法律英语学习(英汉对照)
1. The National People’s Congress is the highest organ of state power. 全国人民代表大会是最高国家权力机关。
2. The judicial organs of China consist of people’s courts， people’s procurator and the public security departments. 我国的司法机关由人民法院人民检查院和公安部门组成。
3. In the application of the law all citizens are deemed as equals. 一切公民在适用法律上一律平等。
4. The criminal law is one of the basic laws of our country. 刑法是我国基本法之一。
5. Criminal responsibility shall be borne for intentional crimes. 故意犯罪应当负刑事责任
6. In China， the principal penalties are public surveillance，detention，fixed-time imprisonment， life imprisonment and death. 我国的主要刑罚是管制，拘役，有期徒刑，无期徒刑和死刑
7. The court’s job is administering justice and upholding the law. 法院的任务是执行法律和维护法律。
8. The accused was declared innocent. 被告人被宣布为无罪。
9. The court acquitted him of a crime. 法院宣判他无罪。
10. The court pronounced the accused not guilty. 法院宣判被告无罪。
11. The court declared John innocent. 法院宣布约翰无罪
12. The court pronounced a sentence of three years on the accused. 法庭宣判被告人服三年徒刑。
13. They settled the case out of court. 他们的案子在法庭外解决了。
14. She sued him in the court for damages. 她向法院控告他，要求赔偿损失
15. The judge summoned two witnesses to the court. 法官传唤两个证人出庭。
16. The court is in short recess. 法庭作短暂休庭
17. The death penalty shall be carried out by means of shooting. 死刑用枪决的方法执行。
18. As the trials are held under the supervision of the people，their democratic
rights can be better safeguarded. 由于审判是在人民监督下进行的，人民的民主权利就可以得到更好的保障。
19. The judge asked the witness where the accused had been during the accident. 法官询问证人，事情发生时被告人在什麽地方。
20. The little girl witnessed what happened the day before. 这个小女孩目睹前一天所发生的一切。
21. The criminal law of China provides that extortion of confessions through torture is strictly prohibited. 我国刑罚规定，严禁刑讯逼供。
22. Internal acts cannot constitute a crime. 内心的活动不能构成犯罪。
23. He pleaded guilty to his crime and was sentenced to three years of imprisonment. 他对自己罪行表示服罪，并被判处三年徒刑。
24. Whichever the case may be， this must be stopped resolutely. 不论情况怎样，此事必须坚决制止
25. Any fact that testifies to the real circumstances of a case is evidence. 证明案件真实情况的任何事实都是证据
26. All law-breakers， no matter who they may be， will be duly punished. 凡是违犯法律的人，不管他们是谁，都会受到应得的惩罚。
27. The evidence he has given is so weak that he is not entitled to be heard. .他所提供的证据很不充分，因此他的起诉没有被法院受理
28. China’s constitution provides that the citizens’ freedom of person and their homes are inviolable. 我国宪法规定公民的人身自由和住宅不受侵犯。
29. The judge asked the president of the court to decide whether he should withdraw. 审判员要求院长决定他是否应当回避
30. None can witness that he was present. 没有人能证明他在场
31. As soon as the charge against the defendant is established， the case is tried by the court. 被告的被控一旦成立，该案件就由法庭审判。
32. If a man breaks the law， he can be punished. 如果一个人犯法，就会受到惩罚
33. We will call the court to order when the chief procurator has come. 检察长一到，我们就开庭。
34. The announcement of judgment shall in all cases be made in public. 宣判一律公开进行。
35. In the present Criminal Law，false charges， perjury and libel are designated as crimes. 现行的刑法中已确定了诬陷，伪证和诽谤是犯罪的
36. The enforcement of the laws must be strict . 执法必严。
37. Judgment means that a decision is given after trial. 判决书是审判后作出的判决。
38. The plaintiff won the case because the other party didn’t appear in court. 因为对方不出庭，原告人胜诉了。
39. In case where the offender is deaf and dumb or blind the penalty may be lighter or be mitigated or remitted. 聋哑人或者盲人犯罪，可以从轻，减轻或者免除处罚。
40. The reason why he was arrested is now clear. 他被逮捕的原因现在清楚了。
41. A criminal offender is one who commits a crime. 刑事犯罪指的是那种犯有罪行的人
