西方文化概述练习题目ck答案

西方文化概述练习题目ck答案
西方文化概述练习题目ck答案

Chapter 1 Ancient Greek Culture

1.How did Zeus punish Prometheus for stealing fire from him?

【宙斯如何惩罚盗火的普罗米修斯?】P 6

Prometheus was chained to a mountain ,an eagle would devour his liver ,and his liver would grow out the next day before the eagle came to devour it again.

(普罗米修斯被锁链锁在一座山上,他的肝脏被一只鹰吞噬,而他的肝脏又会在第二天,那只鹰来吃之前长出来)

2.What does the phrase “Achilles’ heel” refer to?

【“阿基里斯之踵”指的是什么呢?】P 12

Achilles is the bravest and strongest of the Greek warriors in the Trojan War,and his heel is his only weakness,now use the word Achilles’ heel to describe ones only weakness.

(阿基里是特洛伊战争中一个最勇敢最强壮的战士,后脚跟是他唯一的缺点,现在用这个词来形容一个人唯一的缺点)

3.What is the name of the mountain where the ancient Greeks believed their gods lived?

【古希腊人认为他们的神住在哪座山上?】P 6

Mount Olympia (奥林匹亚山)

4.Who is the god of the underworld?

【阴间的神是谁?】P 8

Hades(哈迪斯——冥王)

5.Which battle in ancient Greece started from the apple of discord?

【古希腊开战的祸根?】P13

The Trojan War(特洛伊战争)

6.What are the primary symbols of the sea god Poseidon?

【海神波塞冬的主要标志?】P 8

His weapon,trident(他的武器,三叉戟)

7.What is the psychological term coined by Sigmund Freud based on the Greek mythological character Oedipus?

【什么心理学词汇是西格蒙德·弗洛伊德根据希腊神话人物俄狄浦斯所创造的?】P 14

Oedipus complex(恋母情结)

8.Who was considered by Aristotle to be the first philosopher in Greek tradition? 【谁是亚里士多德认为的希腊传统上第一位哲♂学家】P 15

Thales(泰利斯)

9. In Greek mythology,Prometheus普罗米修斯made human beings out of clay

(粘上), taught man how to survive in the harsh(严酷的)environment and stole fire from heaven for the benefit of man.

10.Apollo阿波罗is the sun-god and the god of music and poetry.

11. Artemis(阿耳特弥斯), also known as Diana戴安娜, is the goddess of moon, wild animals, the hunt, vegetation, chastity and childbirth.

12. Athena雅典娜is the goddess of war, handicraft and wisdom.

13. Aphrodite阿佛洛狄忒is the goddess of beauty and love, better known by her Roman name Venus维纳斯.

14. Eros is the son of Venus, better known by his Roman name Cupid丘比特_.

15. Hermes赫尔墨斯is the god of thieves(蒂费斯小偷), travelers and merchants. He is often depicted with a pair of winged sandals有翅膀的凉鞋哈哈哈and a winged cap(有翅膀的帽子看上去好傻啊哈哈哈),which enable him to travel swifter than sight. 16. Identify who each of the following descriptions is referring to. P 14-22

1) The greatest of ancient Greek epic poets, he is the author of the 'Iliad' and 'Odyssey'.(这个人是古希腊的伟大诗人,写过《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》)

B.荷马不是河马

2) This philosopher was the teacher of Alexander the Great and set up his own school---named---Lyceum.(这个人担任过亚历山大大帝的老师,还建立了“学会”)

A.亚里士多德

3) For this philosopher everything was related to mathematics and numbers were the ultimate reality. He influenced Plato and discovered a theorem that was named after him.D.毕达哥拉斯_

4) This philosopher was the teacher of Plato and the protagonist of Plato’s dialogues. _E.苏格拉底

5) This philosopher and student of Socrates founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.C.柏拉图

A. Aristotle

B. Homer

C. Plato

D. Pythagoras

E. Socrates

Chapter 3 Food

1.What can the word “salad” mean? And the phrase “salad days”?

【“沙拉”是什么?“沙拉时光”又是什么?】P77

Salad,a mixture of foods,consisting of chopped vegetables,meat,seafood and so on. Salad days, means a youthful time.

(沙拉是一种混合食物,包含了切碎的菜,肉,海鲜之类的;沙拉时光指的是年轻的岁月)

2.When can salad be served during a meal?

【沙拉可以在那一餐上吃呢?】P78

Salads may be served at any point during a meal(沙拉在什么时候都可以吃)3.Can you name some kinds of salad and explain them? What is the difference between green salads and vegetable salads?

【你能举一些沙拉品种的例子并且解释它们吗?绿色沙拉和蔬菜沙拉有什么区别吗?】P78

Side salads,a kind of side dish;Entree salads,as the main dishes.We can add some meat, fish in green salads, but not in vegetables salads.(配菜沙拉,一种配菜;主菜沙拉,充当主菜;我们可以在绿色沙拉里面加鱼加肉,但不在蔬菜沙拉中加)

4.What are salad dressings? What are the three basic types of salad dressing applied in Western culture? Please give some examples of each type.

【沙拉酱是什么?西方文化中的三大主要沙拉酱是什么?请举例】P79

They are sauces for salads.The three basic types of salads dressing are vinaigrette,creamy dressing and cooked dressing.(他们是沙拉的酱汁。三大主要沙拉酱是指醋,奶油酱和烹饪调料)

5.What is a typical cheese making process composed of?

