《植物病虫害防治》课后习题及答案 (2)

《植物病虫害防治》课后习题及答案 (2)
《植物病虫害防治》课后习题及答案 (2)

东北农业大学网络教育学院

植物病虫害防治作业题

植物病理学部分

第一章绪论

一、名词解释

1、植物病害:植物在生长发育、储藏运输过程中,在一定外界环境影响下,受到病原生物或非生物的持续干扰,超越了它能忍受的范围,致使在生理上、组织上、及形态上发生一系列的变化,生长发育不正常,表现出一些特有的外部症状及内部病理变化,病因此造成产量下降、质量变坏、颗粒无收,降低了对人类的经济价值。

2、病状 :植物生病后的不正常表现。

3、病症:病原物在植物发病部位形成的有一定特点的结构。

4、病害三角:需要有病原生物、寄主植物与一定的环境条件三者配合才能引起病害的观点,就称为“病害三角”。

5、侵染性病害:生物侵染引起的病害。

6、非侵染性病害:非生物因素导致的病害称。

二、填空

1、引起病害的病原种类很多,依据性质不同分为( )( )两大类。

2、根据病原生物的类别侵染性病害分为( )( )( )( )( )等。

3、植物病害的病状分为( )( )( )( )( )五大类型。

4、植物病害的病征分为( )( )( )( )( )五种类型。

5、( )( )( )构成病害发生的三要素。

6、植物侵染性病害由( )侵染引起,非侵染性病害由( ) 引起。

7、植物病害症状包括( )与( )。

8、1945年,爱尔兰由于( )病大流行,而使欧洲以马铃薯为主食的地区饿死100万人,200万人逃亡海外,这称为爱尔兰饥荒。

9、按照传播方式,植物病害可以可以分为( )( )( )( )等。

1、侵染性病害、非侵染性病害

2、真菌病害、细菌病害、病毒病害、线虫病害、寄生性植物病害

3、变色、坏死、腐烂、萎蔫、畸形

4、霉状物、粉状物、点状物、颗粒状物、脓状物

5、寄主、病原、环境条件

6、生物因素、非生物因素

7、病症、病状

8、马铃薯晚疫病

9、气传病害、种苗传播病害、土传病害、虫传病害

三、选择

1、植物细菌病害的病症就是( )。a、脓状物b、霉状物c、粉状物d、颗粒状物

2、属于非侵染性病害的就是( )。a、霜霉病b、晚疫病c、猝倒病d、缺素症

3、引起植物非侵染性病害的因素有( )。a、缺素症b、高温c、病原菌d、遗传因素

4、引起植物侵染性病害的因素有( )。a、缺素症b、真菌c、线虫d、原核生物

5、植物生病后表现下列病症,( )就是真菌性病害的病症。

a、霉状物

b、粉状物

c、脓状物

d、颗粒状物

6、( )就是植物病害的病状。a、霉状物b、坏死c、脓状物d、腐烂

7、、属于侵染性病害的就是( )。a、霜霉病b、晚疫病c、猝倒病d、缺素症

8、( )就是植物病害的病症。a、霉状物b、坏死c、脓状物d、腐烂

1、a

2、d

3、a b d

4、b c d

5、a b d

6、b d

7、a b c

8、a c

四、判断对错

1、病害的三角关系指病原、植物与环境条件之间的关系。( )

2、植物病害引起的萎蔫可以恢复。( )

3、植物病毒病没有病症。( )

4、非侵染性病害无病症,侵染性病害都有病症。( )

5、环境条件不仅本身可以引起非侵染性病害,同时又就是传染性病害的重要诱因。( )

6、病症就是植物生病后的不正常表现。( )

7、脓状物就是细菌性病害的特有病症。( )

8、霉状物、粉状物等就是真菌性病害的病症。( )

1、√

2、×

3、√

4、×

5、√

6、×

7、×

8、√

五、简答题

1、简析病害三要素之间的关系。

病原生物、寄主植物与环境条件为病害的三要素。植物病害发生需要有三者互相配合。环境条件不仅本身可引起非传染性病害,同时又就是传染性病害的重要诱因,非传染性病害降低寄主植物的抗病性,促进传染性病害的发生。二者相互促进,往往导致病害加重。

2、什么就是病症与病状?都包括哪些类型?

