定语从句讲解与练习
高中英语定语从句详解
仔细观察下列句子, 并注意划线部分的用法。
1. That’s all that I know.
2. Anyone who was late this morning should be responsible for this accident.
3. This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.
4. What do you think of the photos that/ which I took in the park
5. They talked about the people and things that they remembered in the old days.Ⅰ. 概念：
(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作______的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用：
1)代替先行词;
2)引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；
3)必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）
常用的关系代词: that, which, who, whom, as, whose
常用的关系副词: when, why, where
⑴ who, that, _____ 作主语；
⑵ who, whom, which, ____作宾语和表语；
⑶ ______作定语。
注意：当关系代词作 ____语时常常可省略, 而作 ____语时则不能省略。
The student who answered the question was John.
I know the reason why he was so angry.
The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.
I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
定语从句三步：
第一找出先行词；
第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；
第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法：
●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：
1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now
2. You can take anything ( that) you like.
3. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about
4. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.
5. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.
●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：
1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.
2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.
3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.
●who, whom, whose:
who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人
whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人
whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。
1. I like the students who/that work hard.
2. All who heard the story were amazed.
3. He's a man from whom we should learn.
= He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.
4. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.
5. I'd like a room whose window faces south.
=I'd like a room of which the window faces south.
=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.
关系代词作介词宾语：（介词+ whom / which）
关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。）
is the book for which you asked.
=This is the book (that/which) you asked for.
2. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands
= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with
3. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week
4. Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week
5. This is the girl whom they are looking after.
(介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等)
●as 的用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)
①如为限制性的，多用于the same …as ; the same as；such …as …; as many/much as；so …as等结构中。如：
1. I have the same book as you (have).
2. .---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now
--- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.
3. Don't do such things as you are not sure about.
比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in.
I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.
比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.
Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.
②如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）
we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health .
=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health .
=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health .
=Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know .
=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.
was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.
Ⅲ. 关系副词引导的定语从句:
●When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）
He came last night when I was out.
We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意：先行词为"时间名词"，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。
比较:1. I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.
2. I still remember the days which/that we spent together.
3. I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou Ⅴ was launched, which has a great effect on my life.
●Where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.
This is the place where I was born.
I live in the room where /in which he used to live.
注意：先行词是"地点名词"，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。
比较:
1. This is the factory where /in which he worked last year.
2. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.
3. He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.
4. This is the park which/that they visited last year.
●Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如：
1. The reason why / for which / (that) he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.
2. I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me.
3. Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success
当先行词为way时，the way在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用that, in which,或how 引导，that常可以省略。
the way在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如:
This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.
比较: Please do the experiment in the way（that/which）I have shown you.Ⅳ. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。
2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.
3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。
This is the book I like best.
Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics.
4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。
比较: He has a sister, who is a musician.
He has a sister who is a musician.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose ,指物时用which , whose;关系副词when，where, why, etc.
1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.
2. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.
Ⅴ. 几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:
●that & which:
在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍用that, 而不用which 的情况.
①先行词为不定代词,all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等,
should do all that is useful to the people .
's nothing that can be said about it .
you mean the one that was bought yesterday
②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。
only thing that we could do was to wait.
's the very word that is wrongly used.
3. The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.
比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.
*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.
③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。
we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.
is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.
④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
is the best that can be done now.
most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.
⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that. 如：
writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known . rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.
⑥被修饰词为数词时.
I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .
⑦如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
⑧疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。
1. Which is the book that you like best
2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate
⑨主句是There be结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：
1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.
⑩被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .
1. That's a good book that will help you a lot.
2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .
定语从句中用which而不用that 的情况:
①当关系代词的前面有介词时.
zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
this the room in which Mr. White lives
②在非限制性定语从句中.
's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .
and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming popular in our country. ③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which .
1. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.
1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which .
What's that which she is looking at
⑥先行词是those+复数名词.
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.
(B) who & that:
who 和 that 指代人时，有些情况用who, 而不用that
①先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时. 如：
person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.
who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason . who are not fit for their work should leave office at once.
②在There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人. 如：
is a gentleman who wants to see you .
are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.
③当先行词有较长的后置定语时. 如：
1. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.
●as & which:
as & which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
①位置的不同：
which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：
1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.
2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know. 或As you know, Jack is an honest man.
②先行词的不同：
as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；
which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。
1. She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.
2. He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子）
3. He is an honest man, as is known to all.
③as 一般译为"正如""就像"，"这一点"
as we all know；as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected; as we have imagined.
