商务英语重点词汇

MBA2002联考共享笔记——重点词汇

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A

abandon vt.放弃, 遗弃n.放任, 狂热abandon oneself to 沉缅于, 陷入

He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.

他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。

同义辩析：abandon desert forsake quit 都含有“放弃”、“遗弃”的意思。abandon 强调“完全、永远地遗弃”, 尤其是指遗弃以前感兴趣或负有责任的人或物, 如:

She abandoned her child.

她遗弃了她的孩子。

desert 强调“违背誓言、命令、责任、义务等”, 如:

The soldier deserted his country and helped the enemy.

那个士兵叛国助敌。

forsake 指“遗弃某人以前所爱的人或物”, 强调“断绝情感上的依恋”, 如:

She pleaded with her husband not to forsake her.

她恳求丈夫不要抛弃她。

quit 强调“突然或不意地弃去”, 常指“停止”, 如:

She quitted her job.

她放弃了自己的工作。

abatement n.减（免）税，打折扣，冲销

aboard adv.在船(飞机、车)上, 上船(飞机、车)

prep.在(船、飞机、车)上, 上(船、飞机、车)

absent adj.不在的, 缺席的, 缺少的,心不在焉的，vt.缺席

He is absent on business.

他因事缺席。He is absent from Hong Kong.

他不在香港。

He looked at me in an absent way.

他茫然地望着我。

absorb vt.吸收；吸引...的注意；吞并；兼并

This job absorbs all of my time.

这件工作占有了我的全部时间。

be absorbed by被...吞并, 为...所吸收absorb sb.'s attention吸引某人注意

be absorbed in全神贯注在..., 一心从事, 热衷于

accent n.重音, 口音, 重音符

He speaks with a strong southern accent.

他说话带有很浓的南方口音。

She told me her story in broken accent.

她泣不成声地告诉我她的经历。

accept vt.接受；承认；认可；承兑（票据）accept the situation听天由命

accept an office承担一个职务

accept a note承兑票据

acceptance n.接受，接纳；承认；承兑汇票(= acceptance bill)

anticipated acceptance提前支付的承兑汇票bank [banker's] acceptance银行承兑(票据) blank acceptance 不记名承兑票据blanket acceptance 全部接收

clear acceptance 无条件承兑, 单纯承兑

accommodation n.住宿，膳宿；通融；贷款；(车, 船, 飞机等的)预定铺位, (眼睛等的)适应性调节

as a matter of accommodation

为...便利计

book accommodation at a hotel

向旅馆预定房间

This hospital has accommodation(s) for 400 patients.

这个医院有400个床位。

It's a great accommodation to me.

这对我很方便。

account a.叙述，说明；帐目，帐户

vi.说明，解释（原因等）

on account of 因为；由于

acount for 解释；说明：accounting n.会计，会计学；借贷对照表

accuse vt.控告, 谴责, 非难

accuse sb. of ...指控某人...

The police accused him of murder.

警方指控他谋杀。

accustomed adj.通常的, 习惯的, unaccustomed adj.不习惯的, 不平常的, 奇怪的

I am unaccustomed to public show.

我不习惯抛头露面。

acquire vt.获得,学得(知识等), 养成(习惯等) acquire knwledge of 求得...的知识

Some people go back for their education to acquire another degree or diploma to impress the society.

有些人回到学校去接受教育,是想再取得一个学位或一张文凭,以增强自己在社会上的地位。

actuals n.现货

acute a.敏锐的；剧烈的；厉害的

acutely adv. 尖锐地; 剧烈地

She still has very acute hearing, though she is eighty years old.

尽管她已经八十岁了,但她的听觉仍然很灵敏。

同义辩析：acute keen sharp

意思都含“锐利的”(包括它的引伸义)意思。用于物时,sharp 指“尖或刃”, 如:

a sharp point 锐利的尖。

keen 一般指“刃”, 如:

a keen edge 锋刃。

acute 只用于学术语中, 如:

an acute angle 锐角。

用于人时, sharp 表示“有洞察力的, 精明的, 机警的”, 着重“狡猾”“不易受骗”, 如: You won't catch him. He's very sharp.

你骗不了他, 他精明极了。

keen 表示人的“锐敏”、“聪明”、“善于思索”, 如:

He's a keen mind.

他头脑灵敏。

acute 侧重指“人观察事物的深刻性以及分辨问题的细致性。”如:

He has given an acute analysis of the situation. 他对形势做了深刻的分析。

adapt vt.使适应, 改编

adapt for 使适合于; 为...改编[改写] adapt from 根据...改写[改编]

adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于某事adapt sth. to 使某事物适应或适合

The movie was adapted from a novel.

这部电影是由小说改编的。

(adopt vt.采用, 收养

The resolution was adopted by a vote of 180 in favour to 10 against it.

决议案以一百八十票对十票获得通过。One refers to an adopted child but to adoptive parents.表示adopted（被收养的）孩子而不是adoptive（有收养关系的）父母)

administration n.管理，经营；行政机关；政府

admire v.赞美, 钦佩, 羡慕

We all admired her for the way she saved the children from the fire.

她把孩子们从大火中救出来,我们都钦佩不已。

Everybody admires him for his fine sense of humour.

人人都钦佩他那绝妙的幽默感。

admit v.容许, 承认, 接纳

This ticket admits two people to the football match.

这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。

He admitted his crime.

他招认了罪行。

The rules and regulations admit of no other explanation.

这些规章制度不容许有其他解释。(admit of容许有; 有...可能; 容有...的余地) 同义辩析：admit acknowledge confess

意都含“承认”的意思。

admit 通常指因外界压力、良心或判断而承认某事的存在或真实性, 含“不情愿”之意, 如:

I admit that she is right.

我承认她是对的。

acknowledge 指“公开承认”, 常用于过去隐瞒或否认之事,如:

With so much evidence against him he had to acknowledge his error.

在这么多的证据面前, 他不得不承认错误。confess 着重承认自己的过错或罪恶, 因此有“忏悔”、“坦白”的含意, 如:

He has confessed his crime.

