2021新高考英语短文改错专题教学案
2021新高考英语短文改错专题教学案
高考短文改错的基本规则：
全篇一共10处错误，每句做多改2处。
一般来说，这10个题里包括8个改正题、1个少词、1个多词。
所以据短文改错的命题特点，
大致可以按照以下四步练习备考：
第一步: 审题。通读全文，了解大意。全面把握文章整体(时态、题材及内容)。
第二步: 重读全文，先确定一些明显的错误，以便疏通短文，为后面解题打开思路。许多问题可在这一阶段得到解决。从词法、句法到行文逻辑三方面着手，逐句而不是逐行地分析、找错。
第三步:综观全篇，看错误类型的比例是否得当、前后逻辑是否一致，有无前后矛盾等现象。
第四步:认真检查，避免出现以下错误: 符号不规范;一个词改为几个或几个改为一个;该大写的没有大写;合成词只改了其中一部分等。
接下来，我们按照词性对改错题目分类解析：
第一节：名词
需要：
1.检查句中名词的单复数形式是否符合句意。
2.检查句中有无可数名词和不可数名词的误用。
3.检查句中有无所有格的误用。
4.检查句中有无名词前限定词的误用。
1.He is on good term with me.
【term→terms。term的复数形式表示条件、关系，on good terms with… 意为“与....关系良好”】
2. He is a generous fellow and will soon make friend with you again.
【friend →friends。make friends with sb.与某人交朋友。】
3. His opinion is considered to be great value.
【be great value→be of gre at value。value是名词，be of+名词=be+形容词。即of great value = greatly valuable。】
4. He sent his daughter to a girl's high school.
【girl's→girls'。女子高中是a girls' high schoolo】
第二节、动词的谓语形式
一、谓语动词的时态
需要：
1、掌握各种时态的用法。
2、注意时态的协调一致。
1)在简单句中，时态要与时间状语一致。
2)当两个或两个以上的并列谓语共用一个主语时，其时态要求一致。
3)由并列连词连接的两个句子，时态上也要求一致。
4)当遇到宾语从句和间接引语时，若其主句是过去时，则在从句中也必须使用过去时。但是当宾语从句表示的是客观事实和真理时，多用一般现在时。
5)与宾语从句一样，主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句的时态也要求和主句的时态一致。
6)定语从句和状语从句也要与主句的时态相呼应，当从句谓语表示的动作与主句的动作同时发生时，要用相同的时态。
二、谓语动词的语态
需要：
1.检查句子是否该用被动语态。
2.检查被动语态形式是否正确。
3.检查被动语态的时态与句中其他时态是否相呼应，其单复数是否与其主语一致。
三、谓语动词的语气
虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是客观存在的事实，而是种与事实相反的愿望、可能、推测、建议、要求、假设或主观的设想等。改错时要特别注意:
1.虚拟语气在条件句中的应用。
2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用。
3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用。
四、情态动词
下列用法是短文改错常考焦点：
1.must表示“必须，不得不”时，其否定式是needn't或do not have to; must not则
表示“不许，禁止”。
2. need与dare既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词;而作实义动词时，若要构成问句和否
定句，就需要加助动词do/does/did.
3.“can + have +过去分词”结构用在疑问句和否定句中，表示对过去的事情所作的推测。
4.“could+have+过去分词”结构除用来表示对过去的事情所作的推测外，还可用来表示
某事有可能发生在过去，但实际上并没有发生。
5. “may/might + have +过去分词”结构用来表示对过去的事情所作的推测。(“可能已.... 了”)。
6.‘'must+have+过去分词”结构用来表示对过去的事情所作的肯定判断。（”....一定
已经 ...了吧")
7.“should/ought to+have+过去分词”结构用来表示过去应做而未做的事，含有自责或
责备的语气。(“本来应...的")
8.“need not+have+过去分词”结构用来表示过去做了没有必要做的事。(“本来不必...的")
例题
1. After they had chose the books they wished to read, the instructor told them the principal points he wanted them to note.
【had chose→had chosen。】
2. When I reach at the end of a cigarette, my money has gone up in smoke. 【reach at→reach。reach是及物动词。】
3. The island has little vegetation (植被)，it scarcely raises above
the surrounding sea.
