English stories(缩短版)

English stories(缩短版)
English stories(缩短版)

1儿童英语小故事--小马过河(How a Colt Crossed the River)

One day, a colt took a bag of wheat to the mill.

As he was running with the bag on his back, he came to a small river. The colt could not decide whether he could cross it. Looking around, he saw a cow grazing nearby. He asked, "Aunt Cow, could you tell me if I can cross the river?" The cow told him that he could and that the river was not very deep, just knee high.the colt was crossing the river when a squirrel jumped down a tree and stopped him. The squirrel shouted, "Colt, stop! You'll drown! One of my friends drowned just yesterday in the river." Not knowing what to do, the colt went home to consult his mom.He told his mom his experience on the way. His mother said, "My child, don't always listen to others. You'd better go and try yourself. Then you'll know what to do."Later, at the river, the squirrel stopped the colt again. "Little horse, it's too dangerous!""No, I want to try myself", answered the colt. Then he crossed the river carefully.On the other side of the river, the colt realized that the river was neither as shallow as the cow said nor as deep as the squirrel told him.You see, real knowledge comes from practice.

小马过河儿童英语故事中文译文

一天,小马驮着麦子去磨坊。

当他驮着口袋向前跑去时,突然发现一条小河挡住了去路。小马为难了,这可怎么办呢?它向四周望了望,看见一头奶牛在河边吃草。小马问道:“牛阿姨,请您告诉我,这条河我能趟过去吗?”奶牛回答说:“水很浅,刚到膝盖。”小马正准备过河,突然丛树上跳下一只松鼠,拦住它大叫道:“小马,别过河!你会被淹死的。昨天,我的一个伙伴就在这条河里淹死啦!”小马不知如何是好,于是决定回家问问妈妈。

小马把路上的经历告诉了妈妈。妈妈说:“孩子,光听别人说是不行的,你自己亲自去试一试,就知道答案了。”

小马回到河边,刚要下水,松鼠又大叫起来:“小马,你不要命啦?”小马说:“让我自己试试吧。”它一面回答一面下了河,小心地趟了过去。原来河水既不像老牛说的那样浅也不像松鼠说的那样深

②One hot summer day a fox was walking through an orchard. He stopped before a bunch of grapes. They were ripe and juicy."I'm just feeling thirsty," he thought. So he backed up a few paces, got a running start, jumped up, but could not reach the grapes.He walked back. One, two, three, he jumped up again, but still, he missed the grapes.The fox tried again and again, but never succeeded. At last he decided to g ive it up.He walked away with his nose in the air, and said“I am sure they are sour.”狐狸和葡萄●一个炎热的夏日,狐狸走过一个果园,他停在一大串熟透而多汁的葡萄前。●狐狸想:“我正口渴呢。”于是他后退了几步,向前一冲,跳起来,却无法够到葡萄。●狐狸后退又试。一次,两次,三次,但是都没有得到葡萄。●狐狸试了一次又一次,都没有成功。最后决定放弃,他昂起头,边走边说:“葡萄还没有成熟,我敢肯定它是酸的。”

③The Rabbit and the tortoise(龟兔赛跑)

The rabbit was once boasting of his speed before the other animals. "I have never been beaten," he said, "when I run at full speed, no one is faster than me."The tortoise said quietly, "I will race with you." "That is a good joke," said the rabbit. "I could dance around you the whole way."The race started. The rabbit darted almost out of sight at once. He soon stopped and lay down to have a nap.The tortoise plodded on and on. When the rabbit awoke from his nap, he saw the tortoise was near the finish line, and that he had lost the race.

龟兔赛跑

●兔子向动物们夸耀他的速度,“我从来没有失败过,”他说,“当我奔跑时,没有人比我更快。”

●乌龟平静地说:“我要与你比赛。”“真是笑话,我可以边玩边和你赛跑。”兔子说。

●比赛开始了,一眨眼工夫,兔子已经跑得不见了踪影,但是他觉得自己跑得快,对比赛掉以轻心,躺在路边睡着了。

●乌龟慢腾腾地却持续不停地走,当兔子一觉醒来,他看到乌龟已经快到终点线了。兔子输了比赛。

Hello everybody. My name is ____ I am a student of Grade ___(年级). I am an outgoing lovely girl and I am so welcomed by my friends and my classmates.

I have a best friend _____. She is very interesting and lovely too. She often tells funny stories and always make me laugh. We often play together. I like ___(电影种类)movies. I think they are _____(形容词)and interesting. I often go to the movies with my friends on weekends. I can also (特长)___ and have won many prizes in the competitions. I take (特长课)___ twice a week. It is a little hard for me but I am very happy because I have a dream. I want to be a great (职业)___ one day. Thank you very much!

④The Farmer and the Snake

The snake was dying from cold.“What a poor thing. I’ll save your life”. Said the farmer. He picked up the snake and put it under his coat.Soon the snake came to life. “Thank you. But I’m very hungry. I’ll eat you!” said the snake.“No, you can’t do that!” The farmer was very angry.But it was too late. The snake opened its mouth and bit the farmer. The farmer died soon..

⑤THE LION AND THE DONKEY

Once upon a time, an old lion lived in the forest. It was so old that it could not hunt his food. One day, while it was laying under a tree, he saw a donkey coming towards him. Then, he had an idea. He told the donkey:- My dear donkey. Your voice is the loudest I have ever heard. Could you please help me?

- What can I do for you my lord? asked the donkey.

- I would like you to bray loudly when you see an animal so that they will come to me and I will eat them.

- All right! said the donkey. From that day on, he started braying whenever he saw an animal.

The animals approached the lion and he ate them. The donkey was very proud because he could help the lion!

One day however, a leopard who was passing by, approached the donkey and ate him.the donkey had the same end with all the other animals of the forest.

⑥THE DOG AND THE WOLF

Once upon a time, a wolf lived in a forest. He was free but he could hardly find any food.One day, he went to the meadow to find a small animal to eat when he saw a dog running in the yard of a house. The dog told him that his boss gave him a lot of food. The wolf asked the dog if he could also have some food and the dog replied that his boss would be very happy to have two guards. After a while, the wolf noticed that there was a chain around the dog’s neck. The dog told him that most of the time his boss kept him tied.After that, the wolf left because he preferred to be free and hungry than having food and being tied to a chain.

⑦THE COWARD HARE

One evening, while the lion, the king of the forest, was walking on a path, he was hit by a bull’s horns by accident.The lion got so angry that the next morning ordered all animals that had horns to leave the forest. A coward hare heard the news and while he was drinking water in the river he saw

his big ears’ reflection in the waters of the river and thought that they were horns. He got so scared that he decided to leave the forest. When a mouse saw the hare leaving, he tried to persuade him not to do it.However, the coward hare started running and left far away from the quiet forest. In his new home, there were a lot of foxes and one evening, one of them ate him.It all happened because the hare was too coward.

⑧THE BIRD AND THE WORM

Once upon as time, a small bird went hunting in the forest. Suddenly, it saw a small worm that was eating some leaves. The bird approached the worm to eat it and the worm begged the bird not to do it. It asked the bird to let it live and enjoy the sun and the air but in vain. The bird ate the worm.Some days later, the bird was caught in a hunter’s net. The bird begged the hunter not to eat it but he said that although it was very small, it was very tasty.So, the bird had the same fate with the worm! the bird ate the worm and the hunter ate the bird!

⑨THE TURTLE AND THE FROG

Once upon a time, there was a young turtle. One day she told her mother:

- Mum, we, the turtles, are very unfortunate animals.

- Why do you say that my daughter? her mother asked her.