他承认了自己的罪行(含坦白之意)。adulteration n.掺假；劣等货，假货，次品

advance vi.前进，推进，取得进展

n.前进，进展；预付款

in advance 预先

You must pay for the book in advance.

你必须预先付书的钱。

advance of 在…之前

advertise v.为...做广告

affect vt.影响, (使)感动

He was deeply affected by my words.

他听了我的话很受感动。

同义辩析：affect effect influence 作为动词, 都含“影响”的意思。

affect 指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”,着重“影响”的动作, 有时含有“对...产生不利影响”的意思, 如:

This article will affect my thinking.

这篇文章将会影响我的思想。

effect 指“实现”、“达成”,着重“造成”一种特殊的效果, 如:

This book effected a change in my opinion.

这本书使我的看法起了变化。

influence 指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响”, 如:

Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine.

在一位中学生物教师的影响下, 他从事医学研究。

（affect, influence, touch, impress,sway,move 这组动词的一般含义为使人或能作出反应的物产生或受到影响。）

affiliate n.附属公司；联营公司

affix n.附件，附录

vi.附贴，盖（章），签署

affix a stamp to the envelope

在信封上贴邮票

afford vt.提供, 给予, 供应得起,花得起时间The transaction afforded him a good profit.

这笔买卖使他赚了一大笔。

If we could afford it, we'd like to go abroad for our holidays.

如果出得起旅费,我们想到国外去度假。

aftermarket n.后继市场；零件市场

aged adj.年老的, ...岁的, 老年人特有的

My daughter is aged 7 years.

我女儿7岁。

The sick and the aged need our help.

病人和老人需要我们帮助。

agency n.代理处，机构

agent n.代理人，代理商

aggregate a.总的，累积的

~GNP国民生产总值

agreement n.一致，同意；协议，合同agree on [upon]

对...达成协议; 对...取得一致意见

agree to sth.

同意某事

agree to differ

同意各自保留不同意见

agree with

同意...的意见; 与...一致; 对...适合alienation n.转让，让渡

alience n.受让人

allocation n.拨款；分配

alms [a:mz] n.救济金；捐款

alone adj.单独的,孤独的, 独自的

adv.独自地, [用在名词或代词之后]

只有, 唯有, 仅仅

He went home alone.

他独自一人回家去了。

(lonely adj.孤独的, 寂寞的, 偏僻的, 人迹罕至的

"The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean."

这个人要飞往洛卡尔--大西洋上的一个孤岛。)

amateur n.业余爱好者, 业余艺术家

adj.业余的,

(来自拉丁语amator情人)

amaze vt.使吃惊

be amazed at (by) 对...大为惊奇

be amazed to see [hear, find]

看到[听到, 发现]...感到吃惊Visitors were amazed at the achievements in the car manufacture of the city during the past decade.

参观者对这城市过去十年中汽车制造工业的成就感到惊奇。

同义辩析：amaze astonish surprise

都含有“使...惊异”的意思,而且它们都是一般以事物或他人作主语, 以本人作宾语; 以本人作主语时用被动形式。

amaze强调“使惊异, 困惑”间或还有“惊叹, 佩服”的意思, 是意义很强的词, 如: We were amazed at the ingenuity with which they solved their difficulties.

他们在解决困难中所表现的智慧使我们惊叹[佩服]。

astonish表示“使人大吃一惊”、“几乎无法使人相信”, 但没有“惊叹”的意思, 如: I was astonished at his rudeness.

他的粗野使我大吃一惊。

surprise语气较上述两词弱, 只表示“出乎意外地惊异”, 如:

We were surprised at finding the house empty. 我们惊讶地发现房子是空的。

a.m. abbr上午，午前(ante meridiem):

amendment n.修正；赔款

amortization n.摊销；摊还；分期偿付

amount n.数量，数额，总数

v.（与to连用）共计，等于

in amount 总之, 结局; 总计

never [not] amount to anything 一事无成Their traveling expenses amount to seven hundred dollars.

他们的旅费共达700 美元。

Your words amount to a refusal.

你的话等于回绝了。

annuity n.年金；养老金

application n.请求，申请；应用

apply vt.请求，申请；应用；适用

apply to 适用于, 应用于,

apply for 申请; 请求, 接洽

apply oneself to 致力于, 集中精力做某事

appraisal n.评价；估价，鉴定

appreciate v.欣赏；领会；评价；感激；增值Do you appreciate good wine?

你会鉴赏好酒吗？

We appreciate your efforts for the development of the company.

我们感激你对公司发展所作的努力。appreciation n.鉴赏；升值，增值

appropriate n.拨出（款项等）；占用；挪用The government appropriated a large sum of money for building schools.

政府拨出一大笔钱修建学校。

to appropriate public funds

挪用公款

The minister was found to have appropriated government money.

部长被发现曾盗用公款。

arbitrage n.套利，套汇

arbitrage of exchange 多角套汇

arrear n. [常用复]欠款

arrears of work该完而未完的工作

arrears of rent拖欠的房租

arrestment n.财产扣押，扣留

article n.文章；条款；物件，商品；冠词

assemble vt.集合, 聚集, 装配

vi.集合

All the people assembled at Mary's house.

所有的人都聚集在玛丽的屋子里。

assessment n.评估；确定金额

assessor n.估计财产的人；确定税款的人asset n.(单项)财产；（pl.）资产

~account资产帐户

~s income资产收益

~s settlement资产决算

assign v.指派，指定；（与to连用）分配，过户；转让

The two governments assigned a day for the next negotiation.

两国政府确定了下一轮谈判的日期。

The monitor was assigned to take notes for the meeting.

班长被分派作会议记录。

assignment n.分配，指派；（分配的）任务；（布置的）作业；转让

assistant n.助手, 助教

adj.辅助的, 助理的, 副的assistant manager副经理

assistant professor助教授(低于副教授高于讲师)

assistantship n.(大学)研究生奖学金(该研究生同时为assistant)

associate vt.联想

vi.交往, 结交

n.合作人, 同事

adj.副的

What do you associate with such a heavy snow?这样一场大雪你有什么联想?

