英语二
一、课程介绍
1、词汇及结构题
该部分为单项选择题,10道题，共10分。主要考查考生对语法结构的综合运用能力测试重点包括动词时态，被动语态，虚拟语气，动词不定式，分词，动名词，情态动词，强调句，倒装句等。
2、完形填空题
10道题，共10分。这类试题主要通过对“断裂”信息的补充这种方式考查考生的语篇理解能力及综合运用语言能力。对于这类题除了平时多练习打好基本功外，还要多阅读，增强语感。
解题时首先要通读全文，理解文章全文，然后根据上下文内容和所提供的答案逐一填充。力求上下文意思完整通顺、思想连贯、符合逻辑。
3、阅读理解
三篇文章每篇五道题共30分。是对学生的阅读能力、阅读技巧和阅读速度的全面考查。是占比重较大的一个题型。
常见的题型有：主旨大意题，事实细节题，推理判断题，词义理解题等。针对不同的题型可采取不同的阅读方法。
4、单词拼写
20道题共10分。给出汉语意思及英文的首字母不全单词。主要是名词、动词、形容词。
5、词型转换题
共10道题10分.这部分主要是考查学生对单词的了解和对整句话得了解。单词均来自教材同时掌握动词的时态，形容词的比较级以及前缀后缀的用法。
6、翻译题
汉译英为单句翻译共五个句子15分。翻译是要符合英语习惯，不可逐字翻译，要注意英语的语序、时态、语气句型及各种词类的用法等。
英译汉为段落翻译，翻译时要注意重点词语及句型的翻译。译文要做到通顺、准确、易懂。
Unit1
Text A How difficult is English?
单词讲解：
1.fervor n.热烈，热诚，热情
2. private adj 私人的，个人的----privacy n.隐私
3.tutor 家庭教师，导师
4. sacrifice vt 用···作祭品
In some countries, animals are sacrificed to a god.
Vt. 牺牲，献出
A mother will sacrifice her life for her children.
He sacrificed a promising career to look after his handicapped daughter.
n. 祭品，祭献；牺牲，献出
Parents often make sacrifices for their children.
5.determination n.决心，决定 determination to do sth. determine v.确定，测定 determine to do sth.
6.amount n.金额，一笔；数量（多与不可数名词连用）
It’s best to cook vegetables with a small amount of water.
v. amount to 达到··之多相当于，意味着，实际上昰
7．master n.& vt.掌握
8. undoubtedly av 毫无疑问地，十分肯定地
9. unintelligible a.难理解的，晦涩的
10. intelligible a.明白易懂的
11．annoy v.使烦恼,打扰 annoyance n. be annoyed with 对-感到烦恼The way she ordered me really annoyed me.
12.address vt. 向···讲话；写信给；称呼
addressee 听者，受话者 employee 雇员 trainee被培训的人
https://www.360docs.net/doc/608730292.html,cept n.概念，观念
14.token n.标志，象征，符号
by the same token 同样的道理
She must be more reasonable, but by the same token__ you must try to understand her.
15. hospitable a. 好客的，热情的
The local people were very kind and hospitable.
16. offhandedly av.随即，事先无准备的
offhand a.说话漫不经心的唐突的
17. meanwhile av.当时，同时
18.shock vt. & vi. 镇静，震动 n.镇静，震动
19. craving n.渴望，热望 have a craving for
20.memorize v.记忆 memory n.记忆
21.mechanically adv 机械地，僵死地
22.devastating a 破坏的 devastation n. devastate v.
23. inefficient a.低效率的
24.efficient a 高效的 efficiency n.
25.alphabetic a. alphabet n.
26. contact n. 接触，联络 have contact with
contact vt 联系 contact sb.
27.fascinate vt. 迷住 fascinating a.
fascination n. have a fascination for 对··十分感性趣
hold/have a fascination for sb.对某人有吸引力
28. dishearten v.使人丧失信心
hearten v 使高兴，鼓舞
29. oriental a.东方的 western a 西方的
30.confrontation n. confront v 对抗
She stayed in her room to avoid confrontation with others.
31. confrontation n.对抗，冲突 confront v.勇敢的面对，对抗
32. confusion n.混乱，混淆 confuse v. 把人弄糊涂 confused a.
33. gender n.性别
34. mention n & vt 提及，提到
35. tolerance n.提及，提到 tolerant a.
36. goal n.目标，目的 reach a goal
37. command n. vt掌握，把握 have a good command of
38. overcome vt. 克服
39.barrier n. 妨碍物，障碍
40. fluency n. 流利 fluent a
41. wholly adv.完全地，整体地
How difficult is English?
