常见句子结构与成分最全总结(1)

常见句子结构与成分最全总结(1)
常见句子结构与成分最全总结(1)

必备英语常见句子结构与成分最全总结

一、句子结构与成分

1.The shop ________ from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. But it ________ at 4: 30 on Sundays.

A. opens; closes

B. opens; is closed

C. is open; closes

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:商店从上午9点到下午5点营业,但是星期天在4点半关门。根据from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m是段时间,用表示持续性状态的动词或形容词,open是瞬间动词,描述客观事实用一般现在时,主语是it,第三人称单数,故谓语动词是单三式,故选C。

【点评】考查动词,注意持续性动词和主谓一致的用法。

2.John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______.

A. S+V+O

B. S+V+P

C. S+V+IO+DO

D. S+V+DO+OC

【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意:约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。故答案为D。

【点评】考查句子成分。牢记句子成分。

3.Choose the correct structure(结构) of this sentence "He lent me a book."

A. S+V+O

B. S+V+IO+DO

C. S+V+P

D. S+V+DO+OC

【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。he为主语S;lent为谓语V;me为间接宾语IO; a book为直宾DO。故结构为S+V+IO+DO。故选B。

【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。

4.This cake is really big. _______ share it.

A. May be we can

B. We may be can

C. Maybe we can

D. Maybe can we 【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意“蛋糕真的很大,也许我们可以分享它”。maybe为副词,也许,可能,放于句首。may be中may是情态动词,be是动词原形,为系表结构,译为“也许是,可能是”。根据句意,故选C。

【点评】此题考查简单句和副词的用法。

5.The young man ________ glasses is my teacher.

A. wear

B. wears

C. put on

D. with

【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意:带着眼镜的年轻人是我的老师。这个句子是简单句,根据is可知句子结构是系表结构,wear穿着,戴着,动词,put on穿上,戴上,动词短语,所以A,B,C三个选项都不正确,故选D。

【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。注意句子成分结构。

6.The boy_______ black hair_______ a blue coat.

A. has; has

B. with; in

C. has; wears

D. with; wears

【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意:留着黑头发的男孩穿着一件蓝色大衣。一个句子中不能出现两个谓语动词故选项A和C错误,B选项两个介词,放在句中缺少谓语动词,with具有,with black hair留着黑头发,介词短语修饰主语the boy, wear穿着,谓语动词,根据主语the boy,wear用第三人称单数结构,故选D。

【点评】此题考查句子结构成分。注意句子的成分和句子的结构。

7.Gina's books _______ in the room.

A. is everywhere

B. are everywhere

C. is at everywhere

D. are at everywhere 【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意:Gina的书在房间里到处都是。主语是Gina's books,复数,用are,everywhere是一个副词,前面不需要用介词,故选B。

【点评】考查主系表结构。牢记主谓一致,并注意everywhere的用法。

8.______ cold in winter in Liaocheng.

A. It

B. Its

C. It's

D. it's

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:聊城的冬天是寒冷的。A.它;B.它的;C.它是;D.它是。根据句子可知缺少主语和谓语,排除A、B。句首单词首字母大写,故选C。

【点评】考查句子结构,注意平时识记,理解句意。

9.I ________ Beijing five year ago.

A. live in

B. lived in

C. lived on

D. has living on

【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意:五年前我住在北京。根据five year ago可知用一般过去时,简单句,主语+不及物动词,live,不及物动词,住,in,在……地方,故选B。

【点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态。

10.What he ________ does not matter.

A. says

B. saying

C. say

D. said

【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意:他讲的没什么关系。简单句,主语+不及物动词,say,不及物动词,讲,故选D。

【点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态。

11.He was also famous philosopher. (选出定语)

A. He

B. also

C. famous

D. philosopher

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:他是如此著名的哲学家。定语是来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质和特征的,famous,著名的,形容词,作定语修饰名词philosopher哲学家,故选C。

【点评】此题考查句子成分。根据要确定的句子成分,分析句子结构,选出正确答案。12.Which of the following sentences is correct?

A. He came in and sat down.

B. We all like .

C. When we met. He didn't say hello.

D. We went out, headed for the bus stop.

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:下面那个句子是正确的。A是简单句,came和sat是并列谓语,都是一般过去式,所以A正确。B中的符号不符合英语习惯,在英语中没有书名号,表示书名时通常用斜体字形式。C句的标点符号是错误的,把met后的句号改为逗号才符合复合句的定义。D句中headed前应加上and或者将headed改为heading构成伴随状语。因此选A。

【点评】考查句法知识。

13.'My father bought me a new watch yesterday.' It is a structure of_________.