We associate China with the Greet Wall.

我们想起中国, 就联想到长城。

associate editor[美]副主编

associate judge陪审法官

astonish vt.使惊讶

be astonished at sth.对某事感到惊讶

I was astonished when I heard the hospital had burnt down.

当我听到那所医院被烧毁时，我大为惊讶。He was astonished at what he found.

他发现的情况使他十分惊讶。

attach vt.缚上, 系上, 贴上

v.配属, 隶属于

attach to加入，参加, 加于…之上

Pro. Smith was attached to the medical college as a guest professor for two years.

史密斯教授在医学院当了两年的客座教授。No blame attaches to him for the accident.

这个事故他没有受到责备。

attempt vt.尝试, 企图（常与to连用）

n.努力, 尝试, 企图（常与at, on, to

连用）

An astronaut will attempt to leave the stationary spaceship and then return to it.

一名宇航员将试着离开停着的宇宙飞船,然后再回到里面去。

She made an attempt to cook the dinner.

她试着做这顿饭。

attract vt.吸引, 引起(兴趣、注意等); 诱惑She was attracted by the novel advertisement. 她被这新颖的广告吸引住了。

Flowers attract many bees.

鲜花招引来许多蜜蜂。

attorney n.代理人，被委托人

auction n./vt.拍卖

auction sth. off 把某物拍卖掉

auditing n.审计；查帐；决算

avail n.效益；营业收入

without avail 无效

average n.平均，平均数，一般水平

a.平均的，中等的，平常的

v.平均为

on (an) average 通常；按平均

We average 8 hours' work a day.

我们每天平均工作八小时。

avoid vt.避免, 消除

I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 我横穿马路以便避开他,但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。

To avoid confusion, the teams wore different colours.

为避免混淆,两队分穿不同颜色的衣服。

award n.奖, 奖品vt.授予, 判给awardee n.受奖者

awarder n.授奖者

He was awarded a gold cup in acknowledgment of his creative achievements for the development of the company.

公司奖给他一个金杯,以感谢他为公司发展所作出的创造性成就。

aware adj.知道的, 明白的, 意识到的

be aware of 知道, 意识到

become aware of 发觉, 注意到

We were quite aware (of) how you would respond to our terms.

我们十分清楚你们对我们提出的条件肯定会有什么反应。

同义辩析：aware conscious sensible

都含有“意识到的”意思。

aware 侧重“感官所意识到的外界事物”, Everybody is aware of the importance of the Four Modernizations.

每个人都意识到了四化的重要性。conscious 侧重“心理感知”, 如:

He is conscious of a sense of quilt.

他感到内疚。

sensible 指“可用感官察觉到的(较复杂或抽象的事物的)”, 如:

I was sensible of her solemn grief.

我知道她很悲哀。

awful adj.可怕的, 威严的, <口>极度的, 糟糕的

had an awful day at the office.

在办公室里度过了糟糕的一天

ax(e) n.斧, (经费的)大削减vt.削减

It is said that another 350 jobs were axed by the company yesterday

据说该公司昨天又裁员三百五十名。

B

bail [beil] n.保释金；保释；保释人

v.保释（与out 连用）

bail a person out 保释出某人

The man was bailed out for $500.

此人是用五百美元保释出来的。

balance vt.使平衡，使收支平衡

n.天平；平衡；结存，差额

ballooning n.股票上涨；非法操纵价格

ban n./vt.禁止，禁令，取缔

bank n.银行；岸，堤

banker n.银行家

banking n.银行业；银行学

bankrupt n.破产者

vt.使破产

a.破产的

go bankrupt 破产

play the bankrupt破产, 不能偿还债务

His wife's extravagance soon bankrupted him. 他妻子的奢侈生活很快就使他破产了。

bankruptcy n.破产

bargain n.交易；便宜货

barter n.物物交换，以货易货，实物交易

bear v.忍受；承担；生育；结（果实）bear on涉及；关于(= bear upon)

What he says bears no relation to the the problem under discussion.

他所说的与正在讨论的问题毫无关系。bear in mind 牢记在心

You must bear in mind that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.

你要记住你的父母指望你成为一名好医生。

bear n.熊；空头

bearer n.持票（指支票、票据、汇票等）人；带信人，持信人

a.(持票人)可转让的；开给持票人的bearer cheque 不记名支票

bearish a.（行情）看跌的，卖空的

bend v.弯曲, 专心于, 屈服

n.弯曲

The stream bends to the west.

这条小河折向西流。

It is possible to bend nature to human will?

有可能让大自然服从人类的意志吗?

He bent his mind to the job.

他专心于他的工作。

“F ew will have the greatness to bend history itself, but each of us can work to change a small portion of events”(Robert F. Kennedy) “几乎没有人伟大到足以改变历史本身，但我们每个人都可以改变事情的一小部分”(罗伯特F.肯尼迪)

beneficiary n.受益人

bid v.投标；出价，报价

Bids for building the bridge were invited.

应邀参加建造那座桥梁的投标。

bidder n.（拍卖时的）出价人，报价人；投标人

bill n.帐单，清单；钞票；票据

binder n.临时契约；装订工

blanknote n.空白支票

board n.木板；伙食；董事会

vt.上飞机（或船、车）

drawing board 制图板

chess board 棋盘

Each student has to pay $100 a month for board and lodging.( board and lodging.膳宿) 每个学生每月需付一百美元的膳宿费。The board of the directors unanimously agreed that Mr White was the best candidate for the job.( a board of trustees; a board of directors. 理事会；董事会) 董事会一致同意怀特先生是干这项工作的最佳候选人。

He boarded the bus. 他上了公共汽车。

bond n.契约；债券；联结；监禁

bonded n.有担保的，保税的；抵押的bonus n.额外津贴；奖金；红利

booking n.订货；未交订货；记帐

boom a.高涨；繁荣，兴旺

borrow v.借，借入

borrowing n.借款，贷款

bottleneck n.瓶颈；妨碍生产的卡脖子环节

brains n.智力, 脑髓

the brains一组聪明人

Some of the best brains in the province are here tonight.

