非谓语动词易错题及解析
非谓语动词易错题及解析
一、单项选择非谓语动词
1．.Ladex does’t feel like abroad.Her parents are old.
A．study B．studying C．studied D．to study
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Ladex不喜欢去国外学习，她的父母老了。feel like doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，是固定短语，故用动名词作宾语。故选B。
2．_____________in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
A．Being raised B．Raising
C．Raised D．To raise
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的主语是he，他在这个地方长大，两者之间是主谓关系，故选C项。
考点：考查非谓语谓语动词。
【名师点睛】本题在考查非谓语动词，题目难度中等，从选项看，不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。从句子结构判断，两个句子是否共用一个主语，主语与第一个动词之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系，再者还要注意判断时间关系，从而得出答案来。
3．—Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry.With so much work _______ my mind,I almost break down.
A．filled B．filling C．to fill D．being filled
【答案】B
【解析】
“with+复合结构”在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语，该结构由“名词(代词)＋不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式等”构成。with+名词+动词-ing形式用于强调名词是动词-ing形式的动作的发出者或某动作、状态正在进行。根据work与fill的关系可判断出要用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，表示“工作充满了我的头脑”。动词-ed形式作宾语补足语表示被动。动词不定式作宾语补足语表示将要发生的事。
4．When we saw the road ________ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A．block B．to block
C．blocking D．blocked
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们看到路上被雪覆盖时，我们决定在家里度假。此处用非谓语动词作宾补，动词block与see的宾语the road之间为被动关系，构成短语see sb/ sth done。故选D。
5．Time, ________ correctly, is money in the bank.
A．to use B．used C．using D．use
【答案】B
【解析】
本题考察非谓语动词。根据句子结构，所填成分是对主句的补充说明，因此只能是作状语。再根据非谓作状主语应与主句一致原则，判断出use与主语time之间为被动，因此直接得出答案B。句意：时间，如果使用得当的话，就是存在银行里的钱。
6．________ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
A．Understanding B．To be understood
C．Being understood D．Having understood
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：了解你自己的需求和沟通方式与学习传达你的感情和情绪同样重要。不定式（短语）或动名词（短语）均可作主语，区别在于不定式常表示将来，是特指；而动名词表示一般情况，是泛指。而本句指的是普遍现象，属泛指，故用动名词较好。故选A。
7．Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.
A．finding B．to find C．being found D．to have found
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查不定式做结果状语。句意：Tom打的去了机场，结果却发现他要乘坐的飞机已经在空中了。不定式做状语时表示意料之外的结果。结合句意可知本题是一种意料之外的结果，故B正确。
考点：考查不定式做结果状语
8．More highways have been built in China, _____ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
A．making B．made C．to make D．having made
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国修建了越来越多的高速公路，人们更加方便从一个地点到另外一个地点。空格后面是it，说明是主动关系，排除B；不能选择C的原因是to do作目的状语，不符合句意；根据句意可知，此处是现在分词做结果状语。故选A。
9．______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
A．To absorb B．To be absorbed
C．Absorbed D．Absorbing
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于，在句中作状语，省略be动词，故选C。
【点睛】
本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语之后，再分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。
10．________ nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.
A．Having spent B．To spend
C．Spent D．To have spent
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：已经花完了几乎所有的钱，我们无法支付住宾馆的费用。动词不定式表将来和目的，根据句意可知，“花钱”的动作发生在过去，排除B、D；过去分词表完成和被动，we与spend是主谓关系，应该用现在分词，排除C；当两个动作有先后关系时，用现在分词的完成式，现在分词的完成式在本句相当于because we have spent nearly all our money，表原因。故选A。
11．I had been betrayed by those who I trusted several times, ______ in a suspicious attitude
towards everything and everyone.
A．resulted B．having resulted C．resulting D．to result
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语做结果状语。句意：我曾被我信任的人背叛过几次，导致我对每件事和每一个人都抱着怀疑的态度。“result in...”为固定搭配，意为“导致”。前一句“我曾被我信任的人背叛过几次”，导致后面的结果“我对每件事和每一个人都抱着怀疑的态度”。前一句导致后面的结果，此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语，因此选C。
12． that it was going to rain, James took a raincoat with him.