【raises→ rises。raises是及物动词，rise是不及物动词。】
4. In our school the teachers would leave most students go out early on Friday afternoons before football games.
【leave→ let。】
5. Ours was the first group of swimmers who had dove into the new pool.
【had dove→had dived。】
6. I will like to know where you were born.【will→would。】
7. I would like you read it again.
【you read →you to read。would like you其后加不定式。】
8. What will you like to do when you finish your course at Leeds?
【will→would。】
第三节、动词的非谓语形式
一、动词不定式
注意：
1.不定式可作主语。
2.当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，一般要用不定式的被动式。但是在某些形容词后面，即使是这样，也不用被动式。
3.某些动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语。
4.当不定式作宾语，且后面又有宾语补足语时，通常用it作形式宾语来代替不定式，而把不定式后置。
5. had better, would rather than等词的后面只跟不带to的不定式。
6.动词不定式的一般式表示它与谓语动词同时发生，或在其后发生;其完成式则表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。但要注意动词plan ,expect，wish, intend,mean, want would (should) like等后面的不定式的完成式表示原打算要做而最终未做成的事情。
二、动词的-ing形式改错
以下动词只能跟ing形式作宾语，不能跟不定式。如: advise, admit ,avoid,allow, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, appreciate, imagine, include,mention, miss, prevent, quit, resist, risk, stand, suggest, understand等。
三、过去分词改错
注意下列几组动词的ing形式和过去分词之间的区别: surprising(令人吃惊的),，surprised(感到惊讶的); interesting( 令人感兴趣的)，interested (感兴趣的); disappointing(令人失望的),disappointed(感到失望的); encourging(令人鼓舞的)，encouraged(感到鼓舞的)。
1.I was used to go to the cinema once a week.
【. was used to→used to。used to+动词原形表示过去的习惯，be used
to+名词/动名词表示习惯的持续。】
2. He has never been heard speak ill of others.
【speak→to speak。感官动词/使役动词改为被动语态时，要将主动语态时省
去的“to”还原。】
3. We hear it say frequently that what present-day men most
desire is security.
【say →saids。side是过去分词作补足语，而it是形式主语。】
4. He always enjoys to read a detective story.【to read →reading。enjoy只与动名词连用。】
5. His father would not let him to go.
【to go→go。let是使役动词，其后接不带to的不定式作补足语】
6. It is difficult to make yourself understand in English.【understand→understood 。make oneself understood意为“使别人了解
自己的意图，即使自己被别人理解”。】
7. You had better not to go there.
【to go→go。had better后接动词原形。】
8. The doctor advised me giving up to smok e.【giving up to smoke
→giving up smoking。advise sb. to do sth,而give up后接动名词或名词。】
第四节、形容词与副词
形容词必须且只能修饰名词（代词），副词不可以修饰名词（代词），但是可以修饰名
词之外的任何东西。
注意 :
1.检查句中形容词与副词的位置是否正确。
2.若句中有系动词，检查其后跟的是形容词还是副词。
3.检查句中有无易混淆的形容词的误用和易混淆的副词的误用。
4.检查句中有无形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成错误。
5.检查句中有无形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的使用错误。
6.检查并列结构前后形容词与副词的级别是否对等。
1.He is impossible to find it out.【impossile→unable。impossible
不可用来修饰人，本句或可用It is impossible for him to find it out.】
2. You should be respectable towards your teachers.
【respectable→respectful意为“恭敬的”。respectable意为“可尊敬的”。】
3. I am absolutely uncapable to tell a lie. 【uncapable →unable/ uncapable to tell或incapable of telling。capable的反义词是incapable, be unable to+动词原形，be incapable of+doing意为“没有
能力做”。】
5. You must make your parents happily.【happily →happy。这里是宾
语+宾语补足语。】
6. He looked differently after his return from Europe.
【differently →different.look是感官动词，其后要接形容词修饰主语。】
7. The number of girls is very few.【few→small主语The number表示
数目，用smal/large表示大小。】
9. Let asleep dogs lie.【asleep→sleeping。asleep意为“睡熟的”，
不可用作定语。Let sleeping dogs lie. 意为“勿惹是生非，勿打草惊蛇”。
第五节、冠词
冠词总是跟着名词！
注意：
1.检查有无两个不定冠词之间的误用。
2.检查有无定冠词与不定冠词之间的误用。
3.检查有无漏用冠词的情况。
4.检查有无错用冠词的情况。
1.What kind of a book do you have?