42. The crime of which the offender is proved guilty will be severely punished by law. 违法者的行为的罪行一旦被证实有罪将受到法律严厉的制裁。
43. Any person whose rights have been infringed upon may bring a suit to the court. 凡是自己权利受到别人侵犯的人，都可以向法院起诉。
44. The discharge of a contract means in general that the parties are freed from their mutual obligations. 解约一般指的是双方当事人免去相互承担的义务。
45. When we entered the room， we found the dead lying on the ground. 当我们走进屋内，我们发现死者躺在地上。
46. The marriage must be voluntary. 婚姻必须是自愿的。
47. Mary sued for a divorce. 玛丽起诉要求离婚。
48. The court sentenced the offender the death. 法院潘出该罪犯死刑。
49. Every， without exception， should not offend against the law. 任何人无例外的都不应触犯法律。
50. Penalties are classified as principal and supplementary. 刑法区分为主型和附加刑。
51. The witness watched the habitual offender robbing the man of his money. 证人看见那个惯犯抢夺那个人的钱财。
52. The court dismissed Dennis’ charge. 法庭驳回戴尼斯的控告。
53. The court considered the case very important. 法庭认为这件案子十分重要。
54. The court considered the plaintiff’s evidence insufficient. 法庭认为原告的证据并不充分。
55. The defendant offered the plaintiff a house for $10，000. 被告人卖给原告一幢房子，索价一万美元。
56. Sentences of the death penalty with suspension of execution may be decided or
approved by a high people’s court. 死刑缓期执行的可以由高级人民法院判决或者核准。
57. The lawyer wanted to know how the murderess had helped her accomplice get away. 律师想知道女杀人犯是如何帮助她的同伙逃走的。
58. You wronged him when you said that he was dishonest. 你说他不诚实是冤枉他了。
59. If action is not taken within the prescribed tome， prosecution can never be taken. 如果在规定时间不起诉，就不能再诉了。
60.A later statute takes away the effect of a prior one.
后法优于前法。
61.Arms and laws do not flourish together.
武力与法律不能同时兴盛。
62.Consent makes law.
合意产生法律。
63.Custom has the force of law.
民俗具有法律效力。
64.Customs, religious and philosophies tend to form the basis for a nation's laws.
风俗宗教和哲学常是一个国家法律构成之基础。
65.Equity is a correction of common legal rules in their defective parts.
衡平法是对普通法律规则中瑕疵部分的矫正。
66.Except as otherwise provided by law.
法律另有规定的除外。
67.Every law has a loop hole.
凡是法律皆有漏洞。
68.Every law has no atom of strength, as far as no public opinion supports it.
若无公众舆论支持，法律是没有丝毫力量的。
69.In civilized life, law floats in a sea of ethics.
在文明社会，法律依靠道德所支撑。
70.It can hardly be taken to be a guarantee that every law shall treat every person the same. 不能保证每一部法律都能平等地对待每一个人。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,w can never be enforced unless fear supports it.
没有威慑力的法律绝对不会具有效力。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,w does not compel a man to do what he is impossible to perform.
法律不能强迫人去做不可为之事。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,w governs man , reason the law.
法律管制人，理性管法律。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,w is a pervasive feature of social life that profoundly affects us.
法在社会生活中无处不在，深刻地影响着我们。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,w is a exercise in communication between authority and the public.
法律是当权者与大众之间进行交流的一种运作方式。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,w is an ordinance of reason for the common good.
法律是维护公众利益的理性条令。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,w is an utterance determined by the common consent of the commonwealth.
法律是全体公民一致同意所决定意见之表达。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,w is both an instrument of change and a result of changes.
法律既是变革的工具又是诸多变革的结果。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,w is established for the benefit of man. 法是为人类利益而制定的。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,w is law, just or not.