A．Seeing B．Saw
C．Seen D．To see
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到即将下雨，James随身带着雨衣。分析句子可知，“see that it was going to rain”作状语，see与主语James是主动关系，用现在分词表示主动关系。故选A。
13．The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ___________. A．recognizing B．being recognized
C．having recognized D．having been recognized
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：本题考查动词的非谓语动词形式。句意：那位电影明星戴上墨镜。所以，他去买东西不会被认出来。根据题中的介词without判断，此后应该使用动词的动名词形式，由于他是被人认出的，所以应该用动名词的被动式，所以选B。
考点：考查非谓语动词的用法
14．_______ her before, he didn’t know she was his daughter.
A．Not having seen B．Having not seen
C．Not seeing D．Not to see
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：由于以前没有见过她，他不知道她就是他的女儿。he与see之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，而且see这个动作发生在didn’t know之前，应该用现在分词的完成式作原因状语，否定词放在最前面，故A项正确。
【点睛】
本题非谓语表示的动作与谓语之间有明显的先后关系，see这个动作发生在didn’t know之前，应该用现在分词的完成式作原因状语，Not having seen=Be cause he hadn’t seen her before。
15．After a decade or so, out of choices, he returned to where he’d begun, ashamed at having so little to show for his wanderings.
A．being run B．running
C．to run D．having run
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查现在分词。句意：大约十年后，在没有选择的情况下，他回到了他开始的地方，为自己的拼搏没有什么收获而感到羞愧。run out of “用光，耗尽” 与主语he在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示的动作明显发生在return之前，所以用现在分词的完成时having run of。故D 选项正确。
【点睛】
非谓语动词是考试考查的重点，要掌握它的用法。首先，要弄清楚填空处要填的是非谓语。其次，要知道非谓语动词的三种形式：现在分词表示主动进行、过去分词表示被动完成、动词不定式表示目的和将要。再次，要知道非谓语动作与谓语动作是同时发生还是先后发生，还是将要发生。其中分词做状语的考查尤为重要。
分析句子可知，本句的主语为he,谓语为returned, run out of “用光，耗尽”为非谓语与主语he在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示的动作明显发生在return的之前，所以用现在分词的完成时having run of。故D选项正确。
16．The project, by the end of 2033, will expand the city’s telephone network to cover
2,000,000 users.
A．being accomplished B．accomplished
C．to be accomplished D．having been accomplished
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查非谓语动词。本句中名词the project与动词accomplish构成被动关系，同时因为2033是将来的时间，所以使用不定式的被动语态做定语修饰the project。A项是现在分词的被动形式，表示正在被做，B项是过去分词，表示被动和已经完成。句意：到2033年底要被完成的这个计划将会把城市电话网络扩大到覆盖2百万用户。故C正确。考点：考察非谓语动词
17．Mark often attempts to escape _______ whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A．having been fined B．being fined
C．to have been fined D．to be fined
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查escape的用法。句意：马克经常试图逃脱罚款，每当他违反交通规则的时候。escape doing sth 逃脱、避免干某事。故选B。
18．The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
A．forced B．forcing C．to be forced D．having forced
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：政府计划引入新法律，迫使父母对他们的孩子的教育承担更多的责任。分析句子可知，____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children作定语，修饰new laws ,force用非谓语动词形式，force与主语The government是主动关系，用现在分词形式表示主动，force与bring in是同时发生的，不用完成时，故选B。
19．They use computers to keep the traffic _________ smoothly.