合并下列句子
1. The woman is a teacher.
2 .The woman lives next door.
1. The nurse is kind.
2. The nurse looks after my sister.
is reading a book.
2. The book is too difficult for him.
1. I have a friend.
2. He likes listening to classical music.
1. Many people were afraid to swim in the sea.
2. They saw the film Jaws.
1. It is about a big white shark.
2. It attacks swimmers.
1. I know the doctor.
2. His daughter studies abroad.
1. Have you seen my book
2. The book’s cover is red.
用适当的关系词填空.
you like the present __________I bought you yesterday
2. The storybook _________was written by his uncle was quite interesting.
3. The boy ______ compu ter doesn’t work well needs your help.
4. This is the best movie _________ we have seen this year.
5. The doctor ______________ we met in the street is from America.
6. The passengers and the suitcases _____ were in the waiting room had to wait for another plane.
7. Who is the girl _________ you want to make friends with
8. This is the last lesson ___________ Mr. Smith taught us.
用适当的关系词填空.
1. I will never forget the day __________ I first went to school.
I will never forget the day __________ we spent in Beijing.
2. The house __________ we visited is being repaired now.
The house ______ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.
选择适当的代词填空，注意非限制性定语从句和单句的比较。
am reading Harry Porter, _____is an interesting book.
failed in the made his parents angry.
failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry.
has two sons. Both of ________ are teachers.
has two sons, both of ________ are teachers.
介词+关系代词的使用
1. Do you like the book ___________________ she spent $10
2. Do you like the book ___________________ she paid $10
3. Do you like the book ___________________ she learned a lot
4. Do you like the book___________________ she often talks
定语从句汉译英练习：?
1、她就是那个努力学习数学的女孩。
?
2、他就是我们刚才谈论的那个人。?
3、这就是那个爸爸是警察的女孩。?
4、他们住在一座窗户朝南的房子里。
?
5、我仍然记得我第一次来到这座城市的那一天?。
6、这就是我们以前住过的房子?。
7、他考试通过了，这使他父母很高兴。?
8、他们正在谈论在公园里看到的人和物。?
用适当的关系词填空：?
1.?I?still?remember?the?night?_______I?first?came?to?the?house.?
2.?I'll?never?forget?the?day________???we?met?each?other?last?week.?
3.?Mr?Black?is?going?to?Beijing?in?October,?_______is?the?best?season?there .?
4.?This?is?the?school?______I?used?to?study.??
5.?Do?you?still?remember?the?place______?we?visited?last?week?
6.?Do?you?still?remember?the?place_______?we?visited?the?painting?exhibitio n?
7.?I?live?in?Beijing,____is?the?capital?of?China.?
8.?There?was?a?time?______there?were?slaves?in?the?USA.?
9.?It?was?in?the?street?_____I?met?John?yesterday.?
10.?This?is?the?very?novel?about____we've?talked?so?much.?
11.?He?lives?in?the?room____window?faces?to?the?south.?
12.?I?hope?you?will?find?this?valley?a?beautiful?place____you?may?spend?you r?weekend.?
对比练习
1. ⑴ Tom is one of the boys who ____ (be) from the USA.
⑵ Tom is the only one of the boys who ____ (be) from the USA.
２. ⑴ Is this factory _____we visited last week
⑵ Is this the factor y _____we visited last week
A. that
B. whose
C. who
D. the one
３. ⑴ The old man did _____ he could to help the children.
⑵ The old man did all ____ he could to help the children.
A. what
B. that
C. all what
D. which
4. (1) The room ____ w indow faces south is my sister’s.
(2) The room ____ faces south is my sister’s.
A. which
B. whose
C. who
D. whom
单句改错
1.He lived in Beijing for two years, during when he learned Chinese.
2.He said he would come to see us the next week, then he had free time.
3.He won the first place in this exam, that made him very glad.
4.The man, that lives next to us, is my English teacher.
5.She made a terrible noise, and which brought her heart to her mouth.
6.This is one of the books which was written by Lu Xun.
7.This is the most beautiful place that I have visited it.
8.The school where I worked there is a famous one.
9.The tomatoes were on the table were given to you.
10.The room where he lives in is bigger than mine.
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.My classmate lives in Wuhan, _______ is one of the hottest cities in China.
2.The teacher is much kinder to girls than to boys, _______ of course makes
the boys very angry.
3.His father works in the company, _______ computers are made.
4.Jack is always absent from class, _______ is why he is blamed by his teacher.
5.The gentleman _______ you told me about yesterday proved to be a thief.
