英语语法精讲：虚拟语气学案,含习题,有答案
虚拟语气
语气(mood)是英文中谓语动词的一种变化形式，用来表示说话者的意图和态度。英文中的语气可分为三种：陈述语气(indicative mood)，祈使语气(imperative mood)和虚拟语气(subjunctive mood)。
一、概述
（一）虚拟条件句：两类三时
两类：假设条件句、事实相反句
三时：将来、现在、过去
e.g. 1. If I were to have the time tomorrow, I would help him. （虚拟假设）
2. If I had the time now, I would help him. （虚拟假设）
If I were you, I would help him. （事实相反）
3. If I had had the time yesterday, I would have helped him. （事实相反）
总结：假设条件句表达的是一种在将来或现在可能性不大的情形，但不是不可能的情形，表示说话人认为不可能，是一种比较主观的表达。事实相反句表达的是一种与现在或过去的事实相违背的情形，因此是不可能发生的。
正确使用虚拟语气的“四步骤”：是否虚拟；何时虚拟；主句虚拟；从句虚拟
二、将来虚拟
e.g. 1. If I were to live my life over again, I would have you as my wife.
2. If I should win the lottery, I would buy a house.
3. What do you think would be the value of the necklace, if I were to sell it?
What do you think is the value of the necklace, if I sell it to you?
4. If it were to rain, I would stay home.
If it rains, I will stay home.
总结：对于很多将来的情况，选择用虚拟还是不用虚拟，完全取决于说话人对所述事件的态度，或者说虚拟语气能表明说话人的态度。
三、现在虚拟
I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.
Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound.
四、过去虚拟
e.g. 1. If you had invited Wealth or Success, the other two of us would’ve stayed out.
2. I don’t know what I would have done if he hadn’t answered yes.
五、混合虚拟1：主句现在+从句过去
混合时间虚拟语气：主句、从句虚拟的时间不一致的虚拟语气。
e.g. 1. Bill Gates is hanging out with the chairman of General Motors.
2. A: I don’t like my mother-in-law.
B: Listen, don’t you realize that you couldn’t have your wife if it hadn’t been for your mother-in-law? A: Yes, that’s why I don’t like her.
3. A: What an accident! If you had been careful, things would not be as they are.
B: What do you mean, it was my fault? If it were, surely I would take all responsibility for it.
4. If he had studied English two years ago, he might have a chance of going abroad for further study now.
六、混合虚拟2：主句过去+从句现在
e.g. If I didn’t love her, I wouldn’t have married her.
vs. If I hadn’t loved her, I wouldn’t have married her.
If I didn’t love her, I wouldn’t marry her.
七、倒装虚拟
当if 引导的条件句省去If时，可将should, had或were置于句首，从而构成倒装虚拟句。
e.g. 1. Were he to leave today, he would get there by Monday.
= If he were to leave today, he would get there by Monday.
2. Should you change your mind, no one would blame you.
= If you should change your mind, no one would blame you.
3. Had he not been promoted, he would never have remained with the company.
= If he had not been promoted, he would never have remained with the company.
八、各种虚拟句型
（一）在wish后面的宾语从句中
它用来表示说话者难以实现的或与事实违背的愿望，具有较强的感情色彩。
1）对现在的虚拟
表示对现状的愿望。
e.g. 1. I wish I were a little younger.
2. I wish I knew his address (but I don’t know his address).
3. Whenever something goes wrong, I just push this little Reset button and restart. I
wish my whole life were like that!
2）对过去的虚拟
对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔。
e.g. 1. I wish I had been there.
2. I wish I could have gone with you to the concert last night.
3. A: I wish I hadn’t hurt Mary’s feelings like that. You know I never meant to.
B: The great thing about Mary is that she doesn’t hold the grudge. By tomorrow she’ll have forgotten all about it.
3）对将来的虚拟
对将来发生的事情表示祝愿。
e.g. 1. I wish he could explain what he means.
2. I wish you would shut up.
（二）在if only感叹句中
If only表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”，其用法和wish基本相同，可表示对现在、过去和将来的虚拟，只是比wish具有更强烈的感情色彩。
e.g. 1. If only the rain would stop.
2. If only I were taller.
3. If only he had followed your advice.
If he had only followed your advice.
（三）在as if/ as though引导的从句中
e.g. 1. I really don’t care for the way you’re speaking to me. It seems as if you were my
father.