【典型乳酪的制作过程】P81

Preparing the milk,separating the curds from the whey,pressing the curds,aging the cheese,wrapping natural cheese,and making and wrapping the processed cheese.(准备牛奶,从乳清中扩散凝乳,压凝乳,乳酪熟化,包装自然乳酪和制作并包装成品乳酪)

6.What are the eight cheese families?

【八大乳酪家族?】P81

Fresh cheese,Bloomy rind cheese,Natural rind cheese,Blue-veined cheese,Uncooked pressed cheese,Cooked pressed cheese and Processed cheese.(白乳酪,花皮软质奶酪,水洗软质奶酪,压缩未熟奶酪,蓝(青)纹奶酪,压缩成熟奶酪,山羊奶酪和融化奶酪(再制干酪))顺序按百度的资料而定7.When is the National Sandwich Day/Month in America? What is the main purpose of the celebration?【美国的国家三明治日在什么时候?庆祝的主要目的是?】P82

November 3;The main purpose is to call people’s attention to the convenience,versatility and nutrition of sandwiches,(十一月3号;主要目的是让人关注三明治的便捷,多功能和营养)

8.What can the word “spaghetti” mean? And where does the phrase “spaghetti genre (类型)of films” originate from?

【“意大利面”是什么东西?短语“意大利面类型的电影”来自何处?】P84 Spaghetti is one type of pasta that is loved throughout the world.And the phrase “spaghetti genre of films”can be used to describe something that is complicated or tangled. Most of these films were produced and directed by Italians.(意大利面s是意大利面p的一种类型,被全世界热爱。“意大利面类型的电影”这句短语是指错综复杂的电影,这些电影通常由意大利人编导)

9.What can the word “turkey” evoke(唤起)and why?

【“火鸡”这个词是怎么叫开的?为什么?】P85

Images of family, friends celebration and giving thanks since turkey has been associated(相关的)with holidays such as Thanksgiving and Christmas for a long time.(很长一段时间内,在家庭聚会,朋友们庆祝的时候,例如感恩节和圣诞节,都有火鸡的身影)

10.When is the season to for enjoying turkey?

【享用火鸡的季节?】P85

November(十一月)

11.What is the turkey viewed as?

【火鸡被视为什么?】P85

An icon of America and symbol of freedom(美国的图标与自由的象征哈哈哈!火鸡居然是自由的象征哈哈哈!还是美国的图标哈哈哈~~~~~~)

12.What is a full course dinner made up of?

【一个完整的晚餐流程?】P88

Appetizer, main (meat) course and dessert.(开胃菜,主菜和小吃)

13.What is the simple rule to order the wine?

【点酒次序的简单规则?】P88

White wine for white meat such as fish and chicken and red wine for red meat such

as beef.(白酒配白肉,如鱼啊,鸡啊这类;红酒配红肉,如牛肉)

Chapter 4 Customs

I. Birthday(P102)

1. Traditionally, on the day when a baby is born, girls are dressed in pink and boys in blue.(按传统,参加一个孩子的出生日时,女孩穿粉衣服,男孩穿蓝衣服)

2. To celebrate the newly born, the father would use cigars雪茄as gifts in the past, but nowadays, people will choose Tootsie Rolls蛋卷or candy cigars糖果雪茄.

3. Naming ceremonies命名仪式, christenings洗礼, infant

baptisms婴儿洗礼and dedications奉献礼are the main events for the member of the family.

4. On birthday, usually the birthday person cuts the initial(最初的)piece of the cake and gets ____ piece of it.

A. the first √

B. the last

C. the middle

5. As for present giving(礼品赠送), the present is _____.

A. given to the birthday person face-to-face

B. given to the birthday person from the behind

C. held over(推迟)the birthday person’s head.√→p103,第三行

6. Some family celebrations are raucous(喧闹的). Please match the Column A with

B according to their customs.(让A与对应的B匹配)

A. country

B. customs

Canada The friends and family of the birthday

person take him by the arms and legs,

and bump him up into the air and down

onto the floor.

Argentina(阿根廷)The birthday person is punched (穿孔)

according to his age, plus one for good

luck.

UK The birthday person has his earlobes

pulled.

7.Some birthdays mark certain milestone(里程碑)ages. For, a Jewish (犹太)

boy, it is the 13th birthday; for a Jewish girl, it is 12th. For girls in the US may be allowed to _have their ears pierced in honor of their 13th birthday在13岁打耳洞. On their _16th_ birthday, children in America may get_a car of their own.(美国小孩在她们十六岁生日的时候还可能会得到一辆车)8.What are usually used to decorate(装修)the house at birthday party?

【什么在生日会上经常用来装扮房子?】p102

Balloons,streamers and confetti.(气球,飘带和五彩纸屑)

II. Baptism(洗礼/严峻考验)←p104

1.How to baptize, generally speaking【总的来说,如何洗礼?】?

2. As for infant baptism, which of the following statements are true, which are false?

1). Only the parents of the infant come to the rite(仪式/惯例).

2). A golden baptism dress is prepared for the baby.√

3). Photographs and videos(影像资料)are forbidden during the baptism.