6.The old man remembered the very day ______ he met Chairman Mao.
7.I’m going to visit New York, ______ my parents live.
8.I have two brothers, the taller of ______ is a college student.
9.I live in a new house _______ windows face south.
10.I study in the classroom, in front of ______ stands a big tree.
2020考研语法指导：定语从句详解
2020考研语法指导：定语从句详解 定语从句是英语学习的难点，也是考研英语考查的重点。掌握考研英语的定语从句需要掌握以下几个方面： 一、定义 定语从句是指在句中做定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。 二、定语从句的结构 定语从句一般位于先行词的后面，定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which , that, as 和关系副词when, where, why 等引导。 一）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1） who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中做主语和宾语。例如：Is he the m an who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中做主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中做宾语） （2） whose用作关系词表示所属格，也可看作是关系形容词，因 为它后面必须接一个名词连用。不能单独使用。例如:
? They rushed over to help the man whose car had broke n down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 (3) which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等。作宾语时常可省略。例如： ? A prosperitywhich / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside? 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语) 二)关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 (1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which ”结构，所以常常和“介词+ which ”结构交替使用。例如： There are occasionswhen (on which )one must yield? 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the placewhere in which ) I was born?北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why ( for which )he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们协助他的理由吗？ (2)that代替关系副词，能够用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which ”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
高中定语从句详细讲解讲课教案
高中定语从句详细讲 解
高中定语从句详细讲解 （一）定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。
定语从句易错题
1. The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains. A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were 解析:最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由"介词+which"引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was. 请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）： （1）Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops. A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are （2）The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station. A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are （3）Next month we'll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurant where we can have Chinese food. A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are 2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, "Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?" A. that B. which C. where D. what 【解析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的around 不是介词，而是副词，意为"在附近"；其后的where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？ 3. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 解析：最佳答案是B。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。 4. _______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 解析：此题答案选A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that 从句。
英语语法讲解之定语从句
英语语法讲解之定语从句 时间：2016-08-12作者：来源：学习方法网 一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能(作用)： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。 7.定语从句的类型： ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。 I live in a house far away from the city，in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate，on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom，指物用which)引导。One，some，any，none，all，both，several，many，most，neither，either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children，two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children，and two of them are abroad.) We have three books，none of which is/are interesting. (比较：We have three books，but none of them is/are interesting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
定语从句(基础讲解)
定语从句的用法 【概念引入】 欣赏含有定语从句的名言： Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face. 笑是太阳，它从人们的脸上赶走冬天。 Don’t trust the first sign that you see. 不要相信你看见的第一个迹象。 All is not gold that glitters. 发光的未必都是金子。 Nothing is impossible to the man who has will. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。 【用法讲解】 一、定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。 This is the present that he gave me for my birthday. 这是他给我的生日礼物。 Do you know everybody who came to the party? 你认识来宴会的每一位吗？ This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. 这是毛主席曾经居住的地方。 二、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 I prefer singers who can write their own lyrics. 我更喜欢能写自己歌词的歌唱家。 These are musicians who make us happy. 这些是能让我们高兴的音乐家。 People who eat a balanced diet are healthier. 平衡饮食的人是健康的。 2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。 Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？ 你认识我们在门口遇到的那个年轻人吗？ Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come. 你想见的李先生已经来了。 3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。 The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. 她妈妈病了的那个女孩今天呆在家。 I know the boy whose father is a professor. 我认识他的父亲是教授的那个男孩。 4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。 A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. 字典是给单词释义的一本书。
(完整word)高中定语从句全面详细讲解
