长难句突破状语从句与独立主格互换

长难句突破状语从句与独立主格互换

【2016考研英语】长难句突破:状语从句与独立主格互换

复习2016考研英语的考生,不知道你们的复习进程如何,是否懂得要各项内容均衡“发展”,今天我们来给大家讲一讲长难句中状语从句与独立主格的互换,因为独立主格结构在整个句子中的功能就相

当于一个自带主语的状语从句。在英语中,任何一个句子都要有主语和谓语,而在这个结构中,没有真

正的主语和谓语动词,但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系。“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词等名词性

成分作逻辑主语,加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式

上与主句没有关系,因此称为“独立主格结构”。

1.时间状语

【例句】My mother being cooking, my father entered the bookroom.妈妈做饭时,爸爸进了书房。 【解析】My mother cooking相当于when my mother was cooking。

2.表示条件

【例句】The weather raining, we will not picnic.如果下雨,我们就不去野餐了。

【解析】The weather raining相当于if the weather rains。

3.表示原因

【例句】You giving someone a phone call, I stumbled.因为你打了个电话,所以我绊倒了。

【解析】You giving someone a phone call相当于because you gave someone a phone call。

4.表示伴随情况

【例句】Almost all metals are good conductors, gold being the best of all.几乎所有的金

属都是良导体,而金子则是最好的导体。

【解析】gold being the best of all相当于and gold is the best of all。

5.表示补充说明

【例句】The workers redoubled their efforts, each man working like two.工人们加倍努力,一个人干两个人的活。

【解析】each man working like two相当于that is to say, each man worked like two。

有几点需要注意一下:

1.状语从句转换为独立主格要注意,只有当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个主语时,才

可用独立主格结构取代状语从句,但不再保留引导词。

【例如】When the winter is coming(=The winter coming), the migratory birds fly to the south.冬天来了,候鸟们飞往南方。

2.不能省略being(having been)的情形:

(1)独立主格的逻辑主语时代词时。

【例如】It being the Spring Festival, the shops were closed.由于过年,商店都关门了。

(2)在There being+名词的结构中。

【例如】There being nothing else to do, Tom had no choice but to sleep.没有别的事可做,汤姆除了睡觉别无选择。

(3)当独立主格结构中being done表示“正在被做时”,being不可省略。

【例如】My mother being cooking, my father entered the bookroom.妈妈做饭时,爸爸进了书房。

俗话说,磨刀不误砍柴工。复习语法知识正是如此,看起来无用,但却是为拿下所有题型奠定坚实

的基础。

考研英语长难句:状语从句

考研英语长难句:状语从句 状语从句(Adverbial Clause)指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。 1.时间状语从句【第1句】 (1)时间状语从句的定义 用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语,这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句。连接时间状语从句的连接词有:when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since...... 如果主句是一般将来时,从句只能用一般现在时表示将来意义。 (2)时间状语从句-从属连词 引导时间状语从句的普通类从属连词有when(当……时), while(在……期间),as(当……,一边……一边……), before(在……之前),after(在……之后),since(从……以来),till/until(直到),whenever(无论何时),as soon as(一……就)等。注意:在时间状语从句中,不能用一般将来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时,而要用相应的一般现在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。

2.地点状语从句【第2句】 地点状语从句通常由where,everywhere和wherever引导,用来表达主句的动作发生的场所,已经形成了固定的句型: 句型1:Where+地点从句,(there)+主句。 【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”;主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there。例如: Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible. 在没有雨水的地方,耕作是困难的,或根本不可能的。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成 句型2:Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句,+主句。 【注意】anywhere本身是个副词,但是,常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”。例如: Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。 是“where+c陈述句”,从句可以在句首或句末。 3.原因状语从句【第3句】 我们常用because, for, as和since这四个连词来引导原因从句,它们意义和用法不完全相同。在这四个连词中,because的语气最强,

并列句和状语从句讲解(可编辑修改版).

并列句和状语从句讲解 一简单句 主语+谓 1 主语+Vt+宾语(动宾结构) 2 主语+Vt+宾语+宾补 3 主语+Vt+宾语(Sb)+宾语(Sb)(双宾语) 4 主语+Vi 5主语+Vi+介词+宾语(介宾) 6主语+系动词+表语(系表结构) 二并列句 1 表示递进 2 表示选择 3 表示转折 4 表示因果 三复合句 1 定语从句 2 名词性从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 3 状语从句:时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较 一并列句 1 表示递进:and, not only…but also…,neither…nor…,not…but… 2 表示选择:or, either…or…,otherwise 就近原则:Neither he nor I am living here. Either he or I am living here. Not only he but also I am living here. 3 表示转折:but, yet, whereas, while 4 表示因果:so, as, for, because, since, now that 二状语从句 1 时间状语从句 (1)when, while, as (2)as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when… The moment/Immediately I heard the voice, I knew Father was coming. No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. Hardly had we got home when it began to rain. (3)till, until, not…until(部分倒装,强调句) I didn’t know about it until you told me.