A．being run B．run C．to run D．running
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们用电脑让交通流动顺畅。分析句子可知，run作宾语补足语，keep sb./sth. doing sth.表示让……一直做……。根据句意可知，故选D项。
20．________ to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future. A．Learn B．Learned
C．Learning D．Having learned
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以作主语，此处用动名词作主语，故选C。
非谓语动词易错题及解析
非谓语动词易错题及解析 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．(福建) _____________ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. A．Known B．Having known C．Knowing D．Being known 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查动名词。句意：了解基本的急救知识可以帮助您快速应对紧急情况。分析句子成分，谓语是will help，所以前面的是主语，用动名词做主语，故选C项。 2．When he was a boy, he used to go there and watch _____. A．to repair bicycles B．bicycles to be repaired C．bicycles being repaired D．repairing bicycles 【答案】C 【解析】 3．Once be falls asleep, I have great difficulty _______ him up. A．wake B．waken C．to wake D．waking 【答案】D 【解析】 一旦他睡着了，我叫醒他就有很大的困难。have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难，选D。 4．In Australia, many road signs are now both in English and Chinese, ______ it easier for Chinese tourists to travel. A．making B．made C．make D．makes 【答案】A 【解析】考查状语从句。在澳大利亚，许多路标都是用英文和中文同时标识，使中国游客去旅游更加容易。根据与前面一句用逗号隔开，没有连词，故判断此空用非谓语动词，根据与主语是主动关系，故用动词-ing形式，用来修饰和补充上一句话，故选A。 5．Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A．realizing B．realized C．to realize D．being realized 【答案】A
高中英语语法易错题非谓语动词陷阱题
高中英语语法易错题：非谓语动词陷阱题 1. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 2. When you’re learning to drive, _______ a good teacher makes a big difference. A. have B. having C. and have D. and having 3. I felt it a great honour ______ to speak to you. A. to ask B. asking C. to be asked D. having asked 4. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 5. Before you decide to leave your job, _______ the effect it will have on your family. A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered 6. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 7. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 8. Anyone _______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police. A. seen carry B. seen carrying C. saw to carry D. saw carrying 9. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up 10. The discovery of new evidence led to _______. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 11. She looks forward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in 12. To test eggs, _______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.
高考英语专题非谓语动词知识点易错题汇编
高考英语专题非谓语动词知识点易错题汇编 一、选择题 1．—Did you have a good time at the party? —Thanks. I appreciated______to your home. A．to be invited B．to have invited C．being invited D．having invited 2．The man was so surprised at _______ that he did not try to escape or defend himself. A．discovered B．discovering C．to be discovered D．being discovered 3．The president promised to keep all the board members _____ of how the negotiations were going on． A．inform B．informing C．be informed D．informed 4．Some psychologists suggest that one could improve his performance when mentally imagining himself ________ (perform) well at some back. A．performing B．to perform C．performed D．having performed 5．________ with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend hours going from one dress on another before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. A．Having faced B．Faced C．To face D．Facing 6．Employees might feel unsafe in the current jobs, thus ________ an eye on what is new in the job market is of great importance to them. A．keep B．keeping C．being kept D．to be kept 7．I missed the last bus and had no money for a taxi，so I could do nothing but ____ home last night. A．to walking B．walk C．walking D．walked 8．As far as I’m concerned, this book deserves ______ several times. A．being read B．to read C．reading D．read 9．_________ in the northwest of China, Xi'an is seen as the birthplace of the country's civilization. A．Locating B．Being located C．To locate D．Located 10．Though he had often made his little sister ________, today he was made ________ by his little sister. A．cry; to cry B．crying; crying C．cry; cry D．to cry; cry 11．—Where does your little daughter want to go during her holiday ? —She is always looking forward to _____ to the Wu Yi Mountain. A．take B．taking C．being taken D．be taken 12．The long-last ing war, filled with blood and deaths, ended in people’s sadness, _______no result. A．reached B．to reach C．would reach D．reaching
