句子的成分和结构
句子的基本结构
一、句子的基本成分
句子的基本成分有以下几种：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同
位语。
1、主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句
担当，位于句首。
The boy needs a pen.
Smoking is bad for you.
2、谓语：说明主语的动作或状态。由动词或系动词加表语担任，常置于主语后。
The train leaves at 6 o’clock.
She is reading.
3、宾语：表示动作的对象。一般由名词或
代词担当，常置于谓语后。
He won the game.
He likes playing computer.
4、表语：用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。一般由名词或形容词担任，置于系动
词之后。
He is a student.
We are tired.
注意：除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也
可以用作系动词，
1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste,
sound, look, appear, seem 等。
2)表转变变化的动词: become, get,
grow, turn, go等。
3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold,
stay, rest等。
5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用
的词、短语或句子。
The black bike is mine.（形容词）The boy in blue is Jim.（介词短语）I have nothing to do today.（动词不定
式）
注意：1、当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something 等
时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如：I tell him something interesting.
2、不定式、短语或从句作定语时，
也放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：The boys who are in the room are
playing games.
6、状语：用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句，
位置灵活。
1、修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰
的词之前；
I am very sorry.
2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于
句子两头，强调时放在句首。
In order to cheer him up, I told him
the truth.
They are writing English in the
classroom.
3、一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。
We often help him.
He is always late for class.
7、补语：补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。
He made me sad.（形容词）She asks me to take an umbrella.（不
定式）
The war made him a soldier.（名词）
I find him at home.（介词短语）
I saw a cat running along the wall.（分
词）
8、同位语：同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从
句充当。
Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.
I myself will do the experiment. She is the oldest among them six.
二、句子的基本分类
1、按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问
句、祈使句和感叹句。
1）陈述句：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。
例如：
Light travels faster than sound.
光比声传播速度快。（说明事实）
The film is rather boring. 这部电
影很乏味。（说明看法）
2）疑问句：提出问题。有以下四种：
a. 一般疑问句：
Can you finish the work in
time?
b. 特殊疑问句：
Where do you live?
c. 选择疑问句：
Do you want tea or coffee?
d. 反意疑问句：
He doesn't know her, does he? 3）祈使句：提出请求，建议或发出命令。
例如：
Don't be nervous!
4）感叹句：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒
等情绪。例如：
What good news it is!
2、按其结构，句子可以分为以下三类：1）简单句：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简
单句。例如：
She is fond of collecting stamps. 2）并列句：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如：
The food was good, but he had
little appetite.
3）复合句：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导。
例如：
The film had begun when we got
to the cinema.
三、句子的基本结构
1、简单句
1. Things changed.
2. Trees are green.
3. We don’t like children.
4. He gave his sister a piano.
5. I found the book interesting.
2、并列句
This is me and these are my friends. They must stay in water, or they will
die.
It’s not cheap, but it is very good.
It was late, so I went to bed.
四、句子的扩写
1. The children played.
今天早晨有许多可爱的中国孩子高兴地在
公园里玩耍。
Lots of lovely children from China
played happily in the park this
morning.
2.The boy lent me a book.
几天前这个穿着蓝色上衣的好心男孩借给
我一本很有趣的书，我非常喜欢它。The kind boy in blue coat lent me a very interesting book several days ago, and I love it so much/which I
love so much.
句子的基本结构综合训练
一、指出下列划线部分的基本成分。
1. Our school is not far from my
home.
2. It is a great pleasure to talk
with you
3. All of us considered him
honest.
4. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
5. Her job is to look after the
babies.
6. We need a place twice larger
than this one.
7. He goes to school by bike.
8. The man over there is my old
friend.
9. What he needs is a book.
10. I must leave right now.
二、指出下列句子属于哪种基本句子结构。
1. My grandfather bought me a
pair of sports shoes.
2. He broke a piece of glass.
3. He asked us to sing an
English song.
4. We will make our school
more beautiful.
5. Trees turns green in spring.
6. He came finally last night.
7. Her voice sounds sweet.
8. The meeting will be held in
the meeting room.
9. Mary handed her homework
to the teacher.
10. He made it clear that he
would leave the city.
