中考英语英语阅读理解汇编专题训练答案含解析

中考英语英语阅读理解汇编专题训练答案含解析

一、中考英语阅读理解汇编

1．阅读理解

Stonehenge means "hanging stones". They stood in a circle, with 30 more stones lying on top

to form a ring of rocks. There was also an inner circle built with similar stones. The stones set up

in a trilithon（巨石牌坊） pattern.

A trilithon is made of two stone pillars with a stab of rock laid across the top. The stones weigh

up to 20 tons each. People wonder how the huge rocks were placed that way.

Historians agree that Stonehenge was built in three different stages. The first stage took place about 5, 000 years ago. At that time, a large circular earth wall was made. Historians believe the

wall was dug and cut with tools made form anglers（鹿角）of red deer. The earth wall was about 98m in diameter（直径） a 5-meter-tall stone was placed near the center. Then, they had

to transport the large blue stones （up to 4 tons） 384 kilometers to Stonehenge. Experts think

they might be moved across ice and snow. The ground in winter in this area is usually full of ice

and snow, making it easier to move the rocks. The next task was to stand the stones up. The most difficult task was putting the top stones in place. Each one of these tasks took a lot of planning

and a lot of strength, but the workers of Stonehenge were excellent builders.

Why was the monument built? Some scientists think it's a burial ground. There are over 400 graves （burial sits） nearby. A man was buried with two gold earrings which are the oldest gold

ever found in Britain （dated to 2470 BC）. Others think Stonehenge was built by early astronomers. Scientists believe that when a person stands in the center of the monument, the changing of seasons can be seen. Certain stones mark the location of the rising and setting moon

in midwinter. Other stones mark the rising and setting sun in midsummer. The ancient people

held religious ceremonies on these days. These ceremonies probably asked the gods to bring

good weather for crops and to protect the people from bad weather.

Stonehenge is an engineering success. Thousands of years later, it still stands. As a calendar, Stonehenge is very accurate. It shows that early people had a deep understanding of the movements to the sun and the moon. They didn't have machines or computers, but Stonehenge shows people could do many things using only their muscles and their brains.

（1）he first building stage of Stonehenge was ________.

A. to dig and cut the earth wall

B. to move the blue stones across the ice

C. to stand the stones up

D. to put the top stones in place

（2）Which evidence（证据） is given to support the idea that Stonehenge was a burial ground?

A. Stonehenge was made of stones.

B. It is a place for celebrating ceremonies.

C. The passing of seasons can be seen there.

D. Two gold earrings were found in a grave.

（3）The underlined word "accurate" in the last paragraph probably means "________".

A. correct

B. strange

C. huge

D. heavy

（4）Stonehenge was probably NOT originally built for ________.

A. tourists

B. religious reasons

C. a burial ground

D. telling the seasons

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要介绍了巨石阵的形状，发展以及历史意义。

（1）细节理解题。根据文中语句The first stage took place about 5, 000 years ago. At that time, a large circular earth wall was made. Historians believe the wall was dug and cut with tools made form anglers（鹿角） of red deer. 提示可知，巨石阵的第一个阶段是造图墙，故选A。（2）细节理解题。根据文中语句Some scientists think it's a burial ground. There are over 400 graves （burial sits） nearby. A man was buried with two gold earrings which are the oldest gold ever found in Britain提示可知，有人认为这是一个墓地。附近有400多座坟墓。一名男子被埋时带着两个金耳环，这是英国有史以来发现的最古老的黄金。故选D。

（3）词义理解推测题。根据文中语句As a calendar, Stonehenge is very accurate.提示可知，accurate的含义是正确的，故选A。

（4）理解归纳题。通读全文语句可知，建立巨石阵的原因有宗教，历法以及墓地等方面的原因，但是与旅游没有很多的联系，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文主要考查细节理解题，首先仔细阅读文后的问题，弄清问题的大意；然后带着问题阅读短文，抓住关键信息，选择正确答案。

2．阅读理解

A British company has made a new product to help us save money. The product is a wristband that gives us an electric shock if we spend too much money. The wristband is called Pavlok. It is linked to our bank account. It knows how much money we have in the bank. If we go shopping and there is not enough money in our bank account, the wristband makes an electric shock on our wrists. This warns us not to overspend. The company is called Intelligent Environments. It wants to work with banks to help customers with their money. So far, no banks in Britain have said they would ask their customers to wear Pavlok. They could start doing this in the future.

The Pavlok wristband is part of the Internet of Things. This is the idea that everything in our life will be connected to the Internet. The CEO of Intelligent Environments, David Webber, said people liked the idea of the Pavlok. Shoppers would rather get a small electric shock in the store from the wristband than get a big shock later when they see their bank account. Mr. Webber said the Pavlok would be great for people who cannot stop spending because they have no power or their power is weak. He added that many young people have the "ostrich effect". This is when people put their heads in the sand and buy things rather than look at how much money they have in their bank accounts.

（1）The company made the product to help itself _________.

A. make money

B. save money

C. spend money

D. rob money

（2）The wristband has to work with _________.

A. shops

B. doctors

C. banks

D. Intelligent Environments

（3）Mr. Webber thinks the wristband is _________.