- Because we always carry our heavy shell, craw l on the ground and can’t run or jump.

Then the young turtle complained that she had never jumped like her friend the frog.

- Don’t worry my daughter, her mother said. One day, you will remember my words.

One afternoon, the turtle went to play with her friend, the frog. As soon as the frog saw her, he started jumping joyfully. Suddenly, a loud noise was heard. It was a horse galloping towards them. The horse’s foot stepped on the turtle. However, her shell was not crashed because it was hard. The horse’s ot her foot stepped on the frog and killed him.The turtle was scared, ran to her mother and told her what had happened.

Then, her mother told her:

- My dear daughter, do you remember my words? You should never complain again about being born a turtle.

⑩THE FOX AND THE SKYLARK

Once upon a time, there was a cunning fox that was very hungry. One day, she saw a skylark in the bushes and she wanted to eat him. When the skylark saw the fox, he flew very high.The fox tried to cheat the bird to come closer to her by telling him that she had heard a sparrow singing better than him. Then, she asked him to get down from the tree to talk to him. The skylark told the fox that she could climb up the tree if she wanted to talk to him.As the fox could not do it, she had to go away hungry and humiliated by the skylark who was flying above her singing happily.

⑽THE POOR MAN’S DONKEY

Once upon a time, a horse was pulling a rich man’s cart full of gold. A donkey was riding next to him carrying a cart full of wood.Then, the horse told the donkey that he thought he was very unhappy living in the poor man’s house. The donkey answered that he was very happy because he worked hard and could have as much straw as he wished. However, the horse insisted that the donkey was not happy.Some time later, some robbers came, hit the horse and took all the gold. The horse was very sad and the donkey could not stop laughing at him.So, the horse stood desperate in the middle of the street while the donkey rode happily back home.

⑾THE WOLF AND THE GOA T

Once upon a time, a goat got away from her flock and hid in some bushes. Suddenly, a wolf came

out of the bushes. The goat got scared. She thought the wolf would eat her. However, the wolf asked the goat for help.He told her that some villagers were chasing him and if she helped him, he would give her a big present. The goat told the villagers that the wolf was on the slope opposite and they went away.Then, the goat asked the wolf for her present. The wolf told her: ?Don’t be silly! I have given you the most valuable present. Your life!?.The wolf thanked the goat for her help

THE TURTLE THAT W ANTED TO FL Y

Once upon a time, a turtle lived in the yard of a house in a village. Her dream was to fly high. She was jealous of the ducks that could fly and see the world from high above.One day, the ducks heard her talking about her wish and told her that she could fly with them if she wished. The ducks held a long stick with their mouths and the turtle got it from the middle.They all flew very high. At last, the turtle could fly! She was so happy that she forgot she could not fly by herself. She left the stick, fell on the ground and got killed.The story teaches us that we must be happy with what we are and never be jealous of other people.

⒀THE WOLF’S MISFORTUNE

Once upon a time, the lion, the king of the animals, got sick and asked all animals to bring him some medicine to get well. Then, the wolf told the lion that only the fox knew which was the right medicine for his sickness but she did not run to help him.The lion got angry and ordered the other animals to arrest the fox and cut her tongue. The wolf was very happy because he hated the fox. A little bird heard the lion talking to the animals and told everything about it to the fox. The fox collected some herbs and took them to the lion. She apologised for being late as she was busy collecting the herbs. Then, she told the lion that he should boil the herbs and a wolf’s tongue and drink the medicine.The lion ordered the animals to cut the wolf’s tongue and boil it with the herbs. In this way, the cunning fox punished the wolf.

⒁THE CUNNING DONKEY

Once upon a time, a farmer had a donkey that pulled his cart. Every day, the donkey had to go from one town to the other. Between the two towns there was a river and the bridge that connected them was far away. So, the donkey had to ride a long way every day.One day, while his boss was sleeping in the cart, the donkey decided to cross the river. That day, he was carrying salt in the cart. The salt was dissolved in the water of the river and the cart became lighter and easier to be pulled.The next day, the donkey crossed the river again. This time, he was carrying sponges. The sponges soaked in the water and became so heavy that the donkey could not pull the cart anymore. Then, the farmer woke up, bit the donkey and pulled the cart out of the river.From that day on the donkey patiently pulled the cart through the bridge to the town.

⒂THE MONKEY THAT BECAME A KING

Once upon a time, the old lion, the king of the jungle, died. So, all the animals gathered to decide who the new king would be.A lot of animals wanted to become the new king. The tiger, because she was strong and clever, the elephant, because he was the biggest animal in the world, the rhino, because although he was strong, he could move very fast, the giraffe, because she was the kindest animal in the jungle, the gorilla, because it had the loudest voice.Then, the cunning fox suggested that the animal on whose head the crown fit best, should become the king of the jungle. So, the monkey was elected to become the king of the jungle. However, the fox tricked the monkey by telling him that there was a treasure in a hole in the ground. So, the monkey fell in the trap.When

the rest of the animals saw their king in the hole, they started laughing at him. Finally, they decided to live happily all together without a king.

⒃THE ARROGANT ROOSTER

Once upon a time, a rooster lived in the yard of a house. He always boasted about himself. He used to say that he had the loudest voice and he could beat any other rooster in the world.One day, some children were playing in the yard with a small cart. The rooster saw the cart and thought that if he jumped in it, he could travel all over the world and all the hens and the roosters would admire his beauty.Then, two tomcats offered to pull the cart and he accepted. He jumped in it and shouted to the tomcats to run faster and faster. However, just around the corner, the tomcats stopped running , jumped on the rooster and ate him.The rooster was very arrogant and silly to believe the tomcats!

⒄THE CRICKET AND THE ANT

It was summer and the lazy cricket was singing while the ant was carrying food into its nest for the winter.The cricket told the ant that it didn’t need to do that. When the winter came, the ant had a lot of food at home while the cricket was hungry and cold in the snow. The ant took the cricket into his house, gave it food and took care of it.The cricket promised the ant that it would collect food next summer but in vain.

THE SHEPHERD BOY AND THE WOLF

Once, there was a boy who had to look after his sheep. One day, he decided to play a trick on the villagers. He shouted, ?Help! Wolf! Wolf!?The villagers heard his cries and rushed out of the village to help him. they asked, ?Where is the wolf?? The boy laughed loudly, ?Ha, Ha, Ha! I fooled all of you. I was only playing a trick on you.?

The boy played this trick many times. Then, some time later, a wolf went into the field. The wolf attacked sheep one by one. The boy ran towards the village shouting, ?Help! Help! Wolf! Help! Somebody!?

The villagers heard his cries but they thought it was another trick. The boy ran to the nearest villager and said, ?. I lied before, but this time it is true!?

Finally, the villagers went to look. It was true. They could see the wolf running away and many dead sheep lying on the grass.

⒆THE HARE AND THE TURTLE

Once upon a time, the hare, that was proud to be the fastest animal in the forest, raced with the turtle. The race started and the poor turtle walked very slowly while the hare ran fast. On his way, the hare saw a field with carrots. He stopped and ate so many that he fell asleep for hours. Meanwhile, the turtle kept on walking slowly and arrived at the finish line first. The turtle won the race.We must never boast about our abilities but we must always try to achieve the best.

⒇披着羊皮的狼

The wolf in sheep's clothing

A wolf wanted to eat the sheep, but he was afraid of the vigilant shepherd and his dogs.

One day the wolf found the skin of a sheep. He put it on and walked among the sheep.

A lamb thought that the wolf was its mother because his skin looked like hers. So it followed the wolf.