今晚我们省内的一些智囊人物云集在这里。

brainstorm vi.动脑筋，出主意，想办法，献计献策

brainstorm a more permanent solution to a problem

群策群力设法找到一个长期有效的解决办法

brand n.商标，牌子

vt.打烙印...于break v.打破；损坏；破坏；中断；（物价等）暴跌；倒闭

n.（课间或工间）休息时间；破产；

倒闭

break-even n.保本的，不亏不盈的，得失相当的，收支相抵的

The point, especially the level of sales of a good or service, at which the return on investment is exactly equal to the amount invested.

盈亏平衡点尤指在出售货物或服务的水平上，投资的收益与投资的数量恰好相等的一点.

Also called: break-even point

breeze n微风；和风；柔风

broke a.破产的

broken a.破了的，破碎的

broker n.经纪人(One that acts as an agent for others, as in negotiating contracts, purchases, or sales in return for a fee or commission.)

brokerage n.经纪人（或中间人）业务；付给经纪人的手续费，佣金，回扣

broom n.扫帚,

brow n.眉毛, 额,

bubble n.高风险投资；泡；水泡

budget n.预算

bulb n球状物；电灯泡

the bulb of the eye 眼球

the bulb of an electric lamp 电灯泡

bulk-cheap n.薄利多销

bull n.公牛；粗壮的人；买空

bull-bear n.多头空头

bullish a.股票行情看涨的；物价上涨的

a bullish market看涨的行情

We are bullish for 1989.

我们对1989年表示乐观。

bunch n.串, 束v.捆成一束

a bunch of flowers 一束花

a bunch of keys 一串钥匙

a bunch of newspapers一捆报纸

a bunch of sheep一群羊

bundle n.捆, 束, 包

a bundle of magazines一捆杂志

a bundle of old clothes一包旧衣服

bush n灌木；矮树

a clump of bushes一片灌木林

business n.商业，生意；事务

butter n.黄油, 牛油

vt.涂黄油于...上

spread butter on bread

把黄油涂在面包上

butter up 谄媚，夸耀极度地赞美或奉承：You're always buttering up the boss.

你总是拍老板的马屁

by-business n 副业，兼职

(by-表示“次要的, 附带的”之义)

by-law n.公司章程；细则，附则

by-product副产品

C

cabbage n洋白菜，卷心菜

cabin n.小屋, 船舱

a four-berth cabin 四个铺位的船舱airtight cabin 气密舱, 密封舱

cabinet n.(有抽屉或格子的)橱柜, <美>内阁a medicine cabinet 药架

a Cabinet Minister 内阁部长

cadre n.干部

cafe n.咖啡馆, 小餐馆

cage n笼子；鸟笼

call v.称为；叫喊（常与out连用）；打电话n.喊叫；访问；（一次）通话；付款要求

（通知书）

call a loan. 讨还借债

He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank.

他大声招呼着那些小孩,并把球抛回到岸上。注意：call at 的宾语通常为house,office等之类的名词，或不用at,不跟宾语。call on 的宾语通常为表示人的名词或代词。call in 表示顺路到某处或某家。

He called at every house in the street once a month.

这条街的每一户人家他每月都要访问一次.

I called on him yesterday,but he could not help us.

我昨天去拜访他了，但他帮不了我们的忙. After crossing the equator,the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted.

过了赤道之后，船长顺路停靠了一个港口，以便装上一个新舵。

同义辩析：call summon invite 都含“召唤”、“邀请”的意思。

call系常用词, 意思是“叫唤某人”,“请...来”, 如:

He called the waiter over.

他召唤侍者过来。

summon属正式用语, 指“来自权威人士的召集或传唤”,尤指用于正式的集会或职务方面, 如:

The judge summoned me to give evidence.

法官传我(出庭)作证。

invite 指“有礼貌地邀请”, 如:

We invited her to our dinner party.

我们邀请她赴宴。

canal n.运河,沟渠

the Suez C- 苏伊士运河

the C-Zone 巴拿马运河区

The canals take water to the rice fields.

水渠把水送到稻田里。

the alimentary canal of the human body.

人体内的消化管道。

candle n.蜡烛

canvasser n.挨户推销商品的推销员canvass vi.拉选票(for), 游说

canvass a district for votes

为争取选票在选举区举行游说

He canvassed the papers, hunting for notices of jobs.

他仔细查阅报纸, 寻找招工广告。capacity n. 容量；能力；生产量

capital n.首都；资本；大写字母

a.主要的，基本的；资本的capitation n.人头税；按人头收费；按人计算cargo n.货物，船货

carpenter n.木匠(Carpenter n.卡彭特(姓氏))

carriage n.马车；（铁路）客车车厢；运输，运费

cart n.大车, 手推车

vt 用车运送,强行带走, 辛苦地搬运The police carted the prisoners off to prison. 警察将囚犯押往监牢。

He had to cart his books to the library at the end of the term.

学期终了时，他不得不将书辛辛苦苦地送到图书馆去。carve v.雕刻,

He carved the figure of a woman from a piece of wood. 他用一块木头雕了一个女人像。The talented artist carved an interesting decoration from this piece of tree root.

天才的艺术家把这块树根雕成一件有趣的装饰品。

cash n.现金，现款

v.兑现，付现

Can you cash this postal order for me now?

你现在能帮我兑现这张邮政汇票吗?

casher n.出纳员

castle n.城堡

In this old castle you can see cannons from the 17th century.

在这座古老的城堡里你可以看到十七世纪的火炮。

(mansion n.大厦, 官邸,

palace n.宫, 宫殿

chateau pl. chateaus, chateaux①[法](法国封建时代的)城堡②(乡下)邸宅, 大别墅)

cattle n 牛(总称)

be kittle cattle to shoe难以对付的人

ceiling n.天花板；最高限额

certificate n.证书；单据

change v.改变；兑换；更换

n.改变；零钱

change hands 易手，（买卖）转手

If it costs 25 cents and you give her an American dollar you should get 75 cents change.