A. helpless

B. great

C. a big surprise

D. cheap

（4）You can read this passage in a _________.

A. health magazine

B. science magazine

C. sports magazine

D. weather report

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了英国生产的帮助人们省钱的工具——腕带，如果你花钱多了，它会电击你，它是互联网的一部分。

（1）逻辑推理题，公司的目的是赚钱，他生产这种东西就为为了赚钱，故答案是A。（2）细节理解题，根据It is linked to our bank account.可知它跟银行账户关联，故答案是C。

（3）逻辑推理题，根据最后一段的陈述可知，韦伯认为这种产品很棒，故答案是B。（4）文章出处题，这是一篇科普性的文章，应出现在科学杂志上，故答案是B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、逻辑推理题和文章出处题。细节理解题可以直接从文中寻找答案；逻辑推理题需要结合具体语境，有已知内容推出未知的可能的事实；文章出处题需要根据文章内容来判断文章的来源。

3．阅读理解

Like you, plants need good things like food, water, and minerals in order to grow. Usually they get these important nutrients（营养） from the rich soil（土壤） in which they're planted. But there's another way to grow plants that doesn't use soil. It's called hydrogenic gardening.

"Hydrogenic" means "working with water." In a hydrogenic garden, plants grow with their roots in water, not in dirt. The water is filled with special food for the plants that gardeners have carefully measured and prepared.

Hydrogenic plants grow quickly. In ordinary gardens, plants need time and energy to grow long roots that search the soil for food and water. In a hydrogenic garden, plants can use their energy to grow tall instead. And because there is no soil, there are no weeds and few insect pests（害虫）. Gardeners don't need to spray（喷洒） plants with dangerous chemicals. Both the plants and the environment stay healthy.

Scientists hope that, one day, hydrogenic gardens may be able to help hungry people all over the world grow enough food-even in countries that have bad soil, or weather that is too hot, too cold, or too dry. And astronauts hope to take hydrogenic gardens with them to the spaceship they fly to Mars, so that they will always have fresh vegetables, and the fun of growing a garden without dirt.

（1）What's the meaning of the underlined word "dirt" in the second paragraph?

A. soil

B. water

C. insect

D. food

（2）Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A. Plants need water and other nutrients to grow.

B. There are no weeds in hydrogenic gardens.

C. Hydrogenic plants cannot grow in too hot weather.

D. Astronauts hope to take hydrogenic gardens to space.

（3）What's the passage about?

A. Plant growing.

B. Space farming.

C. Scientific watering.

D. hydrogenic gardening.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了氢化园艺。

（1）词义猜测题。根据In a hydrogenic garden, plants grow with their roots in water在氢化花园中，植物的根在水中生长，通常植物生长在土里，故可知dirt是soil土壤的意思，故选A。

（2）细节题。根据hydrogenic gardens may be able to help hungry people all over the world grow enough food-even in countries that have bad soil, or weather that is too hot, too cold, or too dry.氢化花园也许能帮助全世界饥饿的人种植足够的食物——即使是在土壤不好、天气太热、太冷或太干燥的国家，可知氢化植物不能在太热的天气里生长是错的，故选C。

（3）主旨题。根据全文描述可知本文介绍了氢化园艺，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意。

4．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Sometimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it doesn't need to feel this way. Our experience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological （心理学的）processes behind our different experiences of time, we might be able to slow down time a little.

One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we're exposed （接触） to new environments and experiences. The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process. The more information our minds take in, the slower time seems to pass.

It follows, then, that we have different experiences of time in different situations. In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down. In other situations, we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar （熟悉的）. We become insensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up.

How can we slow down time? Here are two suggestions.

Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and

expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills. This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand （增加） our experience of time.

Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience-to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. For example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with. Look at the sky, or at the buildings you pass, traveling among them. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding effect.

To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. It's possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time.

（1）According to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by ________.

A. going to bed on time

B. traveling to new places

C. having dinner as usual

D. printing the same materials

（2）What can we learn from the passage?

A. Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information.

B. Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly.

C. We can take in more information by living through our senses.

D. We should build a stronger relationship between time and us.

（3）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Slow Down Time

B. Only Time Will Tell

C. Race Against Time

D. Time Will Not Come Twice

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

【解析】【分析】大意：本文讲述我们的大脑吸收的信息越多，时间似乎过得更慢。（1）推断题。根据It follows, then, that we have different experiences of time in different situations.不同的环境，会产生不同的时间体验，因此推出经历不同的的地方可以扩展自己的体验，故选B。

（2）推断题。根据This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding effect.可知通过我们的感觉生活可以使我们获得更多的信息，故选C。

（3）主旨题。本文主要讲述讲述我们的大脑吸收的信息越多，时间似乎过得更慢，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题的关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。

5．根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

Meiyu, born in 1991, is from Turkey（土耳其）. She is the youngest child of her family. After high school, many people learned English or Japanese, but Meiyu decided to learn Chinese in university. She learned Chinese for four years in Ankara University in Turkey, and got her name

Meiyu there.