1 Like the national push for Asian literacy(亚洲语言) in Australia, there has been foreign languages fervor in China, with English on top of the list. English is not only taught at schools, colleges and universities, but also at evening classes, on radio and TV. Parents hire private tutors for their school children; adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with people of the same interest and determination. Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time an energy before it is mastered?(invest vt.vi. 投资（引申）把时间等用在ex. he invested a lot of time in trying to help those
homeless children. )The answer, if I am asked to offer, is undoubtedly, yes.（Ex. He didn’t even offer to help.）就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样，中国也掀起一股外语热，在这股热潮中，英语高居榜首。不仅各级学校教英语，夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。
父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教，成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日，到公园参加英语角，与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。英语真的有这么难，需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗?如果我被问及这个问题，那么毫无疑问，我的答案是：是的。
2 From my personal experience, I think learning English means far more than leaning its pronunciation, its grammatical rules, its words, etc.It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it. Without such a complete understanding of the language, the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation, sentence structure and the words he use.
从我个人的经验来看，英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等，它包括学习与使用该语言
的国家和民族有关的所有内容。对英语没有这样全面的理解，即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误，一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。
3 The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute (促使
某种情况)a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it.（contribute to：无论是动词形式，还是名词形式contribution，都代表了“对…贡献”、“促进”，同时注意to为介词，后面一定
要用动名词形式。Most people contributed （捐献,捐赠）something towards the new church buildings.) Take the Chinese English learners for example. ”Hello”and “good morning”may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people. It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learners that native English speakers would be annoyed when they’re addressed “Where are you going?”which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese. Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure? Of course not. It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learners to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. By the same token,” Have you eaten?” will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. Meanwhile, the Chinese would be shocked to
hear,”
craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet.讲英语民族者的社会
风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度以学英语的中国人为例，"你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的"你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语，若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?"，他们会因此感到不悦，这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。这个英语句子结构不对吗? 当然不是。学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食，又碰巧没有吃饭，他会回答"太好了，什么时候?"，中国人为此也会大吃一惊。同样，英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语)，会觉得中国人非常好客，会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。
4 “we can say we are going to have chicken for dinner. Why can’t we say pig, bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork, beef or mutton? ”Chinese English learners may raise such questions. Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar
English vocabulary is no (表示与句中提到截然不同的情况)easy task for Chinese English learners. But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would (虚拟语气)be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history. Thus learning English involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken. A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak a western
language other than English because
worked in modern history. Consequently, the background knowledge of English fascinated large numbers of interested and determined English learners in China but at the same time disheartens quite a few.中国的英语学习
者可能会这样问："我们可以说吃鸡，为什么不能说吃猪、吃牛、吃羊，而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、羊肉呢?"对学习英语的中国人来说，为这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易事。问题在于如果不懂英国历史，死记硬背英语单词毫无效率。所以说，学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习使用该语言国家的历史知识。学习英语的中国人要做到这一点比其他非英语国家的西方人要困难得多，因为汉字和英语这种拼音文字毫无共同之处，并且中国和西方世界在近代史上很少接触。所以，在中国，英语背景知识既吸引了大量英语爱好者，也使许多人丧失信心。
5The western and oriental values are found to be in confrontation in learning English.Native English speakers may complain about Chinese confusion when using he and she, for the two words sound the same, though, different in written forms in Chinese. As a result, some native English speakers conclude that the Chinese are unable to tell the difference between the two sexes. But native English speakers are more gender blind than the Chinese when they mention their cousins. The confusion caused yb the confrontation of western and Chinese values, to certain extent, affects the Chinese English learner’s comprehension of what he/she reads and hears. Only by developing an
understanding and tolerance of different cultural values can a Chinese English learner reach the goal of communicating with native English speakers.(倒装句型)
英语学习中，东西方的价值观念是相互冲突的。英语母语的人会混淆汉语中"他""她"的用法，因为这两个字尽管字形不同，读音却相同，他们因此常常抱怨。东西方价值观的冲突造成的语言上的混淆，在一定程度上影响学习英语的中国人对自己所读或所听到的内容的理解。但是在涉及表亲的时候，英语母语的人更是混淆性别结果有些英语母语的人得出结论，认为中国人不区分两种性别。学习英语的中国人只有增加不同文化价值观之间的理解和宽容，才能达到与英语母语者交流的目标。
6 A Chinese English learner could not have a good command of English unless he overcomes the cultural barriers in learning English. Many Chinese translate what they think about in Chinese into English when they talk or write. This kind of English inevitable affects the fluency and flow of speech, the amount of information conveyed, and, above all, the quality of communication.学习英语的中国人，只有在学习英语的过程中克服文化障碍才能很好地掌握英语。
(当然不可能是克服全部文化障碍!)很多中国人说话或写作的时候，将自己汉语思维的内容翻译成英语，这势必会影响英语表达的流畅、传达的信息量，最重要的是，影响交流的质量。
7 The above is, not wholly, how difficult English is. Some native speakers might have said, ”Y ou foreigners don’t use good English!”at the time a foreigner fails to understand what he is saying. “Why should I?” I would protest, though. Still, I have to keep asking myself: is it possible for a foreigner to command English? Ex. Even if Mandy protests that she is not drunk, don’t let her drive.尽管不完全，
以上就是学习英语的困难. 英语母语者被外国人误解的时候可能会说："你们外国人不懂地道的英语!"我要反驳："我们为什么要懂?"我还要问：一个外国人可能精通英语吗?