2. We have not seen each other for ten solid years, but when we encountered on the
street that day, we were still so affectionate that it seemed as if not a single day had
gone by.
注：若从句中的情形是根据现在的迹象作出的推测，有可能发生，则用陈述语气。
e.g. It is becoming dark. It looks as if it’s going to rain.
（四）在it is (high) time (that) 从句中
该句型表示“该是做什么事的时候了”，含有“晚了一点”的意思，从句中用过去时。
e.g. 1. Don’t dawdle away your youth any more. It is time you thought about your future.
2. It seems to be high time that this argument were put to an end.
（五）在would rather, would (just) as soon, would sooner, would prefer等从句中
1) would rather do sth.：主语宁愿自己做某事
e.g. He would rather stay at home than go to the cinema tonight.
He would rather not stay at home tonight.
He would not rather stay at home tonight.*
2) would rather have done sth. : 主语宁愿自己过去做了某事，但实际上没有做
e.g. I took Sally to the cinema last night, but I would rather have been there alone.
3) would rather sb. did：主语宁愿让另一个人做某事
e.g. Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend.
She says she’d rather he left tomorrow instead of today.
4) would rather sb. had done：主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上没有做
e.g. For my ninth birthday, my father gave me a set of the World Book Encyclopedia. But
I would rather he had given me a set of transformers.
5) 其他结构
e.g. 1. I’d just as soon you didn’t speak rudely to her.
2. I’d as soon as you hadn’t spoken rudely to her.
3. Our holidays were ruined by the weather – we might just as well have stayed at
home.
虚拟语气小结
①It’s time that…..
It’s high time that…… 从句虚拟谓语用过去式
It’s about time that……
eg. a. It’s about time that I decided to do something.
b. It’s high time that we tried our best to do the job well.
②would rather that….
had rather that….
would as soon that….从句虚拟谓语用过去式
ha d as soon that…
eg. a. I’d rather that he weren’t so rude.
b. I’d as soon that you didn’t speak to her like that.
③用wish表示愿望
a)过去式表示现在的愿望
eg. I wish it were true.
b)“could/might +v” 表示将来的愿望
eg. I wish I could help you tomorrow.
c)“had +p.p” 表示对过去的愿望
eg. He wishes that he had studied English in high school.
④在“It is +adj. +主语从句”的句型中，从句虚拟谓语用should V或动词原形，用
于这一句型的adj.有advisable, desirable, essential, imperative, important, natural, necessary, possible, preferable, strange, urgent, vital
eg. a. It is necessary that an efficient secretary accomplish her work on time.
b. It is very important that we learn English well.
⑤在“It is + p.p +主语从句” 的句型中，从句虚拟谓语用should V或动词原形, 用
于这一句型的p.p有advised, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, required, requested, suggested, urgent
eg. a. It is requested that manufacturer work out the design at once.
b. It is suggested that he go to see the doctor immediately.
⑥下列动词后接宾语从句，从句虚拟谓语用原形,动词有: ask, advise, beg,
command, demand, desire, decide, direct(要求), expect, insist, maintain, move(附议), order, prefer, propose, recommend, require, request, second(附议,赞同), suggest, urgent
eg. a. He insisted that this be done as soon as possible.
b. I propose that the meeting be postponed.
c. The doctor suggested that he not go there alone.
d. She asked that all students attend the meeting.
⑦下列名词后面所跟的表语从句或同谓语从句用虚拟语气.这类名词有: advice,
demand, desire, decision, idea, motion, order, plan, proposal, preference, recommendation, requirement, resolution, suggestion
eg. a. My suggestion is that the meeting be put off.
b. I agree to the proposal that the meeting be put off.
c. Their desire was that the murder be hange
d.
⑧有时but for, but that, on condition that, without等引导的条件状语(从句)后必须用
虚拟语气, 谓语用could + have done
eg. a. Without your help, I couldn’t have succeeded.
b. But for your timely help, we couldn’t have finished the job on time.
⑨常由for fear that, in order that 等引导目的状语从句,从句虚拟谓语用should V
或动词原形
eg. a. We shall start at seven for fear that we should miss the train.
b. Children play quietly in the room in order that they not wake up their mother.