如果这件东西值二十五分,而你给他一美元,应找回七十五分的零钱。

charge v.控告；索价；充电

n.收费；费用；指控；充电

chart n 图；图表；(pl)流行音乐排行榜

check vt.检查，核对；制止

n.检查，核对；支票, 饭馆的帐单check in签到; 报到; 办理住宿手续

check out付帐离开旅馆

A sudden change of wind checked the forest fire.

风向突然一转,森林大火就被遏制了。

cheek n 脸颊；面颊

Her cheeks became red after she ran up the stairs to the six floor.

她奔上楼梯到了七楼,两颊涨得通红。

cheque（美：check）n.支票

a cheque for 100 dollars

一百美元支票

chess n.国际象棋

have a game of chess下一盘象棋

chess tournament 象棋比赛

play (at) chess 下象棋

chore n.家务杂事, 烦锁之事；困难的（或不合意的）工作

It's such a chore to do the shopping every day! 每天上街买东西真烦人！

Christian n.基督徒, 信徒

circulate v.循环；流通；流传

circulation n.循环；流传；流通；报刊等的发行量

claim vt.声称；要求；索赔

n.要求；主张，断言

Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident?

你的车子出事之后，要求领保险金了吗？Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea.

渔夫和水手有时声称看到过海里的妖怪。They made a claim for higher pay.

他提出更高报酬的要求。

clause n.(合同)条款

clearance n.甩卖；调节贷款；交换票据等

cliff n.悬崖, 绝壁

The mountaineer broke a leg while climbing a cliff and was hospitalized for a month.

"登山运动员在攀登悬崖峭壁时摔断了一条腿,住院治疗了一个月。"

client n.委托人；顾客

clinic n.门诊部, 临床

His clinic is near the newly-built railway station.

他的诊所在新建的火车站附近。

closed a.关闭的；停止营业的

closedown n.停业；倒闭

C.O.D（=cash on delivery）n.货到付款

coarse adj.粗糙的, 粗俗的

coarse cloth 粗织的布

coarse talk 粗鲁的谈话

同义辩析：coarse gross vulgar

都含“粗鲁的”、“不雅的”意思。

coarse 指“言语、举止等粗鲁的或不雅的”，如：Don't use coarse words before a lady. 在妇女前不要讲粗鲁的话。

gross 指“粗野的”、“下流的”，如：

a revoltingly gross expletive 下流得令人作呕的一个虚词。

vulgar 指“粗俗的”、“卑下的”、“庸俗的”，表示说话者对述及者的态度或意见，如：He is a man of vulgar taste.

他是个有低级趣味的人。

cock n.公鸡, （水管等的）旋塞

fire cock 消火栓

discharge cock排水旋塞

drain cock

排气阀［旋塞］；放水旋塞［龙头］

draw-off cock

放出开关，放水旋塞［龙头］

coin n. 硬币

vt. 创造，杜撰（新词、新语等）

coin one's brains动脑筋挣钱

coin new silver dollars铸造新银元

collapse v./n.倒塌；崩溃；(价格)暴跌；倒闭，破产

The unexpected rainstorm caused the collapse of the roof.

突然来临的暴风雨把屋顶刮塌了。

If you work too hard, your health may collapse.

如果你工作太累的话，你可能病倒。collect v.收集；领取；收税，收帐

collective adj.集体的

n.集体

collective action 集体行动

collective goods 集体财产，公共设施class collective 班集体

collection n.收集；募捐；收藏品；收款，收帐

column n.圆柱, 柱壮物, 专栏, 纵队

comb n.梳子, vi.梳(发),

commerce n.商业；贸易

commence v.开始, 着手

commence on 着手

commence with 从...开始

We commence building on March 18th.

我们于三月十八日开工。

commercial a.商业的，商务性的

n.商业广告The aim of the repetitions of the same commercial on television is nothing but to brainwash consumers into compulsive sonsumption.

电视上反复地播放同一个广告的目的无非是想宣传得使消费者非用不可。

commission n.委员会；佣金；手续费；授权；代办；委托

United Nations Commission-on International Trade Law联合国国际贸易法律委员会commission agent代理人，经纪人commission house证券经纪公司［交易所］Some salesmen in big shops receive a commission of 10％on everything they sell, as well as a salary.

大商店有些店员不仅有薪金，而且还可抽取所售货物百分之十的佣金。

commodity n.商品；日用品

compensate v.赔偿，补偿

compensation n.报酬，赔偿金

compete vi.竞争，比赛

competition n.竞争（with，in），

比赛(in), 对抗(against，with) compete with other countries for world market 与其它国家竞争国际市场

compete in a race

参加赛跑

compete with [against] sb. for sth.

与某人竞争而获得某物

The young tennis player has often competed against famous players, but so far he has always been beaten.

那位年轻的网球运动员常与著名球员对抗比赛，可是到目前为止，他总是输的。

competitor n.竞争者

compass n.罗盘, 指南针, [pl.] 圆规

complain vi.抱怨，申诉

vt.抱怨，控诉［常与that从句连用］They complained about the food.

他们抱怨这糟糕的食物。

The boy complained of a pain in his stomach. 这孩子说他肚子痛。

They complained that the wages were too low. 他们抱怨工资过低。

complaint n.抱怨，诉苦；申诉

complex a.复杂的，综合的

n.综合企业，综合体

The new sports complex has everything needed for many different activities.

新建的综合体育馆能为多种活动提供所需要的设施。

同义辩析：complex, complicated, intricate

这几个形容词的一般含义是“复杂的”。complex指组成某种机器的零件、构成某件事的因素或构成数学题的元素不仅很多，而且相互的关系或相互的作用也令人眼花缭乱，只有学识深的人或具有专门知识的人才能处理。

the complex mechanism of a watch

手表的复杂结构

the complex modern world 复杂的现代世界Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law. 正义是复杂的法律机器的一部分。complicated具有complex的一切意义，但更强调复杂得难以解释或理解。一道算式题可能非常complex,但未必确实complicated；而一道complicated算式一般总是complex的。The old view of Galileo was delightfully uncomplicated.