4). At the moment of baptism, the priest(牧师)utters (说出)the words “ God bless you, Amen!”√

5). The christening gown(洗礼仪式礼服)may also be handed down form generation to generation if it is well kept.√

6). Catholics(天主教徒,不是巧克力)believe that babies are born in sin(罪).√

7). From the Protestant(新教)view, infant baptism is a promise made by the parents that the parents will raise it in a godly (神圣的)home and bring it to church services.√

III. Courtship and Marriage→p107

A). Courtship(求爱)and engagement(订婚)

1. In the West, when a man and a woman date, _____.

A. the man always pay the bill

B. the woman usually pay her own way during the day.√

2. When should a man pay the bill?

3. If the couple of lovers are going into marriage, the man should make a proposal (建议)by _____ to the woman.

A. giving a house

B. giving a bunch of flowers

C. giving a car

D. giving a ring√

4.Generally speaking, who will declare(声明)the engagement and wedding notice ? The bride’s parents.(新娘的父母将会在订婚和婚礼仪式上进行声

明)

5. Traditionally, the wedding fees should be paid by the bride’s family_.

6. Traditionally, the fees of the rehearsal(彩排)feast(盛宴)and other accessories (配件/辅助程序)should be paid by the groom’s family.(彩排,盛宴和辅

助程序的费用由新郎家出)

7. Traditionally wedding gifts should be _a favorite item to the couple_ and _it should be practial and not expensive_.(传统的新婚礼品应当是新人喜欢的形式,并且要实用且不贵的)

8. At the night before the wedding, the groom-to-be often feted(盛情款待)with a stag(全是男人的)party while the bride-to-be have_hen_party.(在婚礼前一晚,准新郎会被邀请去男人趴体,而准新娘会被邀请去女人趴体)→p108

B). Wedding

1. Modern (现代的)wedding customs and traditions can be dated back to the Middle Ages.(现代婚礼习俗的传统可以追随到中世纪)

2. As for the reason of holding wedding ceremony, there are three explanations. What are they?(关于举行婚礼仪式的三个说明)

Bringing the couple good luck,bring many children,permanent love and lifelong devotion.(好运,孩子,爱和永恒你mb!)不确定

3. For the dressing during the wedding, the traditional custom is Sth old,sth new,sth borrowed,sth blue.不确定

4. Would you please tell us the dressing code(代码/密码)of the bride and groom and their symbolic meaning?(新人礼服的密码和秘密?什么鬼????)

5. Would you please translate the following terms into Chinese?

1). bridesmaids 伴娘2). the best man 最佳人选3). Pages侍候

4). Ushers招待员5). maid of honor伴娘6). Groomsmen伴郎7). the flower girl女花童8). the ringbearer男花童9).juniorbridesmaid初级伴娘

6. Noisy celebrations are held to try to drive the evil spirits away from the community. How do people do usually?

7. Why do bride wear veils in wedding?p109

8. Give 3 examples of practice in a traditional wedding?p109

C). The wedding ceremony

1. Please draw a draft of how to seat correctly during the wedding ceremony.

2. The bride entourage is often composed of ______, ________, ______, and ______ and ______.

3. Please rearrange the following statements and make a correct process of wedding.

1). the bride and groom face a cleric or judge who conducts the service.

2). the usher escorts the grandparents of the bride and groom and seat them, and the mothers of the bride and groom..

3). the bride will enter and take her walk down the aisle wither her father who leads her.

4). the maid or matron of honor will come in.

5). the bridesmaid will enter escorted by the groomsmen.

6). the ring bearer enters, followed by or together with the flower girl.

7). the couple exchanges vows and promises.

8). the couple signs the wedding register.

9). the couple exchange rings.

10). guests throw flower petals, rice, or confetti over the couple.

4. When the couple exchange rings, _____.

A. the bride places the ring on the left hand, the groom the right hand.

B. the bride paces the ring on the right hand, the groom the left hand.

C. bother of them place the rings on the left hand.

5. What’s the symbolic meaning of the ring?

D). Funeral

1. Decide whether the following statements true or false.

1). The place of burial for the Jews could be anywhere they like.

2). Once, the ancient Greeks were buried somewhere in their own town.

3). For the Romans, they didn’t have the habit of building tombs for themselves during their lifetime.

4). In Australia, people would bury the deceased with a wooden plate resting on his chest with a little earth and salt in it.

5). The corpse of Jewish is displayed during the funerals.

6). Meals or gatherings are forbidden after the funerals.

2. What are the three parts of funeral rituals?

3. What’ the burial etiquette mentioned in the passage?

E). Lost Teeth

1. What do children in the west do after they lose their teeth?p105

Chapter 5 Festivals

1. What is the oldest film festival in the world? P142

2. What are the Europe’s leading film festivals? P142

3. What are the awards of each festival? P142-144

When is Mother’s Day and Father’s Day mostly known in US? P135

5.For the festival of “Passover,” what did the Israelites do to let God pass over them to protect the firstborn boys at home?(p.134)

6. Why “Mother’s Day” is named in a singular possessive form, not pl ural? (p.135)

7. What festival in the western culture is synonymous with our Ghost Month of July in Chinese lunar calendar? A: Halloween. (136)

8. When is Halloween?p136

9.What is the popular story about the origin of Valentine’s Day?p133

10. What are the 3 best-known international film festivals in Europe?

11. What kinds of celebrations will be hold during the Easter day? (p.134)

12. What is the history background of Thanksgiving Day? (p.137)

13. How did people celebrate Christmas Day? (p.127-128)

填空题

Traditional western festivals can be vaguely categorized into ________ festival and secular festival. P132