A. S+V+P

B. S+V+IO+DO

C. S+V+DO+CO

D. S+V+DO

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:昨天我爸给我买了一块新手表。它是S+V+IO+DO结构。My father (主语S)+bought(谓语V)+me(间接宾语ID)+a new watch(直接宾语DO),故选B。

【点评】考查句结构和成分。注意识记S+V+IO+DO结构的用法。

14.There is a river. You must _______ the bridge.

A. go across

B. across

C. go cross

D. go

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:有一条河,你必须穿过去。cross穿过,实义动词,across穿过,介词。句子缺少谓语,情态动词must后面用动词原形,排除B。go去,不及物动词,排除D。go across+名词=cross+名词,表示穿过......,固定搭配,故选A。

【点评】考查句子结构和成分,注意平时识记cross和across的区别。

15.You may know all the words on the right, but which of the following carries meaning?

A. A friend self is a second.

B. A second is self a friend.

C. A friend is a second self.

D. Self a second is a friend.

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:你可能知道右面所有的单词,但是下列哪个句子是有意义的?second,第二个;friend,朋友;self,你自己;a,不定冠词表示数量一;C为正确选项,意为:朋友是另一个自己。故选C。

【点评】考查连词成句。先确定句意,根据语法知识将词连接成句。

16.The sentence structure of "They talked for an hour." is " ".

A. S+V+O

B. S+V+IO+DO

C. S+V+A

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:句子"They talked for an hour."的结构是什么?A.主语+谓语+宾语;

B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;

C.主语+谓语+状语。they是主语;talked是谓语;for an hour是状语,故选C。

【点评】考查句子结构,注意平时识记其分类。

17.The sentence structure of "My mother gives me some bread." is " ".

A. S+V+O

B. S+V+IO+DO

C. S+V+DO+C

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:句子"My mother gives me some bread."的结构是什么?A.主语+谓语+宾语;B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;C.主语+谓语+间接宾语+宾语补足语。my mother是主语;gives是谓语;me是间接宾语;some bread是直接宾语,故选B。

【点评】考查句子结构,注意平时识记其分类。

18.Could you please tell me next?

A. how to do

B. how to do it

C. what to do it

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:你告诉接下来怎么做好吗?how to do怎样做,do是及物动词,后需接宾语,而what to do it表达错误,what在此作do的宾语,it多余,故排除C,故选B。

【点评】考查特殊疑问词+动词不定式。注意特殊疑问词+动词不定式结构的用法。19.There are some volunteers in the park.

A. 表语

B. 宾语

C. 主语

D. 定语

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:公园里有一些志愿者。"there be+名词+介词短语"是固定句式,是倒装句,在这个句式中,there be后面的名词是主语,故答案选C。

【点评】考查句子成分。注意句子涉及到there be后的名词作主语的用法。

20.It is fair to give Anna the prize in the painting competition.

A. 形式主语

B. 直接宾语

C. 向接宾语

D. 真正主语【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:给Anna颁发绘画竞赛奖是公平的。It is +形容词+to do sth. 是固定句式,在这个句式中,it是形式主语,不定式是真正的主语,故答案选D.

【点评】考查动词句子成分。注意句子涉及到it is +形容词+to do sth的用法。

21.We'd like more students to join the story telling club.

A. 状语

B. 直接宾语

C. 宾语补足语

D. 谓语【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:我们想要更多的学生参加讲故事俱乐部。题干句的主语是We;谓语动词是would like;宾语是more students;句尾的动词不定式短语to join the story telling club是目的状语,故答案选A。

【点评】考查动词不定式。注意句子涉及到动词不定式作目的状语的用法。

22.I found _______ convenient to shop on line at home.

A. it's

B. that

C. it

D. that was

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:我发现在家网购和方便。固定句式:主+find+it+adj+to do,主语发现做某事是……的,故选C。

【点评】考查it做形式宾语,熟练掌握固定句式:主+find+it+adj+to do。

23.Which of the following is correct?

