英国文学
The Anglo-Saxon Period (450-1066)
Epic
A long narrative poem celebrating the great deeds of one or more legendary heroes in a grand and ceremonious style.
An extended narrative poem with a heroic or superhuman protagonist engaged in an action of great significance in a vast setting (often including the underworld and engaging the gods). Alliteration
Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words
Kennings
A metaphorical phrase used to replace a concrete noun.
Ready made descriptive compound words that evoke vivid images.
Kennings are formed by prepositional phrases, possessive phrases, compound words.
Hard Fact of Life
Continuous warfare Unstable
Concerned about Survive
Primitive
Low literacy
Zero science
Superstitious
Scared
Ghosts , Monsters, Unknown Power
Old English Poetry Oral Craft Scop accompanied by a harp
Two Kinds
Pagan: oral sagas: the Song of Beowulf
Christian: copied by the monk.
Caedmon
Caedmon is the best known of Old English Poets, Father of Old English Poetry
The Venerable Bede
a monk
the most learned man of his time
The Father of English History
Bede: Where History was Made
Saint Bede provided us with a historically rich legacy through the his chronicling of
the English Church .
Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation
Beowulf（The manuscript was written in Old English. ）
Plot fight with Grendel fight with Grendel’s mother
fight with firedrake death and funeral
England’s National Epic
National Hero
The Norman Period (1066-1350)
1. The Norman Conquest
In 1066 battle in Hastings The Normans, from Northern France, Duke William Revolts suppressed; conquest completed;
The Norman Conquest ended the Anglo-Saxon period.
?the body of customs and ideals known as chivalry was introduced by the Normans into England.
?The Knightly code
?the romantic interest in women
The Consequence of the Conquest --Church
Religiously, the Rome-backed Catholic Church had a much stronger control over the country Land---Political Power and Religious Authority
The Consequence of the Conquest --Politics
Politically, a feudalist system
The Consequence of the Conquest-Language
?Three languages co-existed in England
?The Anglo-Saxons, low position; English, despised thing.
?French words of Warfare and chivalry, art and luxury
The Influence of the Norman Conquest on the English Literature---The Romance ?The Norman began to write histories or chronicles.
?Most of them were written in Latin or French.
?The prevailing form of literature in the feudal England was the Romance.
Romance
?Medieval Romance—narrative form that developed in 12th-century France
–Displaced different epic and heroic tales
–Not concerned with heroic age of tribal conflict like epic
–Romance concerned with courtly age of chivalric conduct
–Often written in verse
?quest
?theme of courtly love
?Tournaments, dragons and beasts fought
?ideals of honor, courage, and loyalty
?Supernatural events ：Mysterious spells, magic, sorcery
The Content of Romance
used in popular courtly(宫廷的，朝廷的) stories
Traditional three subjects: the legends about Arthur, Charlemagne and his knights，and stories of classical heroes especially Alexander
?The romance was the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England.
?Form: in verse
?Content: description of life and adventures of a noble hero
?Character: knight with chivalry and devoted to the church and the king
The Romance Cycles/Groups/Divisions
matters of Britain Adventures of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table matters of France Emperor Charlemagne and his peers
matters of Rome Alexander the Great and the attacks of Troy
The Class Nature (阶级性) of the Romance
●Loyalty to king and lord was the theme of the romances, as loyalty was the corner-stone
of feudal morality.
●The romances were composed not for the common but for the noble, of the noble, and by
the poets patronized by the noble.
The Age of Geoffrey Chaucer
Literary career
The French period (The Book of the Duchess)
The Italian period (Troilus and Criseyde)
The mature period (The Canterbury Tales)
―Father‖ of English poetry
–Introduce the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry (e.g. heroic couplet)
–Use of the English language
Iambic foot (iamb):An unstressed syllable followed by an stressed
five feet pentameter
Chaucer’s plan
30 pilgrims 4 stories each altogether 120 stories24 tales
Narrative structure ：allowed Chaucer the freedom to create a variety of matter in a unified form
The first important realistic writer
–Present a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society
–Create a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life –Chaucer is free to use tales to convey multiple themes
–Creates a microcosm of medieval English life
–Paints a multifaceted picture of humanity
History of the Tales
?First book of poetry purposely written in the English language
?Set a precedent and poets from Shakespeare to Dryden and Keats to Eliot owe him a debt
of gratitude
Messenger of Humanism
–Affirm man's right to pursue earthly happiness
–Praise man's energy, intellect and love of life
–Expose and satirize the social vices,
The 15th Century
Ballads anonymous narrative songs that are preserved by oral transmission.