无论正义与否,法律就是法律。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,w is mind without reason.
法律是无由的理念。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,w is order, and good law is good order. 法律即秩序，好的法律形成良好的秩序。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,w is the crystalization of the habit and thought of society.
法律是社会习俗和思想的结晶。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,w is the science of what is good and just. 法乃善良公平之道。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,w must be stable and it cannot stand still. 法律必须保持稳定但却不能一成不变。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,w that is deficient is better than law that is uncertain.
有瑕疵的法律胜于不确定的法律。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,ws are made to prevent the stronger from having the power to do everything.
法律旨在防止强者滥用权力为所欲为。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,ws too gentle are seldom obeyed; too severe, seldom executed.
法律过于温和难于遵守;过于严酷则难于执行。
89.No crime without law making it so; no penalty without law making it so.
法无明文规定者不为罪,法无明文规定者不处罚。
90.No one is above the law.
任何人不能凌驾于法律之上。
91.One with the law is a majority.
谁拥有法律，谁就是大多数。
92.Scarcely any law can be made which is beneficial to all; but if it benefits the majority it is useful.
法律难顾及全民,与大众有利已足。
93.Substantial law defines rights, and procedural law establishes the procedures by which rights are protected and enforced.
实体法界定权利，程序法则制定保护和实施权利的秩序。
94.The definition of law depends on how we look at its purposes or functions.
法律的定义取决于我们如何看它的目的或功能。
95.The law is the witness and external deposit of our moral life.
法乃吾人道德生活之见证人和外壳。
96.The law never suffers anything contrary to truth.
法律绝不容忍违反真理的事情。
97.The law often allows what honor forbids.
法律允许的而道德上常常禁止。
98.The law on libel is considered too lenient. 反诽谤法被认为太宽大了。
99.The law protects citizens who are wrongfully deprived of their liberty by another.
法律保护市民不被他人非法剥夺自由。
100.The law was made for man and not man for the law.
法是为人而制定的，人不是为法而生就的。
101.The law wil catch up with him in the end. 最终法律饶不了他。
102.The legal source of the privilege waries from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
特权的法律渊源因管辖区的不同而异。
103.The more laws, the more offences.
法律越多，违法者越多。
104.The new regulations will come into force on January 1st.
新规定将于1月1日生效。
105.The powers and duties are conferred on the tribunal by the statutory code.
成文法典赋予法庭权力与责任。
106.The reason of the law ceasing, the law itself ceases.
法律理由消失，法律本身也不存在。
107.The safety of the people is the supreme law. 人民的安全是最高的法律。
108.The strictest law sometimes becomes the severest injustice.
最严厉的法律有时会造成最大的不公。
109.This document is legally binding.
该法律文件具有法律约束力。
110.The law is in abeyance.
此法暂缓执行。
111.This law has become a dead letter.
此法已成为一纸空文。
112.This law will go into effect on the day of its promulgation.
本法自公布之日起施行。
113.Where law ends, tyranny begins.
法律的终点便是暴政的起点。
114.Where there are uncertainties, there are no laws.