三、写出下列句子。
1、她学习很努力。
2、我昨天早上遇见了Lily。
3、五年前我住在北京。
4、你必须在两周以内看完这些书。
5、布朗夫人看起来很健康。
6、这个主意听起来很有趣。
7、我爸爸上个月给我买了一辆崭新的自行
车。
8、他的父母给他取名为John。
9、这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老
师。
10、我认为他聪明又有趣。
四、扩展下列句子。
1. I went to school.
2. I got a book.
3. He left.
如果句子只包含一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）结构，而句子各个成分都只由单词或短语表示，它就是简单
句。
句型一主语+系动词+表语
[讲解] (1)系动词的三种分类：在初中阶
段，我们学过的表示“保持或状态”类的有be, remain, stay, keep, prove等；表示“变化”类的有grow, turn, get, become, fall, go, come等；表示“感官”类的有look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem, appear等。例如：
I am a senior school student while he is a junior one.
我是高中生，他是初中生。
After four years, Tom became a doctor/ turned doctor.
四年后，汤姆成了一名医生。
The story sounds interesting and instructive.
这故事听起来既有趣，又有教育意义。
(2)可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、副词(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词(短语)等。例如：
In order to keep healthy, he takes exercise everyday. (形容词作表语)
In my mind, mother is my hero. (名词作表语)
Look! Your pet dog is there. (副词作表语) The schoolbags come in different sizes. (介词短语作表语)
You’ve changed a lot. You are not what you were. (表语从句作表语)
Many passengers got injured in the accident. (过去分词作表语)
The machine keeps running for a long time.（现在分词短语作表语）
(3)使用系动词应注意的地方：第一，没有被动语态；第二，一般没有进行时(除了feel 以外)；第三，有些动词既是系动词又是普通
动词。如：keep, grow, taste, feel, get, smell 等。第四，非谓语一般用现在分词
例如：After two-day’s treatment, he felt well again.(不用was felt)
He remains an excellent engineer in the
factory. (不用is remained)
比较以下句子：
The pet dog keeps clean. It is kept by Johnson.
(keeps是系动词，而kept是及物动词) We grew some trees around our school and they grow green now.
(grew是及物动词，而grow是系动词) Just now I felt the table and it felt smooth.
(第一个felt是及物动词，而第二个是系动词)
[练习]选择一个合适的词或根据汉语提示填空，注意动词的适当形式。
(1) I __________(remain / keep / stay) a nurse while he has __________(turn / become) engineer.
(2) Put the meat in the refrigerator(冰箱). It __________ (go / get / turn / become) bad easily.
(3) What he said __________(sound / look / smell / taste) reasonable.
(4) He feels __________(comfortable / comfortably) working in the air-conditioned office.
(5) We do morning exercises to
__________(keep / turn / become) healthy.
(6) The apple __________(tastes / is tasted) sweet.
(7) Please keep __________(安静); The baby has fallen __________(睡着).
(8) They work day and night to make their dream come __________(实现).