Created and preserved by the people
One of the first recorded versions in 18th century: Thomas Percy
Reliques of Ancient English Poetry
Plot beginning close to the climactic episode of the Story.
?Use of repetition and refrain ( repetition with variation)
?Pausing
The Ballad Meter
?Four-Line Stanzas
?The even numbered lines rhyme
?Odd-numbered lines have four feet
?The even numbered lines have three feet each
?Refrain at the end of each stanza（Usually the second and the forth line rhyme.）
The English Renaissance
"Renaissance" means rebirth or revival
A movement
Began in in the 14th century in Italy and later spread to France, Spain, the Netherlands, and England.
Why Italy?
The year 1453
Historical Background
The Tudor Dynasty
Henry VII
The Bible in English was placed in every church and services were held in English.
The Anglican Church
Rule of Tolerance
Humanism
1. To exalt human elements or stress the importance of human interests, as opposed to the
supernatural, divine elements—or as opposed to the grosser, animal elements
2. To see human beings as glorious creatures capable of individual development Edmund Spenser
allegori cal poem The Faerie Queene Spenserian stanza
Plays
Historical Background Peace and Prosperity Victory and Vision
●The Discovery of New Routes
●The demand for larger supply
●The enclosure
●The rise of the burghers
●The peasants moved in
The Flourishing of Drama
●Growing towns and cities
●Limited means of entertaining themselves
●The Structure of the theater
●The influence of the Greek Dramatists
●The first modern drama
Drama
●is ―a composition in prose or verse, adapted to be acted upon a stage, in which a
story is related by means of dialogue and action, and is represented with
accompanying gesture, costume, and scenery, as in real life.‖
Shakespeare King Lear Macbeth Othello Hamlet
What’s the theme of the sonnet?
Power of art, power of man
Beauty and youth can be everlasting with the help of literature, which is eventually created by human being
Why the poem is called sonnet in terms of poetic form?
The sonnet, an exact form of poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter intricately rhymed
What is Shakespearian sonnet?
Four-part sonnet: beginning; development; transition; conclusion (couplet)
Rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef dd, in according with the four divided part in structure
Shakespearian sonnet consists of 14 iambic pentameter lines, divided into 3 quatrains followed by a couplet. The rhyme is abab cdcd efef gg. In a Shakespearian sonnet, each quatrain deals with a different aspect of the subject and the couplet either summarizes the theme or makes a final, sometimes contradictory comment.
How many sonnets did Shakespeare write in his lifetime?
154 sonnets varied in theme: love, friendship and ideal.
Hamlet
Term of Soliloquy
a dramatic speech uttered by one character speaking aloud while alone on the stage.
The soliloquist reveals his or her inner thoughts and feelings to the audience.
What is the main plot of Hamlet?
What dose Hamlet decide to choose, to live or not to live?
To live
What is Hamlet’s attitude towards death?
To die is to sleep, no more.
How do you evaluate Hamlet’s characterization?
neither a weak-minded youth nor a thought-sick dreamer,
a humanist
unbounded love for the world;
cherishes a profound reverence for man
firm belief in man’s power over destiny.
What is Humanism? How do the sonnet 18 and Hamlet show the author’s humanistic ideas?
Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. Human values are greatly emphasized in this period. Humanism see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy. Humanists also believe that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this world, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.
This play is usually regarded as the summit of Shakespeare’s art.
Sonnet 18 defies the power of death and glorifies the power of art and power of man.
Hamlet defies the power of death and elevates the glory of action
the Religious Reformation:
a) Church of England broke away from authority of Pope and Roman Catholic Church
b) Anglican Church and Protestantism
c) brought serious events and results: decline of feudalism, rise of nationalism, invention of printing press, circulation of Bible texts, transmission of new knowledge and ideas Religious and political movement
The 17TH Century
Historical Background
?Queen Elizabeth—Charles I
?Bourgeois Revolution
?Puritans
?The Grand Remonstrance
?Oliver Cromwell
?William of Orange
Metaphysical Poets
?were a loose group of British lyric poets of the 17th century
?intellect rather than emotions,
?rational discussion instead of reliance on intuition
Cavalier Poets
John Milton
?an ardent Puritan
? a Latin Secretary for Cromwell
? a prominent prose pamphleteer
? a real revolutionary
Paradise Lost
?Paradise Lost: considered the greatest English epic,
?Miltonic style:
? a grand style with long and powerful blank verse and the theme of universe
?the biblical legend —Genesis (创世纪)
? a biblical story of Adam and Eve with God and Lucifer (Satan)
Book I General introduction, Satan recovers from the Fall
Book II Satan begins his journey through chaos to the world
Book III Satan's arrives on earth; God prophecies man's disobedience
Book IV Satan views Adam and Eve and tempts her in a dream
Book V Eve's Dream; Raphael comes to warn them, tells of the war in heaven
Book VI Raphael completes the war story and tells of victory by the Son
Book VII Raphael tells of the creation of the world and man
Book VIII Adam tells his own story; Raphael again cautions him
Book IX Satan succeeds in tempting Eve, and she corrupts Adam
Book X Divine retribution; Adam and Eve's remorse and reconciliation
Book XI The Son's intercession, God's decision, Michael's prophecies
Book XII Michael's prophecies, continued, and the final expulsion
Time arrangement
?Fall of the angels (13 days)
?Creation of the world (7days)
?Fall of Man (13 days)
Blank Verse
It refers to poems of unrhymed lines, usually written in Iambic Pentameter.