Soon after they had left the dogs, the wolf came at the lamb and ate it up. For some time he succeeded in deceiving the sheep, and enjoying hearty meals.

21.如果你想什么也不做,就必须坐得很高。

IF YOU W ANT DOING NOHTING YOU MUST BE SITTING VERY HIGH UP

The crow was sitting on the tree doing nothing all a day.A small rabbit saw the crow,and asked him:"Can I also sit like you and do nothing all day long?" the crow answered:"sure ,why not?" So the rabbit sat on the ground below the crow,and rested.

All of a sudden. A fox appeared,jumped on the rabbit and ate it .

moral of the story is :

To be sitting and doing nothing ,you must be sitting very very high up!

22.吃不到葡萄说葡萄酸

Fox is with the grape Hungry of the fox see the grape to up hang the radiant and extremely keen grape of a string, saliva direct current, and want to pick to eat, but again Can not take off.See in a short while, helplessly walked, and his side walk the side oneself to comfort to by oneself say:" this grape have noes familiar, affirmative Is sour." This is to say, and the some person's ability is small, and do to not accomplish anything, borrow to say the opportune moment immaturity.

23.物以类聚,人以群分

The Ass and His Purchaser 驴子和买驴子的人

A man wished to purchase an Ass, and agreed with its owner that he should try out the animal before he bought him. He took the Ass home and put him in the straw-yard with his other Asses, upon which the new animal left all the others and at once joined the one that was most idle and the greatest eater of them all. Seeing this, the man put a halter on him and led him back to his owner. On being asked how, in so short a time, he could have made a trial of him, he answered, "I do not need a trial; I know that he will be just the same as the one he chose for his companion."

24英语寓言小故事

Making His Mark “刻舟求剑”

A man from the state of Chu was taking a boat across a river when he dropped his sword into the water carelessly. Immediately he made a mark on the side of the boat where the sword dropped, hoping to find it later. When the boat stopped moving, he went into the water to search for his sword at the place where he had marked the boat. As we know, the boat had moved but the sword had not. Isn’t this a very foolish way to look for a sword?

楚国有个人坐船渡江时,他不小心把自己的一把宝剑掉落江中。他马上掏出一把小刀,在宝剑落水的船舷上刻上一个记号。船靠岸后,那楚人立即从船上刻记号的地方跳下水去捞取掉落的宝剑。他怎么找得到宝剑呢?船继续行驶,而宝剑却不会再移动。像他这样去找剑,真是太愚蠢可笑了。

25To Pull up the Seedlings to Help Them Grow “拔苗助长”

Once upon a time, there was an old farmer who planted a plot of rice. After he planted the seedlings, every day he went to the field to watch the seedlings grow. He saw the young shoots break through the soil and grow taller each day, but still, he thought they were growing too slowly. Eventually he got impatient with the young plants and suddenly he hit upon an idea that one by one, he pulled up the young plants by half an inch. The next early morning, the young man couldn’t wait to check his “achievement”, but he was heart-broken to see all the pulled-up young plants dying.

从前,有个农夫,种了稻苗(seedlings)后,便希望能早早收成。每天他到稻田时,都发觉

那些稻苗长得非常慢。他等得很不耐烦。想了又想,他终于想到一个“最佳方法”,他将稻苗全都拔高了几分。第二天,一早起身,他迫不及待地去稻田看他的“成果”。哪知,却看到所有的稻苗都枯萎了。

26Plugging One’s Ears While Stealing a Bell “掩耳盗铃”

Once upon a time, there was a man who wanted to ste al his neighbor’s doorbell. However, he knew clearly that the bell would ring and catch the other people’s attention as long as he touched the bell. So he thought hard and suddenly hit on a clever “idea”. He plugged his ears with something, thinking that everything would go well when he stole the bell. Unfortunately to his disappointment, the bell still rang loudly and he was caught on the spot as a thief.

从前,有一个人想偷邻居门上的铃,但是他知道一碰到铃,铃就会响起来,被人发现。他想啊想,终于他想出一个“妙极”,他把自己的耳朵用东西塞起来,就听不见铃声了。但是当他去偷铃时,铃声仍旧响起

26Pluggin g One’s Ears While Stealing a Bell “掩耳盗铃”

Once upon a time, there was a man who wanted to steal his neighbor’s doorbell. However, he knew clearly that the bell would ring and catch the other people’s attention as long as he touched the bell. So he thought hard and suddenly hit on a clever “idea”. He plugged his ears with something, thinking that everything would go well when he stole the bell. Unfortunately to his disappointment, the bell still rang loudly and he was caught on the spot as a thief.

从前,有一个人想偷邻居门上的铃,但是他知道一碰到铃,铃就会响起来,被人发现。他想啊想,终于他想出一个“妙极”,他把自己的耳朵用东西塞起来,就听不见铃声了。但是当他去偷铃时,铃声仍旧响起来,他被别人当场抓住

27The Fox and the Crow “狐狸和乌鸦”

One day a crow stood on a branch near his nest and felt very happy with the meat in his mouth. At that time, a fox saw the crow with the meat, so he swallowed and eagerly thought of a plan to get the meat. However, whatever the fox said to the crow, the crow just kept silent. Until the fox thought highly of the crow’s beautiful voice, the crow felt flattered and opened his mouth to sing. As soon as the meat fell down to the ground, the fox took the meat and went into his hole.

有一天,一只乌鸦站在窝旁的树枝上嘴里叼着一片肉,心里非常高兴。这时候,一只狐狸看见了乌鸦,馋得直流口水,非常想得到那片肉。但是,无论狐狸说什么,乌鸦就是不理睬狐狸。最后,狐狸赞美乌鸦的嗓音最优美,并要求乌鸦唱几句让他欣赏欣赏。乌鸦听了狐狸赞美的话,得意极了,就唱起歌来。没想到,肉一掉下来,狐狸就叼起肉,钻回了洞

28Draw a Snake and Add Feet to It “画蛇添足”

Long long ago, several people had a jar of wine among them and all of them wanted to drink it by himself. So they set a rule that every one would draw a snake on the ground and the man who finished first would have the wine. One man finished his snake very soon and he was about to drink the wine when he saw the others were still busy drawing, so he decided to draw the feet to the snake. However, before he could finish the feet, another man finished and grabbed the jar from him, saying, "Who has ever seen a snake with feet?” The story of "Draw a snake and add feet to It.” tells us going too far is as bad as not going far enough.

古时几个人分一壶酒。他们都想独自喝完那壶酒,所以就定了一个规矩:每人在地上画一条蛇,谁画得最快,这壶酒就归谁。有一个人很快就把蛇画好了。他正打算喝这壶酒时,看见别人都还在忙着画,就决定给蛇再画上几只脚。结果,他的蛇脚还没加完,另一个人已经把蛇画好了。那人一下把酒壶夺了过去,说:“有谁见过长脚的蛇?”。这个故事告诉我们这样的道理:做得过分和做得不够都是不对的

儿童英文诗歌精选秀

1.The Cuckoo 布谷鸟In April, Come he will, In May, Sing all day,

In June, Change his tune, In July, Prepare to fly, In August, Go he must!

四月里,它就来了,五月里,整天吟唱多逍遥,六月里,它在改变曲调,七月里,准备飞翔,八月里,它就得离去了!

2.At The Seaside 海边

(1)When I was down beside the sea

A wooden spade they gave to me

To dig the sandy shore.

当我到海边时

他们给了我一把木铲

好去挖掘沙滩。

(2)The holes were empty like a cup

In every hole the sea camp up,

Till it could come no more.

