国际商务英语简要和课后答案
International Business English
Lesson 1
International Business
Business Knowledge:
The major differences between international business and domestic business
A.Differences in legal systems
B.Differences in currencies
C.Differences in cultural background
D.Different in natural and economic conditions
The major types of international business
A. Trade
a. Commodity trade
b. Service trade
B. Investment
a. Foreign direct investment
b. Portfolio investment
C. Other types
a.Licensing and franchising
b.Management contract and contract manufacturing
c.Turnkey project and BOT
Trade Terms:
1.Customs area关税区:
2.Conversion货币兑换
3.Visible trade有形贸易: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting
and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)
4.Invisible trade无形贸易: The form of transportation, communication,
banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible
trade or service industries.
5.FDI外国直接投资: Foreign direct investments. Returns through
controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country. / P.256.One country acquires assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.
6.Portfolio investment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets
for a purpose other than controlling.
7.Stocks股票: Capital stocks or bonds.
8.Bonds债券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise
to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.
9.Maturity（票据等）到期
10.Certificate of deposit大额存单
11.Licensing许可经营: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its
intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. 12.Franchising特许经营: Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to
operate in the name of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.
13.Trade Mark商标
14.Patent专利
15.Royalty专利（许可）使用费，版税
16.Copyright版权
17.Licenser许可方
18.Licensee被许可方
19.Franchiser特许方: A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks,
brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.
20.Franchisee被特许方: A firm is allowed to operate in the name of
another.
21.Management contract管理合同:Under a management contract, one company
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offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume.
22.Value chain价值链
23.Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程: For an international turnkey project,
a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all
the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.
24.BOT建设、经营和移交: Build, Operate, Transfer
25.Expertise专门知识
26.Bonus红利、奖金、津贴
27.Royalty 许可使用费
28.International investment国际投资: Supplying capital by residents of
one country to another.
29.Contract manufacturing承包生产
30.GATT关贸总协定: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
31.International business国际商务: Transaction between parties from
different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.
32.Intellectual property知识产权
33.Oil deposit: 石油储备 = oil reserves
34.the reserves of natural resources 自然资源储备
35.Personal advancement个人的晋升，个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。Answer the following questions:
1.What does international business refer to? Please tell the difference
between international business and domestic business.
A: International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export. Some major differences between international business and domestic business is following:
(1)Differences in legal systems
(2)Differences in currencies
(3)Differences in cultural background
(4)Different in natural and economic conditions
2.Please explain the differences between visible trade and invisible
trade. Which is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade?
A: Visible trade is the form of commodity trade. The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries. The later is become more and more important.
3.Can you cite some examples to illustrate cultural differences in
international business?
A: Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc.
4.Please elaborate on the two categories of international investment.
What is their major difference?
A:FDI (Foreign direct investment) is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country. Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. Such financial assets may be stocks, bonds or certificates of deposit.
5.What is licensing? Why do firms sometimes choose it as a means of
entering a foreign market?
A: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income
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in the form of royalty. Besides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management. The use of licensing is particularly encouraged by high customs duty and non-tariff barriers on the part of the host country.
6.What is franchising? How is it different from licensing?
A: Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty. In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.
7.What is a management contract? Under what conditions is it most
applicable?
A: Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts maybe a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets.
8.What is an international turnkey project? In what way is its variant
BOT different from it?
A: For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion. For a BOT project, a firm operates a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project
Translate the following sentences into English:
1.国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。
International business refers to transaction between parties form different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated the domestic business.
2.随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。
With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.
3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。
Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing and turnkey project.
4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。
International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.
5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。
Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are
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sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market.
Lesson 2
Income Level and the World Market
Business Knowledge:
(1)GNP and GDP
(2)Per capita income and per capita GDP
(3)High-income, middle income and low-income countries
A.Standards for classification
B.Representative countries
(4)Triad and Quad
A.United States
B.Western Europe
C.Japan
D.Canada
(5) Other important markets for China
Trade Terms:
1.GNP国民生产总值: Gross national Product. The market value of goods
and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.