A. Didn't you know if our teacher has checked out our homework?

B. Could you tell me what's the matter with Tom?

C. I wondered, "Would you like to have a picnic with me"?

D. Mary was seen play basketball when I passed the playground.

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:下面哪个选项是正确的?A项didn't表否定,if(是否)表不确定,二者连用导致句意不清;C项直接引语是客气的请求,动宾搭配错误;D项被动语态was seen后面的不定式符号需恢复;此三项都可排除。B项是含有宾语从句的主从复合句,句子结构正确,语句通顺,故选B。

【点评】考查句子结构和成分。根据语法知识判断句子的正误。

24.Hobo gave Eddie some ice cream. The sentence structure (结构) is _____________.

A. S+V+P

B. S+V+IO+DO

C. S+V+O

D. S+V+DO+OC

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:流浪汉给了埃迪一些冰淇淋。句子结构是?A.主系表;B.主语+谓语+间接引语+直接引语;C.主谓宾;D.主谓宾加宾补。gave是give的过去式,给,give sb. sth.给某人某物,固定搭配,sb.是间接宾语,sth.是直接宾语,Hobo是主语,gave是谓语,故选B。

【点评】考查句子结构和成分。

25.What is your new speech on, Mr. Smith?(选出宾语)

A. What

B. your new speech

C. on

D. Mr. Smith

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:你的演讲是关于什么,史密斯先生?on 介词后面跟宾语,特殊疑问词what在句中作on的宾语,故选A。

【点评】此题考查句子成分。根据句子结构确定划线部分在句中的成分,选出正确答案。

二、定语从句

26.We all enjoy reading the story _______ has a happy ending.

A.who B.whom C.that D.what

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:我们都喜欢读有一个幸福结局的故事。这里是定语从句,先行词是the story,是物,关系词用that和which, 先行词是人用who来引导。先行词是人,关系词whom在句

中作宾语。根据题意,故选C。

【点睛】

当关系代词指人时,关系代词既可用who,也可以用that.但在以下情况用who.

1.当先行词是persons,people,those时.例如:

Those who are for my plan ,please put up your hands.同意我的计划的人请举手.

Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.好争者被轻视.

2.当先行词是he,one,all,any,they等时,例如:

He who has not reached the Great Wall isn't a true man.不到长城非好汉.

All who had seen this film were moved.看过这部电影的人都受感动.

3.在非限定性定语从句中用who.例如:

I want him,who knows some English and French.我要他,他懂得些英语和法语.

I will pardon you,who are honest.我愿意宽恕你,你是诚实的.

4.在强调句型中多用who,在口语中who可以省略.例如:

I think it is you who should come here tomorrow.我认为你明天应该来这儿.

It is he who can do this work.只有他能够干此工作.

在以下情况多用that.例如:

5.当关系代词在从句中作表语时用that.例如:

She is not the woman that she used to be.她已经不是过去的她了.

China is not the country that it used to be.中国已经不是过去的中国了.

27.Confucius was a great thinker had many wise ideas about human nature.

A.who B.which C./

【答案】A

【解析】

句意:孔子是一位伟大的思想家,他对人性有很多明智的想法。考查定语从句。who用于先行词是人时,which用于先行词是物时。先行词thinker(思想家)是人,需用who引导,引导词做从句的主语,不可省略;根据句意语境,可知选A。

28.—Tom, could you lend me the book ________ you talked about yesterday?

—Sure, here you are.

A.which B.what C.who

【答案】A

【解析】

句意:- 汤姆,你能借给我你昨天谈到的那本书吗?-当然了,给你。A.哪个B.什么C.谁,本题考查定语从句的关系代词,you talked about yesterday 部分使用来修饰“book”的,描述这本书是“你昨天谈到的”那本书,所以是book的定语从句,先行词book在定语从句中做宾语(做talk about的宾语),故选用关系代词that/which,故选A。

29.— What kind of movies do you like?

— I like the movies ____ are about Chinese history.

A.who B.whom C.whose D.that

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析:句意:—你喜欢哪种类型的电影?—我喜欢那些关于中国历史的电影。本题考查定语从句的引导词,指代movies在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词that或which,故选D。

考点:考查定语从句的用法。

30.Whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。

He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。

I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。

31.—What do you think of the book A Haw Tree written by a woman writer?

—It reminds me of the days ________ I spent in the countryside.