Meiyu fell in love with Chinese after going to university. She became more interested after she knew more about Chinese history. In the beginning many people did not understand her decision. But they all said Meiyu had made a right choice when she graduated from university in 2013. Since then, more Chinese have been visiting Turkey. The trade between the two countries also requires Chinese-speaking people. "Speaking Chinese means more job opportunities." said Meiyu. Now Meiyu has been in Wuhan, China for about two years. Besides going on studying Chinese, she shows great interest in Chinese kung fu as well, so she spends her free time on kung fu training with her coaches. Not only can kung fu help improve her health, but she is also fascinated by the history and culture behind it. Meiyu said, "The more I know about China, the luckier I feel to have been here. But the truth is that fun and pain go together in the process of learning."

Meiyu will graduate in June this year. Her friends want her to stay in China, but her parents hope she can come back home. Meiyu thinks it is difficult to decide. "Even if I go back to Turkey, I will choose Chinese language education as my job," said Meiyu.

（1）Where did Meiyu learn Chinese for four years?

A. In China.

B. In Turkey.

C. In India.

D. In Australia.

（2）What's probably the meaning of the word "opportunities" in this passage?

A. 观点

B. 顺序

C. 机会

D. 组织（3）Why does Meiyu spend her free time on kung fu training with her coaches?

A. Because she is interested in kung fu.

B. Because she has to learn kung fu to graduate.

C. Because she wants to teach kung fu in Turkey.

D. Because she wants to take part in kung fu competitions.

（4）Who wants Meiyu to come back home after her graduation in June?

A. Her parents.

B. Her friends.

C. Her relatives.

D. Her classmates.（5）What can you learn from the passage?

A. Meiyu lost courage when she was in Wuhan.

B. Chinese culture has greatly influenced Meiyu.

C. It's easy for Meiyu to choose whether to stay in China or not.

D. Many people didn't accept Meiyu's decision on education in 2013.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）A

（5）B

【解析】【分析】本文讲述了梅雨在中国学习汉语文化的故事，她来自土耳其，大学毕业后，她来到中国了解了更多与中国历史和文化有关的东西，还学习了中国功夫。

（1）细节题。根据She learned Chinese for your years in Ankara University in Turkey她在土耳其安卡拉大学学习了四年中文，故选B。

（2）词义猜测题。根据 The trade between the two countries also requires Chinese-speaking

people. "Speaking Chinese means more job opportunities ，可知说中文意味着更多的工作“机

会”，故opportunities的含义是“机会，故选C。

（3）细节题。根据she shows great interest in Chinese kung fu as well, so she spends her free

time on kung fu training with her coaches可知，她对中国功夫也表现出极大的兴趣，所以她

把空闲时间花在与教练的功夫训练上，故选A。

（4）细节题。根据Meiyu will graduate in June this year. Her friends want her to stay in China,

but her parents hope she can come back home可知，她的朋友希望她留在中国，但她的父母

希望她能回家，故选A。

（5）推理题。根据本文讲述了梅雨在中国学习汉语文化的故事，她来自土耳其，大学毕

业后，她来到中国了解了更多与中国历史和文化有关的东西，还学习了中国功夫，可知中

国文化对Meiyu有很大的影响，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题，细节题要注意从文中寻

找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相

关信息锁定词意。

6．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

At 8, 844, 43 meters high, Mount Qomolangma is the tallest mountain on Earth. While it is famous for its beautiful views, parts of the mountain are facing a problem: rubbish. Every year, thousands of visitors throw away tons of rubbish, such as bottles and plastic bags.

According to the UN, over 140 tons of rubbish has been left on the mountain. To reduce rubbish, China is limiting （限制） the number of people who are allowed to climb up the north

side of the mountain. Only 300 people will be allowed to climb it, and only during spring.

Local people cleaned the mountain last year, removing rubbish at a height of 5,200 meters.

They collected about 8.4 metric tons （公吨） of rubbish.

This year, the local government plans to spend 4 million yuan on a new clean-up activity. The

local government is also setting up stations to sort （分类）, recycle and break down rubbish collected from the mountain. A group of artists will also try to turn the rubbish into art works.

They will show these works of art to remind people not to leave rubbish when climbing the mountain.

（1）What problem are parts of Mount Qomolangma facing?

A. Air pollution

B. Rubbish

C. Noise

D. Water pollution

（2）How many people will be allowed to climb up the north side of the mountain during spring?

A. 140

B. 5, 200

C. 4 million

D. 300

（3）The underlined word "removing" in Paragraph 3 probably means ________.

A. using up

B. making better

C. putting on

D. taking away

（4）The artists will show their art works in order to ________.

A. teach people to make works of art

B. help people to know about Qomolangma

C. encourage people to clean up Qomolangma

D. remind people not to throw rubbish on Qomolangma

（5）What kind of writing is this?

