小学六年级英语总复习资料(各版本通用)

小学六年级英语总复习资料(各版本通用)
小学六年级英语总复习资料(各版本通用)

小升初英语复习资料

一:易错点

1. a, an的选择: 元音音素开头的单词用an,辅音音素开头的单词用a. 元音字母为a e i o u

2. am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.

3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物.单数用has , 复数用have. I ,you 用have .

4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人.单数用there is , 复数用there are.

5. some, any 的选择:some用于肯定和请求, any用于否定和疑问.

6. 疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱)

二.可数名词的复数

1.一般名词复数是在名词后面加上“s”,如map→maps,bag→bags等;2.以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词加“es”,如bus→buses,watch→watches 等;

3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i加es,如baby→babies等;以元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数,如boy—boys,monkey→monkeys. 4.以o 结尾的名词变复数时:

下列词加es ,Negro—Negro;hero—heroes;potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes(黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿)

其他加s:photo→photos ,piano→pianos,radio→radios,zoo→zoo s 5.以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:一般为去掉f, fe 加ves,如:

half→halves ,knife→knives ,leaf→leaves,wife→wives ,

life→lives,thief→thieves

不规则形式:child---children;foot---feet;tooth---teeth;deer--deer;sheep---sheep;man--men;woman—women;mouse—mice;Chinese—Chinese;Japanese—Japanese

注意:(too)many+可数名词复数,(too)much+不可数;

Some/a lot of/lots of后既可加可数复数也可加不可数名词

三.名词所有格

名词所有格是名词所有格用来表示所有关系,一般用’s和of来表示名词的所有格,表示“......的”。

单数名词在词尾加’s(以s结尾的只需加’)构成所有格,主要用于有生命的东西。如Tom’s book,my parents’ photo

of所有格用法

凡不能加’s的名词,都可以与of构成短语,来表示所有关系,主要用于无生命的东西,如a map of China

四.情态动词

小学常见的情态动词有can,must,will,shoud,须知情态动词后加动词原形,如果是am, is ,are,则用be.其否定形式为在情态动词后直接加not,变一般疑问句时直接把情态动词提前,句末标点变成问号即可。

五.一般现在时

一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。

1.肯定句:一般现在时中,没有be动词和情态动词,主语为第三人称单数

(she ,he ,it )、单数可数名词、不可数名词的,动词要按规则加上s或es。

主语是复数可数名词的肯定句,动词用原形。

例:She(He,It )likes fish. 她(他,它)喜欢鱼。(主语为第三人称单数)The table has four legs.桌子有四条腿。(主语为单数可数名词)

They go to school every day .他们每天都去上学。(主语是复数可数名词的,

动词用原形)

.2. 否定句:

(1)句中有be动词或情态动词时,直接在be动词和情态动词后加not,

I am not a teacher. He can not fly .

(2) 句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数时,在动词原形前加does + not (doesn’t)。

He doesn’t like cats.

主语为复数可数名词的否定句,在动词原形前加do + not (don’t)。

They don’t go to school on Sundays.

3.疑问句:(1)句中有be动词(am , is , are )或情态动词(may , can , must , should)时,提前大写问号

例:肯定句:She is a student . 疑问句:Is she a student ? 肯定句: He can swim. 疑问句:Can he swim? .

疑问句的回答:用什么问就用什么来回答。

Is she a student ? Yes, she is . Can you swim? Yes,

I can .

(2) 句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数的疑问句用does 提

问。即在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形

例:—Does he like Chinese? 他喜欢汉语吗?—Yes, he does. 是

的,他喜欢(汉语)。

句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为复数可数名词的疑问句用do 来提问。

Do you like monkeys? No, we don’t.

第三人称单数

在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。现归纳总结如下:

一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如:

He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。

二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如:

Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。

三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:

This book is yours. 这本书是你的。

四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:

There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。

五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如:

The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。

六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如:

"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。

第三人称单数变化规则

i)在动词尾直接加 s。如:

play—plays, want—wants, work—works, know—knows, help—helps,get—gets

ii)以字母s、x、ch或o结尾的动词加-es;如:

guess—guesses, fix—fixes, teach—teaches, brush—brushes, go—goes,do—does,watch—watches,catch—catches

iii)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es。如:

study—studies,carry—carries,fly—flies,worry—worries

③④强调如何将主语是第三人称单数的肯定句变为否定和疑问句。

1)His mother works in a factory.