Key:
(1) — (4) remain, turned; goes; sounds; comfortable
(5) — (8) keep; tastes; quiet, asleep; true 句型二主语+不及物动词
[讲解](1)不及物动词不能直接加宾语。如agree, lie, work, argue, belong, come, go, reply等。
(2)不及物动词加一个介词后构成动词短语可以加宾语。如agree with, lie in, work at, belong to, come across, go to等。
(3)有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如begin, sell, write, wash, answer, read
句子结构与成分易错大盘点
外研版英语句子结构与成分易错大盘点 一、句子结构与成分 1．You may know all the words on the right, but which of the following carries meaning? A. A friend self is a second. B. A second is self a friend. C. A friend is a second self. D. Self a second is a friend. 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：你可能知道右面所有的单词，但是下列哪个句子是有意义的？second，第二个；friend，朋友；self，你自己；a，不定冠词表示数量一；C为正确选项，意为：朋友是另一个自己。故选C。 【点评】考查连词成句。先确定句意，根据语法知识将词连接成句。 2．Which of the following sentences is correct? A. He came in and sat down. B. We all like
(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解： （一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 找出下列句中的主语： Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
英语句子成分及结构
英语句子成分及结构 （一）句子成分 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）主语： 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （四）表语： 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词VL之后。系动词大致可分为三类：1.be动词类 2.感官类feel / taste / smell / sound/seem / look /appear… 3.变化类become /get / grow / turn/come/go… 4．状态保持类stay/ remain(保持，仍然是)/ keep /prove etc. 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （五）宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
句子成分和句子结构讲解有答案精品
【关键字】英语、情况、条件、会议、计划、主动、继续、健康、持续、保持、需要、方式、作用、结构、分析、衔接、引导、关心、主动性 句子成分 一．主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 1.请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么（词，短语或句子）可以充当主语。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 常见错误分析 2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语时，只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的动作。 改错：1.play computer games does no good to us. 2.Have a walk in the street is her hobby. 3.Go home at once is his decision 4.Make more friends will do good to us. 5.I’m like computer very much. 6.The story was happening the year before last. 二．宾语： 1．动作的承受者-----动宾 请找出下列句子的宾语并指出什么可以充当宾语。 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2．介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake/me/fighting? 3．双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. 常见错误分析 1：介词后跟宾语时，必须为：名词、代词、ing 或wh型的连接词引导的从句。 改错：①I am fond of play basketball. ②He’s cra zy about read story books. ③I am sorry for late. ④I felt terribly sad for absent from class. 2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语或宾语时，只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的
句子成分及句子结构
基本句型： 所谓基本句型就是句子结构的基本“格局”，也就是千变万化的句子结构的雏形。正是这种有限的分句结构雏形及其转化形式，能够衍生出无限的实际使用中的句子。现代英语的基本句型有五种：1．主—动—补(SVC)结构：在SVC结构中，谓语动词通常是连系动词(linking verb)be的各种形式。 S: subject 主语V: verb 谓语动词C: complement 补语 例句： That car is mine. She is in good health. My brother has become an engineer(工程师). These flowers smell (are) fragrant(芳香的). All the tourists (游客) seemed pleased. 2. 主—动(SV)结构：在SV结构中，谓语动词通常是不及物动词(intransitive verb)。 例句： Iron rusts (生锈).You suck! Everything sucks! Everybody laughed. The guests have arrived. Prices (价格) are going down. The children are sleeping.
3. 主—动—宾(SVO)结构 O: object 宾语 在SVO结构中，谓语动词通常是及物动词(transitive verb)，随后必须跟宾语，带一个宾语的及物动词又叫做“单宾语及物动词”。 例句： I want a return ticket (返程票). Liverpool(利物浦队) 【S】won 【V】the game【O】. Nobody could answer the question. The train is building up speed (加速). The plane (飞机) is losing altitude (降低高度). 4．主—动—宾—宾(SVoO)结构deny sb sth. 在SVoO结构中，及物动词之后必须跟两个宾语（间接宾语和直接宾语），这种动词又叫做“双宾语及物动词”。 o: 间接宾语（一般指人）O：直接宾语（一般指物）例句： I gave you a book. (I gave a book to you) I sent him a telegram (电报). (I sent a telegram to him) Mary lent (出借) me her car. (Mary lent her car to me) David showed (展示，出示，指出) me the way. (David showed the way to/for me.) Someone left you this note (字条，便条). (Someone left this note to you.) I made myself a cup of tea. (I made a cup of tea for myself)
(完整word版)句子成分及句子结构
句子结构及成分 1.及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。 The door opened. He opened the door. The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填vt.，不及物填vi.。 考点1.Most birds can fly.（） 考点2.The children are flying kites in the park. ( ) 考点3.It happened yesterday.（） 考点4.My watch stopped.（） 考点5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( ) 考点6.She spoke at the meeting this morning. （） 考点7.Shall I begin at once?（） 考点8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.（）（） 考点9.When did they leave Beijing?（） 考点10.They left last week. （） 2.实义动词、助动词与情态动词 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。 实义动词 指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如： He lives quite near. (live“住”，有明确的意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词。) I like reading. （like “喜欢”，意思明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。） I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “买”，意义明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。） 助动词 助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。因此，助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。 帮助构成时态的： The boy is crying.He has arrived. I have been painting all day. Does he like English?