2.GDP国内生产总值: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods
and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.
3.National income国民收入
4.Per capita income人均收入
5.Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值: It is calculated by dividing its total
GDP by its population, which reveals the average income level of consumers.
6.PPP购买力平价: Purchasing power parity
7.Consumerism消费主义
8.Income distribution收入分布: The proportions of its rich, middle
income and poor people.
9.Infra structure基础设施
10.Staple goods大路货
11.Invoice （开）发票
12.Creditor country债权国
13.OECD经合组织，经济合作与开发组织: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
14.The Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体，独立国家联合体
15.ASEAN 东盟，东南亚国家联盟: Association of Southeast Asian Nationals.
16.NIEs（亚洲四小虎）: Newly Industrialized Economies
17.Factors of production生产要素
Answer the following questions:
1. Explain the concepts of GNP and GDP respectively and point out their major difference. Can we use them interchangeably?
A: GNP (Gross national Product) refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) measures the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy. The difference between them is that GNP focuses on ownership of the factors of production while GDP concentrates on the place where production takes place. The difference between GNP and GDP can be ignored since it very small in most cases. Therefore, we can use them interchangeably.
2. In what different ways are GDP and per capita income significant in assessing the potential of a particular market?
A: Total GDP indicates the overall size of an economy, which is important in market assessment for durable equipment or bulk goods (grain, steel or cement). Per capita GDP reveals the average income level of consumers, which is important when marketing consumer durables.
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3. What are meant by high income, middle income, and low-income countries according to the World Bank? Cite some examples for each group.
A:High-income countries: those enjoying annual per capita income of $9386 and above. In this group comprise three types of countries; most members of OECD, rich oil producing countries of the Middle East, small-industrialized countries or regions.
Middle-income countries: those with annual per capita income below $9386 but above $765. Included in this category is most East European countries and most members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, six OECD members, quite a number of Latin American countries and some comparatively developed countries in Asia, South Africa and oil-producing countries in African.
Low-income countries: those that have per capita incomes of only $765 or even less. Most African countries, some Asian countries and a few Latin American countries are included in this group.
4. Why are high-income countries important to trade and investment? Should we neglect low-income countries in international business?
A:High-income countries often have good infrastructure, high purchasing power, and advanced technology, efficient management and favorable environment for trade and investment. They offer prime markets for expensive consumer goods and are both attractive sources and destinations of investment.
In international trade the low-income countries should not be neglected, because they constitute markets for lower-priced staple goods, provide cheap labor and are often rich in resources. Once tapped, the business potential of these countries will one day become real business opportunities.
5.Was China a low-income country a few years ago? How about now?A:China with a per capita income of over $1100 is a middle-income country though it was a low-income country just a few years ago.
6.What does the term “Triad” refers to? What is meant by Quad?
A: The term Triad refers to the three richest regions of the world; the United States, the European Union and Japan that offer the most important business opportunities. The scope of Triad to include Canada and name the broadened grouping Quad.
7. How much do you know about OECD? Please make a brief account.
A:OECD means Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The organization is included 29 members, 23 of them are high-income countries and 6 are middle-income countries. The headquarters is in Paris.
8. What is the best policy for China to develop business opportunities? A: So far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia, India and a bit farther away Australia. These countries or regions either have rich consumers and offer good business opportunities or are developing fast with very promising market potential. And their geographical proximity to China is a great advantage for us in developing business relations with them.
Translate the following sentences into English:
1. 民生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概念。区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。
GNP and GDP are two important concepts used to indicate a country’s total income. The difference between them is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the country where production takes place.
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2. 要评估某一市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里居民的购买力高低提供了线索。
In assessing the potential of a country as a market, people often look at per capita income since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents..