His mother doesn’t work in a factory.

Does his mother work in a factory?

六.一般过去时

一.一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复性的动作。谓语动词要用动词的过去式,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday昨天、last night昨晚、last week上周、last year去年,two days ago等。

二、一般过去时的结构:(可分三类不同的结构)

1.Be动词的一般过去时

肯定句式:主语+ be(was , were) + 其它.

否定句式:主语+ be(was , were) + not + 其它.

一般疑问句:Be(was , were) + 主语+ 其它?

注:在这种构成中,be动词有人称和数的变化,即要根据主语选用

was / were。Be动词分为单数和复数,was是表示单数,were是表示复数。

2. 实义动词的一般过去时态

肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does 的过去式did.

肯定句式:主语+ 动词(过去式)+ 其它

否定句式:主语+ didn’t+ 动词(原形)+ 其

它【did not = didn’t】

一般疑问句:Did + 主语+ 动词(原形)+ 其它【do , does的过去时均为did】?

注:did和didn’t是构成一般过去时的助动词,其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。

3. 情态动词的一般过去时态

含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be动词的一般过去时,是十分相似,请注意观察。

肯定句式:主语+ 情态动词+ 其它.

否定句式:主语+ 情态动词+ not + 其它.

一般疑问句:情态动词+ 主语+ 其它?

注:情态动词的过去式:can→could, may→might, must→must,will-would,should-should。

4.特殊疑问句式:

特殊疑问词+be过去式+主语+其他?

特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?

特殊疑问词+do/does过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?

What was your former name?你以前叫什么名字?

Why did he late for school last Monday?上星期一他为什么迟到?

What could she do twenty years ago? 20年前她能做什么?

动词的过去式的构成规则有:

A,规则动词

① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study –studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,stay不是辅音字母加

y,所以不属于此类,直接加ed即可)

④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped

B,不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was ,

are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt

七:现在进行时

现在进行时,表示一个动作正在进行。构成:主语+be(am/is/are) doing 的形式,be 要根据前面的人称和数做具体的变化。

一、陈述句(肯定句)

主语+be (am, is, are)+现在分词,如:

I am reading English.我正在读英语。He is writing.他正在写字。You are running.你正在跑步。

二、一般疑问句

Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+现在分词,如:

1. -Are you singing?你正在唱歌吗?

-Yes, I am.是的,我在唱歌。(No, I'm not.不,我不在唱歌。)

2. -Is he (she) listening to music?他(她)在听音乐吗?

-Yes, he (she) is.是的,他(她)在听音乐。[No, he (she) isn't.不,他(她)不在听音乐。

三、特殊疑问句

疑问词+be (am, is, are)+主语+现在分词,如:

1. -What are you doing? 你正在干什么?

-I am doing my homework.我正在做作业。

2. -What is he (she) doing?他(她)正在干什么?

-He (She) is riding a bike.他(她)正在骑自行车。

四、现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

通常在句子中有以下的词:now, look, listen.

如:1. I am listening to the music now.

2. The students are drawing pictures now.

3. Listen! She is singing .

4. Look! Mr Li is riding a bike.

动词的ing形式的构成规则:

① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing drive—driving, ride--riding

③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)如:running , swimming , sitting , getting

八.一般将来时

肯定形式:①主语+am/is/are going to + do;②主语+will + do.

否定形式:①主语+am/is/are not going to + do;②主语+will not + do.