A. A notice.

B. News.

C. A story.

D. An advertisement.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）D

（4）D

（5）B

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了珠穆朗玛峰部分山区正面临着一个垃圾问题，每年成千上万的游客扔掉大量垃圾，一群艺术家也将试图把垃圾变成艺术品。

（1）细节题。根据 At 8, 844, 43 meters high, Mount Qomolangma is the tallest mountain on Earth. While it is famous for its beautiful views, parts of the mountain are facing a problem: rubbish. 可知，珠穆朗玛峰的部分地区面临垃圾问题，故选B。

（2）细节题。根据 Only 300 people will be allowed to climb it, and only during spring. 可知，春天有300人将被允许爬上这座山的北边，故选D。

（3）词义猜测题。根据Local people cleaned the mountain last year, removing rubbish at a height of 5,200 meters. 可知cleaned清扫即是拿走垃圾的意思，removing的意思是taking away 带走，故选D。

（4）细节题。根据They will show these works of art to remind people not to leave rubbish when climbing the mountain 他们将展示这些艺术品来提醒人们爬山时不要留下垃圾可知，艺术家们将展示他们的艺术作品，以便提醒人们不要在珠穆朗玛峰扔垃圾，故选D。（5）主旨题。根据本文介绍了珠穆朗玛峰部分山区正面临着一个垃圾问题，每年成千上万的游客扔掉大量垃圾，一群艺术家也将试图把垃圾变成艺术品可知本文是新闻，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、词义猜测题和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

7．阅读下面短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

The first time my wife Linda gave birth was in a hospital.

When Linda got pregnant （怀孕） for the second time, we wanted a home birth, not just for ourselves, but for our daughter. We are very open with our daughter. We want to teach her respect and awe （敬畏） for the things of bodies. So she was part of the process from the very

In the morning the midwives came just as Linda was climbing into the birth tub （盆）. Our daughter offered her mom water and food while she rested. When she found the noise and activity of birth, she was too nervous to stay long, so she spent a few minutes next to the tub, then went into another room to play. The midwives called her back in time to see her brother come into the world. As Linda pulled our tiny newborn son up, our daughter and I rushed to her side. all four of us hugging and crying and very excited. That night, and many times since then, our daughter said. "I'm so proud of Mom for having a baby." She has seen and admired the effort it takes to bring a new person into the world. It's a part of her life, something that can happen in the same room where she colors and watches movies.

It was crucial that our daughter was part of that experience, not just for her, but for Linda and me as well. Everything we wanted for her—trusted care providers; a very familiar environment; continuing support; good food—were things we needed but didn't have the first time Linda gave birth. We crossed this threshold （门槛） together, as a family, and it was messy and scary and painful and unusual and mysterious and really perfect.

（1）The writer of this passage is probably ________.

A. a father

B. a mother

C. a daughter

D. a son

（2）What does the underlined word "midwives" probably mean ________.

A. carefully hardworking cooks

B. specially trained nurses

C. truly talented singers

D. very friendly drivers

（3）From the last paragraph, we can see in fact the writer ________.

A. didn't warn her wife Linda to give birth in the family

B. didn't want their family to cross the threshold together

C. thought it was crucial that their daughter was not part of the experience

D. wanted her daughter to know that she was trusted and needed in the family

（4）According to the passage we can see ________.

A. the writer's first child is a son

B. there are five people in the writer's family now

C. the writer's daughter saw her brother come into the world

D. the writer wanted a home birth only just for their daughter

（5）Which is the best title （标题） for this passage?

A. My First Child Was Born in a Hospital.

B. The Second Child in My Happy Family.

C. A Messy and Painful and Unusual Family.

D. Why Did We Choose a Home Birth for Our Second Child?

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】大意：短文主要介绍了作者的大女儿在家参与小儿子出生的过程及原因。

（1）推理判断题。根据第一段 The first time my wife Linda gave birth was in a hospital. 我妻子Linda第一次生孩子的时候是在医院，可推知作者是个爸爸。故选A。

（2）词义猜测题。根据下文The midwives called her back in time to see her brother come into the world. Midwives及时叫她回来看她弟弟来到这个世上，可知midwives是负责帮作者妻子接生的人，应是经过特殊训练的护士。故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段 It was crucial that our daughter was part of that experience.我们的女儿是这经历的一部分，这是至关紧要的，可知作者想要她女儿知道她是被家庭所信任和需要的。故选D。

（4）细节理解题。根据第三段 As Linda pulled our tiny newborn son up, our daughter and I rushed to her side. 在Linda把我们的小儿子生出来的时候，我们的女儿和我奔到她的旁边，可知作者的女儿看着她的弟弟来到世上。故选C。

（5）最佳标题题。通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了作者的大女儿在家参与小儿子出生的过程及原因。故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解，首先快速浏览、分析问题，抓住关键词；其次带着问题通读全文，了解文章大意，找到依据，确定答案；最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。

8．阅读理解

Once upon a time, the colors in the world started to argue. All thought they were the most important and useful.

Green said, "I'm the symbol of life and hope. I was chosen for grass, trees and leaves. Look around and you will see me everywhere."

Blue followed, "You only consider the earth, but look at the sky and the sea."

Yellow smiled, "I bring hope and warmth into the world. Look at the color of the sun and the moon."

Orange continued, "I'm the color of joy. My beauty is so fantastic that no one can think of you at sunrise or sunset."

Red shouted out, "I'm the ruler of you. I'm the color of life and live. So nobody can take my place." Purple stood up, "I'm the color of power. People never question me! They just listen and follow."