【a book→book。kind of后面名词不加不定冠词。
2. You're in right; it's not your fault.【right→the right。in
the right意为“有理”。】
3. The most of us are flattered when we receive a compliment.
【The most→Most。most表示大多数时不加the。】
4. He was elected the Mayor of New York.【the Mayor→Mayor。独一无
二的官职、头衔、职称作补足语或表语时不加冠词。】
第六节：代词
代词就是代替名词的词。
一、人称代词改错
1.注意人称代词单复数的使用。
2.注意人称代词主格和宾格的区别。
二、物主代词改错
对物主代词的考查主要涉及:
1.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之间的区别。
2.物主代词指代的使用。
三、反身代词改错
表示“某人自己”的代词称作反身代词。它在句中可作宾语、同位语和状语，但
不能作主语。在使用反身代词时，同样要注意其单复数和人称必须与所指代的名
词一致。
四、不定代词改错
常用的不定代词有some, any, no, none, many, much, few, little, each, every,one, all, both, either, other, another, others 及由some, any, no, every构成的复合词。不定代词的用法较复杂，需特别注意。
五、指示代词改错
指示代词有this, that, these, those, it, such, same等。this和these 一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物，也常用来指后面要提到的事情，
有启下的作用。that和those则常用来指时间或空间上较远的人或物，也可用
来代替前面出现过的名词，以免重复。
举例
1.Knowledge is there for whomever will seek it.【whomever →whoever。这里是由who ever导的宾语从句作for的宾语，而whoever在从句中作主语。】
2. Whom do you think is the writer of this book?
【Whom→Who。这里do you think是插入语，who作句子主语。】
3. His brother's case is quite different from me.【me→mine。】
4. People find increasingly difficult to make their living.
【find→find it。这里的it是形式宾语，而to make their living是真正的宾语。】
5. He is taller than any one in his class.【anyone →anyone else这里he也包含
在他的班级里，所以应else表示他比其他的人高。】
6. I spoke a man who I thought to be my cousin.【spoke →spoke to。】
第七节：数词
注意！
1.检查有无基数词与序数词之间的误用。
2.检查在表示几百、几千、几百万等数字时表述是否正确。
3.检查分数的表达是否正确。
4.检查在表示“历史上的几十年代和某人几十岁时”的表达方式是否正确。
5.检查数词与其他词构成的复合形容词是否正确。！
1.About three- fifth of the workers of that steel works are young
people. 【three-fifth → three-fifths。分数表达法中分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母应加S。】
2. When he was in his fifty, he moved to England.
【fifty→fifties。in his fifties意为“在他五十多岁时”，in the fifties意为“在50年代”。】
3. 439 is four hundreds and thirty-nine.【hundreds →hundred。】
4. The sun is 93 millions miles away from the earth.【millions→million。】
5. People lived a hard life in forties.【forties →the forties。in the forties 指“40年代”】
6. He wrote a two-thousand-words report.【two-thousand-words→two-thousand-word.】
第八节：介词
注意！
1.检查介词有无误用。
2.检查句中有无遗漏介词，特别要注意作定语用的不定式后是否缺少必要的介词。
3.检查句中有无多余的介词。
4.检查句中介词与动间、名词、形容间，副词等的指配是否正确。
例！
1. You must write your letter with ink.【with→in 。in用于使用的材料，with用于工具或媒介。】
2. A man is known to the company he keeps.【to→by。be known to sb.意为“为某人所熟悉”，本句是谚语“观其友而知其人”。】
3. The field was dotted the great yellow hats of peasants.
【dotted→ dotted with。be dotted with...意为“点缀着...”】
4. Don't approach to a work of art in such a spirit.
【approach to→approach。approach是及物动词。】
5. The boy was absorbed building a dam in the brook.
【a bsorbed→absorbed in。be absorbed in...意为“专心于.....”.】
6. The gentleman insisted at my receiving the money.
【at→on。insist on意为“坚持”。】
7. It is known to everyone that butter is made of milk.
【of→from。made from...是指制作过程中发生性质变化，made of是物质的质地未变。】
第九节：连词
连词包括：（1）并列句连词and but or等（2）从属连词，也叫从句连词that when who which等。
1.并列句中，检查并列连词的使用是否正确，有无遗漏并列连词的情况。
2.复合句中，检查从属连词的使用是否正确。
3.检查主语从句和同位语从句前的连词是否有遗漏。
1. We become more and more impatient of interruptions when the years go on.【when→as。as意为“随着”。】
2. It was not until it began to rain when I noticed his umbrella left in my car.【when→that。It is (was) not until...that是not… until的强调句型。】
3. He acted like he had never been in a museum before.
【like →as if。as if可以引导虚拟语气的结构。】
4. You’ll be permitted to bring a watch so that you may keep track of the time during you are taking the test.
【during →while during是介词，不可引导从句。】
5. It was not long since they made their appearance.
【since→before。not long before意为“不久....就….”】
6. It was not so much the amount of the money but the money itself that
surprised him.