时间状语从句讲解和练习

时间状语从句 用句子表达一件事情或一个行为发生的时间,这个句子就叫时间状语从句。时间状语从句根据其所表示的时间不同,所使用的连词也不同。下面我们一起来看一下几个常见的时间状语从句: 1.when引导的从句:表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生,或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。 例如:I was going out when a visitor came. (动词动作同时发生。)我正要出门,有客人来访。 I shall tell her the good news when she comes.她来时,我将告诉她这个好消息。 小试牛刀:I found mother cooking for me. I got home.(when)_______________________________________ He was listening to the radio when I home. (get) 2.while 引导的从句:表示“当……过程中”,强调某一段时间内主句和从句中谓语动词所表示的动作在同一时期发生。由于while从句表示一个持续的行为,所以从句中要用持续性动词,并且持续性动词常用进行时态。 例如:Keep an eye on my little sister while I am away.我不在时,请照看一下我的小妹妹。 While we were watching TV, Jim came in. 我们看电视的时候,Jim进来了。 小试牛刀:It started to rain. We were playing football.(while)_______________________________________ Lucy was cleaning the room Lily was listening to music. 3.as引导的时间状语从句:表示“当……的时候;一边……一边……;随着……”,其从句的主语与主句的主语往往是同一人或物。 例如:She sang as she worked. 她一边工作一边唱歌。=She was singing as she was working. I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 正当他下公共汽车时, 我看见了他。 小试牛刀: we walked, we talked. You will grow wiser you grow older. 4.before引导的从句:一般表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前。 例如:I didn’t know any English before I came here. 我到这儿来之前,一点英语都不懂。 例如:I had written my report before my father came back. 小试牛刀:He bought the ticket he went to see the film. 5.after引导的从句:表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。 例如:After he locked the door, he left. 他锁上门后,就走了。 After he had finished his work, he played a game of chess with his friend. 他做完工作后,和朋友下了一盘棋。 小试牛刀:I will go out to play basketball with you. I finish my homework.(after) _______________________ _ He left the classroom he had finished his homework the other day. 6.since引导的从句:表示“自从……以来”,从句中的动词一般表示动作的起点,用过去时。主句中的动词表示动作延续的情况,一般用现在完成时。如果主句中的动词表示的不是延续的动作而是表示目前的状态,可用一般现在时。 例如:Since he met this good friend, he has made great progress in his studies. 自从遇见了这个好朋友,他已在学习上取得了巨大的进步。 例如:It is twenty years since she joined the Party. 她入党二十年了。(主句中的动词表示的是状态,用现在时。) 小试牛刀:it is five years since we last time.(meet) Mr green has taught in that school since he (come) to China three years ago.

英语中if引导的条件状语从句用动词原形还是非谓语动词

英语中if引导的条件状语从句用动词原形 还是非谓语动词 请看下面的句子,空格处应填动词原形还是非谓语动词: If they don't understand it the first time, _________ over it again until they do. A. going B. to go C. gone D. go 【分析】此题正确答案选D,其余几项均有可能被误选。空格前if 引导的是一个条件状语从句,而在空格处无论是填A、B或C,它都是一个非谓语动词短语,而不是一个句子,这样一来,整个句子没有主句,从而导致结构不完整。若选D,则go over it again until they do 则是一个句子(祈使句),在此用作主语。又如: (1) If he likes to eat it, _________ him some more. A. give B. giving C. given D. to give (2) If anyone calls, _________ them I'm not at home.

A. tell B. telling C. told D. to tell (3) When your mother comes back, _________ her to come to school at once. A. ask B. asking C. asked D. to ask (4) While the baby is sleeping, _________ your work as soon as possible. A. finish B. finishing C. finished D. to finish 答案均选A,空格前分别为if, when, while 引导的状语从句,空格处填动词原形,构成祈使句,用作句子主语。

长难句之状语从句

长难句之状语从句 地点状语从句 1.This has been interpreted as the remains of a workshop where molten metal was scooped up from the channel and poured into molds in the holes. (TPO27-1) 分析:这句话的主干是This has been interpreted as the remains of a workshop,后面是由where 引导的状语从句,修饰workshop。 译文:这被认定是工厂的遗址。在这里熔化的金属从水渠中要出来,然后倒入洞中的模具中。interpret 解释;说明v. remain遗迹;残骸n. scoop 舀取v. channel 水渠n. 时间状语从句 2. . The high quality of Roman pottery is very easy to appreciate when handling actual pieces of tableware or indeed kitchenware and amphorae (the large jars used throughout the Mediterranean for the transport and storage of liquids, such as wine and oil). (TPO29-1) 分析:这句话是由when引导的时间状语从句,主句是the high quality of Roman pottery is...,when从句省略了主语,括号的内容是对amphorae的解释说明。 译文:当把玩古罗马陶制餐具或厨房用具和双耳陶罐(一种大型陶罐,遍及整个地中海地区,用来运输或储存酒或油之类的液体)时,人们对其良好的质量赞不绝口。 handle 触摸v. amphorae 双耳陶罐n. jar陶罐n. Mediterranean地中海n. 原因状语从句+ 让步状语从句 3. As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there. (TPO1-3) 由于山谷中积雪覆盖较厚且持续时间很长,树木即便是生长在大风和贫瘠的土地里,也往往会在山脊上长得更高。 valley山谷n. ridge贫瘠velocity 速率n. 让步状语从句+ 插入语+ 条件状语从句 4. Most Roman pottery is light and smooth to touch and very tough, although, like all pottery, it shatters if dropped on a hard surface. (TPO 29-1) 分析:这句话是由although引导的条件状语从句,主句是it shatters if dropped on a hard surface;从句中又包含了个if引导的条件状语从句,if从句中省略了主语——Roman pottery,把这句话补充完整的话是if Roman pottery is dropped on a hard surface; like是表举例,like all pottery作插入语。 译文:尽管绝大部分的罗马陶器很轻很滑也很坚韧,但是它像所有的陶器一样,如果碰到坚硬地面时也很容易破碎。 Pottery 瓷器n. smooth 光滑adj. tough 坚硬的adj. shatter打碎v.