Finally, indigo（靛青色） spoke slowly. "I stand for thought and reflection（反省）.Yet all of you just need them."

Suddenly, the sky became dark and rain started to pour down. The colors all gathered（聚集）in fear. Rain began to speak, "Join hands and come to me."

The colors did as they were told. Rain added, "Don't you know you each are made for a certain purpose? When it rains, appear together to show that you can all live in peace. The rainbow（彩虹） is the color of your friendship."

（1）The color green thought it was the most important because .

A. It made the world full of joy

B. it was the symbol of life and love

C. people could see it here and there

D. it was the color of grass and flowers

（2） gives the world hope and warmth.

A. Red

B. Blue

C. Yellow

D. Purple

（3）Each color is made for a purpose.

A. similar

B. certain

C. funny

D. personal

（4）According to the passage, we can know .

A. orange stands for powerful and life

B. all the colors were happy to greet rain

C. Blue is the color of the sea and the sky

D. The sky became dark and began to snow

（5）The best title for the passage can be " ".

A. The color of friendship

B. The performance of colors

C. The colors in the world

D. The courage of the rainbow

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）B

（4）C

（5）A

【解析】【分析】本文主要也是讲的团结，友谊方面的哲理。

（1）细节理解题，根据原文I was chosen for grass， trees and leaves. Look around and you will see me everywhere，我被选择作为草，树木和叶子，看看周围，你会到处都能看到我. 可知绿色认为自己重要的原因是人们到处都能看到它，故选C。

（2）细节理解题，根据原文Yellow smiled，I bring hope and warmth into the world，黄色微笑着说，我给世界带来希望和温暖，故选C。

（3）细节理解题，根据原文"Don't you know you each are made for a certain purpose？难道你们不知道你们每个人都有一定的目的？可知每一种颜色都有它存在的一定的目的。"一定的"用certain，故选B。

（4）细节理解题，根据原文 Blue followed， "You only consider the earth， but look at the sky and the sea. "蓝色紧跟着，你只是考虑到了地上，但是看看天空和海洋，可知蓝色是天空和海洋的颜，故选C。

（5）主旨题，根据原文，When it rains，appear together to show that you can all live in peace. The rainbow（彩虹） is the color of your friendship. "当下雨的时候，你们可以很平静地一起生活一起出现，彩虹就是你们友谊的颜色，可知本文主要也是讲的团结，友谊方面的哲理，故合适的标题是 The color of friendship ，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案，主旨

题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

9．阅读理解

Friends are important to the children. Research shows that children who have no friends can suffer from difficulties later in life. Friendship provides children with more than just fun. By making friends, children learn how to get in touch with others and solve problems. Having friends even does good to children's study for they can help each other after class.

If parents care about their children whether they have made many friends, what matters is that the child is comfortable and happy with his friends. Parents need to understand the steps children take in building friendships.

First of all, be a friend of your child's. Good friendships start at home. Children begin to develop the necessary ability to go out and meet others through getting on with their parents. Greet the child warmly and let him know you are glad to see him. Children learn a lot from how their parents stay with them and other people.

Teach children how to solve conflicts. Being able to work out conflicts is an important skill in getting along with others. If parents know the children have a conflict, let them work it out on their own. Only step in if it is really necessary, for example, an argument is getting physical.

Give children chances to practise staying together. Make children play games that require teamwork and group problem-solving skills. For example, races are fun and provide plenty of practice in teamwork. "In what way didn't you work well together? What might you do differently next time?" For these ideas, read books such as Cooperative Sports and Games Book by Terry Orlick, and Team Building Activities for Every Group by Alanna Jones.

Encourage children to express thanks to others. Parents can encourage children to do this by setting examples for them.

（1）According to the article, if one child has no friend, he will .

A. have some troubles in the future

B. worry about everything in the future

C. not know the importance of making friends

D. not find anybody to help him

（2）Friendships can be helpful to children EXCEPT .

A. providing a lot of fun

B. getting in touch with others

C. solving problems

D. helping others to cheat in the exams

（3）The writer's purpose of writing the article is to .

A. tell what parents should do to help children make friends

B. show having friends even does good to children's study during the classes

C. tell parents to understand the steps of children's friendships

D. show how important friendships are to children

（4）When children have a conflict, parents should .

A. let them fight with each other until they find who the winner is

B. do nothing to the children and believe their abilities

C. let them work it out by themselves and help if necessary

D. talk with them and try to find good ways to let them stay together

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：朋友对孩子很重要。友谊给孩子们带来的不仅仅是乐趣。通过交朋友，孩子们学会了如何与他人联系和解决问题。有朋友甚至对孩子的学习有好处，因为他们可以在课后互相帮助。作为家长应学会如何帮助自己的孩子交朋友，本文就这问题给我们提出了一些建议。

（1）细节理解题，根据Research shows that children who have no friends can suffer from difficulties later in life.可知，如果孩子没有朋友，在未来的生活中会遇到一些困难，故答案是A。

（2）细节理解题，根据Friendship provides children with more than just fun. By making friends, children learn how to get in touch with others and solve problems. Having friends even does good to children's study for they can help each other after class.可知，有一可以给孩子们带来更多的乐趣，学会如何跟别人相处，也可以帮着提高自己的学习成绩，而不会帮着别人在考试中作弊，故答案是D。

（3）细节理解题，根据Parents need to understand the steps children take in building friendships.可知，文章告诉家长该如何做来帮着孩子交朋友，故答案是A。

（4）细节理解题，根据If parents know the children have a conflict, let them work it out on their own.可知，如果父母知道孩子们有了冲突，要让孩子们自己解决，故答案是C。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和逻辑推理题。细节理解题可以直接从文中寻找答案。

10．根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

Do you often run outdoors to keep healthy? Have you ever thought about how running helps to clean up the earth? Sometimes a creative mind can bring us a win-win（双赢）situation.