法律必须具有确定性。
法律英语词汇大全完美版
法律英语词汇大全完美 版 文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]
法律渊源s o u r c e o f l a w 制定法 statute 判例法 case law; precedent 普通法 common law 特别法 special law 固有法 native law; indigenous law 继受法 adopted law 实体法 substantial law 程序法 procedural law 原则法 fundamental law 例外法 exception law 司法解释 judicial interpretation 习惯法 customary law 公序良俗 public order and moral 自然法 natural law 罗马法 Roman Law 私法 private law 公法 public law 市民法 jus civile 万民法 jus gentium 民法法系 civil law system 英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system 普通法 common law 大陆法 continental law 罗马法系 Roman law system 衡平法 equity; law of equity 日尔曼法 Germantic law 教会法 ecclesiastical law 寺院法 canon law 伊斯兰法 Islamic law 民法法律规范 norm of civil law 授权规范 authorization norm 禁止规范 forbidding norm 义务性规范 obligatory norm 命令性规范 commanding norm 民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality 自愿原则 principle of free will 公平原则 principle of justice 等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则 principle of good faith 行为 act 作为 ac 不作为 omission 合法行为 lawful act 违法行为 unlawful act 民事权利权利能力 civil right 绝对权 absolute right 相对权 relative right 优先权 right of priority 先买权 preemption 原权 antecedent right 救济权 right of relief 支配权 right of dominion 请求权 right of claim 物上请求权 right of claim for real thing 形成权 right of formation 撤销权 right of claiming cancellation
法律英语词汇大全
一、律师部分 案件受理费court acceptance fee 案情重大、复杂important and complicated case 案由cause of action 案子case 包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits 被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件) 被上诉人appellee ?p??li: 被诉人respondent; defendant 本案律师councel pro hac vice 本地律师local counsel 毕业证diploma; graduation certificate 辩护词defense; pleadings 辩护律师defense lawyer 辩护要点point of defense 辩护意见submission 财产租赁property tenancy 裁定书order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定） 裁决书award（用于仲裁） 裁决书verdict（用于陪审团） 采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence 草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests 查阅法条source legal provisions 产权转让conveyancing 出差go on errand; go on a business trip 出国深造further study abroad 出具律师意见书providing legal opinion 出示的证据exhibit 出庭appear in court 传票summons; subpoena 答辩状answer; reply 代理词representation 代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate 代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations 代理仲裁agency for arbitration 代写文书drafting of legal instruments 待决案件pending case 当事人陈述statement of the parties 第三人third party 吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license 调查笔录investigative record 调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence 调解mediation 调解书mediation 二审案件case of trial of second instance 发送电子邮件send e-mail 法律顾问legal consultants 法律意见书legal opinions 法律援助legal aid 法律咨询legal counseling 法庭division; tribunal 法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws) 法学会law society 法学课程legal courses 法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws) 法学系faculty of law; department of law 法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws) J.D ( juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士) 法学院law school 法院公告court announcement 反诉状counterclaim 房地产律师real estate lawyer; real property lawyer 非合伙律师associate lawyer 非诉讼业务non-litigation practice 高级合伙人senior partner 高级律师senior lawyer 各类协议和合同agreements and contracts 公安局Public Security Bureau 公司上市company listing 公诉案件public-prosecuting case 公证书notarial certificate 国办律师事务所state-run law office 国际贸易international trade 国际诉讼international litigation 国内诉讼domestic litigation 合伙律师partner lawyer 合伙制律师事务所law office in partner-ship; cooperating law office 合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision 会见当事人interview a client 会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect 兼职律师part-time lawyer 监狱prison; jail 鉴定结论expert conclusion 缴纳会费membership dues 举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi 决定书decision