过去对伽利略的看法并不复杂(指不深奥)，这是令人欣然的。

The apparatus thus described, however, records only the horizontal component of the wave movement.

然而，仪器的如此描画只记录下波的运动的水平组成部分，但是事实上波的运动要复杂得多（指不易解释）。

intricate 通常指交织在一起的众多因素，而且很难理出头绪来。

The child was perplexed by the intricate plot of the story.

这孩子被那头绪纷繁的故事弄得迷惑不解。

complicated adj.复杂的, 难解的

composition n组成；构成, 作文,乐曲

I have no idea who decided the composition of the committee?

我不知道委员会的成员是由谁选定的。

comprehensive adj.全面的, 广泛的, 详尽的a comprehensive knowledge 渊博的知识

a comprehensive mind 宽大的心胸

The state government gave a very comprehensive explanation of its plans for the development of electronic industry.

州政府对电子工业发展的规划作了详尽的解释。

compress vt.压缩

compress two months' work into one

将两个月的工作并在一个月做

concern vt.涉及；关心；挂念

n.关系；关心，担忧；公司,商号，企业，康采恩（垄断组织）

as concerns关于

as (so) far as...be concerned

关于；至于；就...而言

be concerned about关心

a going concern开着的商店；发展中的事业joint stock concern股份公司

paying concern有收益的企业

That doesn't concern me.

那与我无关。

We are all concerned for [about] her safety.

我们大家都担心着她的安全。

concrete adj.具体的, 有形的

n.混凝土

make a concrete analysis of concrete problems 对具体问题作具体分析

Have you any concrete suggestions on how to deal with these difficulties? (喻)"对怎样解决这些困难,你有没有什么具体建议?"

condemn vt.判刑(常与to连用), 声讨, 谴责Most people are willing to condemn violence of any sort as evil.

大多数人都愿意把任何暴力行为视作恶行加以谴责。

be condemned to death

被判死刑

condense v.(使)浓缩, 精简

a condensed account of an event

对某事件的简要叙述

A long story may be condensed into a few sentences.

一个长篇故事可缩写成几句话。

conflict n.斗争, 冲突

vi.抵触, 冲突

conflict between the two countries

两国间的冲突

class conflict 阶级斗争

All these actions by the NA TO conflicted with the universally accepted international laws.

北约的这些行动都与公认的国际法相抵触。

conglomerate n.联合大企业

conscience n.良心, 道德心

according to one's conscience 凭良心

have a bad [guilty, an evil] conscience

有愧于良心，内疚

have a clear [good] conscience 问心无愧

A quiet conscience sleeps in thunder.

[谚] 没做亏心事，不怕鬼叫门。

consent vi. (常与of连用)同意, 赞成, 答应n.同意, 赞成, 允诺

I asked my mother if I could go out, and she consented.

我问妈妈我是否能出去，她答应了。conservative adj.保守的, 守旧的

n.保守派, 保守党

The researchers made a conservative guess at the population of Tokyo.

研究人员对东京的人口作了一项保守的估计。

considerable adj.相当大(或多)的, 值得考虑的, 相当可观的

The TV play received considerable acclaim.

这部电视剧获得很高评价。

The economy was a considerable issue in the campaign.

在竞选运动中经济是一个重要问题

consideration n.考虑；体贴；审议；报酬

consignment n.寄售；发货；委托；交运货物consignment invoice 发货单

consignment note 发货通知书

Their consignment of bananas was / were bad. 他们托运的一批香蕉质量不好。

consolidation n.企业合并

consult vt商量；查阅；咨询

without consulting sb.没征求某人的意见consult reference books翻阅参考书

I consulted George about buying a car.

我向乔治请教购买小汽车的事。

consume vt.消耗，消费

consumer n.消费者，用户

consumerism n.保护消费者利益主义；商品的消费和销售性服务

consumption n.消耗，消费

container n.容器；集装箱

containerization n.集装箱化

contemporary n.同时代的人

adj.当代的, 同时代的Marlowe was contemporary with Shakespeare. 马洛与莎士比亚是同时代的。

同义辩析：contemporary contemporaneous 都含“同时代的”意思。

contemporary 可用于人或事物，如：contemporary records of events

同时代的大事记。

contemporaneous只用于物，如：contemporaneous events 同时发生的事件

contract n.合同，契约；承包

v.订合同；收缩

～for(of) purchase

n.购货合同

～for(of) service

n.劳务合同

～interest

n.放定利息

～life

n.合同有效期限

Their firm have contracted to build a double-purpose bridge across the river.他们公司已签约承建一座横跨大江的两用大桥。contract in 承包

contract out包出去；给人承包

contractor n.承包人；承包商

contributor n.捐助人；纳税人

controller n.主计员；总会计师

convention n.大会, 协定, 习俗, 惯例Convention now allows women to smoke in public. 现在习俗允许妇女在公共场所吸烟。

convert vt.使转变（常与into连用），使转化；兑换（货币）

That building has been converted into a school. 那座楼房改成学校了。

I want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into American dollars. 我想把一些港元换成美元。

convertible a.可兑换的，可兑现的

conveyance n.（不动产等的）转让，让与；转让证书

coordinate vt.协调，调整

coordinate the function of govenment agencies 调整政府机构的作用

coordinate with each other互相配合copyright n.版权，著作权

corporation n.(股份有限)公司；法人

correspond vi.符合（与with, to连用）, 协调, 通信（常与with连用）, 相当,

These goods don't correspond with my order. 这些货物与我的订货单不符。

The American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament.

美国国会相当于英国议会。

to correspond with a friend

和一个朋友通信

corrupt adj.腐败的, 贪污的

vt.使腐烂, 腐蚀, 使恶化

vi.腐烂, 堕落

a corrupt film黄色影片

a corrupt official贪官污吏

The businessman was sent to prison for trying to corrupt a tax official with money.