3. 世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域：高收入国家，中等收入国家和低收入国家。
Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high-income, middle-income and low-income economies.
4. 中国现在年人均收入为1100美元以上，但几年前它还是个低收入国家。China with a per capita income of over $1100 is a middle-income country though it was a low-income country just a few years ago.
5. 就中国来说，周围还有其他应特别关注的市场，如亚洲四小虎、东盟国家、俄罗斯等国，这些国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力，能为中国提供很好的商机。As far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia, etc. These countries with very promising market potential and can offer good business opportunities to China.
Lesson 3
Regional Economic Integration
Business Knowledge:
(1) Major objectives of regional integration *
(2) For levels of regional economic integration
A.Free trade area
B.Customs union
https://www.360docs.net/doc/6513596911.html,mon market
D.Economic union (3) European Union (EU)
(4) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
(5) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Trade Terms:
1.Economic integration经济一体化
2.Free trade area自由贸易区: The members remove barriers to trade among
themselves while still adopts each own external policy
3.Customs union关税同盟: The members remove barriers to trade among
themselves and adopt the same external policy
4.Tariff rates关税税率
5.Settlement
6.NAFTA北美自由贸易协定: North American Free Trade Agreement
https://www.360docs.net/doc/6513596911.html,mon market共同市场: The members remove barriers not only to trade
but also to factors of production and adopt the same external policy.
8.Banknotes circulation货币流通
9.Cartel卡塔尔
10.APEC亚太经合组织，亚洲太平洋经济合作组织: Asia Pacific Economic
Cooperation
11.OPEC石油输出国组织: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
12.European Commission欧盟委员会
13.Council of ministers部长理事会
14.Dual-Ministerial Meeting双部长会议
15.Quota Restrictions配额限制
16.Economic Union (EU)经济同盟: The members remove barriers not only to
trade but also to factors of production, adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies and use the same currency.
17.EU欧盟，欧洲联盟: European Union
18.EC欧共体，欧洲共同体: European Community
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国际商务英语 初级 试卷及参考答案
★绝密·考试前严禁任何人翻阅 全国外经贸从业人员考试 国际商务英语等级考试（初级） 试题册 考试时间：2014年5月31日 09:30-11:30 ※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※ 考生姓名： 准考证号： 考点（考区）： 注意事项 一、考生将姓名、身份证号、考试项目、考点（考区）、准考证号填涂在试题册及答题卡（答 题纸）相应位置。 二、考生在规定考试时间内做完试题册上的试题，并将答案填涂在答题卡（答题纸）相应位 置，写在试题册上的答案一律无效。全部答题时间为120分钟。 三、考生在答题卡上作答时，切忌超出答题区域。如因超出区域作答导致答题卡失效，由考 生个人负责。客观题按题号顺序进行填涂，主观题在每题左上角写清题号按顺序作答。 凡因题号不清导致考试成绩有误，由考生个人负责。 四、考生不得将试题册、答题卡（答题纸）带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生方可离 开考场。 五、考生注意对自己的答案保密。若被抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。
★请将答案写在答题卡上，答案写在试卷上无效。 一、客观题（本大题有60小题，每小题1分，共60分） [1-20] Listening: 20%（听力，20分） Section A Directions: Listen to the following dialogue and choose the correct word or words to fill each gap from A,B,C or D. This section accounts for 5 points. Each question will be read twice. Mike: It would be nice to see you again, Mary. Are you free on Sunday evening? Mary: I’ m sorry, I’m not. I’ve got to visit my aunt 1 . Mike: Oh, that’s a pity. Monday’s difficult for me. What about Tuesday evening? Mart: Tuesday’s bad for me as well. I’ve got to go to a meeting. Mike: Wednesday then? Mary: No, Wednesday’s out for me, I’m afraid. I’ve got to 2 and do some work. I really must. Mike: Oh, that’s a shame. Well, I can’t 3 Thursday. What about Friday? Mary: I’m 4 sorry. I’ve got to go out for dinner on Friday. Mike: Have you got to? Can’t you get out of it? Mary: I’m afraid not. I’ve simply got to go. Mike: Well, it looks as if we’ll have to wait till next week then. Mary: Yes, I’m sorry, Mike. Look, I must go now. I have to meet Lisa in ten minutes. Ring me next week 5 . Mike: Fine. Try and keep an evening free for me. 1．