语法——并列句和状语从句

第12讲并列句和状语从句两个或两个以上的简单句用连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句,其基本结构是“+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为:时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一,在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查,在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下: 核心考点01考查并列连词 并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。 1.表示并列关系的连词 表示并列关系的连词有and, both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。 2.表示选择关系的连词 表示选择关系的连词有or, either...or...等。 3.表示转折关系的连词 表示转折关系的连词有but, yet, while等。 4.表示因果关系的连词 表示因果关系的连词有for,so。 We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 作并列连词的用法

when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式: ①sb. was doing sth. when... ②sb. was about to/going to do sth. when... ③sb. was on the point of doing sth. when... ④sb. had just done sth. when...。如: We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。 作并列连词的用法 while除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,也可作并列连词,意为“而, 却”,表示对比。如: He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐, 而我喜欢民间音乐。 I like playing the piano while my sister likes playing the violin. 我喜欢弹钢琴,而我妹妹喜欢拉小提琴。 典例分析1 (2017 北京卷)—Peter, please send us postcards_________ we’ll know where you have visited. —No problem. 【解析】句意:——彼得, 请给我们邮寄明信片, 这样我们就能知道你参观过哪些地方。——没问题。根据句意可知,第一句中前后两个分句为因果关系, 所以填so。 【答案】so 典例分析2 He is a shy man, _________he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 【解析】句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不惧怕任何人和任何事。根据前后句意可知,这里需要一个表示转折关系的连词。 【答案】but 典例分析3 You have to move out of the way_________ the truck cannot get past you.? 【解析】句意:你得让让路,不然卡车过不去。根据句子结构和句意可知,空格处应该用or,表示一个否定的条件,意为“不然的话”。 【答案】or

初中状语从句练习题.

初中状语从句练习题 I.填入合适的引导词 1. I haven“t heard from him _____ he went to America. 2. He won“t be here _____ he is invited. 3. He will not go to the cinema _____ he is very busy. 4. We found the key _____ she had left it. 5. We found the books two days ____ he had gone away. 6. We had no sooner got to the station _____ the train left. 7. He speaks English ______ he were an Englishman. 8. He is explaining clearly _______ they could understand. 9. Do not leave the room _____ you have finished the test. 10. She sang ______ she went along. II.改错 1. The children were running on the playground as fast as they can. 2. Since her husband had died,so she had to support her family. 3. He won“t go out unt il his mother will come. 4. He was very foolish that he didn“t pass such an easy exam. 5. Tom had gone out as soon as his mother got home. 6. It was three months since he came to our school. 7. The playground of our school is larger than their school. 8. The streets in Nanjing are wider than Shanghai.

非谓语动词和从句的转换

非谓语动词和从句的转换---- 一.不定式(短语)与从句的关系 1.不定式(短语)在句中作主语,其功能相当于一个主语从句,因此二者之间可以转换。 (1).To be able to help you is really an honor.(=That I’m able to help you) (2).He seemed to know the way.(=It seemed that he knew the way.) (3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea. (= It is said that Bush has decided to attack North Korea.) 2.不定式(短语)在句中作宾语或宾补,相当于一个宾语从句 (1).We still don’t know when and where to build a school.(宾语) (=when and where we should build a school) (2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补)(=that he should go and see) (3).He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(宾语)(=That he hadn’t invited her.) 3不定式(短语)在句中作表语.,相当于一个表语从句 (1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.(=that they should leave) (2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding. (=that they can get a good understanding) 4.不定式(短语)在句中作定语.,相当于一个定语从句 (1).The question will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Beijing. (=that is shortly to open in Beijing) (2).All dead, I was the only one to grow up. (=that grew up) 5.不定式(短语)在句中作目的.结果状语.,相当于一个目的.结果状语从句 (1).He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.(=in order/so that) (2).The lady was so excited as not to say a word.(=so excited that she couldn’t…)

(完整版)高考英语长难句解析练习教师篇

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