英语句子成分、句子结构讲解及练习
主语（subject ）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It 形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 谓语（predicate ）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语（predicative ）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don ’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I ’m poor, I can ’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） （常见的系动词有: be, sound （听起来）, look （看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell （闻起来）, taste （尝、吃起来）, remain （保持，仍是）, feel （感觉） ... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语： 1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said （宾语从句） 2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn ’t come here. （名） We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. （介词短语） Don ’t let him do that. （省to 不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to 不定式） Don ’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I ’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词） 主补：对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词） We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词） The trees planted last year are growing well now.过分 I have an idea to do it well.（不定式） You should do everything that I do.（定语从句）
句子成分和句子结构
句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语.谓语.表语.宾语.宾语补足语.定语.状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语.宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词.代词.数词.不定式等充当。 He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。 一般可分为两类： 1)简单谓语: 由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 We study for the people.我们为人民学习。 My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。 2)复合谓语：情态动词＋动词 I can speak a little English.我可以说一点英语。 3、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。 We like English.我们喜欢英语。 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如： We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。 4、表语 表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于连系动词（be, become, appear, seem 等）之后。 Africa is a big continent.非洲是个大洲。 I feel much better today.我今天感觉好多了。 5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。 He is a new student.他是个新生。 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room is mine.房间里的自行车是我的。 6、状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past．我父母经常给我们讲他们过去的苦难
句子成分及结构
日骋教育教辅讲义 学生姓名：就读学校：教材版本：总课次： 任课教师：敖财芹补习科目：课程分班：上课时间： 课题： 句子成分 一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语) 二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher.(名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it.(代词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep.(形容词) The picture is on the wall.(介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost.(形容词化的分词)
不定式) The question is whether they will come.(表语从句) 常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)，remain(保持，仍是)，feel(感觉) …. It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 三、宾语： 1)动作的承受者——动宾 I like China.(名词) He hates you.(代词) How many do you need? We need two. (数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said?(宾语从句) 2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾 Are you afraid of the snake?
句子结构与成分过关测试
句子结构与成分过关测试 一、句子结构与成分 1．The sentence structure of "They talked for an hour." is " ". A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+A 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：句子"They talked for an hour."的结构是什么？A.主语+谓语+宾语； B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语； C.主语+谓语+状语。they是主语；talked是谓语；for an hour是状语，故选C。 【点评】考查句子结构，注意平时识记其分类。 2．—What an interesting story she told us! —Yes, and her voice sounded ________. A. sweet B. small C. clearly D. sadly 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊！——是的，她的声音听起来很甜美。sweet甜的；small小的；clearly清楚地；sadly伤心地。sound是系动词，后跟形容词，故选A。 【点评】考查系表结构。 3．John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。故答案为D。 【点评】考查句子成分。牢记句子成分。 4．Choose the correct structure（结构） of this sentence "He lent me a book." A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。he为主语S；lent为谓语V；me为间接宾语IO; a book为直宾DO。故结构为S+V+IO+DO。故选B。 【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。 5．Dora's dream is ________ an English teacher when she grows up. A. for being B. to being C. to be D. be 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：Dora的梦想是当她长大时成为一名英语老师。to do不定式做表
句子成分句子结构
高中英语语法专项复习学案 句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句 一、英语句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主语和谓语；表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语) 二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句) 常见的系动词有: 一be动词类：am、is 、are 、was 、were 二表示变化类：become、get 、turn 、grow 、go 三感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)手（touch）身(feel) 四表示延续性的动词：remain 、stay 、keep It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 四、宾语： 1)动作的承受者——动宾 I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词)
英语句子成分和句子结构分析