⑩lest 引导的从句中的虚拟语气
?a) lest引导的宾语从句, 从句虚拟, 谓语用should V 或原形
eg. a. I will not make a noise, lest I disturb you.
b. Children play quietly in the room lest they wake up their mother.
?B) lest引导的状语从句,尤其是用在fear, be afraid之后,用should V结构,此时lest 相当于that
eg. a. I fear lest she decide to leave me forever.
b. I’m afraid lest my elder brother not pass the CET-4.
(11) 用于if, though, whatever 等分句中，用be来表示推测，让步，忧虑
eg. a. If the rumor be true, everything is possible.
----Be the rumor true, everything is possible.
b. Whoever be his defense, we cannot tolerate his disloyalty.
---- Be whoever his defense, we cannot tolerate his disloyalty
c. If John be found guilty, he should have the right of appeal.
----Be John found guilty, he should have the right of appeal.
万一约翰有罪，他也有上诉的权利
表示祝愿，诅咒，禁止等
eg. a. Home is home, be it ever so homely. 家就是家舒适安逸即可
b. far be it from me to spoil the fun.但愿不是我扫了兴
(12) ought to have done sth.虚拟语气表示该做而没做
eg. a. In this shop there was much rubbish which, I think, ought to have been taken away earlier.
b. I ought to have written to you.
(13) 句子中含有otherwise 是虚拟语气表示与现实相反“要不然的话”
eg. a. I am really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go with you.
b. His improvement has made the design better than it would otherwise have been. （14）句子中含有if only是虚拟语气“要是怎么样该多好啊”
eg. a. If only we had not made any mistakes in the calculations!
b. If only the committee would approve the regulations and put them into effect as soon
as possible.
c. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I had followed your advice!
(15) 虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的从句中的应用.
a)用“were” 型表示与现在事实相反:
eg. a. He is running about as if he were mad.
b. He talks a lot about it as if he were an American.
b) 用“had been” 型表示与过去事实相反:
eg. a. He talks as though he had been there at that time.
b. He looks as if he had been ill for some times.
c) 用“would +V” 型表示与将来的可能性相反:
eg. a. She cried as if her heart would break.
b. He looks as if he would cry.
d) 在“seem as if” 结构中, as if等于that
eg. a. It seems to me as if he should catch up with all the others.
d)“make as if”等于“pretend”(假装)
eg. a. He made as if he didn’t hear her.
(16) w hether…or 开头的句子，表示虚拟用原型be表达
eg. a. Whether the criticism be wise or foolish, important or insignificant, it is at least good natured.
b. Whether the figures be accurate or not, they have to be rechecked.
(17) even though/if
eg. a. Even though she had been very busy that day, she would have helped us.
b. Even if you had enough money, you could not buy the lost time.
(18) 普通虚拟
If sb. did/were sth., sb. would do sth. （现在虚拟）
----Were sb. sth., sb. would do sth. （省略式）
If sb. had done sth., sb.. would have done sth. （过去虚拟）
-----Had sb. done sth., sb. would have done sth. （省略式）
If sb. were to do sth., sb. would do sth. （将来虚拟）
----Were sb. to do sth., sb. would do sth. （省略式）
eg. a. If I were you, I would do it better.
---- Were I you, I would do it better.
b. If I were a bird, I would fly.
----Were I a bird, I would fly.
C. If I had known your telephone number, I would have phoned you that day.
----Had I known your telephone number, I would have phoned you that day.
d. If I had been there at that time, I would have given you a helping hand.
---- Had I been there at that time, I would have given you a helping hand.
e. If they were to arrive before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a
wonderful dinner party.
----Were they to arrive before we depart the day before tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.
f. If he were to come tomorrow, I would leave home.
--- Were he to come tomorrow, I would leave home.