Antithesis:对偶
A rhetorical device : A contrast or opposition in the meanings of contiguous phrases or clauses that share a similar word order and structure
Paradox
?An apparently logically self-contradictory or absurd statement, the underlying meaning of
which is revealed only by careful scrutiny.
?The purpose of a paradox is to arrest attention and provoke fresh thought.
Miltonic Style
rich, complex,
odd syntax long sentences run-on lines
difficult vocabulary
英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)
.. ;.. 一．中古英语时期 Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly a dventures or other heroic deeds. Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance Renaissance r efers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth r eigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance i s the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance E ngland are Christopher Marlowe and W illiam Shakespeare. The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was Christopher Marlowe. Francis Bacon was the best known essayist of this period. “Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. Thomas More ——Utopia Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene C. Beowulf D. Hamlet 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare “All t he world 's a stage, a nd all the men and women merely p layers.”——William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have
《英美文学资料》word版
《英美文学》（03119）复习大纲 第一部分英国文学 一、课程简介 本课程简要介绍英国各个历史断代的主要文学文化思潮,文学流派,主要作家; 本课程要求学生掌握英国文学史上各个时期的文学特点，出现的文学流派以及该时期一至两位重要作家的文学生涯,创作思想,艺术特色及代表作品；并要求学生做到在掌握有关知识理论的基础上使之转换这能力，即能用有关知识和理论来分析英国文学中的相关问题。 二、课程重点章节简介： 第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学 1. <<贝尔武夫>> 2. 乔叟及其代表作 第二章: 文艺复兴时期 1. 文艺复兴的定义 2. 萨士比亚的戏剧及十四行诗 3. 培根的代表作 第三章: 十七世纪英国文学 1.弥尔顿的代表作<<失乐园>>、诗剧<<力士参孙>>的主要内容及<<
失乐园>>选短
第四章: 启蒙运动时期 1.新古典主义 2.伤感主义 3.笛福及代表作 4.蒲伯及代表作 第五章: 浪漫主义时期 1.浪漫主义时期文学的特点 2.彭斯的创作特点及代表作 3.华兹华斯的创作特点及代表作 4.拜伦诗歌的特点及代表作 第六章: 维多利亚时期 1.维多利亚时期的文学特点 2.布朗蒂姐妹的代表作 第七章: 现代时期 1.现代主义文学 2.汤姆斯.哈代创作特点及代表作 3. D.H.劳伦斯创作特点及代表作 三、本课程重点和难点内容简介 第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学： 1．<<贝尔武夫>>简介及在英国文学史上的意义。
2．乔叟及其代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》对英国文学做出的贡献。3．名词解释“骑士抒情诗” 第二章: 文艺复兴时期： 1.文艺复兴时期的时间界定 2.“文艺复兴”的名词解释 3.“人文主义” 的名词解释 4.莎士比亚的“Sonnet 18”的主题 5.哈姆雷特的性格分析 6.英语解释《论学习》中的句子 第三章: 十七世纪英国文学： 1.英语解释弥尔顿《失乐园》选段中的句子 2.《失乐园》的主要内容和意义 3.《失乐园》中撒旦的人物分析 第四章: 启蒙运动时期： 1.启蒙运动时期的界定 2.新古典主义的基本主张和特色 3.伤感主义的名词解释 4.《鲁滨逊漂流记》中鲁滨逊的人物分析 5.蒲伯的《论批评》的主题
英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案
考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
英国文学概述-王守仁
英国文学概述－王守仁 英国文学概述 英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响，文学内部遵循自身规律，历经盎格鲁—撒克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段。下面对英国文学的发展过程作一概述。 一、中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485） 英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样，不是书面的，而是口头的。故事与传说口头流传，并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展，最后才有写本。公元5世纪中叶，盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。盎格鲁—撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中，最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf），它被认为是英国的民族史诗。《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事，具有神话传奇色彩。这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说，随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国，现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的，当时，不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。因此，《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌，呈现出新旧生活方式的混合，兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想，体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。 公元1066年，居住在法国北部的诺曼底人在威廉公爵率领下越过英吉利海峡，征服英格兰。诺曼底人占领英格兰后，封建等级制度得以加强和完备，法国文化占据主导地位，法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇，流传最广的是关于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 1375-1400）以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材，歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德，是中古英语传奇最精美的作品之一。