挖成像杯状般的空洞

让每个洞中的海水涌现

直到它不能再涌现。

3.I'M DREAMING OF THE WHITE CHRISTMAS

I'm dreaming of the white Christmas

Just like the ones I used to know.

The tree tops glisten and children

Listen to hear sleigh-bells in the snow.

I'm dreaming of the white Christmas

With every Christmas card I write.

May your days be merry and bright,

And may all your Christmases be white.

我梦想着白色的圣诞

我梦想着白色的圣诞,

就象我曾度过的圣诞一样。

树梢灯光闪闪,

孩子们听着雪橇铃响。

我梦想着白色的圣诞,

写着圣诞贺卡一张张。

愿你年年过着白色的圣诞,

愿你的生活永远愉快,安康。

Good and Clever

If all the good people were clever,

And all clever people were good,

The world would be nicer than ever,

We thought it possibly could.

But somehow, this's seldom or never,

The two hit it off as they should;

The good are so harsh to the clever,

The clever so rude to the good.

好与聪明,如果所有的人都是聪明的,所有的人都是好的,

这个世界将会比以往任何时候都好,我们认为这可能会实现.

a forever friend 永远的朋友

a friend walk in when the rest of the world walks out.

别人都走开的时候,朋友仍与你在一起。”

Sometimes in life, 有时候在生活中,

you find a special friend; 你会找到一个特别的朋友;

someone who changes your life just by being part of it.

他只是你生活中的一部分内容,却能改变你整个的生活。someone who makes you laugh until you can't stop;

他会把你逗得开怀大笑;

someone who makes you believe that there really is good in the world. 他会让你相信人间有真情。

someone who convinces you that there really is an unlocked door just waiting for you to open it.

他会让你确信,真的有一扇不加锁的门,在等待着你去开启。this is forever friendship. 这就是永远的友谊。

最新初中英语常用构词法归纳

英语专题讲座(一) 词汇的分类和构词法 一、复习要点阐述 我们学习的语言的每一篇文章都是由句子构成的。每一个句子都是由或多或少的词构成的。单词是语言构成的最基础内容,教英语的老师通常会说“一个学生记住的词汇是与他的英语成绩成正比。”这句话说明了一件事,就是词汇量的重要性。就像我们自己的国语中文,一个孩子从小到大,在日常生活中记住了大量的词汇,所以运用起来很自如。如何能记好英语的单词及其他们的用法,了解英语的词类和构词法对于一个考生来说是很重要的。所以在今天的专题中,我们将复习英语的词类和初中阶段我们所要掌握的几种构词法,使同学们对英语的词类及其简单的用法有一定的了解,并能正确的使用词汇。 二、要点复习的策略及技巧 (一)英语的词类 英语中的词类根据其语法功能分为名词、冠词、代词、数词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词、动词十类。根据意义又可以分为实词和虚词。实词指具有实际意义并能单独作句子成分的词。这些词是名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词和动词六类。虚词指没有实际意义或实际意义不明显、不能在句子中单独作句子成分的词。这些词是冠词、介词、连词和感叹词四类。 下面我们就词汇的分类、名称、作用及例词列表。

从上面的表格中我们简要地讲解了英语十大词类的基本用法。同学们可以仔细的体会一下此表的内容。这将有助于你们对句子和文章的理解。 (二)构词法 语言的基本要素之一是词汇。在语言发展的最初阶段,人们使用的是少量而简单的词汇,这些词汇只表示日常简单的事物和概念,构成语言最基本的词,称为原生词,也叫基本词或词根词。英语里的原生词大都是单音节的。如:sun, man, head, foot, fish, see, run等,其数量是有限的。随着社会的发展与进步,语言的扩充与融合使语言变得复杂,原有的原生词已不够用,人们便创造了一些新词来表示新有的事物与概念,按照语言一定的规律创造新词的方法,就是我们所说的构词法。在初中阶段我们学习了下列构词法,了解了这些构词法,我们对词的用法就更方便一些。 1. 合成法 合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力,在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。 1)名词+名词→名词 basket(篮子)+ball(球)→basketball篮球book (书) +shop(商店) → bookshop书店 book(书) + store(商店) → bookstore书店house(房子) +work(劳动) → housework家务劳动 home(家庭) + work(工作) → homework家庭作业 2) 形容词+名词→名词 black(黑色的)+board(木板)→ blackboard黑板English(英国的)+man(人)→ Englishman英国人 loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者) → loudspeaker扬声器 3)动词的-ing形式+名词

六大英语构词法详解22539

英语构词通常包括六种方法:转化法、派生法、合成法、混合法、截短法和首尾字母结合法。 一、【派生法】 英语构词法中在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀,从而构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词的方法叫作派生法。 1.前缀 除少数英语前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;英语后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化。 (1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如: agree同意→disagree不同意 fair公平的→unfair不公平的 possible可能的→impossible不可能的 understand理解→misunderstand误解 (2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对;抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再;又), sub- (下面的;次;小), tele- (强调距离)等。例如: co-worker 同事,帮手 enlarge 使变大 cooperate 合作 rewrite 重写

subway 地铁 2.后缀 给单词加后缀也是英语构词的一种重要方法。后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。下面仅作简单介绍。 (1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence,-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人),-ess (雌性),-ian (精通……的人),-ist (专业人员),-ment (性质;状态),-ness (性质;状态),-tion(动作;过程)等。例如: differ不同于→difference区别 write写→writer作家 China中国→Chinese中国人 act表演→actress女演员 music音乐→musician音乐家 (2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后),-fy (使……化),-ize (使……成为)。例如: wide→widen加宽 beauty→beautify美化 pure→purify提纯 real→realize意识到 organ→organize组织 sharp→sharpen使变锋利 (3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al,-able (有能力的),-(a)n(某国人的),-en (多

关于英语构词法的论文

浅谈运用构词法记英语单词 摘要 随着全球化进程的加快,互联网的普及,国际交往的增多,越来越多的词汇进入英语语言。有语言学家预言,在不久的将来,英语词汇量将超过1,000,000,学习者要想顺利地阅读英语文学作品、报刊等至少需要掌握10,000个英语单词。那么有没有什么方法能够科学、高效地记忆英语单词呢?本篇文章介绍了构词法中,最常见的几种记忆词汇的方法。要学好英语就必须掌握大量的词汇,要掌握大量词汇就要求我们关注词汇的组合规律,发现词的发音和拼写特点,寻找音和形之间的联系;了解构词法的知识,从而提高我们记单词的效率,这已经形成了共识。 关键词:构词法记忆单词 1

Abstract With the proceedings of globalization, the popularization of Internet, the increase of international association, more and more words came into the English language. Some linguists utter a prediction: in the near future, English vocabulary will be more than one million. If learners want to read English literary works and newspapers smoothly, he must grasp at least 10,000 English words. So what method can scientifically and effectively to remember new English words? This article introduces the most of several common word-formation methods. It is necessary to have a large vocabulary if you want to learn English well. And you must concern word-formation law, found the words pronunciation and spelling characteristics,and the connection between the sound and shape. Understand the knowledge of word-formation can help us memorize new words efficiently, which has formed a consensus. Key Words:word-formation law memorize word 2