高中定语从句详细讲解 一:定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有 when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中， who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 二:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。 译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的” 关系词的使用上：A．作宾语时可省略B．可用that C．可用who 代替whom 非限制性定语从句 形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。 关系词的使用上：A．不可省略B．不用that C．不可用who 代替whom 限制性定语从句举例：The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。 非限制性定语从句举例： His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。 三:关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。 5．Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
定语从句易错题讲解
定语从句易错题讲解 在历届高考试题中，对定语从句及相关从句的考试题，几乎是每年都有，出题角度变化无常，且定语从句的教学在中学英语教学中居十分重要的地位． 1. The factory __________ his mother works is in the east of the city. A. that B. which C. on which D. where 答案：D．关系副词where 在定语从句中作地点状语． 2. The place __________ interest ed me most was the Children’s Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which 答案：A．关系代词which代the place , 在定语从句中作主语，所以不能选B，D．如不用Ｔhe place 就选C，主语从句． ＊归纳：在学习定语从句时不要一看到表示地点的字眼就选where或in which等。 3. Please make a mark ________you don’t understand. A. where B. in which C. at which D. that 答案：A．where引导地点状语从句。 4. They talked of things and persons ________they remembered in the school. A. that B. \ C. whom D. both A and B 答案D先行词为things and persons 为人和事，只能用that ,因为作宾语，故可省。 5. All ________has to be done every day is to listen and to repeat what he does. A. that B. which C. whom D. he 答案A 先行词all 为不定代词，只能用that ,不能用which.此外还有先行词为 anything, everything, nothing, any ,little, one, few, much, none等，如： （1） The re isn’t much that I can do. （2） He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes. 6. This is the biggest library ______ we have ever built in our university. A. which B. where C. that D. one 答案C 当先行词由形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时用that. 7 This is the first place _______I’ve ever visited. A. where B. in which C. that D. which 答案C 当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时用that. 8. Is this the very museum ______ you visited the other day? A. which B. that C. what D. where 答案B 当先行词被the very, the only 等修饰时用that 9. She is wearing the same dress ______she wore yesterday. A. like B. as C. that D. which 答案C 当先行词被the same 修饰，且指“同一物品”时用that. 10. He is not the man _____ he was. A. what B. that C. as D. who 答案B 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时用that. 11. Which is the book ______you bought yesterday? A. which B. that C. what D. the one 答案B 当主语从句是以who, which 开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who 时用that. 12. I have the same book _____you bought yesterday. A. as B. that C. which D. what
定语从句语法讲解教学内容
Unit 9语法导学案：定语从句专题讲解 基本概念: 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is th^ouse where h e lived ten years ago. 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who （宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系畐寸词包括where, when，why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语 从句的重要成分。定语从句的谓语动词由先行词来决定。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性 定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that 作主语）The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。 （that作宾语） 2. which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： The buildi ng which sta nds n ear the train stati on is a supermarkets 于火车站附近的那
定语从句的用法(基础讲解)
【真题再现】 1. — What do you think of the school uni forms? ” — Very good. I like clothes _ make me feel comfortable. ” 【贵州贵阳】 A. that B. what 2. There will be a flower show in the park we visited last week. 【广东】 A. who B. whe n C. what D. which 3. — Now many peo pie smoke and get ill. 【广西玉林】 —So we should do someth ing ___ can help stop smok ing. A. what B. who C. / D. that 4. I still remember the time _ we spent together at XiSai mountain last year. 【湖北黄石】 A. whe n B. what C. who D. which 5. One of the most delicious drinks __ I like is orange juice. 【湖北十堰】 A. which B. that C. whose D. whom 6. — There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister? 【湖北随州】 —The one ______ hat is yellow. A. who B. whose C. that D. which 7. We all like the story about the teacher happened in our school last week. 【湖北咸宁】 A. which B. who C. whom D. what 8. The English-Chinese dictionary my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value. 【2012江苏南京】 【用法讲解】 考试要求： 定语从句一般不是中考重点考查内容，大部分地区的中考只要求理解定语从句，但是部分地 区也对定语从句的引导词及定语从句中的主谓一致进行了考查，但是理解定语从句的结构对于准 确理解句子的意思相当重要。 1. 定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。 定语从句的用法 C. who A. whose B. whe n 【答案与解析】 1. A 。考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词 which 或that 。根据句意“你觉得校服怎么样呀？很好， C. who D. that 由于先行词是物，所以引导词用 clothes 是“物”，所以定语从句的引导词用 我 喜欢穿舒服的衣服” 。 which 或that ，而且引导词在 2. D 。考查定语从句引导词的用法。 定语从句中作宾语。 3. D 。定语从句的先行词是不定代词 4. D 。由于定语从句中的先行词是 或which ，故选D 。 5. B 。由于定语从句的先行词 drinks 被形容词最高级修饰，所以引导词只能用 that ，而不用which 。 6. B 。考查定语从句的引导词， 根据句意可知引导词在定语从句中作定语， 修饰hat ，只能选whose 。 7. A 。本题需要准确找出定语从句的先行词 the story ，是指物而不是 指人，所以定语从句的引导词 用which 而不用who 。 someth ing ,所以定语从句的引导词用 that 。 time ，且引导词在从句中作宾语，所以定语从句的引导词用 that 。 that
定语从句在写作中的运用(非常实用)