法律英语学习方法
法律英语学习的层次与材料简介来源：胡敏的日志 接触法律方面的英语已数年，从漫无目的信手乱翻，到上法律英语课，再到上英语的法律课程，到现在的用英语进行法律方面的工作，走了很多弯路，也积攒了点滴经验体会。看版面上相关的讨论，觉得还可以更体系化，总结几点，和各位切磋。 学习法律英语，不能仅以会读、会写几个词汇就觉得万事大吉，要清楚自己的目标、学习的层次，循序渐进，渐次登堂入室。根据不同的层次，大致可分一下几个类型： 1. 入门搭框型：了解法律英语的基本词汇、语用同时西方法律、司法基本体系构架，即Mr.何家弘的“一石二鸟”。 可以学习下何家弘的《法律英语》（法律出版社，2003 第二版，好像已有配套翻译）。这种书要精读。试着自己动手翻译一遍，事半功倍。基础好同学可以接着读一点，英国人或美国人专门给外国人学法律英语的书，如《English Law and Language》(Cassell 出版)。 2. 专业型拓展型：拓展下自己的专业或者自己喜欢的领域。建议通读一本相关领域的简明教材，例如blackstone,nutshell系列的都不错的。另外，以熟悉的领域为核心，是提高英语的水平的有效捷径。 3. 比较参考型：即研究某个课题外国是否有相同的法律规定、案例规则等。学会泛读，把握主旨。以精读课的方式来读，反而会让自己陷入生词、查词旋涡。类似方面的，可以读一些案例。例如：https://https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,数据库大学校园网通常能已经由学校付费，学生可以免费使用。 （附：《https://www.360docs.net/doc/629451020.html,数据库》是面向法律专业人员设计的，拥有11400多个数据资料库以及31500多项资料来源，特别是在法律事务方面，是收录最全的法律资源库之一。包含了LexisNexis中全部法律内容，也包含了商业、金融、政治、时事等方面的内容，主要是全球范围内（如英国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新加坡、马来西亚、中国内地、香港等）法律案例、法律法规条文、国家法、国际条约和协议、知识产权等，使用的对象为律师、大学法学院、法律咨询公司、司法官员等。） 4. 日常应用型：即与法律有关的日常业务中，处理涉外信函。注意学习一些商务信函的知识和相关领域的常用词汇、句型、格式。推荐《国际商务写作教程》（王素清，对外经贸大学出版社）。日常应用的专业词汇、句型跟法律英语教材、案例书籍、法条等的具有很大差别，这是新手一定要注意的。多阅读些此前的卷宗，虚心学习，不怕修改，三几个月就能顺手了。 5. 专业应用型：即出具外语法律文书、法律建议，如合同等。最保险的还是找一些类似的格式文书照搬过来，格式文书在网上能够搜索的到，或者参考此前业务成文。 6. 翻译通才型：即从事涉及法律内容的材料翻译。多读、多练、功夫在诗外。中英文方面的法律书都通读些，一些基本的简明教程即可。另外，还应当以法律为中心，多关注关联的知识
专业英语感受-中英文对照知识分享
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A Ab initio 从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。Accord accord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。 Accused 被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。 acquire acquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。 Acquittal 罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。Acquittal 是名词。 Act act在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。 Action act在普通英语中的含义是行动，在法律英语中则理解为诉讼，相当于suit或lawsuit，如initiate an action 提起诉讼，win an action在诉讼中获胜，defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。 Adjourn 休庭，押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟，称为“adjourned for 30 minutes”。如要将聆讯押后再排期重审，称为“adjourned to a date to be fixed”。 Admission admission是admit的名词，在普通英语中的含义是承认或接纳。在法律英语中，则通常是法律程序中的一个用语，意思是采纳，采信（证据），如The defendant challenged the admission of the evidence by the court on the ground that the evidence was irrelevant.被告以证据没有相关性为由反对法院对其予以采信。 Adopt adopt的最常见含义是采用，通过，如adopt a law通过一项法律，adopt a proposal采纳一个建议等，这种用法在法律英语中也较为常见。另外，adopt在法律英语中可能会用到一个含义是收养，如adopt an orphan according to law根据法律规定收养孤儿。 Affect affect是普通英语中最常见最普通的单词之一，意思是影响，通常用在口语和非正式的场合中。但在法律英语，affect（本义没有改变，仍然是影响），确实非常正式的用法，通常不能用influence等单词替换。如The failure of either party at any time or times to require performance of any provision hereof shall in no manner affect its right at a later time to enforce the same．任何一方在任何时候未要求另一方履行本协议任一条款，并在不影响其以后强制执行该条款的权利。
Unit 7 Contract Law法律英语阅读教程
Unit 7 Contract Law Contracts are promises that the law will enforce. The law provides remedies if a promise is breached or recognizes the performance of a promise as a duty. Contracts arise when a duty does or may come into existence, because of a promise made by one of the parties. To be legally binding as a contract , a promise must be exchanged for adequate consideration. Adequate consideration is a benefit or detriment which a party receives which reasonably and fairly induces them to make the promise \ contract. For example , promises that are purely gifts are not considered enforceable because the personal satisfaction the grantor of the promise may receive from the act of giving is normally not considered adequate consideration . Certain promises that are not considered contracts may ,in limited circumstances, be enforced if one party has relied to his detriment on the assurances of the other party. Contracts are mainly governed by state statutory and common ( judge --made) law and private law. Private law principally includes the terms of the agreement between the parties who are exchanging promises . This private law may override many of the rules otherwise established by state law. Statutory law may require some contracts be put in writing and executed with particular