Passover is one of the most significantChristian festivals in remember of the event lord led Israelites to escape from ________ where they were confined as ________. P133

Easter day is the annual festival commemorating the resurrection of ________. P134 Mother’s day originated from an ancient Greek ritual which was to respect the mother of gods, ________. As time goes by, red ________ become the symbol of a living mother while white ones for one’s mother passed away. P135

Father’s day is observed on ________ in the US to compliment fatherhood and male parenting. P 135

Bonfire night is a British festival that takes place on the 5th of November. It originated from a ________ the Gunpowder plot---a group of catholic conspirator aimed to blow up the ________in Westminster, London. P 136

Thanksgiving Day is an American holiday on the ________ of each November. P136 It is the ________ that first celebrated Christmas in 336AD. P137

超星尔中西方文化比较答案题库

可以在微信小程序搜索"西鱼题库"获取完整题库哦~ 1、从文学与审美得角度来瞧,更具有内在得高度得就是。 A、白话诗 B、古体诗 C、现代诗 D、格律诗 正确答案:D 2、在时期,国人对于国粹与西化得排斥态度同时存在。 A、改革开放时期 B、新生活运动时期 C、文革时期 D、五四时期 正确答案:C 3、以下错误描述人对事物得好恶得就是。 A、很多人容易先产生好恶情绪再寻找具体理由 B、人得好恶就是无法被自身控制得 C、对于某种东西得爱好更多来源于自身得自主选择 D、最初得喜好更多地就是冲动 正确答案:B 4、审美递增递减规律得意思就是,对于某种东西得爱好或者逐渐递增,或者逐渐递减,不可能在不同阶段产生不同得趋向。 A、正确

B、错误 正确答案:B 5、文学作品得创作若想要展示创作得独特性,就更要强调摒弃规律与制约。 A、正确 B、错误 正确答案:B 6、辜正坤老师认为,艺术最终应该服务于。 A、精英 B、个人 C、特定人群 D、大众 正确答案:D 可以在微信小程序搜索"西鱼题库"获取完整题库哦~ 7、下列选项中错误描述审美改变得就是。 A、个人、集体乃至国家得审美都就是可以被强行改变得 B、人得喜好就是受传统影响得 C、审美可以在短时间自行改变 D、审美就是可以改变得 正确答案:C 8、长期来瞧,最容易影响人对于事物得喜好。 A、蕴含得意义

B、接触得频率 C、她人得喜好 D、事物得外表 正确答案:B 9、审美活动中,效用递减律与效用递增律同时存在。 A、正确 B、错误 正确答案:A 10、任何文化都有正面与负面得内容,人们若想提高自身得审美水平,可以全盘接受一种负面较少得文化。 A、正确 B、错误 正确答案:B 可以在微信小程序搜索"西鱼题库"获取完整题库哦~ 11、《易经》运用要结合数与。 A、道 B、象 C、规 D、气 正确答案:B 12、村山节与浅井降在《东西方文明深思录》中提出,世界文明得周期为年一转折。

西方文化概论

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1.The word "culture" is most commonly used in three basic senses: Excellence of taste in the fine arts and humanities, also known as high culture. An integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning. The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group. 2.Some historians believe the West originated in the northern and eastern Mediterranean with ancient Greece and ancient Rome. Over time, their associated empires grew first to the east and south, conquering and absorbing many older great civilizations; later, they grew to the north and west to include Western Europe. 3.Western culture is a term used to generally refer to most of the cultures of European origin and most of their descendants. 4.Foundations of Western Culture are: ancient Greece (concretely Greek philosophy), the Roman Empire (specifically Roman law), Catholic and Protestant Christianity. 5.Western culture originates from 2 ancient cultures: Hellenistic culture ( emphasizing rationality)and Hebraic culture (emphasizing virtue & discipline) 6. 3 most noted achievements of ancient Greeks: Mythology; Architecture; philosophy. 7.Greek Mythology, set of diverse traditional tales told by the ancient Greeks about the exploits of gods and heroes and their relations with ordinary mortals. 8.The Greek gods resembled human beings in their form and in their emotions. 9.The Olympians refers to the twelve major gods and godd esses dwelling on Mount Olympus. 10.Zeus is the god of gods, the god of sky, the supreme god, the father of both gods and men. 11.Hermes (Mercury) is god of physicians and thieves; messenger of gods. 12.Apollo is the sun god, the god of music, a god of prophecy. 13.Dionysus is god of wine and ecstasy. 14.Hephaestus is god of fire; celestial blacksmith. 15.Athena is the goddess of war, wisdom and handicraft. 16.Hera is queen of heaven and of the Olympians, the goddess of marriage and family, the protectress of married women and their legal children. 17.Poseid on is the god of sea, the protector of seamen, the god of earthquakes and tsunamis. 18.Had es is god of the und erworl d. 19.Two of the most important of the semi historical myths involve the search for the Golden Fleece and the quest that led to the Trojan War. 20.Aphrodite is the godd ess of l ove and beauty, the protectress of sailors. 21.Heracles is a divine hero, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, stepson of