定语从句在书面表达中的使用 一、定语从句的类型 1．关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。 ①I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon. ②Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting. ③Only those who spare no effort to confront problems can achieve what they long for. ④As an old saying goes, living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass. 2．关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句是指when, where, why引导的定语从句。 ①During holiday seasons, I will live in the countryside, where air is fresh and people are friendly.②I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study 3．“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句 ①Speaking and listening are very important for a language learning, by which you are sure to make great progress. ②I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved. 1．因此，我认为我能得一个高分，这个分数能使我进入一个理想的大学。 ①So I suppose I can get a good mark, ________________________________________________________________________. ②____________________________________________________________________ _.(定语从句)。 3. 分词做状语______________________________________________________________________ 2．我们都喜欢我们的英语老师，我们已向她学习了很多东西。 ①We all like our English teacher.________________________________________________ __. ②_________________________________________________________________________________________.(定语从句) 3．我总是盼望着我独立的那一天。 ①I've always longed for the days, I ________________________________________________. ②____________________________________________________________________________.(定语从句) 4．事实上，我来这儿拜访我叔叔，目前他碰巧在你们城市工作。 ①As a matter of fact, I am here visiting my uncle. ____________________________________________________________________________. ②_______________________________________________________________________.(定语从句) 5．在几次我班的英语活动中我已帮助她，这受到老师和同学的欣赏。 ①I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class. ________________________________. ②I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, ______________________________. 二、定语从句的常用句型 1．As we all know.../As is known to all...众所周知…… 众所周知，小孩和老年人都需要温暖和关心。_________________________________________________________. 2．As sb. puts it...按照某人所说的…… 按照他常说的，大学教育决定一个人的命运。_________________________________________________________ 3．such...as...像……这样的；诸如此类的…… 信不信由你，世界上没有免费午餐之类的事情___________________________________________________________ 4．As the old saying goes, ……常言道…… .常言道，熟能生巧。________________________________________________________________________. 5．the same...as.../the same as...像……一样的 她对他的方式和态度与以前完全一样。Her manner and attitudes towards him were quite the same ___________________________________. 6．one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句……中的一个 据我所知，你妹妹是通过考试的学生之一。__________________________________________________________. 7．the only one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句……中唯一的一个 格林先生是这些工人中唯一被邀请去北京的。________________________________________________________. 1．另外，正如古老的谚语所说，“赠人玫瑰，手有余香”。_____________________________________________.
(新)高中定语从句要点讲解
定语从句三部曲 1. 找出先行词； 2. 确定先行词在从句中的成分：主语，宾语， 状语； 3. 选择正确的关系词。 几个关系代词的基本用法 that that: 可指人或物；可作主语，宾语。 指人时，相当于who或whom； 指物时，相当于which A letter ________ is written in pencil is difficult to read. Do you know the gentleman _________spoke just now? What is the question ________they are talking about? Here is the man ______________you want to see. 只能用that 不能用which的情况 1.先行词为不定代词时：all, much, everything, anything, nothing, something, none, the one. 2.先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等修饰时； 3.先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时； 4.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时； 5.先行词既有人又有物时； 6.先行词是数次时；(two, ten, a hundred) 7.如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免重复； 8.疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复； 9.主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词； 10.被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that。(主语+be+n. /adj.; 主语+系动词+adj.) 即学即用 1. The writer and his novel ____ you have just talked about is really well known . 2. The most important thing ____ should be done right now is how to stop him from going on. 3. The last place ____ we visited was the chemical works. 4. There's nothing ____ can be said about it . 5. This is the third film ____ has been shown in our school this term. 1. Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two ____are still alive.
定语从句易错题及解析
定语从句易错题及解析 1. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _______ in the forest. A. once they grew B. they grew once C. they once grew D. once grew 2. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm, _____ many people have gone home. A. that B. which C. whose time D. by which time 3. Is this the reason _______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained 4. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ______ we would have lost our way. A. it B. that C. this D. which 5. When he was working there he caught a serious illness from _____ effect he still suffers. A. which B. that C. whose D. what 6. It’s said that he’s looking for a new job, ______ he can get more money to support his family. A. when B. where C. that D. which 7. We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 8. The little time we have together we’ll try _____ wisely. A. spending it B. to spend it C. to spend D. spending that 9. The old building, behind _______ was a famous church, was _______ we used to work. A. that, the place B. it, the place C. which, where D. what, where 10. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _______ other visit ors seldom go. A. what B. which C. where D. when 11. The modern history of Italy dates from 1860, ______ the country became united. A. when B. if C. since D. until 12. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _____ in the forest. A. once they grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grew 13. You could see the runners very well from ______ we stood. A. which B. where C. that D. when 14. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which