A.when B.that C.who D.where

【答案】B

【解析】

此题考查定语从句的引导词,先行词是the days,从句中I spent后缺少宾语,故用关系代词,所以选B。

32.The first thing __________ I have to do now is to keep healthy.

A.which B.that C.who D.whom

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:句意:我现在不得不做的第一件事是保持健康。定语从句用来充当句中定语的成分,被修饰的名词叫先行词,连接主从句的是关系词。关系词分:1关系代词:who , whom , whose , which , that。2关系副词:where,when why 等。一般的who 用于指代人的先行词,which 用来指代物的先行词,that既可指人又可指物。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语。但在下列情况下一般只用that而不用which :先行词本身是all , everything , something , nothing , anything等不定代词时,先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the only等作定语时,先行词既有人又有物时。根据先行词有序数词修饰,故选B。考点:考查定语从句的用法。

33.Paul’s uncle is the man taught us Chinese last year.

A.where B.which C.who

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:保罗的叔叔是那个去年教我们中文的人。本题考查定语从句的用法,根据先行词是人,可知关系词用who。故选C。

考点:考查定语从句的关系词。

34.(河南省2015年中考英语试题)—Why don’t you like fishing?

—Fishing is a hobby needs much patience, but I’m not patient at all.

A.who B.that C.it D.what

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——你为什么不喜欢钓鱼?——钓鱼的爱好需要很大的耐心,但我根本没有耐心。考查定语从句的用法。who谁;that那;it它;what什么。先行词a hobby是物,在定语从句中作主语,可知用关系代词that或which引导此定语从句,结合选项可知选B。

35.“Underground” is the only word in the English language _____ begins and ends with the letters “und”.

A.what B.that C.who D.whom

【答案】B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

试题分析:句意:在英语中“underground”是唯一一个开头和结尾都用字母组合“und”的单词。此处先行词word有不定代词the only来修饰,故用关系代词that来引导。故选B。

36.On Monday April 15, 2019, the fire_______broke out in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the world.

A.that B.who C.where

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

句意:2019年4月15日,周一,巴黎圣母院发生的大火震惊了全世界。

A. that先行词是人或物,

B. who先行词是人;

C. where先行词是地点名词。本句先行词是fire,指物,在定语从句中作主语,关系代词用which/that。故答案为A。

【点睛】

在定语从句中,关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1) who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

37.—Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth(流浪地球) ?

—Yes. It's the best one I have ever seen.

A.that B.which C.what D.it

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——你看过《流浪地球》这部电影吗?——这是我看到过的电影中最好的一部。

此句考查定语从句的关联词,that/which可以引导定语从句,what,it不能引导定语从句,首先排除C,D;先行词是不定代词one,前面被形容词的最高级best修饰,引导词只能用that不能用which,故答案为A.

【点睛】

引导定语从句的关系代词有:that(指人或物),which(指物),who(指人)。指人时可用that或who,指物时可用that或which,但有时只能用that不能用which。常见的情况有下列五种:

当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时。例如:

Is there anything that I can do for you? 有什么可以为你做的吗?

All that can be done must be done.凡是能做的都必须做。

当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如:

That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。

The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。

当先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。例如:

My necklace is not the only thing that's missing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。

当主句以who或which开头时,定语从句中引导词用that,不用which或who。以避免重复。例如:

Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁?

)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that不用which。例如:

The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。

38.Sweet wormwood(青蒿)is a common plant in China and Tu Youyou is the woman

_________used the special power of the plant to save __________lives.

A.which, millions of B.who, millions of

C.whose, million of D.who, million of

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:青蒿是中国常见的一种植物,而屠呦呦是利用这种植物的特殊力量拯救数百万人生

命的女人。考查定语从句的关系代词和数词短语。本句先行词the woman是人,关系词在定语从句中做主语,可知使用关系代词who;短语millions of:数以百万的;故选B。

39.This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday.

A.which B.what C.whose D.whom

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

句意:这是那本母亲给我作为生日礼物的字典。这里是定语从句,先行词是为物时用which;what不能引导定语从句;先行词指人时用who;当先行词为物主代词时用whose。本题先行词为dictionary,字典是物,所以用关系词which。故选A。

40.Have you found the information about famous scientists you can use for the report?