Text B
linguist n. 语言学家
environment n. 环境
process n. 过程，进程
psycologist n. 心理学家，心理学者
adult n. 成人
usage n. 用法
expose vt. 使暴露，使曝露
method n. 方法
communicate vi. 交流，交际
Learning a language
Most students would like to know how to learn a language more easily. Most linguists and language teachers would also like to know this. Linguists are working on(致力于) this problem in tow ways. First, they are trying to understand how children learn to speak and understand their native language. They are also trying to learn how people learn a second language.（第二语言）大
部分学生都想知道如何能够轻松地学好一门语言，大部分语言学家和语言教师也想弄清楚这个问题。
语言学家从两个方面研究这个问题。一方面，他们致力于弄清楚儿童是如何学会母语、理解母语的。
另一方面致力于研究人是如何学习第二语言的。
Linguists are not sure how children learn to speak. Some linguists think that children are born with （生来具有）an ability to learn and use a language. This does not mean that they come into the world knowing their native language. It means that, along with（一起，一道）many other things, they are born with the ability to learn their native language. With just a little exposure to the language, and a little help from their parents, they are able to learn to speak. Another group of linguists does not think this is correct.语言学家并不确定儿童是如何学说话的。一
些语言学家认为儿童生来就有学习和使用语言的能力。
这并不是指一个人的母语是与生俱来的而是指一个人生来具有学习其母语的能力，这种能力与人在其他方面表现出来的能力是相同的。孩子只要与要学习的语言有一定接触，在父母的些许帮助下就能够学会说话。
另外一派语言学家则对此持有异议。
This second group of linguists thinks that children learn to use a language from t heir parents. They believe that parents teach their children to produce sound and words in their language. When children know some words, their parents will begin to teach them to say sentences. These linguists do not think that parents teach their children in the same way（以同样的方式）that adults are taught a second language. Instead, parents probably teach their children by talking to them and correcting their use of language .These linguists feel that children learn their language mainly from the environment. In the case, the environment is their family and their home. As you see, the first group of linguists disagrees.
持反对意见的语言学家认为儿童是跟着父母学会使用语言的。他们认为父母首先教孩子发声、吐字。
当孩子掌握一定词汇以后，父母就开始教他们如何组织句子。但是他们认为，父母教孩子的方式不同于教成年人学习第二语言的方法。相反，父母是通过与孩子交谈并纠正他们的语言错误来教孩子说话的。
这一派语言学家认为，儿童主要通过语言环境学会使用语言的。这种情况下，语言环境是家庭和生活环境。可以看出，第一派语言学家对此并不赞同。
There are some other theories about how children learn a language. Many people are studying the process of language learning by children. This work is being done in many countries. Lisguists are not the only people who are interested in this process . Many psychologists, doctors, and parents are also interested. People who teach foreign languages are interested, too.关于儿童如何学
习语言还有一些其他理论。许多国家中有很多人正着手研究儿童学习语言的过程。不仅语言学家，许多心理学家、医生和父母都对儿童的语言学习过程感兴趣。
Foreigh language teachers are interested in how children learn to speak their
native language for a very important reason. If they knew how children learn
their native language , perhaps they would have an easy way to teach adults, as
well as children, a second language. This is a very interesting idea. Some foreign
language teachers believe that adults learn a second language the same way children learn their native language. These teachers try to make their students’learning similar to that of children.These teachers speak only the foreign language in the classroom.They will not talk to students in the native language. They try to expose them to as much of the spoken foreign language as possible. They do not teach them any rules for language usage, either. They simply tell them how to say something correctly. Foreign language teachers using this spoken language method do the same thing. For some students, this method is successful. They learn to speak quickly and easily. They seem to enjoy using the language ,and they do not pay much attention to whether they use exactly the right rules for what they say. Some students, however, cannot learn a language this way. Linguists are trying to find another way to teach them a language.外语
教师对儿童如何学说母语感兴趣，有其很重要的原因。他们如果知道儿童如何学习母语，就可能找到一种简便的方法教儿童和成年人学习第二语言。这是一种非常有意思的想法。有些外语教师认为成年人学习第二语言的过程和儿童学习母语的过程是相同的。这部分外语教师模仿儿童学习语言的过程组织教学：
课堂上只讲外语，不与学生讲母语。他们使学生尽可能多地接触所学外语的口语形式，不教学生语言使用的规则。外语教师采用这种口语教法是因为大多数父母在教孩子说话的时候也不教孩子语言使用规