高中英语语法虚拟语气教学设计
高中英语语法虚拟语气 教学设计 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
高中英语语法虚拟语气教学：The subjunctive mood 厦门第十中学吕瑞珠 一、概述 本节课是高中英语语法教学课，授课内容为虚拟语气，授课对象是高三年学生。从呈现、加深记忆、巩固到实践并将语言项目运用于写作中并做适当的点评，大概需要两课时。但我这里着重阐述的是第一课时的教学内容、教学策略等。 通过本节语法教学课的学习，学生重新整合自己的有关虚拟语气的知识，复习已知的虚拟语气的表达形式如：I wish I could fly freely in the sky like a bird; It is high that you got up.等等，并学习新的表达形式如：The English teacher suggested that we should read the English newspaper every day; I would have passed the English exam if I had worker harder in the past 20 days.最为重要的是，学生在学习完虚拟语气的表达形式后，要在写作中运用。 虚拟语气在高中英语语法的难点之一，多数学生感到费解，因此也更需要老师的指导与相应的实践与运用，并且较好地掌握虚拟语气的表达形式，有助于扫除学生阅读过程中对个别句子的理解。 二、教学目标分析 1．知识与技能 1）复习学生已掌握的虚拟语气表达的句型： I wish I were… / I could … It is high time that you did your homework.. If I were you, I would… 2) 学习虚拟语气新的表达方式，尤其是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句，掌握与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达，特别是主句与从句时态的呈现；还有引导出的宾语从句需要运用虚拟语气的动词，如suggest, insist, propose, demand and so on. 3）培养学生运用所学知识表达自己的思想的能力。 2．过程与方法 1）引导学生在欣赏英文歌曲An Angel的情景教学过程中，开启对虚拟语气表达已有的知识记忆。
高中英语语法倒装句讲解与练习含答案
全部倒装 1.here,there,out ,in，up，down，now，then，away，over，off等副词位于句首时，后面句子用全部倒装。(1)There goes the bell. (2)Here comes the bus. (3)Now comes my turn. (4)Then followed three day of rain. 注意：主语是代词时，不用此倒装结构 (5)Out rushed the children.=The children rushed out.(Out they rushed主语为代词时句子不倒装). (6)In came the teacher and the lesson began.=The teacher came in and the lesson began. In he came and the lesson began.主语为代词时句子不倒装 2.表语和地点状语位于句首表示强调意义时，后面用全部倒装，当表示时间的副词或介词词组位于句首时，常常引起全部倒装，注意：主谓一致。 (1)In the distance was a small boat=A small boat was in the distance. (2)Under a big tree sat an old man smoking a pipe.= An old man smoking a pipe sat under a big tree. (3)They arrived at a farm house ,in front of which sat a small boy. (4)On either side were rows of fruit trees. (5)Early in the morning came the news . 3.在一些表示祝愿的句子中 Long live China. 部分倒装 1.only修饰句子的状语位于句首时，后面引起部分倒装。 (1)I realized that I was wrong.=Only then did I realize that I was wrong. (2)You can solve the problem in this way.=Only in this way can you solve the problem. (3)He could go on studying when the war was over.= Only when the war was over（状语从句不倒装)could he go on studying. 注意：only修饰句子的主语或宾语时，句子不倒装 (1)Only he can work out such a difficult problem. (2)Only him we could find in the room just now. 2.含有否定意义的副词或连词位于句首时，后面用部分倒装。 (1)seldom, not ,never，little，few，nowhere，rarely，in no way，in no case ，by no means, at no time，under no circumstances，on no condition注意：in no time为“立刻，马上”的意思 (2)Hardly(Scarcely)… when No sooner… than( No sooner后用过去完成时并倒装：No sooner had sb done ,than sb did.) (3)Not only…but also（只在not only句中引起倒装，不在but also句中倒装）
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练(一倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. A. the game had begun B. the game began
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. had he made D. he had made 8. --- What happened to his new car? --- No sooner _______ it than someone ran into it.
2021年初中英语语法知识—动词的难题汇编及答案(1)
一、选择题 1．—________ you Mary? —Yes, I ________. A．Are; is B．Is; am C．Are; am D．Am; is 2．In the past he often made his sister____, but now he is often made ___by his sister. A．to cry; to cry B．cry; cry C．to cry; cry D．cry; to cry 3．—Do you like watching cooking programs on TV? —No, I don’t , but my twin brother . He's very fond of cooking. A．does B．do C．is D．are 4．These chicken wings taste ________. I want more. A．well B．wonderfully C．nice D．bad 5．Parents always hope their children a happy and healthy life. A．to live B．can live C．living D．should live 6．What kind of music ________ he ________? A．does; listen B．does; listen to C．is; listen D．is; listen to 7．I think the music is great , and it is worth________ A．to listen B．to listen to C．listening D．listening to 8．A number of visitors ________visiting our school. The number of them________ about 180. A．is;are B．are; is C．is; is D．are; are 9．—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A．buys B．looks C．finds 10．Which of the following sentences is right? A．My books on the desk B．Nice meet you, too C．These are my dictionaries D．Thanks you for your help. 11．Lily and Lucy _______ their mother. They have big eyes and yellow hair. A．like both B．both are like C．both like D．are both like 12．Many students are so crazy about mobile games that they lose interest in their schoolwork, which _________ their parents and teachers a lot. A．worries about B．is worried about C．worries D．is worried 13．—Hey, Jack. Do you want to go to the library? —That ________ great. I love reading. A．hears B．looks C．sounds D．listens 14．— Tom in the library? —Yes,and his friends Eric and Dale in the library,too. A．Is;are B．Is;is C．Are;is 15．I have bought a Chinese – English dictionary. When and where_____ you _____ it?