A. in the hospital B. in hospital C. in hotel D. in hostel 2．A. stay in B. staying C. stay D. sleep 3．A. make that B. make this C. make D. make it 4．A. outright B. awfully C. really D. totally 5．A. some time B. sometimes C. sometime D. some times Section B Directions: Listen to the following passage and choose the correct word or words to fill each gap from A,B,C or D. This section accounts for 5 points. Each question will be read twice. For international investors, the decision to invest in a foreign country, whether to establish or 6 a plant or a sales network, or to purchase stocks or bonds, is a difficult one. Before they make the decision to invest abroad, international investors will have to make sure that the
新编国际商务英语阅读教程译文
新编国际商务英语阅读教程译文 第一单元国际贸易理论 重商主义 世界上第一个国际贸易理论——重商主义，产生于16世纪中期。重商主义宣 称金银是一国财富的支柱，是繁荣商业所不可或缺的。当时，金银是国家间的贸易 货币，出口国赚取金银，同样从他国进口货物，导致金银的外流。重商主义认为出 口大于进口从而保持贸易顺差是一国的根本利益。这样，一国积累金银，最终使国 家财富增加，国家地位得以提升。正如1930年，英国重商主义学者托马斯?孟所说: 增加一国财富的最普遍的做法是对外贸易，而且我们必须遵守这样的规则:每 年出口产品的价值要大于进口产品的价值。 遵循这一说法，重商主义提倡政府干涉，以确保贸易顺差。重商主义认为大量 的贸易额并没有什么益处。他们建议颁布政策以扩大出口，限制进口。具体做法可 以是对进口施加关税和对配额进行限制，对出口则给予补贴。 1752年古典经济学 家大卫?休谟指出了重商主义学说的缺陷。据休谟所说，如果英国对法国贸易顺差(即出口大于进口)，相应的金银的流入会导致英国国内货币供应充足，从而产生通 货膨胀。而法国会因为金银的外流产生相反的效应——通货紧缩，价格降低。英法 之间相对价格的变化将促使法国的进口商购买的英国货物数量减少(因为英国货物 变得昂贵)，英国的进口商将购买更多法国的货物(因为法国货物价格降低)。结 果，英国贸易收支状况不断恶化，法国贸易收支逐步得到改善，这种情况一直持续 到英国的顺差被抵消。因此，休谟认为，长期来看，没有国家能够如重商主义者所 想象的那样保持贸易顺差。 除了休谟指出的缺陷之外，重商主义的另一缺限在于其视国际贸易为零和博弈(零和博弈是指一国得益必导致另一国受损)。亚当?斯密和大卫?李嘉图指出了重商
21世纪大学商务英语综合教程第三册课文英汉对照翻译ByMJX
UNIT1 Free Trade Has Enriched the World with More than Diverse Goods 自由贸易给世界带来的不仅是丰富多彩的商品 By Daniel Griswold Tune in to cable TV, talk radio, or the blogosphere and you will soon be hit over the head with the message that free trade is destroying America. According to the economic populists on the left and right, the wages, jobs, and futures of Main Street Americans are being sacrificed daily to the gods of globalization.只要打开有线电视、收音机或博客网，你很快就会惊讶地获悉：自由贸易正在摧毁美国。据左右两派经济民粹主义者所说，美国普通老百姓的工资、工作和未来天天都在被当作供品献祭给全球化的神明们。 On trade, as on so much else, the populists have it wrong again. Free trade and globalization are great blessings to American families. Trade is delivering lower prices and more variety to consumers, especially the poor, while creating better paying jobs for the middle class. Beyond the US shores, the spread of economic openness is building a more peaceful, democratic and humane world for our children.就像在其他许多事情上一样，这些民粹主义者们在贸易问题上又搞错了。自由贸易与全球化对美国家庭来说是种种福音。贸易在为中产阶级创造了许多薪酬丰厚的工作岗位的同时，也为消费者（尤其是穷人）带来了价格低廉、品种多样的商品。席卷美国内外的经济开放浪潮正在为我们的孩子们创建一个更为和谐、民主和人性化的世界。 Now it may seem an odd moment to tout the benefits of trade for Main Street America. After all, unemployment is nearing 10 percent, manufacturing is in a slump, and global poverty is rising. But those are all the result of the current recession, a downturn that was not caused by trade but by misguided monetary and housing policies that were “Made in the USA”.看起来，现在吹嘘贸易给美国百姓带来好处似乎并不合时宜。毕竟，目前的失业率几乎高达10%，制造业也处于萧条之中，而全球范围的贫困在不断加剧。但是，那些问题都是眼前的经济衰退所带来的后果，这是一种经济下滑现象，它不是由贸易、而是由“美国制造”的错误的货币政策和房地产政策造成的。 