【but→as。not so much…as意为“与其....不如说”。】
第十节：从句与一致关系
1. We become more and more impatient of interruptions when the years go on.【when→as。as意为“随着”。】
2. It was not until it began to rain when I noticed his umbrella left in my car.【when→that。It is (was) not until...that是not… until的强调句型。】
3. He acted like he had never been in a museum before.
【like →as if。as if可以引导虚拟语气的结构。】
4. You’ll be permitted to bring a watch so that you may keep track of the time during you are taking the test.
【during →while during是介词，不可引导从句。】
5. It was not long since they made their appearance.
【since→before。not long before意为“不久....就….”】
6. It was not so much the amount of the money but the money itself that surprised him.
【but→as。not so much…as意为“与其....不如说”。】
一、名词性从句
短文改错对名词性从句的考查侧重于连词的选择和从句的时态。
1.检查语序是否正确。
2.检查连接词是否误用。
3.检查是否漏掉了连接词，尤其是主语从句和同位语从句中的that.
4.检查宾语从句与主句的时态呼应是否正确。
5.检查主语从句与谓语的数是否一致。
6.检查主语从句后置时，作形式主语的it是否出现。
7.检查有无if与whether的误用。
二、定语从句
定语从句的改错主要涉及关系代词、关系副词的运用以及定语从句中的主谓一致问题。
注意！
1.判断关系代词及关系副词的使用是否正确。
2.判断先行词与定语从句的谓语动词的数是否一致。
3.检查关系代词的格的使用是否正确，尤其是在关系代词作主语和介词前置时。
4.检查有无关系副词与介词重复使用的情况。
5.检查有无漏掉作主语的关系代词的情况。
6.检查非限制性定语从句的关系代词使用是否正确。
7.检查定语从句中除了关系代词或关系副词外，是否还有多余的代词或副词。
三、一致关系
1.检查主谓在数上是否违背了语法一致的原则。
2.检查主谓在数上是否违背了意义一致的原则。
3. 检查主谓在数上是否违背了邻近原则。
1.The United States is composes of fifty states; two of those are sparated from the others by land or
water. 【of those →of which。those不是关系代词，不可引导定语从句。】
2. They want to know how they can do to help us.
【how→ what。what作引导词，同时作they can do中动词do的宾语。】
3. You smoke again! Why not to give it up?【to give it up→give
it up。why not其后接不带to的不定式。】
4. These photos will show you how our village looks like.
【how→what。从句中looks like 中的like是介词，提问的是like后的宾语。
第十一节、倒装与省略
1.检查是否有该倒装而未倒装的情况。
2.检查是否有该省略而未省略的情况。
高考英语专题短文改错二十篇1-20
1. Three friends and I was driving on a highway. While we were going at least 50 miles per hour, we passed over a car. It had broken down, stopped on the side of the road. My friend slows down, and pulled behind the other car. He got out of the car immediate and before I knew it he was helping the other person push the car down the road to a spot where wasn’t so close to the passing cars. From the way they were pushing the car, it looked as if my friend was pushing them all by himself. I thought my friend help a complete stranger like this was a great thing, but I won’t forget his good nature or character. 2. Dear Brad, I’m very glad to hear from you. In your last letter you ask about the post-80s in China. Actually I am the boy who belongs to this group. Comparing with our parents, life for us is getting much hard. The job market is tough and the house is expensively to afford. Now many girls prefer to marry with a man who owns a house an d a car. Therefore, I don’t think love built on house and cars is true love, and I doubt how long it will last. As a matter of fact, though situations are tough today, a lot of we post-80s are making great efforts live a good life. I believe we will have a nice future. Li Hua 3. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, Some of us are having problems about our parents, as they often look into our school bags or read our diaries. I fully understand why we are comfortable about it, but it is no need to feel too sadly. Our parents are checking in our bags or diaries to make sure we’re not getting into troubles. They have probably heard of some horrible stories about other kids and thinking we might do the same. Or perhaps they just want to connect with us and are doing it all wrong. My suggestion is: Tell them we want them to trust us as many as we’d like to trust them. If you don’t think you can talk to them, write them a letter and leave it lie around --- they are bound to read it. Thank you! 4. We spend two weeks in London last year. We went there in the autumn .We think it is the best season to visit England. The weather is usually good but there aren’t too many tourists in October. We stayed in a small h otel in the West End .It was convenient as we did most of our traveling by foot. We went to look at the places where all tourists see. We saw Buckingham Palace and the National Gallery. We went to shopping in Oxford Street and spent too many money .What we liked most, though, was going to theatre. We don’t have the chance to see so wonderful plays at home .A lot of people say English food is very badly. We didn’t think so. It’s true that most of the restaurants are French or Italian or Chinese, but we had some very good meal.