Plogging, a new way to exercise, began in Sweden（瑞典）.The name "plogging" comes from two words the Swedish（瑞典的）word "plocka", which means" to pick up（捡起）", and the word" jogging", which means "to run slowly". A Swedish man called Erik started the movement. He saw rubbish here and there when riding to work each day. He became worried about the dirty environment and decided not to go to work by bike any more. Instead, he began to run to work and pick up the rubbish at the same time. To his joy, more and more people followed him and soon plogging became popular.

Many people choose plogging instead of just jogging because they think plogging is a good way to help clean up the earth. Sometimes rubbish is difficult to collect because it may scatter all around. But if the runners pick up the rubbish on the way, it is quite different. After all, many hands make light work. Another reason is that plogging burns more calories（卡路里）.According to a research, plogging for 10 minutes burns 48 calories, while usual jogging for 10 minutes burns about 39 calories.

Everyone on the earth should play a part in cleaning it up! It's time for us to take action

together. So ready? Let's plog tomorrow!

（1）The underlined（划线的）word "scatter" in the passage means" "in Chinese.

A. 爆炸

B. 集中

C. 散落

（2）After Erik saw much rubbish, .

A. he became worried

B. he kept riding to work every day

C. he didn't care and did nothing about it

（3）People choose plogging because .

A. there are too many bikes in the city

B. riding bikes is harmful to their health

C. it can help clean up the earth and burn more calories

（4）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Plogging started in Sweden.

B. Plogging for 10 minutes burns about 84 calories.

C. The name "plogging" comes from two English words.

（5）What's the best title for the passage?

A. A Bad Habit—Littering

B. The Best Sport—Jogging

C. A New Way to Exercise—Plogging

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）C

（4）A

（5）C

【解析】【分析】主要讲了瑞典的慢跑捡垃圾运动及这种运动的好处。

（1）细节题。根据前句Sometimes rubbish is difficult to collect有时捡垃圾是困难的，原因是垃圾是散落的，故选C。

（2）细节题。根据He became worried about the dirty environment可知Eric是担心的，故选A。

（3）细节题。根据Many people choose plogging instead of just jogging because they think plogging is a good way to help clean up the earth.Another reason is that plogging burns more calories（卡路里）.可知慢跑捡垃圾可以帮助打扫地球、燃烧更多的卡路里，故选C。（4）细节题。根据Plogging, a new way to exercise, began in Sweden（瑞典）.可知慢跑捡垃圾在瑞典开始，故选A。

（5）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了瑞典的慢跑捡垃圾运动及这种运动的好处。故选C。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和主旨题常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

11．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Shenzhen, Jan 1st, 2018—Shenzhen has become the world's first city to make about 16, 359,

run on electricity （电；电能）. 12,518 taxis in the city are electric ones. "We will replace （替换） the rest of the taxis with electric ones by 2020." said Mr. Chen from the government.

"I have been a driver for twenty years," said Mr. Zhang, a driver who started to drive electric buses a month ago. "We had a lot of training and passed strict exams before we were allowed to drive the electric buses."

The city has built 8, 000 charging poles （充电桩） and 501 bus charging stations. "A bus can be fully charged in two hours and the charging poles can serve 300 buses a day at our station. Since the replacement, the bus station has become quiet." said Mr. Guan, the manager of Qinghu Bus Station.

The use of electric buses and electric taxis plays an important role in making air fresher. In a year, the electric buses use 72. 9 % less energy than the traditional ones. The electric taxis will save the energy of 119, 000 tons of standard coal.

Shenzhen was one of the first 13 cities to take part in the National New-Energy Vehicle Program. In 2017, the city spent 3. 3 billion yuan on electric buses and the charging equipment （设备）. The city also encourages people to bus new-energy cars or electric cars by spending less money.（1）How many electric taxis were there in Shenzhen in January, 2018?

A. 8, 000

B. 12, 518

C. 16, 359

D. 11, 900

（2）To drive an electric bus, a driver should ________.

A. have at least 20 years' driving experience

B. charge the electric bus every day

C. take part in the National New-Energy Vehicle Program

D. have a lot of training and pass strict exams

（3）What is the influence of the replacement according to Mr. Guan?

A. 200 buses can be charged a day.

B. It causes air to be worse.

C. The bus station has become quiet.

D. People will pay more if they buy e-cars.

（4）The city encourages people to ________.