英语非基本构词法讲解

英语非基本构词法 Ⅰ . 概述 英语构词法除基本的派生法、合成法和转化法三种之外, 还有一些常见的非基本的构词法, 本文主要研究英语中的一些非基本的构词法。一般说来,英语非基本构词法主要有两大类:缩略法(abbreviation ∕shortening 和逆构词法(back formation 。 Ⅱ . 缩略法 把词的音节加以省略或简化而生成的词统统称为缩略词,这种构词方法称为缩略法。英语中缩略词形式繁多,主要有四种类型:截短词(clipping ∕ clipped word 、首字母缩略词 (initialism 、首字母拼写词(acronym 和拼缀词(blending 。 A .截短词 截除原词的某一(或某些音节所得的缩略词,叫做截短词。 1. 截除词尾(apocope dormitory — dorm 集体宿舍 helicopter— heli 直升飞机 bicycle— bike 自行车advertisement — ad 广告 professor— prof 教授 photography— photo 照片 examination — exam 考试 kilogram— kilo 千克 taxicab— taxi 出租车 2.截除词首(aphaeresis bicycle — cycle 自行车 periwig— wig 假发 earthquake— quake 地震 omnibus —bus 公共汽车 bulldozer— dozer 推土机 caravan— van 大篷货车 3.截除首尾(front and back clipping influenza — flu 流行性感冒 refrigerator— fridge 冰箱 prescription — script 处方 detective— dec 侦探 4.截除词腰(syncope

浅谈英文构词法及其在

浅谈英文构词法及其在 英文学习中的应用 姚蕊 09级10班 200902011023

Foreword. 语言是随着人类社会的不断发展而发展的。一些旧词的过时意味着需要人们创造出一些新的词,而新词的产生,也大体上服从一定规则,有其规律可循。语言的这种“弃旧创新”不断完善和发展的过程体现出的就是一种规律——构词法(word-formation)语言学家把这种专门研究词形变化现象和规则的学问称为词形学(Morphology),通常简称为构词法(Word Formation)。中国的汉字传说是仓颉造出来的,英语中没有类似的说法。但是英语研究者也象中国学者把汉字分成象形、指事、会意、形声、转注、假借等六书一样,把英语单词的来源大致上分为五种:1)基本词(base)、2)合成词(combining words)、3)缩略词(shortening words)、4)拼缀词(blending words)、5)转类词(shifting words)。 英文构词法简介 什么是构词法? 语言的基本要素之一是词汇,在语言发展的最初阶段,人们使用的是少量而简单的词汇,这些词汇表示日常简单的事物和概念,这些词是是语言中最基本的词,在语言上称之为原生词(primitives),也叫基本词或根词。英语里的原生词大都是单音节的,如:sun,man,head,foot,fish,see,run等,它们的数量是有限的。随着社会的发展与进步,语言的扩充与融合使语言变得复杂,原有的有限的原生词已不够用,人们便创造了一些新词来表示新有的事物与概念。按照语言一定的规律创造新词的方法,称之为构词法(word-formation or word-bulding)。1. 在语言学中,词根、词缀统

浅析英语构词法

浅析英语构词法 摘要:每一种语言都是随其外部社会环境的变化而演变的,这种演变是通过其 基本单位——单词的变化来实现的。新的单词的产生如同单词的构成一样是有一定 规律的, 即构词法。本文旨在分析英语构词法的san 种形式:转化法,合成法及缀 合法。 关键词:构词法缩略法逆生法拟声法 每一种语言都不是静止的,都是随社会环境的发展而演变的。语言的演变是通过其词素单词的变化实现的。而英语中新词的产生就如同单词的构成一样是有一定规律的。这种单词的构成方法就是英语词汇构成法(word-formation)。下面要介绍的是缩略法,逆生法,拟声法三种构词法。 一、缩略法 1.缩略语的概述 缩略词(abbreviation)指的是“把词的音节加以省略或简化而产生的词”。(汪榕培等,1983)它是现代语言中一种主要的构词手段,是在不改变词语意义的基础上,把原来较长较复杂的词或短语直接或间接地缩减成较短较简单的组合。用这种方法创造出来的新词或短语就称之为缩略词语。 2.缩略法的原则 缩略法的第一原则是其等价性,或一一对应性,或一致性。即:原文缩略语例如:yard = yd(码);dormitory = dorm(宿舍)从原文到缩略语和从缩略语到原文是等价的,或一一对应的,一致的,不存在含义上的混淆。缩略法的第二个原则是最简性,即尽量用最少的符号去代表原文的含义。例如:Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic InstructionCode = BASIC(一种计算机语言)缩略语取其每个字的首字母构成一个最简单但又能代表其意义的缩略语。类似的例子还有:例如:SAL T (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 限制战略武器会谈)。缩略法的第三原则是习惯性,或者说方便记忆,识别和推断。例如:Xmas 就是用来代表拼写繁复的Christmas造出来,并且已为人们所接受了的一个最有说服力的例子。 以上这些原则是一般对缩略语的要求。这些原则严格来说是难于得到完全满足的。因为缩略语是用较少的符号去代表原文。更何况不同地区、行业、经历、时代、习惯的人有不同的理解。因此缩略语只是在一定范围内(专业、地区、时代)为多数人共识。即缩略语往往带有专业性、地区性、时代性等特征。即使是同一专业同一本书的缩略语表中也不一定会满足一一对应性。例如[1],Doctor of Philosophy(哲学博士)有两种形式的缩略语,Ph D 和D Ph。而同一缩略形式又代表两个不同的含义。如:Dr Ph 代表Doctor of Public Health (公众健康博士)和Doctor of Public Hygience (公众卫生博士)。为了满足第一原则的要求,一些国际期刊、金融机构、货币名称对缩略语都作了标准化的统一。例如:瑞士法郎Swiss Franc,有的简写为SWF,而国际标准写法是CHF。 3.英语缩略语的构成规律

浅谈构词法在初中英语教学中的运用

浅谈构词法在初中英语教学中的运用 平凉市第五中学高晓燕 摘要:依据新课标的要求,初中学生要掌握一定量词汇。有些学生化了很大不少功夫来记单词,但收效甚微。如何进行词汇教学,如何教给学生记住单词的方法,是英语教师值得探讨的问题。本论文运用构词法的有关知识,结合初中学生的认知特点,探究了运用构词法帮助学生记忆单词,扩大词汇量途径,对学生记忆英语单词有很多的启迪和帮助,效果突出。 关键词:构词法初中英语单词记忆 现在初中英语教材词汇量相当大,尽管学生在词汇上下了不少功夫,但是往往费时较多,收效很低,尤其是到了初三复习阶段,时间紧,内容多,如何进行词汇复习,已成为广大师生思考的一个问题。词汇是语言的基本单位,掌握词汇是学习语言的基础,而词汇的构成是有一定规律可寻的,那么研究构词法就是揭示规律,帮助学生记忆单词和扩大词汇量。现在结合自己的教学实践,谈一下构词法在初中英语教学中的运用。 一、合作互动,归纳构词法 通过构词法学习和掌握英语单词是学好英语的最佳方法之一。大部分英语单词属于派生词,他们可以分解成词根、前缀和后缀,这样便于记忆,也便于对照、比较,举一反三,触类旁通地将他们一一记牢。在归纳构词法时,要依据初中教材和新课程标准,把学生应该掌握的知识不断地梳理,总结,归类,把零散的东西串成串,编成网,形成知识体系。在课堂上要师生要合作互动,教师要注意充分调动和发挥学生的积极性和创造性,引导学生展开联想,还要随时驾驭和控制课堂的制高点,积极诱发学生思维,做到统而不死,放而不乱。 可以这样引导学生运用构词法的知识来复习记忆单词的: T:构词法分为合成词和派生词。合成词就是把两个词合成一个新词,可以用公式A+B=C来表示。咱们学过的合成词有哪些

英语基本构词法(记忆方法)