A.where B.which C.what D.who

【答案】B

【解析】

句意:你找到了你在报告中可以使用的关于那些著名科学家的信息了吗?where在哪里,表示地点;which引导定语从句,先行词应该是物;what什么,不能引导定语从句;who 引导定语从句,先行词是人。这里考查的是定语从句,先行词并不是空前的famous scientists,而是the information,指代的是物,故应选B。

句子结构与成分易错大盘点

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句子成分与结构

句子成分与结构 一、主语 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 二、谓语 1、简单谓语 He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 2、复合谓语 (1)You may keep the book for two weeks. (2)Do you speak English? They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold. (3)We are students. 三、表语 1.His job is to teach English. 2.His hobby is playing football. 3. The speech is exciting. 4. The truth is that he has never been abroad. 四、宾语 1.He is doing his homework. 2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 5.He pretended not to see me. 6.I enjoy listening to popular music. 7.I think(that)he is fit for his office. 五、宾补 1.His father named him Xiaoming. 2.They painted their boat white. 3.Let the fresh air in. 4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. 5.We saw her entering the room. 6.We found everything in the lab in good order. 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. 六、定语 1.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.

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句子成分分析 (一)知识要点 1什么是句子 句子是由词或词组构成的,是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气,句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。我们今天要研究的是单句,要给它划分成分。 2.句子成分的名称及符号 名称:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 符号:主语= 谓语—宾 语? 定语()状语[ ] 补语< > ①句子的基本成分是:主语、谓语、宾语。 补充成分是:定语、状语、补语。 ②主语部分和谓语部分之间可用II划开。 3.(1)划分句子成分,首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。 主语:是谓语陈述的对象,指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事 物”。 谓语:是陈述主语,说明主语的,说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。 宾语:在动词后面,表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物,回答“谁”或“什么” 一类问题。 句子一般有两种情况:写人、写物(写事、写物)。分析句子时,首先判断是人”还是“写物”。 ①.写人格式:“谁”+ “干什 么” (主语) (谓 语) (宾语) 例:杨亚II写字 主谓宾 注意:处理复杂的单句时,要抓主干。 例:一中的杨亚丨在课桌上写着毛笔 字。 主谓宾②.写物 格式:“什么事”或“什么物” + “怎么样”

(主语)(谓语、宾语) 例:猫II捉鱼 主谓宾 例:一只小猫II在盆边捉了一条大鱼 主谓宾 注意:“是”为典型的动词,一般是“谓语”。 例如:他II是学生 主谓宾 (2).划分句子成分,还要抓住枝干(定语、状语、补语)定语:在句子中起着修饰、限制主语或宾语中心语的作用。 状语:修饰、限制谓语中心语,一般在谓语中心语前面,有的在句子最前面,交待时间、地点、范围、情况等。 补语:对谓语中心语起补充说明作用,一般放在谓语中心语之后。 例:画眉唱歌 这是一个把主语中心语、谓语中心语、宾语中心语单提出的句子。原句是“两只美丽的画眉高兴地唱一首歌。” ①?(两只美丽的)画眉 “两只美丽”是“画眉”--主语中心语的修饰部分,叫“定语”。 ②.[高兴]地唱 谓语中心语“唱”前边的修饰、限制成分--“高兴”为“状语”。 ③.(一首)歌 宾语中心语“歌”前的修饰、限制部分--“一首”为“定语”。 ④?歌唱得v好〉 修饰、限制谓语中心语“唱”,并放在它后面的部分--“好”为“补语”。 4?划分句子的口诀: (1)句子成分要划对,(2)纵观全局找主 谓。(3)主前定状谓后补,(4)谓前只有状地位。(5)“的”定“地”状“得”后补,(6)宾语只受谓支配。 示例及练习部分 划分句子成分练习 1、鲁班是我国古代春秋时期一位著名的建筑工匠。 答案:(鲁班)主语(是)谓语(我国古代春秋时期一位著名的建筑)定语(工匠)宾语。

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

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初中语文句子成分分析三图教你看懂句子结构

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主语“”标注,谓语“__”标注,宾语“波浪线”标注;定语“()”标注,状语“【】”标注,补语“< >”标注。 下面我们进行一一分析: 一、主语 多表示人或事物,是句子里被陈述的对象,在句首能回答“谁”或者“什么”等问题。可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。例如:(1)今天晚上‖特别冷。 主语(偏正短语)谓语 (2) [明天这个时候],我们‖就可以走出戈壁滩了。 状语(时间)主语(代词)谓语 以动作、性状或事情做陈述的对象的主语句。例如: (1)笑‖是具有多重意义的语言。 主语(动词)谓语 (2)公正廉洁‖是公职人员行为的准则。 主语(形容词联合短语)谓语 二、谓语