则，而只是告诉孩子怎样讲话是正确的。对一些学生来说，这种方法是成功的，他们能够轻而易举地、很快地学会所学的语言。他们似乎很喜欢去用所学的语言，并不很在意是否使用了正确的语言规则。另外一些学生则不适合这种方法。因此，语言学家着手寻找一种适合他们的教学方法。
A second method ,the rule-learning method,sometimes works better with these students. Some linguists believe that learning a foreign language is different from learning to speak one’s native language . They feel that students must learn the rules for using the language by memorizing them and must practice saying things in the language and using the rules correctly. These linguists try to teach students the rules of the language they want to learn. Then they give them many
sentences in the language to say over and over again. The students are encouraged to make up new sentences, using the rules that they have learned and the words that they know.另外一种方法--语言规则学习法--更适合这部分学生。一些语言学
家认为学习外语不同于学习母语。学生必须通过记忆来学习语言使用规则，必须练习使用这种语言，练习正确地使用这些规则。语言教师首先教学生要学的语法规则，再给学生一些例句让他们反复练习，同时鼓励学生使用所学过的语法规则和他们所掌握的词造句。
Some students are very successful with this second, rule-learning method. They learn the language quite quickly and can use it well. They know the rules for using the language ,and can speak the language and understand it, too. For many students ,this is the best way to learn a foreign language. For some students,both of these methods may work. Sometimes teachers use a combination of these methods in class, hoping that everyone will be able to learn the language with one method or the other. Some people can go to a country and ‘pick up’the language simply from hearing it and trying to communicate in it. These people are rare.一些学生使用这种语法规则学习法效果非常好，他们学得很快，用得也好。
他们掌握了语言使用规则，能够使用所学的语言，也能够理解别人的话。对一些学生来说，这是学外语最好的方法。对另外一些学生来说，两种方法都行之有效。有时候，老师在课堂上将两种方法结合起来用，目的是让每个学生都能受益。有些人能够到国外通过倾听，与人交流等手段自然而然的学会那个国家的语言。但这毕竟是少数人。
Most people try to learn a language by taking classes and studying it in some way. Most teachers will try different ways to help students learn a language quickly and easily. Linguists and psychologists are trying to understand how people learn and use a language. Perhaps language learning will be easier when they have a clear understanding of how people learn and use a language.大多数人
还是通过课堂或者其他方式来学语言的。大多数老师也通过不同的教法来帮助学生轻松快速的学会一门语言。语言学家和心理学家正致力于弄清楚人是如何学会并使用语言的。也许在解决了这个问题之后，语言学习会变得容易一些。
自考英语二怎么学
自考英语二怎么学 自考英语二怎么学 1 英语(二)词汇记忆方法 英语二词汇要求达到3800词，词组750.有的同学问是不是就只要背下册书的词汇就行了，回答是不够的，肯定是不够的，因为词汇没有说只考下册，上册也要背。但是有人说我短期内怎么记住这些大量的词汇呢?大家词汇学习第一个应该是有一定的时间，因为有的同学说一个星期或者两个星期教给你方法能够记住几千，他这个方法有点儿像变魔术，不太现实，我觉得词汇是一个积累。因为从心理学角度来讲学词汇有两个方向，一个方向是要把词汇学习的时候印象深刻，一个词能够像串葡萄似的串出一串来，比如同义词、反义词、近义词，应该把有关联的词相互记忆。第二，词汇一定得重复，从心理学角度学词必须这样。 2 英语(二)学习重点 英语是一种语言，任何语言都是由词和句子构成的，所以光会了词，不会把这些词组成句子是不行的，因此怎么组成句子呢?得知道组成句子的规则，还有一些习惯用法，你必须要了解这种语言的文化，所以说学英语光学词是不行的，因此是除了学词以外还得学词的用法以及文化，习惯用法就是一种文化，死背根本记不住。为什么记不住?背的这个词应该是灵活的，怎么灵活呢?这个词首先要知道词性是什么，做个句子，学了一个词不会做句子造一个短语，还要大声的念，李阳疯狂英语为什么风靡全国，就是要把词大声地念出来，这样从耳朵里能够听进去的，对大脑的刺激比眼睛里看见的要强得多，所以学习词汇的一个技巧要大声念，要组一个词或者组一个短语，这样记忆比光看两遍、写几遍要好得多。
3 英语(二)考前冲刺方法 最好的方法应该是做冲刺的题目，所谓冲刺的题目就是要做一些题目跟考试的真题一样的，每一部分都是给自己做测试，做模拟题，比如要设定时间是2个半小时，考试是2个半小时，你就要用2个 半小时做模拟卷然后做考试题，因为考试的真题都有答案，最后对 一下答案看得多少分。 4 英语(二)考试如何安排考场时间 考试时间安排，总有最后的翻译题来不及做的这种情况，所以我跟大家讲主观性题目，我刚才说了有30%，一定要留出足够的时间，至少三分之一的时间来做。有一部分比较难的，就像完形填空，那 个只有10分，但是有大部分同学在那儿花的时间太多了，完形填空 一段文章是比较难的，把10个空填进去，如果耗费了很多时间不值得。因为完形填空一般的同学语法知识比较差的话，做不好这道题。但是像第一个题目词汇结构题，如果有一定的语法知识这道题应该 是可以拿到分的。再有阅读理解题，也是30分，有的同学最后来不 及把文章仔细看，就随便乱选了很容易选错，所以把三分之一的时 间一定要留给阅读理解，还有三分之一的时间留给主观性题目就是 翻译题。 注意事项 备考英语(二)最大的资本就是课本，考生最少要留一个月时间，把课文从头到尾复习一遍，力求吃透课本知识。 重复学习法当感到知识已经掌握得的差不多的时候，再重复学一次。这一次也许会获得更深的印象和更多的体会。 换位思考法在自学中，不要老是把你自己当成是“学生”，处于被动地位，而要不断的把自己摆放到“先生”的位置上，采取主动，产生不同的想法来。
自考英语二课后习题答案
自考英语二课后习题答案 【篇一：自考英语2课后练习答案(已经整理过)】 第一部分 text a 【课文译文】 怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者 决策是从可供挑选的行动方案中作出选择，目的在于确定并实现组 织机构的目标 或目的。之所以要决策是因为存在问题，或是目标或目的不对，或 某种东西妨碍目标或目的实现。 因此，决策过程对于管理人员非常重要。管理者所做的一切几乎都 与决策有关， 事实上，有人甚至认为管理过程就是决策过程。虽然决策者不能预 测未来，但他们的许多决策要求他们必须考虑未来可能会发生的情况。管理者必须对未来的事情作出最佳的猜测，并使偶然性尽可能 少地发生。但因为总是存在着未知情况，所以决策往往伴随着风险。有时失误的决策带来的后果不很严重，但有时就会不堪设想。 选择就是从多种选项中进行取舍，没有选择，就没有决策。决策本 身就是一个选 择的过程，许多决策有着很广的选择范围。例如，学生为了实现自 己获得学位的目标，可能会从多门课程中进行选择，对于管理者来说，每一个决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等方面的制约，这 些制约存在于一个组织的各个部门里。 选项就是可供选择的种种可行的行动方案。没有选项，就没有选择，因而也就没 有决策。如果看不到任何选项，这意味着还没有对问题进行彻底的 研究。例如，管理者有时会用“非此即彼”的方式处理问题，这是他 们简化问题的方法。这种简化问题的习惯常常使他们看不到其他的 选项。 在管理这个层次上，制定决策包括：识别选项和缩小选项范围，其 范围小到微乎 其微，大到近乎无限。 决策者必须有某种方法来断定几种选项中的最佳选项，即哪个选项 最有利于实现