高三年级英语语法-虚拟语气全总结
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 ①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。否定句时not留在原来位置不变。如： If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)
英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结
虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）
高中英语语法名词练习题
一、基础练习 1、T h e r e a r e o n l y t w e l v e______i n t h e h o s p i t a l.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.360docs.net/doc/6111318113.html,rmations https://www.360docs.net/doc/6111318113.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练 (一) 倒装句与强调结构 (2) (二) 定语从句 (8) (三) 分词与动名词 (13) (四) 动词不定式 (19) (五) 情态动词 (25) (六) 虚拟语气 (31) (八) 名词性从句和状语从句 (37) (九)冠词、名词 (43) (十)代词、形容词和副词 (49) 答案 (55) 17
(一) 倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. 17
A. the game had begun B. the game began C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. 17
初中英语语法专项练习——虚拟语气(2)
初中英语语法专项练习——虚拟语气（2） 1. Well, it is high time you ________the train. A. had caught B. caught C. will catch D. catch 2. He talks as though eh ________all the work himself, but in fact Jim and John did most of it. A. did B. has done C. does D. had done 3. He spoke as though he ________in space at that moment. A. walked B. would walk C. were walking D. would have walked 4. He looked ________he had just woken. A. that B. if though C. as if D. like 5. If only we ________a recorder of our own. A. had B. have C. will have D. would have 6. Mother told me to put on my coat ________I should catch cold. A. if B. unless C. in order that D. for fear that 7. She insisted that we ________there for another two days. A. stay B. would stay C. stayed D. must stay 8. I requested that he ________ us some advice on how to do it. A. must give B. give C. were to give D. gave 9. It was requested that the play ________again.
高中英语语法(虚拟语气)
Unit13虚拟语气专题讲解 【知识要点】 语气（mood）是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语有三种语气： ＊直陈语气（indicative mood）---- 事实 France lies to the east of England. ＊祈使语气（imperative mood）---- 请求、命令 Make yourself at home. ＊虚拟语气（subjunctive mood） If there were no air and water , we should not be able to live on the earth. 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 一. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法 假设类型条件从句谓语 动词形式 主语谓语 动词形式 与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形 should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 1. 在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 1）If I were you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night． 2）If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would recover already．（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 2、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词省去，采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did，had，should 移到句 首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型，其意思不变。 1）Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park． 2）Were it not for the discovery of electricity，the modern world would experience great inconvenience． 3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述，而用介词（如without， but for等）引出的短语、分词 （如supposing等）引出的短语、并列连词（如or，otherwise，but，though等）、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。 1）But for your advice，I would not be able to do this work． 2）Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened，otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark．。
高中英语语法讲解与练习名词
二、名词 一、名词：具体或抽象的事物。 1)dog, boy, car, book, window, day 2)class, team, family, police 3)water, tea, milk, coffee, meat, gold 4)friendship, health, beauty, time 其中集体名词被当作一个整体时，要看作是单数，用单数的谓语动词。但当这些名词里的具体事物的各成员是被逐一单独考虑时，就用复数的谓语动词。 The football team is playing well.这个足球队踢得好。 The football team are having baths and are coming back for tea.足球队员们正在洗澡，然后他们就回来喝茶。 The family is a happy one.这是一个幸福的家庭。 My family are very pleased about the good news.这个好消息使我全家人都很高兴。Xiao Ming is a Chinese. 小名是个中国人。 The Chinese are brave and smart. 中国人很勇敢智慧。 二、难点：名词的复数 The thief’s wife killed a wolf with a knife and a leaf.