是用来陈述主语的,能回答主语“怎么样”或“是什么”等问题。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。 (1)动词性词语经常做谓语。例如: 他‖[只]答应了<一声>。 主语谓语(状语+动词+补语) 南海一中‖留下<过>(许多人)的梦。 主语谓语(动词+补语+定语+宾语) 我‖[最近]去<了><一趟>北京。 主语谓语(状+动+补+宾) (2)形容词性词语也经常做谓语。例如:太阳‖热烘烘的。 主语谓语(形容词+的) 人参这种植物,‖娇嫩<极了>。 主语谓语(形容词+补语) 说话‖[要]简洁<些>。 主语谓语(状语+形容词+补语) (3)主谓短语做谓语。例如: 这件事‖大家都赞成。

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【关键字】英语、情况、条件、会议、计划、主动、继续、健康、持续、保持、需要、方式、作用、结构、分析、衔接、引导、关心、主动性 句子成分 一.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 1.请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么(词,短语或句子)可以充当主语。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 常见错误分析 2:动词及其短语在作句子的主语时,只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作,-ing 强调经常发生的动作。 改错:1.play computer games does no good to us. 2.Have a walk in the street is her hobby. 3.Go home at once is his decision 4.Make more friends will do good to us. 5.I’m like computer very much. 6.The story was happening the year before last. 二.宾语: 1.动作的承受者-----动宾 请找出下列句子的宾语并指出什么可以充当宾语。 I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词) How many do you need? We need two. (数词) I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句) 2.介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake/me/fighting? 3.双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. 常见错误分析 1:介词后跟宾语时,必须为:名词、代词、ing 或wh型的连接词引导的从句。 改错:①I am fond of play basketball. ②He’s cra zy about read story books. ③I am sorry for late. ④I felt terribly sad for absent from class. 2:动词及其短语在作句子的主语或宾语时,只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作,-ing 强调经常发生的

句子结构和成分分析

句子结构及成分 ①相关概念 1.词性的英文缩写 在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。 缩写字母原词代表词性 n. noun 名词 v. verb 动词 vt.transitive verb 及物动词 vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词 aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词 adj.adjective 形容词 adv.adverb 副词 num. numeral 数词 interj. interjection 感叹词 pron. pronoun 代词 prep.preposition 介词 art. article 冠词 conj conjunction 连词 2.及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。 实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。 The door opened. (open后面没跟宾语,此时,open是不及物动词。) He opened the door. (open后面有宾语the door, 此时,open是及物动词。) 注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。 有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义相同。如: The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> 有(答疑qq 329950885)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,但词义不同。如: The man walked away. (walk不及物动词,意为“走”) He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词,“遛”) She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词,“洗”) The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词,“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物,可能与汉语不同。He listens to the music every day. (listen为不及物动词,而汉语中“听”是及物动词。) 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,及物动词填vt.,不及物填vi.。 考点1.Most birds can fly.() 考点2.The children are flying kites in the park. ( ) 考点3.It happened yesterday.() 考点4.My watch stopped.() 考点5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( ) 考点6.She spoke at the meeting this morning. ()考点7.Shall I begin at once?() 考点8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.()() 考点9.When did they leave Beijing?() 考点10.They left last week. () 3.实义动词、助动词与情态动词 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。 实义动词 指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。 如: He lives quite near. (live“住”,有明确的意义,单独作谓语,为实义动词。) I like reading. (like “喜欢”,意思明确,单独作谓 语,为实义动词。) I bought a pen yesterday. (bought “买”,意义明确, 单独作谓语,为实义动词。) 助动词 助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。因此,助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能单独作谓语。 帮助构成时态的: The boy is crying.(is 用来帮助构成现在进行时,和crying一起作谓语,是助动词。) He has arrived. (has用来帮助构成现在完成时,和arrived一起作谓语,是助动词。) I have been painting all day. (have been用来帮助构成