山东自考英语二课文翻译
Unit 1 Text A How Difficult Is English? 英语有多难 Like the national push for Asian literacy （n.有文化，有教养，有读写能力）in Australia，就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样，there has been foreign languages fervor[f??v?] in China，中国也掀起一股外语热，with English on top of the list. 在这股热潮中，英语高居榜首。English is not only taught at schools，colleges and universities，but also at evening classes，on radio and TV．不仅各级学校教英语，夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。Parents hire private tutors for their school children；父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教，adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination. 成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日，到公园参加英语角，与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? 英语真的有这么难，需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? The answer，if I am asked to offer，is undoubtedly，yes．如果我被问及这个问题，那么毫无疑问，我的答案是：是的。From my personal experience, 从我个人的经验来看，I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation，its grammatical rules，its words，etc．英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等，It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it．它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。Without such a complete understanding of the language, 对英语没有这样全面的理解，the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation，sentence structure and the words he uses．即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误，一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it．讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。Take the Chinese English learners for example．以学英语的中国人为例，" Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people．"你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?"，which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese．"你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语，若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?"，他们会因此感到不悦，这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? 这个英语句子结构不对吗? Of course not．当然不是。It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. 学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。By the same token，同样，"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. 英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语)，会觉得中国人非常好客，会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。Meanwhile，the Chinese would be shocked to hear，"Oh，it's very nice of you．When?"，if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet.如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食，又碰巧没有吃饭，他会回答"太好了，什么时候?"，中国人为此也会大吃一惊。 "We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner．Why can't we say pig，bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork，beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions．中国的英语学习者可能会这样问："我们可以说吃鸡，为什么不能说吃猪、吃牛、吃羊，而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、羊肉呢?"Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners．对学习英语的中国人来说，为这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易事。But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history．问题在于如果不懂英国历史，死记硬背英语单词毫无效率。Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken．所以说，学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习使用该语言国家的历史知识。A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak
自考英语二历年试题真题及答案
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork. A. persuade B .pursue C. persist 2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions. A. obligation 3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag. B .for 4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media. 5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along. realized I realize did realize I 6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer. 7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year. A .importance B. attention 8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes. A. that 9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. through in for after over on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is. out out out out II. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 People in all parts of the world are observing "No Tobacco Day". It is the day 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or 12 tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently. Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other 13 ．WHO says diseases linked to smoking kill 14 2,500,000 persons each year. Still, many people find it 15 stopping smoking. One reason is nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine is a drug. Its effects are 16 those of cocaine and heroin. "No Tobacco Day" is intended for smokers and 17 who earn money from tobacco sales. So businesses are urged to stop selling tobacco products for twenty-four hours. 18 are urged not to carry advertisements for cigarettes. WHO has approved plans to help reach its 19 of a "smoke-free" world. They urge governments to take action to help 20 make money by growing other crops. They also call for improved public information campaigns about the risks of smoking. 11. A. whether B. which C. when D. what
自考英语二
III. 部分练习讲解 P128 Bridging the Gap Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given. 解题方法：把词分类 动词名词形容词副词介词连词 fear fear unavoidable wisely without so that reach success under as long as reach between Lots of people don't dare to make mistakes. They 1 fearthat they will be ridiculed or blamed by others. They fear that they will lose their money and belongings or be 2 undera lot of stress. But risks are 3 unavoidableand they do pave the way you must tread（踩，踏）upon towards 4 succcess. Have you ever heard of someone who achieves success 5 withoutmaking any mistakes before?
So it is only natural that making mistakes in your effort to 6 reachyour dreams is considered a must, and you shouldn't worry about that as you may get a lot of advantages out of your mistakes. By making mistakes at least you then can distinguish 7 betweenthe correct and the incorrect portions of what you did. Anthony D'Angelo said: "In order to succeed you must fail, 8 so thatyou know what to do the next time", and Robert Louis Stevenson even went to the extreme as to say: "Our business in life is not to succeed, but to continue to fail in good spirits（精神抖擞，情绪高昂）." You needn't worry about anything 9 as long asyou keep on going by 10 wiselylearning from your mistakes and trying even harder.
英语二自学教程答案解析【2012年版课后习题集答案解析】
Unit l The Power of Language 参考译文 对话范例 请朗读下面的对话，注意说话者提出建议的方式。 史蒂夫：嗨，珍妮，想不想这周末一起做点什么？ 珍妮：当然了。做什么呢？ 史蒂夫：不知道。你有什么想法吗？ 珍妮：看电影怎么样？ 史蒂夫：好主意。看什么电影呢？ 珍妮：那就看《机动部队4》吧。 史蒂夫：我不想看那部电影，我不喜欢看充满暴力的影片。《疯狂的布朗医生》怎么样？听说很有趣。 珍妮：好的。就看这部吧！几点开始？ 史蒂夫：8点在瑞克斯影院。看电影之前我们吃点东西怎么样？ 珍妮：当然了，好主意。去新开的意大利餐馆梅开缇吧。 史蒂夫：太好了1 6点钟在那不见不散。 珍妮：好的。6点钟梅开缇见。再见。 史蒂夫：再见。 指导实践 要求：给你的朋友提一些建议，告诉他们什么地方适合度假。利用你自己的信息，也可以运用下面的提示。你想去……吗？ 我们去……好吗？ 我们去……吧。 我们为什么不去……呀？
去……怎么样？ 好主意。 谢谢你，给了我那么多好的建议。 TextA 读前问题： 1．通常情况下，你是否会反对作者提出的观点？你认为什么是积极阅读？ 2．你希望作者就批判性阅读提出什么样的建议呢？ 批判性阅读 批判性阅读适用于非小说类文学写作，作者要么提出观点，要么陈述事实。批判性阅读就是积极阅读，不仅仅要解决作者所说的话，还要对其提出质疑，进行评价，进而形成自己的独特的观点。要想成为批判性读者，就要做到以下几点： 考虑写作的语境。你所阅读的文章，其作者的文化背景也许与你截然不同，抑或文章是以前写的，与你所处的时代也完全不同。无论哪种情况，你都必须意识到你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度是不同的，要充分考虑这些差异。 质疑作者提出的观点。不要按照字面意思来理解文章的内容，在此之前，一定要搞清楚作者是否提供了足够的证据，证明他的观点是正确的。查找事实、例证和统计数据，还要看看作者是否结合了各学术权威的著作。 对比该文章与相关话题的其他文章。看一下文章是否与别人写的相关话题的文章一致，如果有不一致之处，就要仔细评价作者所提供的证据。 分析作者的假设。假设就是作者为了提出观点而认为正确的东西。在很多情况下，作者的假设都不是直接表述出来的，这就是说你必须认真阅读才能找到假设。一旦找到了假设，就必须确定是否合理。 评价作者利用的资料。在评价时，一定要确认资料来源是可靠的。例如，要想写物理学上取得的里程碑式的成就，那么爱因斯坦就是可靠的资料来源。此外，还要保证资料的相关性，有关诗歌的话题与爱因斯坦就不相关了。最后，如果作者写的是当今的话题，那就必须用当今的资料。例如，如果作者讨论的是目前物理方面的知识，那么就不适合
大学英语2翻译原文及答案
Unit1 1.背离传统需要极大的勇气 1) It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. 2.汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。 2) Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. 3.很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。 3) Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. 4.假设那幅画确实是名作，你觉得值得购买吗？ 4) Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy/purchase it? 5.如果这些数据统计上市站得住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。 5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. Unit2 1.该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。 1) The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.