他因企图向税务官员行贿而被判入狱。

cost n.成本，费用；代价

v.值（多少钱）；花费

costing n.成本会计，成本核算

council n. 地方议会, 理事会, 委员会

the United Nations Security Council

联合国安理会

counseling n.顾问服务

counterfeit n./v.伪造，假冒

n.假货，伪造品

(fake n.假货, 欺骗vt.伪造, 赝造)

counterfoll n.存根，票根

cousin n.堂兄弟姊妹, 表兄弟姊妹

cover vt.盖，覆盖；包括，论及；负担支付，弥补，补空，冲销

n.盖子；封面

creature n.人, 生物

She was a poor creature.

她曾是个可怜的女人。

creatures of the dictators独裁者的走狗

credit n.信贷；信誉；学分

vt.信任，计入贷方,

（常与to, with连用）存入（账户）Do you give credit to what the man said?

你相信那人讲的话吗？

This course carries three credits.

这门课程有三个学分。

Please credit my account with $1000.

请将1000美元存入我的帐户。

crisis n.危机；紧急关头

crush vt.压碎, 镇压

to crush all opposition

镇压一切反对派

This machine crushes wheat grain to make flour.这台机器把麦粒辗压成面粉。

cube n.立方体, 立方

cubic adj.立方体的, 立方的

cunning adj.奸诈的；狡猾的

as cunning as a fox

象狐狸一样狡猾curb vt.制止，控制，抑制

n. 路边, 场外证券市场，场外交易High interest rates put a curb on spending.

高利率抑制了消费

currency n.货币

current adj. 当今的；通用的；流行的

n.涌流, 趋势, 电流, 水流, 气流

go with the current of the times

顺应时代的潮流

overcome current difficulties

克服当前的困难

custom n.习惯；（pl.）海关，关税

His custom was to get up early and have a cold bath.

他的习惯是早起，然后洗个冷水澡。

At the airport; the customs officers searched his case.

在机场，海关人员检查了他的箱子。

cutback n.削减生产，削减人员

The political effects of food cutbacks could be devastating. “食物短缺所带来的政治影响可能是毁灭性的”

cycle n.周期；循环；自行车

vi.骑自行车；循环

He cycles to school every day.

他每天骑车上学。

D

dairy n.牛奶场; 制酪场

diary n.日记

dam n.水坝

A new dam is now being built at the valley.

河谷里正在建一座新水坝。

damage vt./n.毁坏，损害

n.(pl.)损害赔偿费

The storm did a lot of damage to the crops.

暴风雨使庄稼受到了很大损失。

The court awarded ￡500 in damages to the injured.

法庭判给受伤者500英镑的赔偿费。

dash n.冲撞, 破折号, 飞跑

vi. 猛撞；冲撞

The boat was dashed against the rocks.

那船猛地撞到礁石上。

to make a dash for (or at)

向…急进；冲向

dawn n.黎明, 破晓(dusk n.薄暮, 黄昏) vi.破晓

at dawn 拂晓时

from dawn till dusk 从早到晚

the dawn of victory 胜利的曙光

dead a.死的，无生命的，无感觉的；不景气的，呆滞的；停顿的

deal v.处理，安排；给予

n.交易，买卖

How would you deal with an armed burglar? 遇到持有武器的盗贼，你将如何对付？

I've dealt with this shop for 20 years.

我同这家商店做生意已经有20年了。

dealer n.买卖人，商人；经销商，证券商

debenture n.债券；信用债券；（海关）退税凭单

bank debenture金融债券

bearer debenture不记名债券

debit n.借方，借项；记入借方的款项

debt n.债务，欠债

debtee n.债权人

debtor n.债务人；借方

debt-redden n.负债累累decent adj. 体面的；得体的

decline v.下降；谢绝

n.减少；衰落

I declined their offer of help.

我谢绝了他们提出的帮助。

an empire that has declined

业已衰落的帝国

同义辩析：decline refuse reject

都含“拒绝”的意思。

decline 指“较正式地、有礼貌地谢绝”,如: He declined the nomination.

他谢绝提名。

refuse 系普通用语,指“坚决、果断或坦率地拒绝”, 如:

He refused to take the money.

他拒绝接受此款。

reject指“以否定、敌对的态度而当面拒绝”, They rejected damaged goods.

他们拒收损坏的货物。

deduct v.扣除；减去

deduct the tax from the paycheck

从薪金中扣除税款

deed n.行为；功绩；契约；证件

default n./v.拖欠，违约

defects n.不合格品

defend vt.防护, 辩护, 防卫,

The accused man had a lawyer to defend him. 被告有一律师为他辩护。

deficit n.亏损，亏空；赤字，逆差

cover the deficit 弥补亏损

deficit financing 赤字财政

deficit spending 赤字开支

financial deficit 财政赤字, 预算赤字foreign trade deficit 对外贸易逆差

delivery n.投递，交送，交付；交货

delicate adj娇嫩的；微妙的；精细的

Delicate plants must be protected from cold wind and frost.

娇弱的植物必须妥为保护以避免风霜的侵袭。

a delicate subject 微妙的主题

demand vt./n.要求；需要；需求

supply and demand 供与求

active demand 畅销

meet the demand满足需要; 符合要求

It is impossible to satisfy all demands.

有求必应是不可能的。

demonstrate vt.示范, 证明, 示威游行

How do you demonstrate that the earth is round?

你怎样证明地球是圆的?

demonstrated against tax hikes.

示威反对税收上涨

departure n.离开；出发；新业务departure and arrival

开出和到达

a new departure

新起点, 新方案, 新政策

deposit vt.存放；储蓄；使沉积

n.存款；押金；沉淀物

current deposit 活期存款

He put a deposit on a house.

他给一所房子付了押金。

She deposited her money in the bank.

她把钱存在银行里。

depreciation n.折旧；价值下降

depression n.萧条，不景气

description n.描述，形容；种类

deserve vt.应受, 值得（常与to 连用）These people deserve our help.

这些人值得我们帮助。despair n.绝望, 失望,

vi.绝望（常与of连用）

I despair of ever seeing my daughter again.

再也见不到我女儿了，我很失望。

They despaired of winning the game.