不规则变化： man→men男人woman→women女人 foot→feet脚tooth→teeth牙 goose→geese鹅mouse→mice鼠 ox→oxen公牛child→children儿童 单复数同形： deer，sheep，fish， Chinese，Japanese, yuan（注意西方货币有复数dollars, pounds） 只用复数的词： trousers裤子goods货物clothes衣物 glasses眼镜scissors剪刀people 人 有的名词既可以做可数名词，又可以做不可数名词。 glass 玻璃玻璃杯 paper 纸文件、试卷、报 重要提示： 1、单数可数名词永远不可以单独存在。 例句：牛在天上飞。 Ox is flying in the sky. × An ox is flying in the sky.√ Oxen are flying in the sky.√ 2、形如“num-n-adj”结构内的名词永远单数。此形式相当于一个形容词。 如：三米长three-meter-long 如果连字符，中间的名词不变复数式。 例：Amy is a seven-year-old girl. Amy是个7岁的小女孩。 三、不可数名词 不可数名词不能被a, an, many等直接修饰。但它们可以借助单位词表一定的数量。 如： a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of advice一条建议 a piece of paper 一张纸 四、可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语 ①只修饰可数名词单数的 如a/an，one，another，either，neither，every，many a等。 I don’t like this book, give me another one.我不喜欢这本书, 请另外给我一本。Neither shoe feels comfortable.两只鞋都感觉不舒服。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.[谚] 一天一个苹果, 医生不上门(比喻不生病)。 ②只修饰可数名词复数的 如these，those，few，many，a great number of，both，several及二以上的数词等。There are a few apples on the table. 桌子上有几个苹果。 There are few apples on the table. 桌子上几乎没苹果。 Were there many peopl e at the meeting? 有很多人到会吗?
高中英语语法专题精讲精练-动名词解析
动名词 《语法讲解》 一、动名词的句法功能 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。(一)、作主语 1）直接位于句首做主语。 Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。 〖注意〗：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数 2）用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 式）。 3）动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。 Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。 （二）、作宾语 （1）作动词的宾语 *某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stan d, put off, give up等。如： Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗？ She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。 Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。*在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider… + it （形式宾语）+ no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）. I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。 Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有好处吗？ *形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。（2）作介词的宾语 *能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out,
初中英语语法三大从句总结
初中英语语法三大从句总结 在初中英语中，主要有三大从句，即宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句（包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。 宾语从句 一、定义:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 二、连接词 that: I think that you can pass the exam. Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means. “Wh”: I don’t know what the word means. I don’t know where he found the book. 只用whether的情况： 1. 与or not连用： I don’t know whether it’s raining or not. 2. 与动词不定式连用： He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation. 3. 连接词前有介词时： It depends on whether he is coming. 三、时态 1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam. 2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。 1）She said that she was a student. 2）She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3）She said that she had finished her homework already. 3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 定语从句 一、定义:在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。 二、先行词 先行词指人who /that 先行词指物which/ that 定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后
(完整)高中英语语法虚拟语气讲解
高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
大学英语语法-虚拟语气
虚拟语气 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) Subjunctive Mood作为专门表达假设意义和其他非事实意义的动词形式，仅是古英语遗留下来的残余。它仅有两个形式，即be型虚拟式和were型虚拟式。 Be型虚拟]----- be型虚拟式是以动词原形表示的，不管主语是什么人称，动词一律用原形，如动词为被动态，则助动词be也用原形。其主要用法如下： 1)用于表命令、决定、建议、坚持等词语之后的that分句中 这一用法又分三种情况： a)用在 decide,decree,demand,insist,move,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require, suggest,vote等动词之后的that分句中.（宾语从句） 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。 He ordered that all the books be sent at once. He ordered that all the books be sent at once. we propose that somebody neutral take the chair. She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday. b)用在 advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,nece ssary,obligatory,proper等形容词之后的that分句中。（主语从句） It is essential that all the facts be examined first. It was appropriate that thisi tax be abolished. I thousht it advisable that an armed guard stand in readiness. c)用在 decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution等名词之后的that分句中。 The board has given instructions that the agent fly to Boston. We were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. Their decision was that the school remain closed. 在这一用法中be型虚拟式能与“should+不定式”交替使用，也能与to-不定式交替使用。 He ordered that the books be sent at once . = He ordered that the books should be sent at onc. = He ordered that the books to be sent at once. 2）用于由if,though等引导的分句中.