全国至自学考试英语二历年真题及答案全集
全国至自学考试英语二历年真题及答案全集 Last revision on 21 December 2020
2014年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试题答案及评分参考 第一部分：阅读选择（第1-10题，每题1分，共10分） 第二部分：阅读判断（第11-15题，每题2分，共10分） 第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16-25题，每题1分，共10分） 第四部分：填句补文（第26-30题，每题1分，共10分） 第五部分：填词补文（第31-40题，每题1分，共10分） 第六部分：完型补文（第41-50题，每题分，共15分） 绝密★启用前 2014年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试题答案及评分参考 （课程代码00015） 第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分） 1、B 2、B 3、A 4、C 5、B 6、C 7、A 8、A 9、B 10、A 第二部分：阅读选择（第11~15题，每题2分，共10分）
11、D 12、A 13、C 14、B 15、A 第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16~25题，每题1分，共10分） 16、C 17、D 18、A 19、B 20、F 21、D 22、F 23、E 24、A 25、C 第四部分：填句补文（第26~30题，每题2分，共10分） 26、C 27、E 28、A 29、F 30、B 第五部分：填句补文（第31~40题，每题分，共15分） 31、G 32、I 33、B 34、H 35、A 36、K 37、C 38、E 39、L 40、J 第六部分：完形补文（第41~50题，每题分，共15分） 41、born 42、resulted 43、growth 44、manufacturing 45、moved 46、addition 47、fewer 48、machines 49、unnecessary 50、unemployment 【评分参考】本部分无分和1分的计分。语法错误或拼写错误均不给分；英、美拼写均可接受；大小写错误不扣分。 第七部分：短文写作（第51题，30分） 51.范文（略）
自学考试英语二真题卷及答案
自学考试英语二真题卷 及答案 文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]
2014年10月全国高等教育自学考试试题 英语（二）试题 （课程代码00015） 第一部分：阅读判断（第1～10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C，并将所选答案的代码（指A、B或C）填在答题纸的相应位置上。 The Stranger Who Changed My Life It was a sunny morning in the spring of 1966. I was driving a taxi，looking for a customer. While passing New York Hospital， l found a man running down the hospital steps，waving at me. I stopped. The man reached the taxi and jumped in. “ The Airport，please，“ he said. As always，I wondered about my passenger. Was this man a talker? After a few moments，he started saying，“How do you like driving a taxi?” ‘s i t’ s OK，”I said. “I make a living and meet interesting people sometimes.” “ What do you do?” I asked. “I am a doctor at New York Hospital. ”
自考英语二课后习题答案(珍藏版)
《大学英语自学教程》（上册）课后习题答案(珍藏版) Text A Unit 1 Exercises for the Text I. 1.d 2.a 3.c 4.d 5.d II. 1.task 2.intelligent 3.research 4.clue 5.conclusion 6.repeat https://www.360docs.net/doc/608730292.html,municate 8.purpose 9.probably 10.outline III. 1.Instead of 2.therefore 3.more...than 4.even 5.First of all 6.because 7.on the other hand 8.finally 9.looking for 10.Conversely IV. 1.Research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways. https://www.360docs.net/doc/608730292.html,nguage learning is active learning.Therefore,successful learners should look for every chance to use the language. https://www.360docs.net/doc/608730292.html,nguage learning should be active,independent and purposeful. 4.Learning a language is different from learning maths. 5.The teacher often imparts successfull language learning experiences to us. Vocabulary Exercises I. 1.a.success b.successful c.successfully 2.a.indepence b.depend c.dependent 3.a.covered b.uncover c.discovered 4.a.purposeful b.purposefully c.purpose II. 1.inexact 2.technique 3.outlined https://www.360docs.net/doc/608730292.html,municate 5.regularly 6.clues 7.intelligent 8.incomplete 9.similar 10.statement III. 1.disagree 2.independent 3.incomplete 4.inexact 5.uncover IV. 1.They find it hard to master a foreign language. 2.The research shows that successful men are similar in many ways. 3.Successful language learners do not only depend on the book or the teacher. 4.We are willingto help our friends. 5.We should learn new things independently,actively,and purposefully. Text B Exercises for the Text I. 1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.T 10.F II. 1.With the help of their fingers 2."I am thirsty." 3.tea,coffee,wine,beer and soda-water 4.Put his hands on his stomach
(完整版)新视野大学英语2翻译原文及答案
Unit 1 1.她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。(much less) She wouldn't take a drink, much less would she stay for dinner. 2.他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。(whereas) He thought I was lying to him, whereas I was telling the truth. 3.这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？(account for) How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 4.他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。(due to) The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy. 5.这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 6.我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。(pour into) We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on. Unit 2 1.尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。(despite) Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family, she is never babied by her parents. 2.迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。(nor) Mike didn't come to the party last night, nor did he call me to give an explanation. 3.坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但决不是什么大作家。(next to; by no means) The person sitting next to him did publish some novels, but he is by no means a great writer. 4.他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。(be indifferent to) He has no interest in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses. 5.经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。(count on) The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence. 6.