During difficult economic times, import competition allows American families to keep their heads above water by delivering lower prices on staples such as food, clothing, and shoes. The prices we pay for goods exposed to global trade tend to rise more slowly than inflation, or even fall. The expansion of product variety alone from trade delivers an estimated 400 billion a year in benefits to American families because of increased consumer satisfaction, according to a 2004 study by Christian Broda and David E. Weinstein for the National Bureau of Economic Research.在经济困难时期，进口竞争给美国家庭带来了大量诸如食品、服装和鞋类等物美价廉的日常必需品，才使得他们不致于陷入灭顶之灾。我们为受全球化贸易影响的物品所支付价格的上涨速度往往比通货膨胀的涨幅更慢，或者说，价格甚至反而下降。根据“（美国）国家经济研究局”克里斯汀·布洛达和大卫.E.威恩斯特于2004年所做的一项研究，由于消费者满意度的提升，仅产品的品种扩展这一项每年就给美国家庭带来约四千亿美元的实惠。 No consumer benefit proportionally more from trade than the poor, and nobody suffers more from existing trade barriers. The imported fresh fruit and vegetables, T-shirts and discounted sneakers sold at big-box retailers loom especially large in the budgets of poor and middle-class families. Perversely, the highest remaining US trade barriers are aimed at products that are disproportionately made by poor people abroad and consumed by poor people at home. The 25 billion the US government collects each year through import tariffs is the most regressive tax in the federal arsenal. According to a study by the Progressive Policy Institute, a single mother earning 20,000 a year pays a much higher share of her income for import duties than a manager
国际商务英语试题(一)
广东外语外贸大学公开学院辅导资料 国际商务英语试卷（一） 课程代码：05844 I. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%） 1.International business 2.GDP 3.Free trade area 4.Multinational corporation 5.Specialization 6.specific duty 7.roll on roll off 8.EDI 9.article number 10.auction Ⅱ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English （10%） 11.返倾销 12.最惠国条款 13.贴现 14.充分就业 15.保兑信用证 16.零库存 17.代位，取代 18.保护主义 19.免除条款（豁免条款） 20.证券交易所 Ⅲ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right （10%） 21.contracting party a. amount above what is estimated as necessary 22.gilts b. a business concern owned or controlled in whole or in part by another concern 23.cyclical c. recurring in cycles 24.affiliate d. stocks issued by government 25.legal action e. an action taken against some one in accordance with the law. 26.margin f. a country or firm that signs a legal agreement 27.pooling g. a trace of land including its buildings 28.verified data h. a set of international rules for the interpretation of
国际商务英语阅读教程(第四版)-期末复习
Unit 1~2 Mercantilism 重商主义 Neomeicantilist 新重商主义者 Trade surplus 贸易顺差 Quota and tariff 配额和关税 Government intervention 政府干预 Zero-sum game 零和博弈 Positive-sum game 常和博弈 The theory of absolute advantage 绝对优势理论 The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论 Factor endowments 要素禀赋理论 Product life cycle 产品生命周期（+theory ……理论） Economies of scale 规模经济 Diminishing returns 收益递减规律 Green revolution 绿色革命 Voluntary restriction 自动出口限制 Deposit 佣金 First mover advantage 先占优势 Barrier to entry 进入(市场)壁垒 Porter’s diamond theory 波特的钻石理论 National competitive advantage 国家竞争优势 The department of commerce 商务部 Letter of credit 信用证 Draft /bill of exchange 汇票 bill of lading B/L 提单 Sight draft 即期汇票 Time draft 远期汇票 Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑（+bill …汇票） Trade acceptance 商业承兑汇票 Countertrade 对等贸易 Barter 易货贸易 Switch trading 转手贸易 Offset 抵消 Counter purchase 互购贸易 Compensation trade 补偿贸易 Mercantilism