(完整word版)句子成分及句子结构

句子结构及成分 1.及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。 The door opened. He opened the door. The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,及物动词填vt.,不及物填vi.。 考点1.Most birds can fly.() 考点2.The children are flying kites in the park. ( ) 考点3.It happened yesterday.() 考点4.My watch stopped.() 考点5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( ) 考点6.She spoke at the meeting this morning. () 考点7.Shall I begin at once?() 考点8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.()() 考点9.When did they leave Beijing?() 考点10.They left last week. () 2.实义动词、助动词与情态动词 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。 实义动词 指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如: He lives quite near. (live“住”,有明确的意义,单独作谓语,为实义动词。) I like reading. (like “喜欢”,意思明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词。) I bought a pen yesterday. (bought “买”,意义明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词。) 助动词 助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。因此,助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能单独作谓语。 帮助构成时态的: The boy is crying.He has arrived. I have been painting all day. Does he like English?

句子结构及成分

基础知识 目录 1.词性的英文缩写 2.及物动词和不及物动词 3. 实义动词、助动词、情态动词和连系动词 4. 句子成分 5. 简单句的五种基本结构 6. 谓语和非谓语 7. 主动关系和被动关系 8. 逻辑上的主谓关系 9. 复合结构 10.简单句、并列句和复合句 1.词性的英文缩写 在英语学习中掌握单词词性非常重要。如果记单词时只记拼写、读音而不记词性,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。 缩写字母原词代表词性 n. noun 名词 v. verb 动词 vt.transitive verb 及物动词 vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词 modal v. modal verb 情态动词 aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词 adj.adjective 形容词 adv.adverb 副词 num. numeral 数词 interj. interjection 感叹词 pron. pronoun 代词 prep.preposition 介词 art. article 冠词 conj conjunction 连词 2.及物动词和不及物动词 (1)实义动词后跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时,这个动词是不及物动词。The door opened. (open后面没跟宾语,open是vi)

He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, open是vt) 注:动词是及物还是不,关键看它在句中时后面是否跟宾语。 (2)有些动词既可作vt又可作vi,词义相同。 The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> (3)有些动词既可作vt又可作vi,但词义不同。 The man walked away. (walk vi,意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk vt,“遛”) She washes clothes at home. (wash vt,“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash vi,“耐洗”) (4)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物,可能与汉语不同。 He listens to the music every day. (listen为vi,汉语中“听”是vt。) 3.实义动词、助动词、情态动词和连系动词 (1)实义动词也叫行为动词。 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。指意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。 He lives quite near. (live“住”,有明确意义,单独作谓语,为实义动词。) I like reading. (like “喜欢”,意思明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词。) I bought a pen yesterday. (bought “买”,意义明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词。) (2)助动词常见助动词为do, be, have,它们为基本助动词。 助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。是帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强 调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能单独作谓语。 A.帮助构成时态 The boy is crying.(is帮助构成现在进行时,和crying一起作谓语,是助动词。) He has arrived. (has帮助构成现在完成时,和arrived一起作谓语,是助动词。) I have been painting all day.(have been帮助构成现在完成进行时,和painting一起作谓语,都是助动词。)B.帮助构成否定句和疑问句 Does he like English? (does帮助构成一般疑问句,没有具体意义,是助动词。) He does n’t have lunch at home. (does只是帮助构成否定句,没有具体意义,是助动词。) C.帮助构成被动语态 Trees are planted in spring. (are帮助构成被动语态,没有具体意义,是助动词。) The house has been pulled down. (has been帮助构成时态和语态,是助动词。) D.帮助构成虚拟语气 If he had come yesterday, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.(had, have帮助构成虚拟语气,是助动词, 属于谓语的一部分) E.帮助构成倒装句

英语句子成分、句子结构讲解及练习

主语(subject ): 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It 形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 谓语(predicate ): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语(predicative ): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don ’t look it. (代词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To wear a flower is to say “I ’m poor, I can ’t buy a ring. (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句) (常见的系动词有: be, sound (听起来), look (看起来), feel(摸起来,smell (闻起来), taste (尝、吃起来), remain (保持,仍是), feel (感觉) ... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语: 1)动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词) How many do you need We need two. (数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said (宾语从句) 2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3) 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn ’t come here. (名) We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) Don ’t let him do that. (省to 不定式) His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to 不定式) Don ’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词) I ’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词) 主补:对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词) We belong to the third world. (数词) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词) The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词) The trees planted last year are growing well now.过分 I have an idea to do it well.(不定式) You should do everything that I do.(定语从句)