高三数学培优补差辅导专题讲座-集合、函数与导数单元易错题分析与练习p
集合与函数、导数部分易错题分析 1．进行集合的交、并、补运算时，不要忘了全集和空集的特殊情况，不要忘记了借助数轴和文氏图进行求解. 2．你会用补集的思想解决有关问题吗？ 3．求不等式（方程）的解集，或求定义域（值域）时，你按要求写成集合的形式了吗？ [问题]:{}1|2-=x y x 、{ }1|2-=x y y 、{}1|),(2-=x y y x 的区别是什么？ 4．绝对值不等式的解法及其几何意义是什么？ 5．解一元一次不等式（组）的基本步骤是什么？ [问题]:如何解不等式：()0122>--b x a ？ 6．三个二次（哪三个二次？）的关系及应用掌握了吗？如何利用二次函数求最值？注意到对二次项系数及对 称轴进行讨论了吗？ 7．简单命题与复合命题有什么区别？四种命题之间的相互关系是什么？如何判断充分与必要条件？ [问题]：请举例说明“否命题”与“命题的否定形式”的区别. 什么是映射、什么是一一映射？ [问题]：已知：A={1，2，3}，B={1，2，3}，那么可以作 个A 到B 上的映射，那么可以作 个 A 到 B 上的一一映射. 9．函数的表示方法有哪一些？如何判断函数的单调性、周期性、奇偶性？单调性、周期性、奇偶性在函数的 图象上如何反应？什么样的函数有反函数？如何求反函数？互为反函数的图象间有什么关系？求一个函数的解析式或一个函数的反函数时，你注明函数的定义域了吗？ [问题]：已知函数()[],9,1,2log 3∈+=x x x f 求函数()[]() 22x f x f y +=的单调递增区间.（你处理函数问题是是否将定义域放在首位） [问题]：已知函数()()的函数x g y x x x f =-+=,132图象与()11+=-x f y 的图象关于直线()的值对称，求11g x y =. 10、如何正确表示分数指数幂？指数、对数的运算性质是什么？ 11、你熟练地掌握了指数函数和对数函数的图象与性质吗? [问题]：已知函数()[)+∞∈=,3log x x x f a 在上，恒有()1>x f ，则实数的a 取值范围是： 。 12．你熟练地掌握了函数单调性的证明方法吗？（定义法、导数法） 13．如何应用函数的单调性与奇偶性解题?①比较函数值的大小；②解抽象函数不等式；③求参数的范围（恒 成立问题）.这几种基本应用你掌握了吗？ [问题]：写出函数)0()(>+=m x m x x f 的图象及单调区间.],[d c x ∈时,求函数的最值.这种求函数的最值的方法与利用均值不等式求函数的最值的联系是什么？ [问题]：证明“函数)(x f 的图象关于直线a x =对称”与证明“函数)(x f 与函数)(x g 的图象关于直线a x =对称”有什么不同吗？ 例题讲解 1、忽略φ的存在： 例题1、已知A ={x|121m x m +≤≤-}，B ={x|25x -≤≤}，若A ?B ，求实数m 的取值范围． 【错解】A ?B ?? ?≤-+≤-?5 1212m m ，解得：33≤≤m － 【分析】忽略A =φ的情况.
经典易错题会诊(非谓语动词) 含答案
经典易错题会诊（非谓语动词） 1.(典型例题)I think you’ll grow him when you know him better. A. liking B.to be like C.to like D.to be liking 2.( 典型例题)The flowers sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A.to smell B. smelling C. smelt D.to be smelt 3.( 典型例题) Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents. A. worried B.to worry C. worrying D. worry 4 —I’l l thank you __ my affairs alone. —I will. It is none of my business. A. to have left B. for leaving C. to leave D. for having left 5. (典型例题)_____in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing 6.(典型例题) I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 7.(典型例题) The news reporters hurried to the airport, only __ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 8. There is no doubt that hiking is good for the retired couple, but it remains whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. seeing C. to be seen D. seen 9. —I regret you John has been fired. —I can hardly believe my ears. He is such a fine worker A. telling B. having told C. to tell D. to have told 10. —Manager, do you have something __ at this moment? —No, thanks. I’ll call you if any. A. to be typed B. to type C. typing D. typed 11.(典型例题庆)—What should I do with this passage? —___ to the main idea of each paragraph. A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out 12.(典型例题) When asked by the police, he said that he remember _____at the party, but not __ A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave 13.(典型例题)Having been in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ___the exam. A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing 14.(典型例题春招)He looked around and caught a man_____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 15. I lost my way in complete darkness and, __ matters worse, it began to rain. A. made B. having made C. making D. to make 16. The result was not made until last Sunday. A. to know B. knowing C. known D. to be known 17. When he got off the bus, he found his pocket _____. A. stolen B. picked C. gone D. missing 18. I really appreciate _____ to relax with you on this nice island. A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time 19.(典型例题徽) I really can’t understand __ her like that.
