初中英语动词知识点

初中英语动词知识点
初中英语动词知识点

初中英语动词知识点:动态动词与静态动词

根据词义特点,动词可分为动态动词和静态动词。动态动词主要指动作动词,而静态动词则主要指表示情感、内心活动、感觉、相互关系等的动词:

He wrote some letters. 他写了一些信。(write 为动态动词)

The girls are dancing. 女孩子们在跳舞。(dance 为动态动词)

I think he is honest. 我认为他是诚实的。(think 和is均为静态动词)

Everyone likes her. 人人都喜欢她。(like 为静态动词)

有的动词既可用作静态动词也可用作动态动词,只是含义不同:

He has a lot of friends. 他有许多朋友。(have为静态动词)

He is having supper. 他在吃晚饭。(have为动态动词)

实义动词与非实义动词

根据其含义和句子功用,动词可分为实义动词和非实义动词(包括时态助动词和情态助

动词等)。如:

He bought a story book. 他买了一本故事书。(buy 为实义动词)

He has read the story book. 他已读过这本故事书。(has 为时态助动词,read 为实意动词)

He should read the story book. 他应该读读这本故事书。(should 为情态助动词,red为实义动词)

初中英语动词知识点:及物动词与不及物动词

根据其后是否带宾语,动词可分为及物动词(带宾语)和不及物动词(不带宾语)。如:

When will he arrive? 他什么时候到?(arrive 不带宾语,为不及物动词)

He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。(reach 带了宾语,为及物动词)

有的动词既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词:

The child is playing. 这小孩在玩。(不及物用法)

The child is playing the piano. 这小孩在弹钢琴。(及物用法)

He is writing. 他在写字。(不及物用法)

He is writing a letter. 他在写信。(及物用法)

The boy is reading. 这男孩在阅读。(不及物用法)

The boy is reading a magazine. 这男孩在看杂志。(及物用法)

初中英语动词知识点:谓语动词与非谓语动词

根据其是否能用作谓语,动词可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词在句中可用作谓语,而非谓语动词则不用作谓语(但可用作主语、宾语、补语、状语、定语等)。非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词、分词三种:

●He lives in Shanghai. 他住在上海。(live 为谓语动词)

●I want to go home. 我想回家。(want 为谓语动词,to go 为非谓语动词)

●He enjoyed watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。(enjoy为谓语动词,watching为非谓

语动词)

He had his hair cut. 他理发了。(had 为谓语动词,cut 为非谓语动词)

初中英语知识点:动词的分类及基本形式

英语动词的分类及基本形式

动词的分类

表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类,有些动词是兼类词。如:

We have lunch at 12. 我们12点吃午饭。(have是行为动词)

We have been to New York. 我们去过纽约。(have是助动词)

W I am hungry. 我饿了。(am是连系动词)

She was beaten on the way home. 她在回家的路上被人打了。(was是助动词)

You needn’t have waited for me. 你本来不必等我。(need是情态动词)

The door needs painting. 这个门需要油漆了。(needs及物动词)

动词的基本形式

绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式:动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。

A. 第三人称单数形式的构成

一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词后要加s或es,其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同:

1. 一般情况下只在动词后加s,如work—works, write—writes。

2. 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词,后加es,如guess—guesses, mix—mix, finish—finishes, catch—catches。

3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,改y为ies,如study—studies。

注:不规则变化的有have—has, be—is, go—goes, do—does等。

B. 现在分词的构成

1. 一般情况下在动词后加ing,如study—studying, work—working。

2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加ing,如write—writing, move —moving。

3. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词,要双写末尾一个辅音字母,再加ing,如get—getting, begin—beginning。

4. 以ie结尾的名词,一般将ie改为y,再加ing,如lie—lying, die—dying, tie —tying。

注:(A) 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlling;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveling(美) /travelling(英) 。(B) 特例:picnic—picnicking。

C. 过去式和过去分词的构成

1. 一般情况直接加ed,如ask—asked, work—worked。

2. 以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love—loved, dance—danced。

3. 以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变为ied,如try—tried, study—studied。

4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词,先双末尾一个字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit—permitted。

注:(A) 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveled(美) /traveled(英) 。(B) 特例:picnic —picnicked。另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记。

英语连系动词的分类

(1) 状态系动词:只有be一词。如:

She is always like that. 她总是那样。

I am used to going about alone. 我习惯于独来独往。

These shoes are too tight for me. 这双鞋我穿太小。

(2) 持续系动词:表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand。如:

I hope you’ll keep fit. 我希望你身体好。

He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

The door remained closed. 门仍然关着。

We can remain friends. 我们可以继续做朋友。

Please stay seated. 请继续坐着。

He stayed single. 他仍然是单身。

(3) 表像系动词:表示“看起来好像”,主要有seem, appear, look等。如:

He looks tired. 他看起来很累。

He seems (to be) quite happy. 他好像很快活。

The doctor seemed very capable. 那医生似乎很能干。

(完整版)中考英语常用动词短语(超全)

look短语look for寻找;look after照顾;look over查看;look forward to渴望,向往,to为介词,后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语;look at看着;look up抬头看,在…查找;look up to尊敬;look down upon瞧不起;look like看起来像;look as if/though看起来好像;look through透过……看,翻阅,浏览;look into调查;look out当心;look out of往…外看look about [around]环顾四周look back 回顾,回想look on旁观, 看作,当作(与as 连用) put短语put off推迟,put on穿上;上演;put away把…暂时收起来,储存……备用;put up举起,建造,张贴;put out扑灭;put down写下;放下;put aside把…搁在一边;put back放回put…into把…放入put one’s heart into全神贯注 turn短语turn down把音量开小一点;拒绝;turn up把音量开大一点;出现;turn round/around回头;turn over 翻开;翻转;turn to朝向;变成;求助于;turn…into…把…变成…;turn into变成;turn out结果证明是;turn away 把脸转过去turn to sb转向某人turn out结果是turn on 打开(电灯等) turn off 关(电灯等) turn over (使)翻过来turn against背叛turn back折回,往回走turn around旋转,转过身来 call短语call at拜访,后接地点;call on拜访,后接被拜访的对象;号召;call back回电话;call in 叫来;call up打电话,使回忆起;call for叫某人同往某处,要求;call off取消 be短语be friendly/kind to对…友好;be fed up with对…厌烦;be different from与…不同;be afraid of害怕;be popular with受…欢迎;be fond of喜欢,爱好;be interested in对…感兴趣;be surprised at对…惊讶;be satisfied/content/pleased with对…满意;be proud of对…感到自豪;be strict with对某人严格;be strict in 对某事严格;be good to对…有好处;be good at擅长于…;be sure of/about对…有把握;be divided into被分成;be made up of由…构成;be angry with对某人生气;be busy with忙于;be full of/filled with装满了;be late for…迟到;be covered with覆盖着;be familiar with对…熟悉;be familiar to对某人来说是熟悉的;be famous/known for因…著名;be famous/known as作为…有名 get短语get on/along (well) with与某人相处(融洽),在…进展(顺利);get up起床;get on上车(船、飞机、马);get off下车(船、飞机、马);get back回去;get back to回到;get away离开,逃脱;get down 下来;get home到家;get into进入,陷入;get out (of) (从…)出去;get to到达get together聚会;get in收割get through通过,度过,完成get hold of获得,取得get over越过,恢复,克服get ready for为…作准备get up起床get used to习惯于

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