suggests that it is in a country’s best interest to maintain a trade surplus -- to export more than it imports（重商主义就是保持贸易顺差以实现一国的最大利益---出口超过进口） Mercantilism advocates government intervention(介入) to achieve a surplus in the balance of trade （重商主义主张政府介入以便实现对外贸易顺差） It views trade as a zero-sum game - one in which a gain by one country results in a loss by another （将贸易看成零和博弈，一个国家收益一个国家受损） Absolute Advantage 绝对优势 Adam Smith argued that a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country in producing it 亚当斯密认为一个国家生产一种商品比其他任何国家效率都高时存在绝对优势 According to Smith, countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries 按照亚当斯密的说法，各国应该专门生产具有绝对优势的商品，然后用他们交换其他国家生产的商品 The Benefit（好处） of Absolute Advantage and Free Trade The Principle for International Division of Labor–Absolute Advantage 国际分工的原则---绝对优势 The Consequence（结果） of Division of Labor and Free Trade 分工的结果和自由贸易 1. To Production: the Flow of the Factor of Production 生产要素的流动； the Efficiency of Factor Distribution 要素分配效率；the Quantity of Production 产品质量。 2. To Consumer: Welfare from Free Trade自由贸易福利: low price of imports and more consumption 低价格的进口更多的消费 Comparative Advantage比较优势 Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage suggests that countries should specialize in the production of those goods they produce most efficiently and buy goods that they produce less efficiently from other countries, even if this means buying goods from other countries that they could produce more efficiently at home李嘉图的比较优势理论认为一个国家分工生产最有效率的产品，而从别国购买自己生产效率相对较低的产品，
新编国际商务英语函电课后习题句子翻译
（五）：1、As you will see in our price list,we have offered very competitive prices,supplying you our best quality goods.We solicit that you will favor us with your orders,which shall always have our best attention.贵公司将会从我方价格表中看到，我方向贵公司提供了价廉物美的商品。敬请贵公司向我方订货，我方会精心关照。 2、We should very much like to help you in thismatter,but we have already cut our prices down to the absolute minimum.We think you will find that our competitors are offering a product of cousiderably lower quality in order to compete at this price.我们很乐意帮助你们，但是我们已将价格降到最低限度。你们将会发现：本公司的竞争者是在以大幅度降低产品质量的方式来压低价格。 3.谢谢你方3月10日来函。从信中我们获悉你方希望得到我方梅林牌罐头食品 的报盘。Thank you for your letter of March 10,form which we have learned that you hope to receive our offer for “Meiling”brand canned goods. 4..我们从贵公司8月20日来函中得知你放打算向我方订购二万公吨化肥 我们很高兴的报价如下。We have learned form your letter dated August 20 that you are going to place an order with us for 20000 metric tons of chemical fertilizers.We are pleased to quote as follows. .5.兹复你方7月8日函 我们现向你方作如下报盘 以我方最后确认为准。In reply to your letter of July 8 ,we are now making you the following offer,subject to our final confirmation. 6.供你放参考 我方价格合理 中东地区许多顾客已经接受该价格。For your reference ,our price is reasonable and a lot of customers in the Middle East have accepted the price. 7.复你方9月10日信 我们乐意向你方报盘如下 以北京时间10月15日前复 到为有效。In reply to your letter of September 10,we are pleased to make you an offer as follows,subject to your reply reaching here before October15,Beijing time. （六）:1.贵公司可能注意到了原材料价格的上涨趋势，种种迹象表明这种趋势将持续下去。在此情况下，沃恩想提醒你们，在近期内不可能再有相同的报盘。You may have observed an upward tendency in the prices of raw materials,which has every indication of being maintained.Under the circumstances,we would like to remind you that a similar offer in the near future is mosltl unlikely. （七）：我们希望向你们订购30罗红花牌手表 4月装运。这些货物选自你们2月2 日来信及产品目录。