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法律渊源source of law 制定法statute 判例法case law; precedent 普通法common law 特别法special law 固有法native law; indigenous law 继受法adopted law 实体法substantial law 程序法procedural law 原则法fundamental law 例外法exception law 司法解释judicial interpretation 习惯法customary law 公序良俗public order and moral 自然法natural law 罗马法Roman Law 私法private law 公法public law 市民法jus civile 万民法jus gentium 民法法系civil law system 英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system 普通法common law 大陆法continental law 罗马法系Roman law system 衡平法equity; law of equity 日尔曼法Germantic law 教会法ecclesiastical law 寺院法canon law 伊斯兰法Islamic law 民法法律规范norm of civil law 授权规范authorization norm 禁止规范forbidding norm 义务性规范obligatory norm 命令性规范commanding norm 民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality 自愿原则principle of free will 公平原则principle of justice 等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则principle of good faith 行为act 作为ac 不作为omission 合法行为lawful act 违法行为unlawful act 民事权利权利能力civil right 绝对权absolute right 相对权relative right 优先权right of priority 先买权preemption 原权antecedent right 救济权right of relief 支配权right of dominion 请求权right of claim 物上请求权right of claim for real thing 形成权right of formation 撤销权right of claiming cancellation
法律英语常用词汇
法律英语实用单词讲解 accord释义：accord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。 acquire释义：acquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger 的缩写。如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。 act释义：act在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear 相对应。如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from action释义：act在普通英语中的含义是行动，在法律英语中则理解为诉讼，相当于suit或lawsuit，如initiate an action提起诉讼，win an action在诉讼中获胜，defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。 adopt释义：adopt的最常见含义是采用，通过，如adopt a law通过一项法律，adopt a proposal 采纳一个建议等，这种用法在法律英语中也较为常见。另外，adopt在法律英语中可能会用到一个含义是收养，如adopt an orphan according to law根据法律规定收养孤儿。 admission释义：admission是admit的名词，在普通英语中的含义是承认或接纳。在法律英语中，则通常是法律程序中的一个用语，意思是采纳，采信（证据），如The defendant challenged the admission of the evidence by the court on the ground that the evidence was irrelevant.被告以证据没有相关性为由反对法院对其予以采信。 affect释义：affect是普通英语中最常见最普通的单词之一，意思是影响，通常用在口语和非正式的场合中。但在法律英语，affect（本义没有改变，仍然是影响），确实非常正式的用法，通常不能用influence 等单词替换。如The failure of either party at any time or times to require performance of any provision hereof shall in no manner affect its right at a later time to enforce the same．任何一方在任何时候未要求另一方履行本协议任一条款，并在不影响其以后强制执行该条款的权利。 affiliate释义：affiliate是法律英语的常见单词之一，意思是关联方，关联公司，也可以associate或connected person表示。如“Affiliate” means any person or company that directly or indirectly controls a Party or is directly or indirectly controlled by a Party，including a Party's parent or subsidiary, or is under direct or indirect common control with such Party.“关联公司”指直接或间接控制一方(包括其母公司或子公司)或受一方直接或间接控制，或与该方共同受直接或间接控制的任何人或公司。 agent释义：agent也是法律英语中常见单词之一，意思是代理人，代理商，通常指商业代理，如果指非商业性质的代理，如替别人出席会议等，则可用proxy。 例句：Nothing in this Agreement or in the performance of any of its provisions is intended or shall be construed to constitute either party an agent, 1egal representative, subsidiary，joint venturer，partner，employer，or employee of the other for any purpose whatsoever． 参考译文：本协议的任何内容或本协议任何条款的履行，无意表示、亦不应被理解为任何一方为任何目的可以充当另一方的代理人、法定代表、子公司、合营方、合作伙伴、雇主或雇员。