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?C、 一韵一字,音义象构性强 ?D、 具有规则性,轻重音表语调 我的答案:B 3 中国古代对于官员着装、行为的规定主要是为了()。(0.5分) 0.5分 ?A、 彰显朝廷气度 ?B、 区分官员品级 ?C、 做出表率作用 ?D、 约束官员行为 我的答案:C 4 在年龄较小的人群中适宜采用死记硬背的记忆方法的原因是他们()。(0.5分)0.5分 ?A、

机械记忆能力强 ?B、 理解记忆能力强 ?C、 理性思维能力强 ?D、 感性思维能力强 我的答案:A 5 相较于西方,中文受到语意的影响体现于它更具有()。(0.5分)0.5分 ?A、 哲理性 ?B、 清晰美 ?C、 定义性 ?D、 综合性 我的答案:D 6

属于Saussure所指概念的是()。(0.5分) 0.5分 ?A、 音响形象 ?B、 对应 ?C、 概念 ?D、 符合 我的答案:C 7 辜正坤教授认为,西方人无法彻底理解气功理论的重要原因在于()。(0.5分)0.5分 ?A、 翻译的误区 ?B、 文化的差异 ?C、 体质的差异 ?D、

环境的影响 我的答案:A 8 中国近一千三百年来主要的社会形式是()。(0.5分)0.5分 ?A、 知识分子精英官僚社会 ?B、 家天下谱系官僚社会 ?C、 官僚阶级氏族统治社会 ?D、 家族主义民主共和社会 我的答案:A 9 中国古代政治社会三大制约机制不包括()。(0.5分)0.5分 ?A、 暴力制约机制 ?B、 法律制约机制

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12.麦哲伦船队完成了人类历史上第一次环球旅行,从而证明整个世界,至少 是南半球,在海洋上是相通的。 13.古罗马执政官屋大维使罗马进行了由共和国向帝国的转变。 14.公元前2世纪,罗马帝国亚历山大里亚的科学家托勒密在其著作《天文学 大成》提出“地心说”理论。 15.地理大发现与文艺复兴和宗教改革被称为西方中世纪文化和近代文化之间 的历史分水岭。 16.19世纪末,西方资本主义国家先后完成了第二次工业/产业革命而走向强 盛,英国垄断世界市场的霸主时代结束了。 17.16世纪,葡糖帝萄牙建立了强大的贸易帝国,主要包括南大西洋的蔗国和 印度洋的香料帝国。 18.重商主义是18世纪在欧洲受欢迎的政治经济体制。它建立在这样的信念 上:即一国的国力基于通过贸易顺差所获得的财富。 19.公元18世纪后,势力均衡的国际政治格局使得罗马时代的恺撒帝国在近 代西方完全失去了再生的土壤。 20.“看不见的手”是苏格兰经济学家、哲学家亚当斯密在其经济学著作《国富 论》提出的。 21.古罗马著名诗人维吉尔的史诗《埃涅阿斯记》,以文学形式重新塑造了罗马 的历史,将罗马的起源与荷马史诗中的特洛伊英雄联系在一起。 22.在西罗马帝国灭亡后的1000年时间里,基督教作为一种唯一的意识形态, 对塑造西方文化的基本特征起到了难以估量的重要作用。 23.西欧封建社会的基本经济单元是“小而全”的庄园。

2017尔雅中西文化比较期末考试答案

?《中西文化比较》期末考试(20) 35' 44'' 题量: 100 满分:100.0 截止日期:2017-12-15 23:59 一、单选题 1 《周易·序卦》中自然界的始基不包括()。 ?A、 天地 ? ?B、 阴阳 ? ?C、 男女 ? ?D、 日月 ? 我的答案:D 2

从气候角度来说,中原一带的肥厚土壤主要是受到()的影响。 ?A、 太平洋暖湿气流 ? ?B、 副热带高压带 ? ?C、 西伯利亚冷气流 ? ?D、 温带季风 ? 我的答案:C 3 认为经验是知识的唯一来源的经验主义代表人物是()。 ?A、 笛卡尔 ? ?B、 霍布斯

? ?C、 洛克 ? ?D、 斯宾诺莎 ? 我的答案:C 4 西方产生了帮主制主要是为了约束太强的()。 ?A、 理性主义 ? ?B、 唯物思想 ? ?C、 专制心态 ? ?D、 共和意识 ? 我的答案:C

5 乔姆斯基认为,所有的句子具有()。 ?A、 深层结构和表层结构 ? ?B、 表义结构和表形结构 ? ?C、 文化结构和环境结构 ? ?D、 主观结构和客观结构 ? 我的答案:A 6 第一次农业革命开始于()。 ?A、 第二冰期结束 ? ?B、

第三冰期结束 ? ?C、 第四冰期结束 ? ?D、 第五冰期结束 ? 我的答案:C 7 地球上环境变迁最敏感的地带位于()之间。 ?A、 北纬30°-40° ? ?B、 南纬30°-40° ? ?C、 北纬40°-50° ? ?D、 南纬40°-50° ?

我的答案:A 8 索绪尔的()主要强调的是从静态的角度去研究语言的变化。 ?A、 历时语言学 ? ?B、 短暂语言学 ? ?C、 共时语言学 ? ?D、 纵向语言学 ? 我的答案:C 9 关于阴谋诡计,说法正确的是()。 ?A、 中国不存在大量阴谋诡计的现象 ?