英语基本构词法 英语最基本的构词法(word formation)有三种:派生(derivation)、合成(compounding)和转化(conversion)。利用构词法记忆单词,可以记忆成串,举一反三。 Ⅰ.派生法 派生词缀和词根结合,或者粘着词根和粘着词根结合构成单词的方法,叫做派生法(derivation),也称作缀词法。用派生法构成的词叫做派生词(derivative)。派生词的词缀法是英语构词法中 最活跃的一种,在英语构词的历史上发挥极其重要的作用。另外,这种构词法也是我们可以发挥 能动性借以扩大词汇量的一种构词法。词缀分为前缀和后缀两种。 A.前缀 1.表示“否定”、“相反”意义的前缀: de- decrease减少;decentralize分散;degrade降级,降低,,的地位; dis- dislike不喜欢;disagree不同意;distrust不信任;disappear消失; il- illegal不合法的;illogical不合逻辑的;illegalize宣布,,为非法; im- impossible不可能的;immoral不道德的;impractical不现实的; un- unwilling 不情愿的;unbelievable 难以置信的;unnecessary 不必要的等等。 2.表示时间先后的前缀 ex- ex-husband前夫;ex-president前总统; fore- foretell语言;foresight先见之明,预见;foresee预见,预知; mid- midterm其中的;midnight午夜; post- postwar战后的;postgraduate研究生;postdoctoral博士后的等等。 3.表示方向位置的前缀 ex- export出口;exclude把,,排斥在外;external外部的; in- input输入;indoor室内的;inrush涌入;incoming进来的等等。 4.表示程度的前缀 extra- extraordinary非凡的,惊人的;extracurricular课程以外的; out- outnumber比,,多;outrun超过,跑得比,,快; sur- surpass超过,优于;surplus剩余的;surrealism超现实主义等等。 5.表示数量的前缀 bi- bilateral双边的,两边的;bipartisan两党的;bilingual两语的; mono- momocycle独轮车;monologue独白;monodrama独角戏,单人剧;

英语构词法

浅谈英语构词法 英语词汇的构成有一定的规律和法则。按照其规律和法则造词的方法就叫做“构词法”(word building or word formation)。 英语单词的构成成分是词素(morpheme)。单词由一个或多个词素构成。词素分为自由词素(free morpheme)和粘着词素(bound morp-heme)两种。 自由词素词义完整,能够单独用作单词,如 good, hand, live等,本身不能再分解。粘着词素有一定的含义,但是不能单独用作单词,必须与其它词素一起才能构成词义完整的单词。粘着词素大部分是词缀(affixes), 也有不能单独使用的词根(root)。词缀分为屈折词缀(inflectional affixes)和派生词缀(derivational affixes),按照与词根连接的位置又分为前缀(prefixes)和后缀(suffixes),如 resistance就是由前缀re-, 词根sist和后缀 -ance三个粘着词素复合而成的。 英语的构词法主要有: 一、加词缀法(affixation) 加词缀法分为屈折变化法(inflexion) 和派生法 (derivation)。屈折变化法是指词尾有表示名词复数、格、第三人称单数、动词时态的后缀以及有表示形容词和副词比较级和最高级的后缀。如 books, boxes, father’s, working, worked, does, harder, hardest 等。名词复数和动词时态的不规则变化也属于屈折变化,如 children, men, has, went, gone 等。由屈折变化所构成的词叫做屈折词(inflectional word)。 可见,屈折变化法是为了限定某词的语法功能而添加词缀或改变词形。以father’s 为例,它是所有格就不能用于别的格;has 对人称、数和时态也有了限定。 派生法是给词根添加上前缀或后缀而构词。 如词根sist (立) 加上有一定含义的词缀构成的词有:assist (帮助), assistant(助手), insist(坚持), resistless (不抵抗的)等。又如自由词素work, 也称词根词,加词缀构成的词有:rework, work-able, workless, worker 等。词根添加派生词缀构成的词叫做派生词(derivatives)。 由此看来,词根添加上具有什么词性的词缀,所派生的词就具有什么词性,如 -er 是名词后缀,worker 就是名词;-less 是形容词后缀,resistless 就是形容词。可是,屈折变化构成的词词性不变,而且派生词缀不能添加在屈折词上,派生词却可以再进行屈折变化或派生,因为派生词实质上有原形或自由词素所具有的语法特性。如派生词insist屈折变化为 insists, insisted 等;worker变化为 workers, workers’等;resistless可派生成为 resistlessly 等。又如-ed既是屈折后缀又是派生后缀。作为屈折后缀,加在动词 work 之后构成屈折词worked, 不能再添加词缀; 可是作为派生后缀加在名词gift之后派生成形容词gifted还可再派生成giftedly,gifted-ness等。

浅谈英语构词法与扩大词汇

浅谈英语构词法与扩大词汇 霍雯 摘要 :英语构词法是英语学习中的重要方法之一。英语构词规律主要包括: 派生法、合成法、转化法等。通过研究单词的结构、熟记各种构词词素的意义、识别词形、灵活运用词素等与英语构词规律紧密相关的方法来掌握英语单词,不失为一条捷径。 关键词 :英语单词; 构词法; 记忆法 On Word-formation and Vocabulary Improvement Abstract: Word一formation is one of the important methods of English learning.Ways of English word-formation include:derivation、compounding、conversion and so on. By studying the structure of words, reciting the various morphemes significance, identifying word form, using morpheme flexibly and such formation patterns closely related to the approach of mastering English words is a shortcut. Key words: English words; word-formation; memory 当今社会,越来越多的人开始重视英语的学习和研究。那么如何更快更好的学习和掌握英语就成了英语学习中的一个重要问题了。一般来说,不外乎记单词和掌握语法规律。 英语词汇量大,内容丰富,成分复杂。据The Standard Dictionary编者估计,现在的英语单词约在100一125万之间。面对如此浩瀚的英语单词,即使是学过多年或从事英语工作多年的人也常会遇到生词的拦路虎。因此,学外语记单词既令学习者伤脑筋,也是英语学习中的一项沉重负担。记忆单词的方法有很多,诸如:单独一个词一个词的地记;在句子中记;在文章中记;在各种形式的练习中记;朗读记;听写记等等。这些也都有一定的效果。但怎样才能更加快捷、有效、大量地记忆,掌握英语单词,从而达到迅速扩大词汇量的目的呢?笔者认为,利用构词法记单词,是比较科学的方法,既有助于对已学词汇的记忆又有助于举一反三,触类旁通地识记新词汇,有分析地去记也是快速、有效地学习和掌握英语的重要方法之一。 其实,英语词汇的教与学都是有规可循的。木文以英语词素的研究为基础,详细介绍英语的构词规律和英语词义的衍生、转换的逻辑思维过程,以培养学习者根据此行判断词义及其发音,借助熟词扩大词汇量的能力,帮助读者在相对短的时间内掌握大量词汇。 为了弄清构词法与快速掌握词汇的关系,本文拟在阐述英语的构词几个规律的同时分别对如何利用这些规律进行记忆英语单词加以构间记忆分析。 在语言发展的最初阶段,人们使用少量的词汇,如earth地球,man人,

(完整版)初中英语构词法

初中英语构词法--英语单词不在困难 英语构词方法主要有三种:即合成、派生和转化。 1 转化 英语单词的词性非常活跃,名词用作动词,动词转化为名词,形容词用作动词等现象非常普遍,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性的方式就叫做词性的转化。阅读中经常出现转化词,只要抓住单词的原始意思,结合句子成分,就容易弄清它们的引申义。 1. 动词和名词之间的相互转化。有时意思变化不大,有时有一定的变化。 1) 动词转化为名词。如: 下个星期天咱们出去驱车旅行,好吗? 句中的drive由动词转化为名词(词意引申为“驱车旅行”)。 我经常去那里散步。 (句中walk由动词转化为名词)