非谓语动词易错题集锦
非谓语动词易错题集锦 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．——Can I smoke here? ——Sorry. We don’t allow _______here. A．people smoking B．people smoke C．to smoke D．smoking 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：--我可以在这里吸烟吗？---对不起，我们不允许在这里吸烟。allow sb to do 允许某人做某事；allow doing允许做某事。根据句意故选D。 考点：考查冠词的用法。 2．(山东) There is a note pinned to the door ___________ when the shop will open again. A．saying B．says C．said D．having said 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：在这个句子中note和say是主动关系，所以要用saying。此处saying引导的句子做伴随状语。句意为：门上钉着张纸条，写着这家商店什么时候再营业。故答案选A。考点：考查非谓语动词。 【知识拓展】非谓语动词的选择要根据所填的动词及它所要修饰的逻辑主语之间的关系确定。doing表主动表进行；done表被动表完成；to do表目的表将来。 【名师点睛】本题考查非谓语。先把句子简化：There is a note (which is pinned to the door) saying when the shop will open again.伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的，本题考查的是现在分词做伴随状语,用ing形式。现在分词短语表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系，即表示主动意义；而过去分词短语则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，即被动意义；如：He went to the classroom holding two books； He went to the forest , followed by two dogs. 3．We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs _____to achieve the final success. A．being done B．do C．to be done D．to do 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：我们有一个好的开端，但是下一步需要做更多的工作得到最后的目标。Need doing或need to be done需要被做…，所以选C。 考点：考查非谓语动词 4．________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
导数有关知识点总结、经典例题及解析、近年高考题带答案
导数及其应用 【考纲说明】 1、了解导数概念的某些实际背景（如瞬时速度，加速度，光滑曲线切线的斜率等）；掌握函数在一点处的导数的定义和导数的几何意义；理解导函数的概念。 2、熟记八个基本导数公式；掌握两个函数和、差、积、商的求导法则，了解复合函数的求导法则，会求某些简单函数的导数。 3、理解可导函数的单调性与其导数的关系；了解可导函数在某点取得极值的必要条件和充分条件(导数在极值点两侧异号)；会求一些实际问题(一般指单峰函数)的最大值和最小值。 【知识梳理】 一、导数的概念 函数y=f(x),如果自变量x 在x 0处有增量x ?，那么函数y 相应地有增量y ?=f （x 0+x ?）－f （x 0），比值x y ??叫做函数y=f （x ）在x 0到x 0+x ?之间的平均变化率，即x y ??=x x f x x f ?-?+)()(00。如果当0→?x 时，x y ??有极限，我们 就说函数y=f(x)在点x 0处可导，并把这个极限叫做f （x ）在点x 0处的导数，记作f’（x 0）或y’|0x x =。 即f （x 0）=0lim →?x x y ??=0lim →?x x x f x x f ?-?+)()(00。 说明：
（1）函数f （x ）在点x 0处可导，是指0→?x 时，x y ??有极限。如果x y ??不存在极限，就说函数在点x 0处不可导， 或说无导数。 （2）x ?是自变量x 在x 0处的改变量，0≠?x 时，而y ?是函数值的改变量，可以是零。 由导数的定义可知，求函数y=f （x ）在点x 0处的导数的步骤： （1）求函数的增量y ?=f （x 0+x ?）－f （x 0）； （2）求平均变化率x y ??=x x f x x f ?-?+) ()(00； （3）取极限，得导数f’(x 0)=x y x ??→?0lim 。 二、导数的几何意义 函数y=f （x ）在点x 0处的导数的几何意义是曲线y=f （x ）在点p （x 0，f （x 0））处的切线的斜率。也就是说，曲线y=f （x ）在点p （x 0，f （x 0））处的切线的斜率是f’（x 0）。相应地，切线方程为y －y 0=f/（x 0）（x －x 0）。 三、几种常见函数的导数 ①0;C '= ②() 1;n n x nx -'= ③(sin )cos x x '=; ④(cos )sin x x '=-; ⑤();x x e e '=⑥()ln x x a a a ' =; ⑦ ()1ln x x '= ; ⑧()1 l g log a a o x e x '=. 四、两个函数的和、差、积的求导法则 法则1：两个函数的和(或差)的导数,等于这两个函数的导数的和(或差)， 即： ( .)' ''v u v u ±=± 法则2：两个函数的积的导数,等于第一个函数的导数乘以第二个函数,加上第一个函数乘以第二个函数的导数， 即： .)('''uv v u uv += 若C 为常数,则' ''''0)(Cu Cu Cu u C Cu =+=+=.即常数与函数的积的导数等于常数乘以函数的导数： .)(''Cu Cu = 法则3：两个函数的商的导数，等于分子的导数与分母的积，减去分母的导数与分子的积，再除以分母的平方： ? ?? ??v u ‘=2' 'v uv v u -（v ≠0）。 形如y=f [x (?])的函数称为复合函数。复合函数求导步骤：分解——求导——回代。法则：y ＇|x = y ＇|u ·u ＇|x 五、导数应用 1、单调区间： 一般地，设函数)(x f y =在某个区间可导，
【英语】非谓语动词易错题及解析