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1.Western culture originates from two ancient cultures, _____________culture and _____________ culture. 2.Western culture is a term used to generally refer to most of the cultures of _____________origin and most of their descendants. 3.The foundations of Western Culture are _____________, _____________ and Catholic and Protestant Christianity. 4.Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are 3 great ancient Greek philosophers, _____________ is Plato’s mentor, _____________ is Plato’s student. 5.Western culture originates from the Hebraic-Christian culture that is undoubtedly embodied in and founded upon the _____________. 6.Christianity was the inheritor and the reformer of _____________. 7._____________is the collection of books written prior to the life of Jesus but accepted by Christians as scripture. 8.The Torah, or “Instruction”, is also known as the “Five Books” of _____________. 9.Christianity is a _____________ religion centered on the life and teachings of _____________ as presented in the New Testament. 10.Adherents of Christianity, known as Christians, believe that Jesus is the only begotten _____________ and _____________ (Christ) prophesied in the Hebrew Bible. 11.Christian theology claims that Jesus Christ is a_____________, the model of a _____________, the _____________of God, as well as an _____________of God, and most importantly _____________ of humanity who suffered, died, and was resurrected to bring about salvation from _____________. 12.Christians maintain that Jesus ascended into heaven, and most denominations teach that Jesus will return to judge _____________ and _____________, granting everlasting life to his _____________. 13.Christians call the message of Jesus Christ the _____________. 14.Following the Age of Discovery, through_____________and _____________, Christianity spread to the Americas and the rest of the world. 15.Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization at least since the _____________ century. 16.As of the early 21st century, Christianity has between 1.5 billion and 2.1 billion adherents, representing about _____________the world’s population and is the world’s largest religion. 17.Most Christian groups see God as the _____________ who created the

西方文化概论填空题(必考知识点)

填空题 1.希腊神话中的美神是(阿佛洛狄忒),她在罗马神话中被称为(维纳斯)希腊神话中的三代神王分别是(乌兰诺斯)、(克洛诺斯)、(宙斯),希腊神话中的智慧女神是(雅典娜),美神是(阿佛洛狄忒),酒神是(狄奥尼索斯)2.关于希腊神话与传说的最著名的史诗是荷马的(伊利亚特)和(奥德修记),而对众神谱系进行系统性梳理的则是赫西俄德的(神谱) 希腊神话主要是(地中海)世界神话与北方印欧语世界神话融合的结果,在“黑暗时代“末期杂乱无章的希腊神话传说进行编撰整理工作的两位重要人物是荷马和(赫西俄德)希腊悲剧的命运主题典型地表现在(俄狄浦斯)杀父娶母的悲剧故事中。在希腊神话中,真正具有形而上学意义的决定性力量是潜藏在诸神背后的(命运) 3 以克洛诺斯为首的老一辈神族是(提坦)神族,以宙斯为首的新一代希腊神族是(奥林匹斯)神族;与希腊正统宗教相对立的希腊民间神秘祭叫做(奥尔弗斯)。4.西方的历史之父是(希罗多德),悲剧之父是(埃斯库罗斯),哲学之父是(泰勒斯),雅典民主制的杰出领袖是(伯里克利) 希腊最杰出的唯心主义哲学家是(柏拉图)。他的哲学体系通常被称为(理念论)/希腊最主要的唯物主义哲学家是(泰勒斯),他的哲学体系通常被称作(水本原说);希腊哲学和科学思想的集大成者是(亚里士多德)。 雅典民主制的杰出领袖是(伯里克利),在希腊城邦时期因其思想的超越性而殉道、并且成为后来整个西方文化的“圣人”的是(苏格拉底) < 希腊宗教的基本特点主要表现为直观的自然崇拜和明朗的感觉主义,而整个希腊文化的个性特征就是(和谐之美) 与奥林匹斯神话相对应的希腊民间神秘祭叫做(奥尔弗斯) 柏拉图之后,对基督教神学思想影响最大的两个非基督教哲学家是(普罗提诺)和(斯多葛) 柏拉图关于(理念世界)与感觉世界二远对立的思想成为基督教神学的重要理论来源。 西方教会的著名教父(奥古斯丁)在《上帝之城》一书中为基督教的灵肉对立思想和修道运动奠定了理论基础。 在罗马的早期扩张中,罗马与它在地中海地区的头号劲敌(迦太基)进行了三次艰苦的战争,这些战争被称为(布匿)战争。 5.罗马历史上的“前三头同盟”是指(克拉苏)、(庞培)和(恺撒)为了共同对抗元老院而缔结的政治同盟。 《 罗马历史上的“后三头同盟“是指(屋大维)、(安东尼)和(雷必达)之间的同盟。 6.《圣经》中的“旧约”是指(摩西)在西乃上上代表全体犹太人与上帝订立的和约;“新约”则是指(耶稣)在十字架上代表全人类与上帝订立的和约。弥赛亚运动的末世论到(救赎说)的发展,是基督教最终摆脱犹太教而成为一种世界性宗教的重要标志。

超星尔中西方文化比较答案题库

1. 从文学和审美的角度来看,更具有内在的高度的是() A. 白话诗 B. 古体诗 C. 现代诗 D. 格律诗 正确答案:D 2. 在()时期,国人对于国粹和西化的排斥态度同时存在。 A. 改革开放时期 B. 新生活运动时期 C. 文革时期 D. 五四时期 正确答案:C 3. 以下错误描述人对事物的好恶的是()。 A. 很多人容易先产生好恶情绪再寻找具体理由 B. 人的好恶是无法被自身控制的 C. 对于某种东西的爱好更多来源于自身的自主选择 D. 最初的喜好更多地是冲动 正确答案:B

