扩展商务英语视听说1_8单元答案解析

Unit 1

Part I Listening and Speaking

Task 1

Q1.

I am graduating in June from ABC University and my major is hotel management. I am an outgoing, energetic person. I enjoy teamwork very much. As part of my degree program, I needed to finish different projects with my teammates. I possess excellent interpersonal skills and a very positive attitude. My career aspiration is to become a successful hotelier. During my internship at the Grand Hyatt, I worked as a receptionist. My duties included offering friendly and efficient check-in and check-out service to guests, answering phone calls, taking and passing on messages to guests, I find that if I can make the guests happy, I will be very happy, too. Q2.

I received honors in several school-wide English and computer contests.

I enjoy working with people from different backgrounds. I am good at communicating, organizing and coordinating. If something blocks my path, I will look for a solution. I never give up easily.

Sometimes I receive comments that I need to improve in the area of filing. I am now trying to improve by learning from others.

Q3.

Interest and career development are two of my criteria in choosing a job. Interest is the best motivation. I love the hotel business, so I will definitely devote myself to it. Moreover, high job satisfaction can be attained when the job is what I am interested in.

Career development is very important for me when choosing a job. From what I know, Shangri-La provides equal career advancement for all staff. The job rotation plan and individually tailored training program are really exciting and helpful for young people like me.

Task 2

Is that your wife, Mr. Carter? She is so beautiful.

Avoid asking interviewer personal questions or making personal comments. Could you tell me how much the new job pays?

The interviewer might infer from these questions that you are only interested in your own needs and not those of their company. Wait until the employer raises these subjects to discuss them.

What about the paid holidays, insurance, and things like that?

How much time will it take for me to be promoted here?

But in which cities do you have your branches? And where is your company based?

It is also unwise to ask about things you should have already known. You are only telling the interviewer that you haven't done your homework.

Part II Language Focus

Name: Cai Ning

Personality: serious-minded; calm; humorous; easy-going

Strengths: the ability to work with all types of people

Weakness: perfectionist; impatient

Work experience: six years’ financial industry experience with several companies; two years’ experience in an investment bank

Qualification: graduated from Peking University in 2001 majoring in accounting; fluent English; bookkeeping and accounting proficiency in English.

Reasons for leaving last job: want to find a job that is challenging. Questions about the job: W ould I be able to work abroad in one of your overseas branches?

Part III Viewing and Speaking

Video 1

Reasons for joining the company It is one of the leading international consultant corporations which came to China after China entered WTO.Working in this company would give him the best chance to use what he has learned at university.

Relevant work experience He was involved in a factory restoration in Nanjing. Questions Are there any opportunities for Chinese employees to be

transferred to the head office in New York or other branch

offices around the world?

Result of the interview Chen Bo will be notified of the final decision by Friday.

Video 2

1. F T F F T

2. 1) Sales Manager

2) Five

3) Brand Manager

4) biscuits

5) Business Administration

6) oral English

IV Case Analysis

Hint:

She is not likely to get the job because she did poorly in the job interview.

Things went wrong:

1. Use filler words (“you know”) too many times.

2. Bad-mouth former employer.

3. Inappropriate answers to interviewer’s questions, eg, “I would rather like to establish my own company”

4. Ask inappropriate questions, eg. “Can I take time off for vacation?”

5. Self-conceit—“I have no weakness”.

6. Too much emphasis on travel.

Scripts Unit 2

Part I Listening and Speaking

Task 1

1) I haven’t seen you for years.

2) What do you do now?

3) I’m in the Research and Development Department.

4) I knew you’d do something very challenging and creative.

5) I sometimes stay in the office after work to deal with unfinished tasks.

6) I am still the accountant of that cosmetics company.

Task 2

1) personnel management

2) developing markets

3) planning

4) execution

5) sales targets

6) team performance

7) customer base

8)customer satisfaction

9)selecting, developing and managing

10)cost-effective

11)on time

12)of good quality

13) human and material resources

14)training needs

15)continuous improvement

Part II Viewing and Speaking

Video 1

1.Caroline Clinton: financial accounts

Lucy White: data processing

Ada Balck: management accounts

2. Administration; Marketing; Engineering; Project Preparation;

Accounting

Video 2

1. self-employed entrepreneur, buyer, Line Supervisor,

Advertising Executive, Public Relations Manager

Names Likes Dislikes

Jerome making a lot more money; having lots of independence in doing things feeling tired sometimes

Robin having been to a lot of places too much traveling; having very little time to

spend with his family

Colin good salary and benefits noisy work environment; seldom having the

opportunity to go out

Frank new challenges; a lot of experience

Janet meeting a lot of new & interesting people often having dinner parties in the evening; having little time with her family and baby

Unit 3

Part I Warm-up

1) ensure smooth business communication

2) the purpose of your call

3) all the documents you’ll need

4) schedule a specific time

5) all distractions.

6) confirm that you have understood each point.

7) interruptions.

8) strong accent.

9) you sound polite and agreeable.

10) the optional choice method,

11) lengthy calls.

12) smile while you are talking.