A. buy new-energy cars or electric cars by spending less money

B. spending more money in buying new cars

C. use traditional cars as long as possible

D. avoid driving electric buses

（5）The passage is most probably taken from ________.

A. a textbook

B. a diary

C. a story book

D. a news report

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

（5）D

【解析】【分析】大意：本文讲述是深圳是中国13座城市之一从事新能源工程，有望在2020年全部使用电动出租车和公交车，使空气变得更加清新。

（1）细节题。根据 12,518 taxis in the city are electric ones.可知，深圳2018年一月的电动出租车的数量达到12,218辆，故选B。

（2）细节题。根据 "We had a lot of training and passed strict exams before we were allowed to drive the electric buses.可知，电动出租车司机要进行许多培训和考试，合格者才能开电动出租车，故选D。

（3）细节题。根据 the bus station has become quiet.可知车站会变得安静，故选C。

（4）细节题。根据 The city also encourages people to bus new-energy cars or electric cars by spending less money。可知深圳市鼓励人们用更少的钱买新能源汽车或电动车，故A。（5）推断题。本文讲述深圳从事新能源工程，有望在2020年全面使用电动出租车和公交车，鼓励人们购买新能源汽车和电动车，可以推出这篇文章有可能来自新闻报道，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题和推断题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题需要从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

12．阅读理解

Our monthly talks start at 19: 30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don't need to book. They end around 21: 00.

November 7th The Canal（运河）Pioneers（先驱者）, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early "civil engineers".

December 5th Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering.

Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London's ice trade grew.

February 6th An Update on the Cotswold Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroud water Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.

March 6th Eyots and Aits---Thames Istands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest. （1）When is the talk on James Brindley?

A. On February 6th.

B. On March 6th.

C. On November 7th.

D. On December 5th.（2）What is the topic of the talk in February?

A. The Canal Pioneers.

B. Ice for the Metropolis.

C. Eyous and Aits -Thames Istands.

D. An Update on the Cotswold Canals.

（3）Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames?

A. Miranda Vickers.

B. Malcolm Tucker.

C. Chris Lewis.

D. Liz Payne.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了博物馆每个月的讲座安排。

（1）细节题。根据11月7日运河（运河）先锋（先驱者），作者克里斯·刘易斯。詹姆斯·布林德利是公认的早期运河工程师之一可知，11月7日是关于James Brindley的讲座，故选C。

（2）细节题。根据 February 6th An Update on the Cotswold Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroud water Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play 2月6日利兹·佩恩报道科茨沃尔德运河的最新情况。斯特劳德运河正朝着重新开放的方向发展。泰晤士河和塞文运河将需要一点时间。我们将有一份关于比赛现状的报告，可知二月份谈话的主题是科茨沃尔德运河的最新消息，故选D。

（3）细节题。根据March 6th Eyots and Aits---Thames Istands, by Miranda Vickers可知Miranda Vickers 将在泰晤士河中的岛屿上发表演讲，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

13．阅读理解

When I was about 12, I had an enemy, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings （缺点）. Sometimes she said I was thin. Sometimes she said I was lazy. Sometimes she said I wasn't a good student. Sometimes she said I talked too much, and so on. I tried to put up with （忍受） her as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes.

He listened to me quietly, and then he asked, "Are the things she said true or not? Mary, didn't you ever wonder what you're really like? Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said."

I did as he told me and to my surprise, I discovered that about half the things were true.

I brought the list back to my dad. He refused to take it. "That's just for you," he said. "You know better than anyone else the truth about yourself. When something said about you is true, you'll find it will be helpful to you. Don't shut your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you think is right."

Many years have passed. The situation often appears in my mind. In our life we often meet with some trouble and we often go to someone and ask for advice. For some advice you will treasure （珍惜） all your life!

（1）What did the writer's father do after he heard her complaints （抱怨）?

A. He agreed with her "enemy".

B. He let her continue to put up with her "enemy".

C. He told her to write down all her "enemy" had said about her.

D. He told her not to pay attention to what her "enemy" had said.

（2）The writer felt________ when she did the things as her father had told her.

A. surprised

B. angry

C. disappointed

D. sad

（3）Which of the following can we know from the passage?

A. The "enemy" thought the writer was pretty.

B. The "enemy" thought the writer studied hard.

C. The writer and her "enemy" became best friends at last.

D. The writer is thankful to her father.

（4）Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A. My Parents

B. A Serious Criticism （批评）

C. What People Say About You Is Always Right

D. The Best Advice I Have Ever Had

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】主要讲了作者12岁时有一个女孩喜欢指出作者的缺点，起初作者是不高兴的，在爸爸的劝说下发现女孩说的一半都是自己的缺点，认识到在我们的生活中，我们经常遇到一些麻烦，我们经常去找别人寻求建议。为了一些建议，你会珍惜你的一生！（1）细节题。根据Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true.可知爸爸让女儿把“敌人”说的每一句话都列一张单子，把正确的地方标出来。故选C。（2）细节题。根据I did as he told me and to my surprise, I discovered that about half the things were true.我照他说的做了，令我吃惊的是，我发现大约一半的事情是真的，可知作者是惊讶的，故选A。