他们不抱比赛得胜的希望。

devalue n.贬值

detect vt.察觉, 发觉,

The dentist could detect no sign of decay in her teeth.

牙医在她的牙齿上找不到蛀蚀的迹象。

diagram n.图表；图解

draw a diagram showing how the machine works.绘图说明机器如何运转.

flow-process diagram 流程图

dial n.刻度盘, 钟面, (自动电话)拨号盘

v.拨

dial-in n. 拨入

dial-out n. 拨出

digital display dial 数字显示盘

dictation n.听写, 口述

We'll have dictation today.

我们今天要听写了。

difference n.差别，差异；差额

direct adj.径直的, 直接的

vt.指向, 指挥, 管理, 导演

"Excuse me, can you direct me to the station?" "对不起,你能不能告诉我去火车站怎么走?"

direction n. 方向；指令；（pl.）用法说明Full directions inside.内附详细说明书。give directions予以指示

in all directions四面八方; 各方面

in the direction of朝... 方向

director n.主管，主任；董事；导演

dirty adj.肮脏的, 卑鄙的, 下流的

dirty language 淫秽的语言

a dirty trick 卑鄙的伎俩

Those young people often sat in the cafe around the corner drinking and telling dirty stories.

"那些年青人常常在拐角的咖啡馆里,边喝酒边讲下流故事。"

discharge vt.放出；排出；发射

n 放出；排出；释放

a discharge of electricity 放电器

The water pipe doesn't discharge freely.

水管排水畅通。

The stove chimney discharged dark smoke.

火炉的烟囱冒出黑烟。

The prisoners were glad to get their discharges.

犯人们获释都很高兴。

disclose vt.揭露, 透露

The president disclosed the fact that he was put into prison wrongly twenty years before. 董事长透露说他自己在二十年前曾被冤枉地送进监牢。

discount n.折扣，折价；贴现

disguise v.假装, 伪装, 掩饰

n.伪装

in disguise 伪装, 化装

make no disguise of 不掩饰

in (under) the disguise of伪装成, 在...伪装下The soldiers disguised themselves by wearing white garments in the snow.在雪地里战士们穿着白色服装把自己伪装起来。

It is impossible to disguise the fact that finance is bad.

财政困难这一事实是无法隐瞒的。

dishonour n./vt.拒付

disinflation n.反通货膨胀dismiss vt.解散, 开除, 解职, 不考虑

vi.(口令)解散!

dismiss sb. from his post撤销某人的职务

be dismissed from the service

被免职; 被解雇

He was dismissed from his job.他被解雇了。The teacher dismissed the class five minutes earlier. 老师提前5分钟下课了。

He dismissed all thoughts of running for office.他不再考虑参加竞选活动

display vt./n.展览，陈列；展销；显示(exhibit vt.展出, 陈列n.展览品

show vt./n.表示, 展览, 放映)

dissolution n.解除（契约）；解散

the dissolution of Parliament 国会解散

the dissolution of marriage 解除婚姻

distinct adj.清楚的, 明显的, 截然不同的Those two suggestions are quite distinct from each other. 这两个建议截然不同。

There is a distinct improvement in your study. 你的学习有显著进步。

distinctive adj.与众不同的, 有特色的

This bird has several distinctive features.

这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。

同义辩析：distinctive distinct

distinct指某物与其他东西有显著的区别；distinctive指某个特性或特点使我们能够区分某物与他物。

Alcohol has a very distinctive smell; it's quite distinct from the smell of wine."酒精有独特的气味,它和葡萄酒的气味明显不同。"

distrain n.为抵债而扣押

distribute vt.分发，分配；分布

distribute books among the students

把书分给学生

be distributed into three classes分为三类distribute seeds over a field在田间播种

distribution n.分发，分配；分布

ditch n.沟, 沟渠, 壕沟

The water flows into the ditch at the edge of the rice field.水从稻田边流进沟里。

dividend n.股利，股息，红利

pay a 10％dividend 付一成股息

docking n.扣工资

dole n.失业救济

on the dole从政府或政府一类的机关那里接受固定救济的

downpayment n.预付定金；分期付款

draft n.草稿，草图；汇票

vt.起草

draft a bill 起草法案

drain n.排水沟, 消耗, 排水

v.排（水）, 放（水）

Your kitchen drain has become blocked by tea leaves. 你家厨房的排水管被茶叶堵上了。The water drained away slowly. 水排得很慢。

drill n.钻孔机, 钻子,训练, 操练

v.训练, 钻孔

They drilled boulder's for inserting dynamite. 他们在大石头上钻孔以便装炸药。

to drills students in English grammar

让学生练习英语语法

draw n.平局, 和局

The game ended in a draw.

比赛不分胜负.

drawback n.收回税款，退税

drawing n. 图画；素描；画像; 开发票,提款；提存drown v.溺死, 淹死, 淹没

Don't play by the river in case you fall in and drown!

不要在河边玩耍，以免你掉到河里淹死。drug (pl.) 麻醉药, 毒品

due a. 预定的;应付的;到期的;应有的

due reward 应得的报酬

due to 因为；由…引起；由于

Her illness was due to bad food.

她的病是坏了的食物造成的。

dull adj.枯燥的, 反应迟钝的, 沉闷的

a dull mind迟钝的头脑

a dull speech 单调乏味的讲话

dumb adj.哑的, 沉默的

They remained dumb at the meeting.

他们在会上保持沉默。

(mute n.哑巴adj.哑的,沉默的

deaf [def] adj.聋的, 充耳不闻的

I've called you three times, are you deaf?

我已经叫你三遍了，你聋了吗？)

dump vt.倾倒;倾销

dusk n.薄暮, 黄昏

in the dusk of the evening暮色苍茫中

duty n.职责;义务;税

dye n.染料, 染色

vt.染

Dyes come from plants or from chemicals.

染料是从植物或化学物质中得来的。

dye a white dress blue

把白衣服染成兰色

E

earnings n.(常pl.)收入,收益;利润

earnest adj.认真的, 热心的, 诚挚的

in earnest认真地, 诚挚地