We wish to place an order with you for 30 gross”Red Flower”brand watches for April shipment .The goods have been chosen from your catalogue sent to us together with your letter of February 2. 你方6月15日订购2000公斤中国安哥拉兔毛的第P81号订单收悉。谢谢。我们欢迎你们成为我们的新客户。We thank you for your Order No.P81 dated June 15 for 2000 kilograms of Chinese Angora Rabbit Hair and welcome you as one of our new customers. 最近我们对山地自行车需求甚殷 我们不能保证新订货在6月30日之前交付。The recent exceptional demand for our mountain bicycles makes it impossible for us to promise delivery of any new orders before June 30. 我们已接受你方第FG16号订单订购货号第338号红玫瑰牌浴巾9000打。请即告知颜色搭配。并按第S-98号销售合同开立以我当为受益人的有关信用证。Your order No.FG 16for 9000dozen of “Red Rose”brand bath towels Art.No.338 has been booked.Please let us know the colour assortment at once and open the covering L/C in our favour according to Sales Contract No.S-98. 关于你方3月20 日的e-mail 我们乐意通知你方我们已接受了你方订购2500打天坛牌男
国际商务英语函电答案.doc
国际商务英语函电答案【篇一：世纪商务英语外贸函电(第二版)课后习题答案】 letter 1.at, of, with, in, for letter 2.from, into, with, of, to p40 https://www.360docs.net/doc/6513596911.html,rming, interesting, dealing, sample, details, quality, prices, applied, items, inquiry unit 3 p55 letter 1.from, for, by, with, on letter 2.with, in, of, in, from p56 2.referring, established, cost, quality, opinion, responsibility, part, satisfied, information, decision unit 4 p71 letter 1. to, of, at, in, by letter 2.with, in, with, for, with p73 2.advertisement, leading, interested, details, dealers, line, market, replying, over, item unit 5 p88 letter 1.for, with, at, by, to letter 2.for, for, by, at, by/under p89 2.inquiring, quotation, receipt, subject, confirmation, discount, catalogue, brochure, separate, appreciate unit 6 p105 letter 1.of, on, in, with, to letter 2.of, in, by, for, at p106 2.offer, regret, price, sold, level, difference, transaction, counter-offer, samples, acceptance unit 7 p122 letter 1.to, of, of, in, for,
国际商务英语教程第三版14-20单元课后答案
14. I.1.Get letters, documents and packages delivered overnight. 2.Handle nearly 2 million packages and documents per day 3.Own a large number of airplanes, trucks and vans for handling delivery 4.Ensure that most of its flights arrive within fifteen minutes of schedule https://www.360docs.net/doc/6513596911.html,e a combination of direct services and independent contractors for international deliveries 6.Promote the company's record of efficiency and on time delivery 7.Face intense competition from electronic mail 8.Businesses need to be able to communicate quickly with employees around the world 9.Offer international service to over one hundred countries 10.An adverse impact which losses in international operations have on a firm's earnings 11.Increase a company's fixed costs of international operations 12.Experience poor sales performance due to very stiff competition 13.Have difficulty in building a global infrastructure to support its operations 14.Try to improve its services through more sophisticated computers II.1.Businesses and individuals in the United States and the whole world benefit greatly from the overnight letter,document and package delivery service handled by Federal Express. 2.Federal Express has up-do-date means of transport,highly efficient service centers and facilities, and loyal and hardworking employees, which ensures the quick and punctual fulfillment of its delivery service. 3.To promote its delivery service, Federal Express motivates its employees by offering them excellent training and compensation, so that they have very high level of service and efficiency. 