疑问形式:①Am/Is/Are+主语+going to+do;②Will+主语+do

注意:be going to 和will后都加动词原形

九.人称代词与物主代词

(一)人称代词

主格放在句中作主语,宾格放在动词或介词后作宾语。如I can help him.I 为主格作主语,him为宾格作宾语。

(二)物主代词

形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别:形容词性物主代词后加名词,如my book,

名词性物主代词后不加名词,因为它本身相当于一个名词。

十:形容词比较级

当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级.比较级的句子结构通常是:

什么 + 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:

I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)

An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)

形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是:

① 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,

② 以e结尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,

③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如heavy-heavier

④ 双写最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter ☆注意☆ A.比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西.

典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长.)

比较的两者是我的头发,你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性.

应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.

B.形容词的比较级前可用一些表示程度的词来修饰,常用的有:much,a little

C.形容词除了有比较级的形式,还有最高级的形式,其构成一般在词尾加

est,如tallest最高的,最高级前要加the,如He is the tallest one in our class.

D.一般地,两个事物的比较用比较级,三个或三个以上事物的比较用最高

级。

十一.There be句型

there be:表示某地有某物,指没有生命的物体有。

There is+单数名词/不可数名词There's a man at the door.门口有个人。

There is some apple juice in the bottle.瓶子里有些苹果汁

There are+复数名词 There are many books in the schoolbag.

口诀:表示某地有某物,there be要记住。There is,there are,现在某处有某物。There was,there were,过去某处有某物。 There will be 将来某处有某物

注意:There be 遵循“就近原则”,be动词与紧跟其后的名词的数保持一致。如:

There are five books and a ruler in the school bag.

There is a ruler and five books in the school bag.

句型的否定句和疑问句

There be 句型的否定句有两种构成方式,一种是将否定副词not放在be 之后,如:There isn’t a box in the room.房间里没有盒子。

另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no , 如:

There is no water in the bottle.瓶子里没有水。

2.There be 句型的一般疑问句是将be 放在there 之前,回答时用yes或no,后接简单答语。如:

Is there a cake on the table?桌子上有块蛋糕吗?

Yes,there is. / No,there isn’t.是,有。/ 不,没有。

Will there be a party tonight?今晚有聚会吗?

Yes,there will./ No, there won’t是的,有。/ 不,没有。

3.There be 句型的特殊疑问句主要有how many和how much做引导词两种情况:

How many students are there in your school?你们学校有多少学生?

How much money is there in your pocket?你口袋里有多少钱?

There be 结构和have的区别

.区别点:there be 意为存在,强调某地有某物,不表示所属关系;have 表示所有关系,强调某人有某物,

There are some trees in front of the house.房前有些树。

Tom has many friends in China.汤姆在中国有许多朋友。

同一个句子中不可同时用there be和have

十二:句型专项归类

1.肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I'm a student.

He works in a hospital.

There are four fans in our classroom.

He will eat lunch at 12:00.

I watched TV yesterday evening.

2,否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I'm not a student.

He doesn't work in a hospital.

注意:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 "not".有动词be的句子"not"加在be后面,可缩写成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分开写.没有动词

be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面

加上"not",也可把它们缩写在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" .

3,一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用"yes",或"no"来回答. 注意:yes后一定是肯定的语气,没有not,no后一定有not.

如:Are you a student?Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.

Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.

Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

Are there four fans in our classroom?Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not.

Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I won't.

Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.

Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

☆注意☆ 小结:陈述句变一般疑问句:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,

①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.

②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.

这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语

是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" .一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助

动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的.

③作肯定或否定回答时,主语后的be动词,情态动词或助动词要与原一般疑问句句首的词保持一致。具体见以上例句。

4,特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子.此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"来回答.如:

What is this? It's a computer.

What does he do? He's a doctor.

Where are you going? I'm going to Beijing.

Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.

Which season do you like best? Summer.

When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.

Whose skirt is this? It's Amy's.

Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.

How are you? I'm fine. / I'm happy.

How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.

☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如: how many(多少(数量)), how much(多少(钱)), how tall(多高), how long(多长), how big(多大), how heavy(多重) how old(多大年龄)

☆小结:how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,

How many + 名词复数 + do you have 你有多少……

How many + 名词复数 + can you see 你能看见多少……

How many + 名词复数+ are there… 有多少……

广州版小学英语三至六年级词汇-整理

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