2) 名词转化为动词。如: 你的票订好了吗? (句中book由名词转化为动词,词意引申为“订购”) 请把你的刀子递给我。 (句中hand由名词转化为动词,词意引申为“传递”) 2. 少部分形容词转化为动词。 火车速度减慢了一半。 (句中slow由形容词转化为动词,词意引申为“减速”) (句中dirty由形容词转化为动词,词意引申为“弄脏”) 3. 形容词和名词之间的相互转化。 那个时候,穷人是不允许进入这个公园的。 (句中poor由形容词转化为名词,词意引申为“穷人”) 昨天他们把那个病人送进了医院。

(句中sick由形容词转化为名词,词意引申为“病人”) 4. 有些词可以词形不变,只因重音变化而发生词类转化,有时词义也可能变化。如: record [re?k??d] v.记录record [r??k??d] n.记录 5. 有些词词形不变,只因词尾的清浊音变化而发生词类转化,有时词形也可以变化。如: excuse [?ks?kju?z] v.原谅excuse [?ks?kju?s] n.原谅 use [ju?z] v.用use [ju?s] n.用 2 派生 派生词是在一个单词前面加前缀或后面加后缀构成新词。如:happy—unhappy (加前缀un-) happy—happily (加后缀-ly) 1. 通过加前缀构成另一个词。 前缀一般不造成词类的转换,但能引起词义的变化。前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。常用的前缀有:

英语学习中的构词法

英语学习中的构词法 Prepared on 22 November 2020

英语学习中的构词法 词是什么 “词”的英语是“Word”。依据词典“Word”可译为“语言、言、话、字、文字、词”等。人类在学习一种语言时最基本的两件事就是认识词和使用词来表达思想。那么“Word”是什么 我们先从表达思想来说。大凡人要把心中所感觉到的和所想的表达出来时,一个共通的表达模式就是“举出主题并说明它”。这种表达模式我们叫做“一句话”,在语言学上称为句子(Sentence)。例如: 例A:Your book is on the desk. 你的书在书桌上。 例B:Tom goes to school by bicycle every day. 汤姆每天骑自行车上学。 例C:The lady who has just passed by is our English teacher. 刚经过的那位女士是我们的英语老师。 解说:上面各例都是句子。例A是表示我们生活中周边的静态事物,例B是表达事物的动态现象,例C所表达的是两者都有。那么句子是由什么来组成的呢由上面各例可以了解句子的组成要素如下: 由上面的解说我们可以了解: 定义:词、短语、从句等称为句子组成的要素(Element)。 词是句子的组成要素中不能再细分的最小表意单位(Sense unit)。 构词法

英文词和中文词的最大不同点在于中文词是属于象形文字语系,字形是固定不变,而且是一字一音;英文词是属于符号文字语系,其字形(拼写法)须配合语意和句意表达的条件并受其约束,同时有一字一音、一字二音、一字三音……等。请参考下列的中英文词对比。 上面对比表中所列示者只是英文词的基本变化部分,实际上英文词的词形变化还不止这些。语言学家把这种专门研究词形变化现象和规则的学问称为词形学(Morphology),通常简称为构词法(Word Formation)。 构词法基本上包括下列三项: 1.词根(Root) 2.派生词(Derivative) 3.合成词(Compound Words) A.词根(Root) 定义:英文词形成的“根基”部分称为词根(亦称字根)。 现以“like”为例列示如下: Root like................................................... 像 a-like.................................................... 相像 un-like................................................... 不像 like-ness............................................ 相像 un-like-ness............................................ 互不相像 解说:如例所示“like”就是“alike…unlikeness”等词的词根。因英文词源自拉丁语者约占五分之三,所以英文词的词根也大部分源自拉丁词根。词根大部分都是

英语构词法表

一. 常见的前缀 1.表示否定意义的前缀 1)纯否定前缀 a-, an-, asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的) dis- dishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular ne-, n-, none, neither, never non-, noesense neg-, neglect un- unable, unemployment 2)表示错误的意义 male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调) mis-, mistake, mislead pseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience 3)表示反动作的意思 de-, defend, demodulation(解调) dis-, disarm, disconnect un-, unload, uncover 4)表示相反,相互对立意思 anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeign,(排外的) contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, controflow(逆流)

counter-, counterreaction, counterbalance ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy with-, withdraw, withstand 2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀 1)a- 表示“在……之上”,“向……”aboard, aside, 2)by- 表示“附近,邻近,边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路) 3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围,环绕,回转”circumstance, circuit 4)de-, 表示“在下,向下” descend, degrade 5)en-, 表示“在内,进入” encage, enbed(上床) 6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部,外” exit, eclipse, expand, export 7)extra-, 表示“额外” extraction (提取) 8)fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foreground 9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内,在内,背于”inland, invade, inside, import

浅谈构词法

浅谈构词法 摘要:每一种语言都是随其外部社会环境的变化而演变的,这种演变是通过其 基本单位——单词的变化来实现的。新的单词的产生如同单词的构成一样是有一定规律的, 即构词法。本文旨在分析英语构词法的san 种形式:转化法,合成法及派生法. 关键词:转化法合成法派生法 ●词是什么? “词”的英语是“Word”。依据词典“Word”可译为“语言、言、话、字、文字、词”等。人类在学习一种语言时最基本的两件事就是认识词和使用词来表达思想。 ●那么“Word”是什么? 我们先从表达思想来说。大凡人要把心中所感觉到的和所想的表达出来时,一个共通的表达模式就是“举出主题并说明它”。这种表达模式我们叫做“一句话”,在语言学上称为句子(Sentence)。例如: 例A:Your book is on the desk.(你的书在书桌上。) 例B:Tom goes to school by bicycle every day.(汤姆每天骑自行车上学。) 例C:The lady who has just passed by is our English teacher. (刚经过的那位女士是我们的英语老师。) 解说:上面各例都是句子。例A是表示我们生活中周边的静态事物,例B是表达事物的动态现象,例C所表达的是两者都有。那么句子是由什么来组成的呢?由上面各例可以了解句子的组成要素如下: ●由上面的解说我们可以了解: 定义:词、短语、从句等称为句子组成的要素(Element)。 词是句子的组成要素中不能再细分的最小表意单位(Sense unit)。 ●为何在学构词法?我们认为,对于普通人员来说,学点英语的构词方式,有 以下几方面的益处: (1)了解词的结构,扩大巩固所学的词汇。在阅读科技文章和专业资料时,碰到生字可以由已知的成分去分析未知词的含义,甚至可以"猜字"。比如说,如果我们知道了词根anthropo-[man](人)的意思,就有难理解下面几个词的含义:anthropolgy(人类学)、anthropid (类人的)、anthropologist(人类学家)、anthropolgical(人类学的)、philanthropist(慈善家)、misanthropist(厌世者)。其次,学习构词的方法对词汇的记忆和联想也是大有帮助的。 (2)为深刻理解词义有一定的帮助,如:人称外词后缀-ster有时含有轻蔑意味:trickster (骗子手)、gamester(赌棍)、rhymster(打油诗人)、gangster(歹徒)、monster(恶人)等。 (3)培养灵活运用词语的能力和善于造词的本领。比方,on-the-spot(现场的)、sixteen-in-one-group(十六进制的)、blue-black(蓝黑)、under-develop(发育不全)、middle-of-term(期中)、fecal-borne(粪便传播的)、hair-bulb(毛球)、fever-blister(发热性疱疹)、Mikulicz-Vladimiroff(米弗二氏)、mind-blindness(精神性盲)等等。 以上谈了构词的三种好处,但是也不能夸大其作用,因为词只是语言的基本素材,不能孤立看待。构词往往没有一定成规,有时还要靠惯用法(us-age)决定。初学者容易造出类似My doctor disadvised me to redouble my dosage(我的医生没有劝我加倍剂量)。的句子。