（3）推断题。根据I did as he told me and to my surprise, I discovered that about half the things were true.我照他说的做了，令我吃惊的是，我发现大约一半的事情是真的，可知作者在爸爸的帮助下认识到了自己的错误，所以作者对爸爸非常感谢，故选D。

（4）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了作者12岁时有一个女孩喜欢指出作者的缺点，起初作者是不高兴的，在爸爸的劝说下发现女孩说的一半都是自己的缺点，认识到在我们的生活中，我们经常遇到一些麻烦，我们经常去找别人寻求建议。为了一些建议，你会珍惜你的一生！即作者曾经拥有的最好的建议，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

14．阅读理解

Aaron didn't want to tell his classmates that he was homeless. But when he recorded his own story with StoryCorpsU-a project set up to help kids in high-needs schools build stronger relationships with their teachers-he says, it just came out.

"I don't know what made mc say it," Aaron explains. "but I'm like, 'Let me just be honest and just get it out.'"

In his recording, made last year in Chicago, Aaron said that he "had to sleep outside, sometimes with nothing to eat. I was ashamed（羞耻的）.…I am still ashamed."

Only when hearing Aaron's recording did his teacher, Celeste Davis-Carr, learned that he was living on the streets.

"I was scared, because I felt helpless, "Davis-Carr tells Aaron." I didn't know what to do, but at

the same time I felt I must try my best to help you."

"I didn't really think that I would ever really tell a teacher, but it makes me know that you're special because you care," Aaron says. "You talk to me and make sure that I'm cool."

In the year since showing his secret, Aaron says he's doing better. He has more friends and has been living in a foster home（寄养家庭）since October. "It's good, actually. I feel comfortable. Where I am now-it kind of feels like home."

"Can I tell you one thing that I really admire about you, Aaron?" Davis-Carr asks. "Because I've never told you. Do you know how strong you are? You have a strength（力量） that, no matter what anyone says about you or they do to you, you don't change who you are as a person. And a lot of people don't have that strength. So I admire that about you."

"Thank you," Aaron replies.

"I want to see you happy," his teacher tells him." Just your smile is the best moments of you." "Thank you, "Aaron says." That means a lot to me."

（1）Aaron told his story in the recording to .

A. help the homeless kids

B. look for happiness

C. win support from others

D. keep himself honest

（2）In the eyes of Aaron, his teacher Davis-Carr .

A. offered him special care

B. felt helpless in his life

C. sometimes looked cool

D. was too scared to help him

（3）Which of the following statements about Aaron is TURE?

A. Aaron feels good about his new home.

B. Aaron dislikes his teachers except Davis-Carr.

C. Aaron has told his classmates he is homeless.

D. Aaron is always ready to change himself.

（4）What is the main idea of the passage?

A. A teenager enjoys going to school alone.

B. A teacher admires a student for his smile.

C. A homeless boy finds love in a teacher.

D. A recording helps a student find his parents.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要介绍了无家可归的男孩Aron在老师身上发现爱的故事。（1）细节题。根据"I don't know what made mc say it," Aaron explains. "but I'm like, 'Let me just be honest and just get it out.'"可知，说出整个故事是为了保持诚实，故选D。

（2）细节题。根据but it makes me know that you're special because you care可知，在Aron 的眼里，老师是关心他的，故选A。

（3）推理判断题。根据It's good, actually. I feel comfortable. 可知，他觉得新家是好的，舒服的，所以A选项正确，故选A。

（4）主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了无家可归的男孩Aron在老师身上发现爱的

故事，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

15．阅读理解

Do you think there is a ghost in the world? More than 20 years ago, a student jumped from the top of the clock tower in the University of Birmingham. He did this only because he failed his final exam.

After his death, a superstition（迷信） began: Anyone who walks under the clock tower will have bad luck in his exam. Years later, students there still remembered the story of the tower. Although Birmingham is the second largest city in Britain, the university is green and quiet. The grass around the tower has been worn away by the feet of students who refuse to pass underneath the tower.

The university had to pave（铺）extra paths, so students could walk to their classrooms without passing under the most terrible area. But, one day just before an important exam, a top student in the university walked under the clock tower because he was lost in thought. However, he got high marks in the exam the next day. Quickly students all knew about it. Then they realized that the most important thing is working hard.

Whenever I go under the clock tower, I will tell myself, "Working hard is the key to success."（1）Why did the student jump from the top of the tower?

A. Because he saw a ghost there.

B. Because he was very careless.

C. Because he didn't pass his final exam.

D. Because there was no risk.

（2）The grass around the tower has been worn away by the students who .

A. think the grass is really beautiful and like to walk on it

B. think they will fail exams if they walk under the tower

C. believe anyone who walks under the tower will die

D. know there is a ghost in the tower and are afraid of it

（3）What did the university do with the problem?

A. It paved other roads for the students.

B. It ordered students to walk under the tower.

C. It moved the clock tower away at last.

D. It didn't do anything for the students.

（4）What's the writer's opinion in the passage?

A. He thinks it's dangerous to risk walking under the clock tower.

B. He doesn't believe the story is true.

C. He thinks the story is interesting.

D. Working hard is important to success.

【答案】（1）C