病状:植物生病后的不正常表现。

病症:病原物在植物发病部位形成的有一定特点的结构。

植物病害的病状分为变色、坏死、腐烂、萎蔫、畸形五大类型。

植物病害的病征分为霉状物、粉状物点状物、点状物、颗粒状物、脓状物五种类型。

六、论述题

1、什么就是侵染性病害与非侵染性病害?各由哪些因素引起?

答:侵染性病害由生物侵染引起,其特点就是植物个体间可以互相传染。按病原生物种类不同,还可进一步分为:(1)由真菌侵染引起的真菌病害,如稻瘟病;

(2)由细菌侵染引起的细菌病害,如大白菜软腐病;

(3)由病毒侵染引起的病毒病害,如烟草花叶病;

(4)由寄生植物侵染引起的寄生植物病害,如苑丝子;

(5)由线虫侵染引起的线虫病害,如大豆胞囊线虫;

非侵染性病害:非生物的致病因素能使植物发生一系列的病理变化,并表现出有一定特性的症状,这些病害不能传染,没有侵染过程。按病因不同,还可分为:

(1)植物自身遗传因子或先天性缺陷引起的遗传性病害或生理病害;

(2)物理因素恶化所致病害:(1)大气温度的过高或过低引起的灼伤与冻害;

(2)大气物理现象造成的伤害,如风、雨、雷电、雹害等;

(3)大气与土壤水分与温度过多与过少,如旱、涝、渍害等。

(3)化学因素恶化所致病害:(1)肥料元素供应的过多或不足,如缺素症;

(2)大气与土壤中有毒物质的污染与毒害;

(3)农药及化学制品使用不当造成的药害;

(4)农事操作或栽培措施不当所致病害,如密度过大、播种过早或过迟、杂草过多等造成苗瘦发黄与矮化以及不实等各种病态。

2、植物病害可以出现哪些症状?病状与病症有什么区别?

答:植物病害的病状分为变色、坏死、腐烂、萎蔫、畸形五大类型。

病症:植物病害的病征分为霉状物、粉状物点状物、点状物、颗粒状物、脓状物五种类型。

病状:植物生病后的不正常表现。

病症:病原物在植物发病部位形成的有一定特点的结构。

3、如何诊断非侵染性病害?

病害不能传染。从病植物上瞧不到任何病征。往往大面积同时发生同一症状的病害;没有逐步传染扩散的现象等。

4、如何诊断侵染性病害?

生物侵染引起的病害,其特点就是植物个体间可以互相传染。从病植物上通常可以瞧到病征。病害有逐步传染扩散的现象等。

5、什么就是植物病害?您知道哪些植物病害?它们就是怎么发生的?

植物病害 :植物在生长发育、储藏运输过程中,在一定外界环境影响下,受到病原生物或非生物的持续干扰,超越了它能忍受的范围,致使在生理上、组织上、及形态上发生一系列的变化,生长发育不正常,表现出一些特有的外部症状及内部病理变化,病因此造成产量下降、质量变坏、颗粒无收,降低了对人类的经济价值。

(1)由真菌侵染引起的真菌病害,如稻瘟病;

(2)由细菌侵染引起的细菌病害,如大白菜软腐病;

(3)由病毒侵染引起的病毒病害,如烟草花叶病;

(4)由寄生植物侵染引起的寄生植物病害,如苑丝子;

(5)由线虫侵染引起的线虫病害,如大豆胞囊线虫;

第二章植物病原真菌

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Unit 1 III 1 beneath 2 disguised 3 whistles 4 restrain 5 grasp 6 longing 7 praying 8 faithful 9 pledge 10 drain IV 1 tell … on you 2 track down 3 work it out 4 picking on me 5 reckoned with 6 call on 7 on his own 8 get through 9 in disguise 10 revolves around V.. G O D I K L B F A N VI 1 advise 2 level 3 problems 4 necessity 5 skills 6 experience 7 solution 8 value 9 tool 10 manner VII 1 air-conditioned( 装空调的;有冷气的) 2 handmade (手工制作的) 3 thunderstruck (非 常吃惊的) 4 heartfelt (衷心的;诚挚的) 5 data-based (基于数据的) 6 self-employe d

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