4. 审美递增递减规律的意思是,对于某种东西的爱好或者逐渐递增, 或者逐渐递减,不可能在不同阶段产生不同的趋向。() A. 正确 B. 错误 正确答案:B 5. 文学作品的创作若想要展示创作的独特性,就更要强调摒弃规律与制约。() A. 正确 B. 错误 正确答案:B 6. 辜正坤老师认为,艺术最终应该服务于()。 A. 精英 B. 个人 C. 特定人群 D. 大众 正确答案:D 可以在微信小程序搜索"西鱼题库"获取完整题库哦~

7. 下列选项中错误描述审美改变的是()。 A. 个人、集体乃至国家的审美都是可以被强行改变的 B. 人的喜好是受传统影响的 C. 审美可以在短时间自行改变 D. 审美是可以改变的 正确答案:C 8. 长期来看,()最容易影响人对于事物的喜好。 A. 蕴含的意义 B. 接触的频率 C. 他人的喜好 D. 事物的外表 正确答案:B 9. 审美活动中,效用递减律与效用递增律同时存在。() A. 正确 B. 错误 正确答案:A 10. 任何文化都有正面和负面的内容,人们若想提高自身的审美水平, 可以全盘接受一种负面较少的文化。()

西方文化概论复习资料

第一章古希腊罗马文化 第一节 1、如何认识古希腊文明的时间跨度和空间范围? (1)、地域范围: 古代希腊的概念是一个大希腊的概念,包括希腊本土、小亚细亚和西亚沿海地区、南意大利地区,甚至伊比利亚半岛和北非。 (2)、时间跨度: 古代希腊文化包括三个发展阶段: A、克里特-迈锡尼时代的文化(公元前26-前12世纪) 黑暗时代(公元前12-前8世纪) B、希腊城邦时代的文化(公元前8-前4世纪) C、希腊化时代的文化(公元前4-前2世纪) 2、赫西俄德的《神谱》具有什么文化学意义? 从文化学角度来看,赫西俄德的《神谱》具有两方面的重要意义:第一,它通过神系的生殖原则反映了一种朴素的宇宙起源论和自然演化观;第二,它蕴含着一种自我否定为动力的社会进化思想。 从第一方面来看,希腊神话的神谱不仅仅是神的家族史,同时也反映了希腊人的宇宙生成观,神的衍生和交替也就是自然过程的发生和演进。这种通过神系的生殖原则来说明宇宙起源和自然演化过程的神话思维图景,构成了哲学和科学产生之前人们唯一的世界观。 从第二方面来看,以内在的自我否定作为神系延续和发展的契机是希腊神话的又一个基本特征。这种维持神系更新和发展的自我否定机制使希腊神话表现出一种新陈代谢的社会进化思想,而在背后决定着诸神的兴衰泰否的就是那个不出场的“命运”。这种通过“命运”的“看不见之手”来实现神系更迭和自然进化的思想,构成了希腊神话中最深刻的思想,同时也成为整个西方文化在漫长的历史过程中不断实现自我否定和自我超越的形而上的动力。 第二节 1、希腊神话的“神人同形同性”特点反映了什么样的文化精神? A:神人同形——希腊人的自然崇拜和感觉主义,崇尚完美的形体。 B:神人同性——神与人一样具有七情六欲、喜怒哀乐,像人一样会犯错,经常到人间来滋生是非、拈花惹草。