英语句子成分和句子结 构分析 Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT
英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1 认识语法 一、英语语法分为两大部分 词法（微观遣词）；句法（宏观造句） 01词法（微观遣词） 1.实词：有实际意义的词。 名词n.：表事物名称 动词vi./vt.：行为，动态。 vi.不及物动词，本身可以表达完整意义，后面不需要带宾语 vt.及物动词，本身无法表达完整意义，后面必须带宾语 形容词adj.：修饰n. 副词adv.：修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子 代词Pron.：代替n. 数词num.：表数量（基数词），表顺序（序数词） 2.虚词：没有实际意义的词。 介词prep.：说明词与词之间的关系 连词conj.：说明句子与句子之间的关系 冠词art.：在n.前，限定n. 感叹词int.：表达感叹 02句法（宏观造句） 1.句子的成分 2.句子结构 3.句子的变化 4.句子的功能 5.句子的类型：简单句，并列句，复合句 6.复合句：名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句 二、语法四大原则 1.词性决定词用 2.同类同用 同种类型的词，用法相同，越细分，越一致 3.动词即句魂 句子里最重要的是谓语，谓语部分最重要的就是动词 4.举一反三 由表及里，发掘句子结构，归属；认识句子本质，由点及面，放大到句群。语法精讲2 句子的成分 主体：主语，谓语，宾语，表语
次体：定语，状语，补语，同位语 主语：一个句子的主体，是全句述说的对象。常由名词，代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任，一般放在句首。 The sun(名词n.) rises in the east. W e(代词pron.) are friends T wenty years(数词num.) is a short time in history. S eeing（动名词） is believing T o be a teacher(不定式)is my dream W hat he needs(句子)is a book 主语从句 I t（形式主语）is time to go home（真正的主语）形式主语是为保持 句子平衡 谓语：表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面W e study(实意动词)English！ I can（情态动词）do it! I don’t（助动词）know! H e is（系动词）asleep. 宾语：表示谓语行为的对象，常由名词，代词或相当于名词的词担任，一般放在及物动词或者介词之后。 I play with him(代词) I like china（名词） H ow many do you need——we need two（数词） I enjoy working with you（动名词） I hope to see you again（不定式） D id you write downwhat he said（句子） U nder the snow（介宾短语）,there are many rocks. H e gave me（间接宾语）a book（直接宾语） yesterday 表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态，一般由名词或者形容词担任。凡是系动词(be 动词,感官动词等)出现的地方，后面必定带着表语 He is a teacher(名词) Seventy-four !you don’t look it（代词） F ive and five is ten（数词） H e is asleep（形容词） T his picture is on the wall（介词短语） M y watch is missing/lost （形容词化的分词） T o wear a flower is to say“ I’m poor ,I can’t buy a ring”(不定式) T he question is whether they will come（句子） 语法精讲3 定语：用来修饰或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或者从句担任，形容词放在名词前面。相当于形容词的短语或者从句放在名词后面。 H e is a clever boy T his is an apple tree
英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 简单句的五个基本句型 主语＋不及物动词She came．. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English. 主语＋系动词＋主语补语 She is happy． 主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 She gave John a book． She bought a book for me. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语 She makes her mother angry． The teacher asked me to read the passage. （There +be There lies a book on the desk. 主谓宾 名／代－－动词－－名／代 we-- saw --you. we-- did --the work. 主系表 名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词 you are beautiful you seems worried. you are a stufent. 相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种： 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。 如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 如：He works hard .(他工作努力)
句子成分及结构
句子成分及句子结构 句子成分(members of a sentence) 句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分：主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 主语（subject）：主要由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化得形容词和主语从句等充当。 1）During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2）We often speak English in class. 3）One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4）To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5）Smoking does harm to the health. 6）The rich should help the poor. 7）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8）It is necessary to master a foreign language. 谓语（predicate verb）： 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。He practice running every morning. 复合谓语：1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 2)由系动词加表语构成。We are students. 表语（predicative）：用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词和表语从句充当。 1）Our teacher of English is an American. 2) Is it yours? 3)The weather has turned cold. 4)The speech is exciting. 5) Three times seven is twenty one. 6)His job is to teach English. 7) His hobby is playing football. 8)The machine must be out of order. 9) Time is up. The class is over. 10) The truth is that he has never been abroad. 宾语（object）：宾语表示动作的对象或者承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 1）They went to see an exhibition yesterday. 2）The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 4）They pretended not to see me. 5）They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 6）I enjoy listening to popular music. 7）I think (that) he is fit for his office. 宾语类型：1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）Lend me your dictionary, please. 2)复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）They elected him their monitor. 宾语补足语（complement）：有些及物动词，除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（make, find, leave,deng）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 1）His father named him Dongming.2)They painted their boat white. 3)Let the fresh air in. 4) You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.