【英语】非谓语动词易错题及解析 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, _____the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni （校友） from home and abroad. A．Attend B．To attend C．Attending D．Having attended 【答案】C 【解析】 主句 .Distinguished guests and friends are our alumni （校友） from home and abroad. Attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning非谓语动词作伴随状语。 2．(天津) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated. A．being allowed B．allowing C．having allowed D．allowed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。A. being allowed表示被动且正在进行；C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生；D. allowed表示被动且完成，故选B。 【点睛】 判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。 3．While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty. A．promote B．promoted C．promoting D．to promote 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：本题考查的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get+过去分词”，如“get burnt”被烫伤，get paid获得报酬；本句中的get promoted获得提拔。句意：在等待着背提拔的机会的时候，Herry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。故B正确。 4．When we saw the road ________ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A．block B．to block C．blocking D．blocked
导数中的易错题
第20练 导数中的易错题 一、选择题 1．如果f ′(x )是二次函数，且f ′(x )的图象开口向上，顶点坐标为(1，3)，那么曲线y ＝f (x )上任意一点的切线的倾斜角α的取值范围是( ) A ．(0，π 3] B ．[π3，π 2) C ．(π2，2π 3 ] D ．[π 3 ，π) 2．(优质试题·福建福州三中月考)已知点A (1,2)在函数f (x )＝ax 3 的图象上，则过点A 的曲线C ： y ＝f (x )的切线方程是( ) A ．6x －y －4＝0 B ．x －4y ＋7＝0 C ．6x －y －4＝0或x －4y ＋7＝0 D ．6x －y －4＝0或3x －2y ＋1＝0 3．(优质试题·兰州诊断)在直角坐标系xOy 中，设P 是曲线C ：xy ＝1(x >0)上任意一点，l 是曲线C 在点P 处的切线，且l 交坐标轴于A ，B 两点，则以下结论正确的是( ) A ．△OAB 的面积为定值2 B ．△OAB 的面积有最小值3 C ．△OAB 的面积有最大值4 D ．△OAB 的面积的取值范围是[3,4] 4．若函数f (x )＝2x 2 －ln x 在其定义域内的一个子区间(k －1，k ＋1)内不是单调函数，则实数k 的取值范围是( ) A ．[1，＋∞) B ．[1，3 2) C ．[1,2) D ．[3 2 ，2) 5．若函数y ＝x 3 －3ax ＋a 在(1,2)内有极小值，则实数a 的取值范围是( ) A ．1 高考非谓语动词易错题汇总 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Mr. Wang made up his mind to devote all he could ____ his oral English before going abroad. A．improve B．to improving C．improving D．to improve 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：王先生决心在出国前尽其所能提高英语口语。此处是devote…to…“将……奉献给；把……专用于”，to是介词，he could (devote)是all的定语从句，由此可知，B项正确。故选B。 2．I’m afraid that I can’t attend Tom’s wedding party ______ next weekend. A．to be held B．being held C．held D．is to be held 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词作定语。句子中已经有了谓语can't attend，故此处应填非谓语动词，首先排除D。hold与party构成被动关系，但ABC答案均表被动。因此再根据时间状语next weekend可确定填不定式表将来，故选A。考查非谓语动词作定语时，要注意看与所修饰名词之间的关系，判断是主动还是被动。同时还要注意从时间上判定，不定式作定语表将来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。 考点：考查非谓语动词作定语。 3．A hearty laugh relieves physical tension, _____your muscles relaxed for over half an hour. A．to leave B．left C．leaving D．leave 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：开怀大笑可以缓解身体紧张，至少可以使你的肌肉放松半小时。分析句子可知，空格处做伴随状语。且与逻辑主语laugh构成主动关系，所以用现在分词。故选C。 4． He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. A．to act B． to have acted C． acting D．having acted 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句型“有人认为..已....”可用It is thought/ believed/ ...that sb have/has done...结构。从句中的动作发生在主句动作之前。该结构可转化为sb is thought/believed +不定式的完成式。