这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。(in the presence of sb.) This is the first time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience. Unit 3 1.你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。(never too... to...) You are never too experienced to learn new techniques. 2.还存在一个问题，那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作。(Use an appositional structure) There remains one problem, namely, who should be sent to head the research there. 3.由于文化的不同，他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。(meet with) Their relationship did meet with some difficulty at the beginning because of cultural differences. 4.虽然他历经沉浮，但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。(ups and downs; all along) Though he has had ups and downs, I believed all along that he would succeed someday. 5.我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。(have reservations about) I have some reservations about the truth of your claim.
2019年10月自考英语二真题与答案
2019 年 10 月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语 (二）试卷 （课程代码： 00015） 本试卷共 8 页，满分 100 分，考试时间 150 分钟。 考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。 必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。 第一部分：阅读判断（第1? 10 题，每题 1 分，共 10 分） 下面的短文后列出了10 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果 该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 To Lease(租赁 ) or Not to Lease Planning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying. Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you were to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back. Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you might
自考本科英语二复习资料
自考“英语（二）”复习资料 第一单元 1.常考单词： goal，objective，accomplish，predict，accompany，implement，tendency，achievement，argue，budget，define，entity 2. 常考词组： in the way，in part，point of view，contribute to，to apply for，in hand，to turn down 3. 常考句子： 1）A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. 2）Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 3）If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made. 4）For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents and the like. 5）For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion. 6）Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is，which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals. 7）In the larger scheme of things，however，increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization. 8）Some of these objectives are more important than others，but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department. 第二单元 1.常考单词： escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of，a great many，above all 2. 常考句子： 1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape. 2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point. 3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. 4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. 5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. 第三单元 1.常考单词： weaken deteriorate debate legal request criterion ensure oppose tradition consideration disabled burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive 2. 常考词组： to debate on to make request for be opposed to to take … into account 3. 常考句子： 1）Affected with a serious disease，van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. 2）Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final，lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. 3）The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown，it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. 4）What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. 第四单元 1.常考单词： demestic statistics diplomat exploit campaign execute convict despite de serving shelf minimum status deport 2. 常考句子： 1）There are estimated to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. 2）Of these 20，000，just under 2，000 are being exploited and abused by their employers. 3）The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases. 4）A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder，despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. 5）She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka. 6）Because she found it difficult to feed her four children，she accepted a job working as a domestic in London. 7）So if they do complain，they risk being deported. 第五单元 1.常考单词： Musician，rhythmic，distinct， consciousness，originate，readily， instrument，electronic，thereby， passive，participant 2. 常考词组： to take place to take over to take on in a sense at a stretch to serve as in advance for the sake of 3. 常考句子： 1）The new music was built out of materials already in existence. 2）Folk music，old and modern， was popular among college students. 3）They freely took over elements form jazz，from American country music. 4）With records at home， listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could. 第六单元 1.常考单词： efficiency increasingly inst all personnel expose reduc tion completion specific s witch critical intensity s cale defective 2. 常考词组： in that in question plenty of 3. 常考句子： 1）Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry，where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. 2）Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen，although