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高三英语短文改错专项训练(每日一篇） (1) Last Sunday I saw the worst storm in years. It came sudden and went on for over three hours. After lunch, I went into my room to have a rest. The air was hotter, and all is quiet. Then a strong wind started to blow into my room. Pieces of paper on my desk flew high into the air and some flew out the open window. As I ran out to catch them, big drop of rain began to fall. When I came back into house, it was raining harder and harder. I tried very hard to close the window. Then I heard a loudly crashing(碰撞的)sound from the back of the house. When I ran out to find that a big tree had fallen down and broke the top of the back room. (2) I have been planning to join in our college basketball team next year, so now I am spending as more time as I can with other people who likes to play. They are teaching me the most important rules and technologies of the game, and I am getting the better all the time. We have a neighborhood team that play against other teams in the area. One of my neighbors is helping rest of us improved our skills. Tonight we are playing against one of the best teams in the city, and I think we can beat them if we won't make any mistakes. (3) Fang Tong is 34 years old, an actor, director and teacher of Beijing Opera Theater. Most of his students are from other part of China and have come to Beijing at a very young age of sixteen or seventeen. He hopes create an environment for his students that it is much more relaxing than the one he used to study in. He thought that an actor should relax himself when performing. Yet his students deep respect him and he never needs to raise his voice in order to be hearing. For his opinion, actors should go on even when they feel they have made a mistake in their performances because the moment is already gone but people can never be back to it. . . So art is always changing and
2020最新高考英语短文改错专项演练
高考英语短文改错专项演练 Ⅰ My friend Kate was a pretty girl whose sweet voice drew others’ attentions. Last year, she left to study at a music 1.______ school. Yesterday she called to say that she wants to see me but 2.______ not at my house. So we fixed a time and a place and then hung. 3.______ Today I met her at a given time and place. Greatly 4.______ to my surprise, I found her so much changing. She 5.______
looked very sorrowful and worrying. She said she had made 6.______ such little progress that she was almost hopeless of success. 7.______ She wondered that whether she had been wasting her 8.______ time doing nothing. I knew she just needed some encouragement. 9.______ So I did what I could persuade her to gain her courage again. 10.______ II
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Last week my parents and I took a two-days trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. As every one knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （二） Many teachers worry about the effects of television with young people. According to studies, many children spend more time watching television than they spend in school. Because so much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to, although radios can be very noise. Teachers also wonder about the effects of television commercials. On one year the average child will see 25,000 television commercials, all planned and written by grown-ups to make children to want things that they don't real need. （三） I’m the captain o f our school team so with my fellow players we’ve won sever al games. There will an important game next month. But one of the best player in our team told me just then that he wouldn’t play basketball once more. His parents asked him to spend in more time preparing for the college entrance examination. I feel sorry to him. But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports and college was the only place for a smart boy like his son. So my friend had no choice. He wanted to make their parents happy. (四) When I first learned to write English, I ran into many difficulties . The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English .One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher .She liked it very much and reads it to the class .All said the story was a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to me. （五） Dear Ralph, I’m a newcomer here of a small town. I would describe myself as shy and quietly. Before my classmates, it seems always difficult for me to do things as well them. I'm sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel happy every day. Besides, I have few friends. I don't know that they don't like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once. I am trying to improve the situation since it doesn’t seem to work. Can you tell me about what I should do? Yours, Xiao Wei
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2021年新高考英语全真演练(3)
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2018高考英语专题短文改错
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2019高考英语短文改错真题专题训练(含解析)
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