西方文化概论考试

一、古希腊古罗马文化对西方的影响 古希腊罗马文化是一种重理性、重现实的文化,是一种入世、关注现实社会世俗生活的文化。古希腊文化是西方文化的源头,罗马文化使希腊文化世界化。 “言必称希腊”,希腊文化对西方文化的影响主要在七个方面:1、文学上创造了彪炳千古的古希腊神话,建立了体系完整的“神谱”。不仅为西方文学提供了许多母题和素材,而且影响着西方文化的核心精神。父子反目,主母反告,英雄史诗,悲剧等文学母题为西方文学提供了肥沃的土壤。古希腊史学是西方史学的源头,希罗多德的《历史》成为西方史学的开山之作,他创立的以史实为中心的历史叙述的形式为后世的历史叙述体奠定了基础,为编纂历史的通用体裁。修昔底德的《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》开创了成熟的“范例历史学”记载的先河,为后世的历史学家树立了光辉的榜样。 2、在政治体制上,古希腊的雅典民主制是后世西方的政治思想和制度的雏形,其民主政体的理论和实践为后来欧美资产阶级提供了思想基础。它实施的民主选举和轮流执政为西方所继承。 3、古希腊宗教是西方民主思想的启蒙者,古希腊宗教与古希腊神话密不可分,它强调万物有灵的“泛灵论”。古希腊宗教使人们拥有相当程度的思想自由和政治权利,促进了理性主义的萌芽,为孕育西方的民主革命提供了思想、理论上的准备。 4、古希腊的建筑形式是欧洲建筑艺术的源泉和宝库,对西方建筑有着深远而意义重大的影响,是西欧建筑的开拓者。如神庙、雅典卫城及立柱成为西方所特有的风格。 5、希腊文化对西方雕塑也产生重大影响,古希腊神话不仅为西方雕塑提供了素材,更丰富了西方雕塑的文化内涵和艺术价值,使得西方雕塑多关注神灵和人体。 6、古希腊留给西方哲学的遗产就是西方哲学的本身,古希腊哲学是西方哲学的发源地,开启了世界哲学研究的诸多领域,奠定了哲学派别的基础。诞生了一批伟大的哲学家苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里斯多德等,古典希腊哲学对以后西方各种唯物主义和唯心主义、辩证法和形而上学的思想都起到了启蒙的作用,并且奠定了人类对于自然、社会和思维认识的基础。 7、古希腊四大祭礼竞技赛会对西方体育竞技有深远影响,并且形成了体系较为完备的体育理论和体育精神。奥林匹克运动会至今仍受到世界上各个国家的重视。 罗马文化大多是对希腊文化的继承和发展,也有创新:1、创造了影响深远的拉丁文字母,从拉丁语中派生出葡萄牙语、西班牙语、法语、意大利语、罗马尼亚语等近代语言,是欧洲许多国家语言的源泉2、共和政体上,罗马开创了王权、贵族、民主三种政体的混合,为西方提出了丰富的政治理论和范例。3、在法律上建立了严密的法律体系《十二铜表法》。奠定了西方法律体系的基础,尤其是《民权大法》中规定的“公民的私有财产神圣不可侵犯”,成为后世西方法律中永恒的主题。4、古罗马建筑对后世的西方建筑有着深远的影响。罗马人的建筑多采用圆拱圆顶的营造方式,形成了凯旋门、长方形教堂、圆形运动场、竞技场、万神庙之类的建筑风格,同时对西方的道路网有一定的启示意义。5、古罗马文化对西方历史有重要意义,塔西佗《历史》客观主义写史原则促进了西方史学认识,凯撒《高卢战记》提供了西方历史的脉络。6、文学、哲学上大多继承希腊文化,也有发展。古罗马使希腊世界化孕育了西方的“世界精神”,是西方文学和哲学的源泉之一。 二、一个国家民族的文化和民族性格与其自身的历史传统息息相关,举实例分析 俄罗斯也是如此,在其民族国家历史发展进程中的几个关键时期发生的重大事件对其文明特征、民族性格的影响巨大。 在基辅罗斯时期,“罗斯受洗”引入的东正教和拜占庭文化,给其民族性格打上了深深的烙印。源自基督宗教的对人类的终极关怀推动了俄罗斯民族坚韧不拔、富有耐心、充满幻想

题目-西方文化概论简介练习答案

1.The term Western world, the West or the Occident can have multiple meanings dependent on its context. Some historians believe the West originated in the northern and eastern Mediterranean with _____ancient Greece_______ and _Ancient Rome___________. Over time, their associated empires grew first to the east and south, conquering and absorbing many older great civilizations; later, they grew to the north and west to include_Western Europe___________. 2.Since the Renaissance, the West evolved beyond the influence of the ancient Greeks, Romans and Muslims due to the_commercial___________, Scientific, and _industrial revolution___________, and the expansion of the ___christian_________ peoples of Western European empires, and particularly the globe-spanning empires of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Since the____age of discovery________ and _columbus___________, the notion of the West expanded to include _the Americas___________, though much of the Americas have considerable pre-Western cultural influence. __Australia__________ and _New Zealand___________ are considered part of Western culture due to their former status as _settler colonies ___________of Western Christian nations. 3.In the current political or economic context the term the "West" often includes developed ___oriental_________ nations in Asia, such as Israel, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, and South Korea, that additionally have strong political and military ties to Western Europe, NATO or the United States. 4.Western culture or Western civilization is a term used to generally refer to most of the cultures of __European__________ origin and most of their descendants. It comprises the broad, geographically based, heritage of __social norms__________, __ethical values__________, __traditional custo ms__________ (such as religious beliefs) and specific artifacts and technologies as shared within the Western sphere of influence. 5.The origins of Western culture are often referred to as "three pillars": __ ancient Greece__________ (concretely Greek philosophy) ;the ancient Rome____________ (specifically Roman law);Catholic____________ and Protestant Christianity____________. 1.Christianity is a ____ monotheistic _神论________ religion centered on the life and teachings of __ Jesus ___________ as presented in the New Testament. 2.Adherents of Christianity, known as Christians, believe that Jesus is the only begotten _ Son of God ____________ and __ the Messiah ___________ (Christ) prophesied in the Hebrew Bible. 3.Christian theology claims that Jesus Christ is a__ a teacher ___________, the model of a __ virtuous life ___________, the _revealer __启示者__________of God, as well as an _incarnation 化身____________of God, and most importantly _ the savior 救世主____________ of humanity who suffered, died, and was resurrected to bring about salvation from __ sin ___________. 4.Christians maintain that Jesus ascended into heaven, and most denominations教派teach that Jesus will return to judge __ the living ___________ and _ the dead ____________, granting everlasting 来世life to his _ followers ____________. 5.Christians call the message of Jesus Christ the Gospel福音,真理_____________. 6.Like Judaism and Islam, Christianity is classified as an __ Abrahamic _亚伯拉罕__________ religion. 7.Christianity began as a _ Jewish ___________sect in the eastern Mediterranean, quickly grew in size and influence over a few decades, and by the 4th century had become the dominant religion within the Roman Empire.

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