英语构词法

英语构词法 我们今天来看点耐人寻味,发人省醒又让学习英语的同学头疼的东西——词汇。词汇很重要,有多重要呢语言学家和认知学专家研究出两套程序:第一是英语能力培养程序:词汇-语法-听-说-读-写。第二是英语高分训练程序:词汇-读-写。两套程序是语言学家公认的程序,次序自然不能颠倒,所以我们可以发现不论是英语能力培养还是英语高分训练,词汇都摆在第一位。大家可能都听过这样一个很俗但很实用的比喻,英语学习是座高楼大厦的话,词汇便是构成大厦的一砖一瓦。但是砖并不是最小单位,它还是可以再分,砖是怎么炼成的呢我们对这一砖一瓦到底了解多少呢带着这个疑问我们就走进英语砖瓦的世界——英语构词法。 英语构词法主要有三种:即合成法、派生法和转化法。细分还可以加上发明法,混成法,截断构词,缩略语,逆构词法,类推构词,借词。一一道来的话,可能需要很久很久,我们挑出重点要讲的和一笔带过的。今天我们先突破前两个构词法——合成法和派生法,其余的构词法请关注下期葡萄嗝嗝的文章。 1、合成法 将两个或两个以上的单词合成在一起而构成的新词,叫做合成词(compound)。比如: (1)合成形容词(Adjective Compounds)

①N+present participle(现在分词,简称ppr) 例:English-speaking 讲英语的,south-facing 朝南的 ②N+past participle(过去分词,简称pp)例:man-made 人造的,water-covered 被水覆盖的 ③N+Adj 例:snow-white 雪白的,day-long 整天的 ④Adj+N+-ed 例:warm-hearted 热情的,kind-hearted 好心肠的 ⑤Adj/Adv+ppr 例如good-looking 好看的 funny-looking 滑稽的 ⑥Adv+pp 例:well-known 出名的,deep-set(眼睛)深陷的 ⑦Adv/Adj+N 例:right-hand 右手的,full-time 专职的 ⑧Num+N 例:100-meter 100米的,million-pound 百万英镑的 ⑨Num+N+Adj 例:180-foot-high 180英寸高的,10-year-old 10岁的 ⑩Num+N+-ed 例:four-footed/legged 四脚的,one-eyed 独眼龙的 (2)合成名词(Noun Compounds) ①N+N 例:weekend 周末,classroom 教室,bookshop 书店

六大英语构词法详解

一、【派生法】 英语构词法中在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀,从而构成一个与原单 词意义相近或截然相反的新词的方法叫作派生法。 1. 前缀 除少数英语前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;英语后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化。 (1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un- 等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如: agree 同意—disagree 不同意 fair 公平的—unfair 不公平的 possible 可能的—impossible 不可能的 understand 理解—misunderstand 误解 (2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词),anti-(反对;抵抗), auto-(自动),co-(共同),en-(使),in ter-(互相),re-(再;又),sub-(下 面的;次;小),tele-(强调距离)等。例如: co-worker 同事,帮手 enlarge 使变大 cooperate 合作 rewrite 重写 subway地铁 2. 后缀

给单词加后缀也是英语构词的一种重要方法。后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。下面仅作简单介绍。 (1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence,-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人),-ess (雌性),-ian (精通.... 的人),-ist (专业人员),-ment (性质; 状态),-ness (性质;状态),-tion(动作;过程)等。例如: differ 不同于—differe nee 区另廿 write 写—writer 作家 China中国—Chinese中国人 act表演—actress 女演员 music音乐—musieian音乐家 ⑵构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后),-fy (使.... 化),-ize (使……成为)。例如: wide—widen 力卩宽 beauty—beautify 美化 pure—purify 提纯 real —realize 意识至U organ —organize 组织 sharp —sharpen 使变锋禾U ⑶构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al , -able (有能力的),-(a)n(某国人的),-en (多用于表示材料的名词后),-ern (方向的),-ese(某国人的),-ful , -(ic)al , -ish , -ive , -less (表示否定),-like (像...... 的),-ly , -ous , -some, -y (表示天气)等。例如: nature 自然—natural 自然的 reas on道理—reas on able有道理的

英语常见构词法

浅谈英语构词法(转) 掌握英语构词法是高中学生应该具备的一项基本技能。它对于帮助学生扩大词汇量,准确地推测文章中词汇的含义具有非常重要的意义。现就英语中常见的三种构词法加以总结说明。 转化:指由一种词性转化为另一种词性的构词形式。 一 . 转化:指由一种词性转化为另一种词性的构词形式。 1. 名词转化为动词:名词转化为动词: book ( n 书—v 预定);seat ( n 座位— v 使就位;落座);water ( n 水— v 浇水);shoulder ( n 肩膀— v 负责任) 2. 动词转化为名词:动词转化为名词: try ( v 尝试—n 尝试);look ( v 看— n 表情);swim ( v 游泳— n 游泳);dream ( v 做梦— n 梦) 3. 形容词转化为动词:形容词转化为动词: dirty ( adj 脏的—v 弄脏);slow ( adj 慢的—v 放慢;减慢);right ( adj 正确的—v 纠正); dry ( adj 干的—v 变干);free ( adj 自由的—v 解放;使自由);wrong ( adj 错误的— v 弄错;受委屈) 4. 形容词转化为名词:形容词转化为名词: dear ( adj 昂贵的—n 喜欢的人 / 物);quiet ( adj 寂静的— n 寂静);total ( adj 全部的— n 总数) 5. 其它词类的转化情况:其它词类的转化情况: Our classroom faces south. ( south: n 南方;南面— adv 向南;朝南) 6. 当英语词汇转化时,转化后的词的读音常有变化。当英语词汇转化时,转化后的词的读音常有变化。 合成:指由两个或两个以上本身有独立含义的词合在一起组成一个有具体意义的新词的构词形式。 二 . 合成:指由两个或两个以上本身有独立含义的词合在一起组成一个有具体意义的新词的构词形式。 1. 合成形容词的常见构词形式: 合成形容词的常见构词形式: ⑴数词 + 名词 a five - year plan (五年计划) first-class products (一级品) second-hand goods (二手货) a four-word ;;;(四字成语)⑵数词 + 名词 +ed a three - legged bench (三条腿的登子);a one - eyed camel (一只眼的骆驼) ⑶数词 + 名词 + 形容词 a 20-year-old lady (一位 20 岁的女士);a 1,000-metre-long bridge (一座 1000 米长的桥) ⑷名词 + 现在分词 peace-loving (热爱和平的);meat-eating (食肉的);English-speaking (说英语的);history-making (创造历史的) ⑸名词 + 过去分词 heart-broken (伤心的);man-made (人造的);state-owned (国有的);water-covered (被水覆盖的) ⑹形容词 + 名词 +ed absent-minded (漫不经心的);blue-eyed (蓝眼睛的);good-tempered (好脾气的);kind-hearted (和善的) ⑺形容词 + 现在分词 bad-looking (相貌丑陋的);fine-sounding (动听的);easy-going (容易相处的)

相关文档
最新文档