传奇文学专门描写高贵的骑士所经历的冒险生活和浪漫爱情，是英国封建社会发展到成熟阶段一种社会理想的体现。 14世纪以后，英国资本主义工商业发展较快，市民阶级兴起，英语逐渐恢复了它的声誉，社会各阶层普遍使用英语，为优秀英语文学作品的产生提供了条件。杰弗利?乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer, 1343-1400）的出现标志着以本土文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）以一群香客从伦敦出发去坎特伯雷朝圣为线索，通过对香客的生动描绘和他们沿途讲述的故事，勾勒出一幅中世纪英国社会千姿百态生活风貌的图画。乔叟首创英雄诗行，即五步抑扬格双韵体，对英诗韵律作出了很大贡献，被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。乔叟的文笔精练优美，流畅自然，他的创作实践将英语提升到一个较高的文学水平，推动了英语作为英国统一的民族语言的进程。 二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初） 相对于欧洲其他国家来说，英国的文艺复兴起始较晚，通常认为是在15世纪末。文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义，它主张以人为本，反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观，提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。托马斯?莫尔（Thomas More, 1478-1535）是英国最主要的早期人文主义者，他的《乌托邦》（Utopia）批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会，设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
英国文学下半部分总结
一：The Eighteenth Century(1688---1798)-----The Age of Reason/Enlightenment 1)Pope 18世纪被称为是Pope的时代，18世纪最伟大的诗人，其诗多用 “heroic couplet” 1)16岁Pastorals《田园诗》 2)1711 Essay on Criticism《批评论》—heroic couplets and didactic poem 3)1714 The Rape of the Lock《卷发遇劫记》—a mock-heroic poem 4)The Dunciad《群愚史诗》 5)Essay on man《人论》—philosophical poem in heroic couplets 6)Imitation of Horace《仿贺拉斯》 7)Epistle to Dr.Arbuthnot《致阿勃诺斯特医生书》 2)Swift 讽刺作家 1)1704 A Tale of a Tub《木桶的故事》—parable寓言 2)1704 The Battle of the Books《书站》 3)1708 Bickerstaff Almanac《比克斯塔福历书》 4)1708 Elegy of Mr.Partridge《帕特里奇挽歌》 5)1708 Vindication of Isaac Bickerstaff《艾萨克·比克斯塔福的辩护》 6)1726，10 Gulliver’s Travels《格里佛游记》 7)Pamphlets on Ireland(小论文) 关于爱尔兰的小册子 （1）The Drapier’s Letters《布商的书信》 （2） A Modest Proposal《一个小小的建议》 8)Tragic love affairs: Candenus and V anessa《坎迪纳斯和文莎》、Journal to Stella《给斯拉特的信》—love-letters 9)1745 On the Death of Dr. Swift 3)Defoe “the pioneer novelist of England”英国现实主义小说开创人， 1)1701 Trueborn Englishman—A Satire《纯血统英国人》---- pamphlet 2)1702 The Shortest Way with the Dissenters《铲除新教徒的途径》 3)1703,5 Hymn to the Pillory《木枷颂》 4)The Review《评论报》—a political and literary magazine 5)代表作Robinson crusoe《鲁比逊漂流记》 Captain Singleton 《辛格顿船长》 Moll Flanders 《莫尔·弗兰德斯》 Colonel Jacque《雅克上校》 4. Richardson 1)1740 Pamela《帕米拉》或者Virtue Rewarded:In a Series of Familiar Letters from a Beaytiful Y oung Damsel to Her Parents—书信体形式 Epistolary novels，a long tale 2)1747-1748 Clarissa《克拉丽莎》—the best one 3)1753-1754 Sir Charles Grandison《查尔斯·格兰迪森爵士的历史》5. Fielding “ father of English Novel”英国小说之父
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一．中古英语时期 ?Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. ?The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. ?Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. ?Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance ?Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. ?It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. ?Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. ?This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth reigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England ? ?“Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. ?Thomas More ——Utopia ?Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 ? 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? ? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene ? C. Beowulf D. Hamlet ? 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. ? A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare ? C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer ? 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. ? A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer ? C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare ?“All the world 's a stage, and all the men and women merely players.”——William Shakespeare ?William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have
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