句子成分和句子结构

句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语.谓语.表语.宾语.宾语补足语.定语.状语等。顺序一般是主语,谓语.宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词.代词.数词.不定式等充当。 He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。 一般可分为两类: 1)简单谓语: 由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。 We study for the people.我们为人民学习。 My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。 2)复合谓语:情态动词+动词 I can speak a little English.我可以说一点英语。 3、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。 We like English.我们喜欢英语。 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如: We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。 4、表语 表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于连系动词(be, become, appear, seem 等)之后。 Africa is a big continent.非洲是个大洲。 I feel much better today.我今天感觉好多了。 5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。 He is a new student.他是个新生。 但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room is mine.房间里的自行车是我的。 6、状语 修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past.我父母经常给我们讲他们过去的苦难

句子成分分析(学生版)

——句子成分的分析 the book on the desk (课桌上的那本书) 介词短语在这里是作定语修饰book,课桌上(on the desk)上的那本书,不是房间里的、凳子上的等等. 那么经常作定语的有哪些呢主要有:形容词、介词短语、冠词、代词(比如:his book 中his 是来作定语来修饰book的)数词。其中,形容词、介词短语作定语最常见,而且要注意其位置,形容词作定语一般在修饰词之前(前置定语),介词短语一般在修饰词之后(后置定语),你可以参见上面的例句。 现在来试试身手,请找出下面各句中所有的定语,并指出是由什么充当的定语。 1、The little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。 2、Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 3、 His boy needs Tom's pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 4、There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。 5、The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 6、The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 7、There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。 到此为止,我们把绝大部分句子成分已经侃完(只剩下一个句子成分-----同位语,没介绍,感兴趣的同学可查阅有关资料),下面我们主要侃一侃在句子分析实践过程中我们可能常遇到的疑难问题。 1)是状语还是定语区别是定语还是状语关键是看修饰什么词的,一般来讲,定语是来修饰名词或代词的,状语是来修饰谓语动词的。例如; I like the book on the desk . 你说这里的划线部分on the desk 是作定语的还是作状语的呢显然,是作定语的,因为如果是作状语的,那么就是来修饰动词like的,他在课桌上喜欢那本书,显然讲不通。也就是说到底是定语还是状语一是根据它修饰的词二是根据句子意思看能否讲的通。

句子结构与成分过关测试

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基本句型: 所谓基本句型就是句子结构的基本“格局”,也就是千变万化的句子结构的雏形。正是这种有限的分句结构雏形及其转化形式,能够衍生出无限的实际使用中的句子。现代英语的基本句型有五种:1.主—动—补(SVC)结构:在SVC结构中,谓语动词通常是连系动词(linking verb)be的各种形式。 S: subject 主语V: verb 谓语动词C: complement 补语 例句: That car is mine. She is in good health. My brother has become an engineer(工程师). These flowers smell (are) fragrant(芳香的). All the tourists (游客) seemed pleased. 2. 主—动(SV)结构:在SV结构中,谓语动词通常是不及物动词(intransitive verb)。 例句: Iron rusts (生锈).You suck! Everything sucks! Everybody laughed. The guests have arrived. Prices (价格) are going down. The children are sleeping.

3. 主—动—宾(SVO)结构 O: object 宾语 在SVO结构中,谓语动词通常是及物动词(transitive verb),随后必须跟宾语,带一个宾语的及物动词又叫做“单宾语及物动词”。 例句: I want a return ticket (返程票). Liverpool(利物浦队) 【S】won 【V】the game【O】. Nobody could answer the question. The train is building up speed (加速). The plane (飞机) is losing altitude (降低高度). 4.主—动—宾—宾(SVoO)结构deny sb sth. 在SVoO结构中,及物动词之后必须跟两个宾语(间接宾语和直接宾语),这种动词又叫做“双宾语及物动词”。 o: 间接宾语(一般指人)O:直接宾语(一般指物)例句: I gave you a book. (I gave a book to you) I sent him a telegram (电报). (I sent a telegram to him) Mary lent (出借) me her car. (Mary lent her car to me) David showed (展示,出示,指出) me the way. (David showed the way to/for me.) Someone left you this note (字条,便条). (Someone left this note to you.) I made myself a cup of tea. (I made a cup of tea for myself)

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