如： 非谓语动词易错题解析 1. _________________(face) with a bill for $ 10,000, John has taken an extra job.（难度0.5） 2.He hurried to the booking office only _____________（tell）that all the tickets had been sold out.（难度0.6） 3. _____________（convince ）that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country. （难度0.5） 4.After he became conscious , he remembered ___________(attack) and_______(hit)on the head with a rod.（难度0.5） 5. Isn't it time you got down to ____________ (mark )the papers? （难度0.5） 6. I don’t know whether you happen_______________(hear) it, but I am going to study in the United States this September.（难度1） 7. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ______________________ (launch) at the end of last March. （难度0.9） 8. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _____________ (train) for a space flight. （难度0.5） 9. __ (say) that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her. （难度0.9） 10. She wants her paintings ___________ (display) in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular. （难度0.6） 11. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ______________ (water) every day. （难度0.6） 12. I feel greatly honored _________________(welcome) into their society. （难度0.7） 13. _______________(wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. （难度0.8） 14. _________ (search) the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. （难度0.6） 15. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention __________________(promote) when we talked on the phone. （难度0.7） 16. ___________(show) around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. （难度0.7） 17. ___________ (fail) to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. （难度0.6） 18. He was busy writing a story, only _____________(stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette. （难度0.8） 19. If we have illegal immigrants ___________(come) in, many local workers will lose their jobs. （难度0.8） 20. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, ____________ (help) reduce unemployment pressures.（难度0.6） 21. The government plans to bring in new laws ____________ (force) parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. （难度0.6） 22. There is a great deal of evidence ______________ (indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain. （难度0.5） 2009年高考数学专题复习函数、导数部分错题精选 一、选择题： 1、已知函数()x f y =，[]b a x ,∈，那么集合()()[]{}(){} 2,,,,=∈=x y x b a x x f y y x 中元素的个数为（ ） A. 1 B. 0 C. 1或0 D. 1或2 2、已知函数()x f 的定义域为[0，1]，值域为[1，2]，则函数()2+x f 的定义域和值域分别是（ ） A. [0，1] ，[1，2] B. [2，3] ，[3，4] C. [-2，-1] ，[1，2] D. [-1，2] ，[3，4] 3、已知0＜a ＜1，b ＜-1，则函数b a y x +=的图象必定不经过（ ） A. 第一象限 B. 第二象限 C. 第三象限 D. 第四象限 4、将函数()x x f 2=的图象向左平移一个单位得到图象1C ，再将1C 向上平移一个单位得图象 2C ，作出2C 关于直线x y =对称的图象3C ，则3C 对应的函数的解析式为（ ） A. ()11log 2+-=x y B. ()11log 2--=x y C. ()11log 2++=x y D. ()11log 2-+=x y 5、已知函数()()x x f a -=2log 1在其定义域上单调递减，则函数()() 2 1log x x g a -=的单调 减区间是（ ） A. (]0,∞- B. ()0,1- C. [)+∞,0 D. [)1,0 6、函数x x x y sin cos -=在下面的哪个区间上是增函数（ ） A. ??? ??23,2ππ B. ()ππ2, C. ?? ? ??25,23ππ D. ()ππ3,2高考非谓语动词易错题汇总
非谓语动词易错题解析
函数及导数易错题精选