4.Despite its remarkable business performance, Federal Express is faced with fierce competition from its rivals in its business operations, with the result of a considerable loss of its market share. 5.Although it has experienced many difficulties and setbacks in its business operations, Federal Express is convinced that, by improving its service through more sophisticated computers and customer relations, it can certainly succeed in attaining further overseas expansion. Revision Exercises(LL.8-14) I.1.in 2.in 3.with 4.for 5.to 6.of 7.on 8.in 9.to 10.with 11.on 12.with 13.from 14.of 15.by 16.in II.1.along with 2.importers 3.ensure 4.advertise 5.establishing 6.existing 7.blueprint 8.in contrast with 9.in spite of 10.was subject to 11.were aimed at 12.are likely to 13.prevailing 14.affect 15.regardless of 16.extent III.1.the government will provide them with preferential loans and relatively
剑桥国际商务英语教案
New international business English Lesson One Face to Face 1.1 first impressions (1st class) Note: situation analysis 1. your role, you are a visitor, you are a stranger for the people greeting you, you meet them for the first time. 2. the place, now you are in an office , a business situation and this office is an unfamiliar office 3. these people greeting you, the visitor, are not all the receptionist, some are people who happen to be in the office when you arrive. A. 1. self- introduction under business situation (you’re not a student any more, you’re an export clerk, secretary, or sales manager and so on). 5 Sts 2. let’s look at these pictures, these pictures show us different expressions of different people. Could you answer 2 questions of PPT just according to their expressions on their faces? 1) Which person seems the most welcoming? The person of picture 3 and picture 10. Because they smile so pleasantly, sincerely, and friendly 2) Which person seems the most unfriendly? The person of picture 5 and 9. Because the person of picture 5 seemingly would not like to see you, moreover looks like so indifferent, impatient. And the one of picture 9 looks so off-hand, and unhelpful. From this, we can know expression is vital of the first impression, without saying any word, you can give a good or bad first impression on people. So nice smile and friendly eye contact are the most important things if you want to give a good first impression on other people. B. Then l et’s listen to the recording, the order of the recording is the same as the order of the picture, from the one to ten. Discuss the questions of PPT. 1. The man in extract 5 says things so quickly and shortly, and the tone of his voice make him seemingly be rude. He is brusque/abrupt. The woman in extract 9 sounds off-hand, indifferent or causal. And language: YES? WHO? Informal language. All makes her particularly impolite 2. the language they use. We had better use the formal language. The tone of voice, we’d better use the tone which makes our voice sound friendly, hospitable. If you are greeted by the woman in extract 9, you’re sure be given a bad first impression by the woman, so as to give a bad impression on the company’s image. Giving a good impression reflects your company’s image(no company wants its customers to think it’s unpleasant) If you start off a relationship in a friendly, pleasant way, it’s likely to go on in the same way, which will be to every one’s advantage. C. I hear they’re calling for thunder storms all weekend