朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【课后习题】(澳大利亚的今天)

第19章澳大利亚的今天

Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):

1. Australia today is a wealthy, big power nation with a small population, occupying

a large continent. _____

【答案】F

【解析】今天的澳大利亚是一个富裕的、中等实力的国家，人口不多，占据了一个面积很大的大陆。

2. Globalisation has been defined as comprising four flows: of capital, of technology, of people, of culture. _____

【答案】T

【解析】全球化已被定义为资本、技术、人员和文化之间的流动。

3. The Statute of Westminster, passed by the Curtin Government in 1942, provided that in future the British Government could only legislate for Australia at Austral ia’s specific request. _____

【答案】T

【解析】英国政府在1942年通过法令，规定未来英国政府只能根据澳大利亚的具体要求为澳大利亚立法。

4. Today, Australia is a member of the APEC, G20, OECD and WTO organisations. _____

【答案】T

【解析】澳大利亚是亚太经合组织、20国集团、经合组织和世贸组织的成员。

5. The strength of the new trading relationship with China is viewed with negative feelings and views within Australia. _____

【答案】F

【解析】澳大利亚对于与中国的新贸易关系感情复杂：一方面与中国的贸易给澳大利亚带来了许多好处；但也有一些不安，在摆脱了英国和美国的统治之后，澳大利亚也必须谨慎行事，不能与中国发展过于紧密的关系。

6. Uluru is the magnificent megalith set in the vast and beautiful desert centre of Australia, one of the most symbols of Australia. _____

【答案】T

【解析】乌鲁鲁（艾尔斯岩）是乌鲁鲁-卡塔丘塔国家公园里的一大著名景点，是澳大利亚最具象征意义的沙漠中心之一。

7. A number of Aboriginal clans still live within the Kakadu National Park. _____ 【答案】T

【解析】如今在澳大利亚，许多土著部落仍然生活在卡卡杜国家公园内。

8. Information about other countries, especially about non-English speaking countries, tends to be covered only if it includes negative images, for example, of massive disasters: wars, earthquakes, etc. _____

【答案】T

【解析】在澳大利亚，有关其他国家尤其是非英语国家的消息，往往是包含负面新闻才会被报道，例如，战争、大屠杀、海啸或地震等。

9. It is the clear felling form of land clearing, when the logging procedure fells every tree that has the most devastating effect on both the production of carbon emissions and on species loss. _____

【答案】T

【解析】土地清理的清伐形式对碳排放量以及物种消失都最具破坏性的影响。

10. Species loss are clearly not associated with the clear felling of forests. _____ 【答案】F

【解析】物种消失与土地清理的清伐形式有直接联系。

Ⅱ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question:

1. How many British colonies were there in Australia until 1900?

A. 4

B. 5

C. 6

D. 7

【答案】C

【解析】英国在澳大利亚有6个殖民地包括新南维尔士、维多利亚、昆士兰、南澳、塔斯马尼亚和西澳六个殖民地。1901年，这六个殖民地联合成为一个统一的国家，即澳大利亚联邦。在联邦建立后很长时间里，澳大利亚依然依附于英国。

2. What unpopular policy became one of the major factors leading to a negative reaction to Australia’s relatio nship with the USA?

A. withdrawal of troops from Vietnam

B. anti-communism

C. “crusade against communism”

D. conscription-by-ballot

【答案】D

【解析】在20世纪50至70年代，人们极力反对的conscription-by-ballot（义务兵役制，即由抽签决定服兵役的制度）成为导致人们对澳美关系负面反应的主要因素之一。

3. The first informal dialogue among APEC 12 members was held in 1989 in _____.

A. Sydney

B. Canberra

C. Queensland

D. Indonesia

【答案】B

【解析】1989年，亚太经济合作组织12个成员国在堪培拉举行了首届部长级会议。

4. Which country has become Australia’s largest trading partner?

A. Japan.

B. Britain.

C. The US.

D. China.

【答案】D

【解析】1972年，日本是澳大利亚最大的贸易伙伴。然后，在2007年，中国取代日本成为澳大利亚最大的贸易伙伴。

5. Australia is a major exporter of coal, iron, bauxite, copper, tin, silver, uranium, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, opals, diamonds, grain, meat and food products, EXCEPT _____.

A. natural gas

B. oil

C. gold

D. wool

【答案】B

【解析】澳大利亚是天然气、煤、铁、铝矾土、铜、锡、金、银、铀、钨、矿砂、铅、锌、猫眼石、钻石、谷物、羊毛、肉类和食品的主要出口国，石油则需要进口。

6. Which of the following is NOT a major newspaper in Australia?

A. The Australian.

B. The Ague.

C. The Sydney Morning Herald.

D. The Independence Daily.

【答案】D

【解析】《自立快报》（The Independence Daily）是在澳大利亚的华人报纸，并不属于澳大利亚的大报。

7. Australia’s relatively high per capita emissions can be attributed to the following factors, EXCEPT _____.

A. permanent-residency factories

B. agricultural emissions from sheep and cattle

C. land clearing

D. usage of coal in electricity generation

【答案】A

【解析】澳大利亚相对较高的人均排放量可以归因于诸如煤发电的高使用率、大量的绵羊和牛的农业排放以及土地清理等因素。

8. Which of the following is an “emblematic species” for Australia?

A. The spider.

B. The koala.