Part II Listening and Speaking

Task 1

F F T T F T F F

Task 2 Leaving a message

Message Note

To: Louise Paulson

From: Paul Jackson

Phone: 979-326-8965

Message: Ring back to him about the order they placed last

Friday. They have to make some changes to the order. It’s

urgent.

Taken by: Roy

Part III Viewing & Speaking

Video 1

1. F F T T F

2. Message 1) Will you tell him that we’ve just received your sample

of the new assembly coffee table and are quite happy with it?

Message 2) Please tell Mr. Matthews we’re quite happy with the quality and design of the table, but the price is too high. We need some negotiation on it.

Message 3) Please inform Mr. Matthews that I won’t be able to get to your company early on Saturday because of the rail strike. I probably won’t arrive until that afternoon.

Video 2

1) A 2)C 3) C 4) C 5) B 6) C

1) “Hold on, please. I’ll connect you.”

2) “I’m afraid you’ve dialed the wrong extension.”

3) “Oh, sorry to have interrupted you. Can you give me Henry Miller’s extension, please?”

4) “I’m very sorry, I didn’t notice that. I’ll put you through right now. Please wait a minute.”

5) “It’s me again—Ms. Mandel. I’m still having trouble getting through to Henry Miller… Can you help?”

6) “Oh, I’m terribly sorry for the trouble.”

Unit4

Task 1

Formal

*Good afternoon, I’d like to call the meeting to order.

* First of all, let’s discuss…

Informal

*OK, everyone is here…

*So, why don’t we start with…

Informal

* Right, you know why we are here.

* Maybe we should do it like this…

Formal

*Welcome to BCG, and to what I am sure will be the beginning of a major new alliance.

* Today our purpose is to…

Informal

*Right, let’s get down to business…

* I suggest we deal with that…

Formal

*Well, gentleman, it’s a pleasure to be here today…

*I’d like to start with…

Task 2

1) Arrive at the meeting ahead of schedule.

2) Consider using a tape recorder.

3) Use a consistent format.

4) Follow the agenda.

5) Be concise.

6) List specific outcomes.

7) After the meeting, write a meeting report from your notes.

Part II Viewing & Speaking

Video 1

F F F T F

Video 2

1) To figure out the reason for the sales drop and the actions to be taken.

2) The salespeople are not very motivated.

3) No, because the sales quotas are pretty high.

4) He proposes to lower the quotas.

Unit 5

Part I Listening and Speaking

Task 1

C B B C A

Task 2

1)daily routine in the office

2)whether the visitor has an appointment or not

3)greet the visitor

4)the visitor’s name, title and position

5)apologize and make some suggestions

6)express regret and explain why

7)date, time, name and the firm the visitor works for.

8)considerate and warm

9)keep the visitor fully informed of the situation.

Part II Viewing and Speaking

Video 1

1) George is travelling on business.

2）He will stay for about a week.

3）He has been invited to attend the trade fair by his business associates.

4) His laptop computer is in the bag. It’s duty-free.

5) No, good for personal use rather than commercial use are not subject to duty, and they are within the limit.

Video 2

1.F

2. T

3.F

4.F

5.F

6.F

7.T

8.F

9.T 10.F

Unit 6

Part I Listening and Speaking

Task 1

1. we are hiring for

2. business software and consulting services

3. 4,000

4. large corporations

5. 90 million dollars

6. pretty fast

7. 29

8. a large project for a bank

Task 2

Company Profile

1) Monica Li

2) Manager of the PR Department of Oracle China

3) enterprise software company in the world the first

4) global software giant in China

5) 1977

6) California

7) 42,000

8) 11 billion dollars

9) 1989; set up Beijing Oracle Software Systems Co.Ltd in

10) 1991.

11) Chengdu.

12) education and support services.

Part II Viewing and Speaking

Video 1

B A D E C

Video 2

The things that Joan Copper does badly

1.She doesn`t consider the audience

2.She doesn`t have clear objectives

3.Her presentation isn`t well-prepared

4.There isn`t a clear structure (beginning, body, end)

5.she doesn`t speak clearly

6.she doesn`t speak at the right speed

7.she doesn`t maintain eye contact with the audience

8.she doesn`t appear confident and positive

9.the visual aids aren`t clear and helpful

10.she doesn`t use the equipment professionally

Unit 7

Part I Listening and Speaking

Task 1

120CM 130CM

43KG 54KG 6KM/H

1.smaller

2.people-friendly

3.arm movement

4.heavier

5.its controller

6.at will

7.total control

8.turn

Task 2

Small and elegant

Easy to set up: all you need is a touch-tone phone ;as easy to use as making a normal telephone call

Full-color motion video; adjustable picture setting; good audio quality; preview mode; privacy mode

On a special offer

Part II Viewing and Speaking

Task 1

1.Price

2.discount

3.after-sales service 3.money-back guarantee

4.delivery

5.warranty

Task 2

商务英语视听说原文与答案

商务英语视听说原文与答案 Document number【980KGB-6898YT-769T8CB-246UT-18GG08】

S c r i p t s U n i t1 Part II Listening and Speaking Task 1 FAQs in job interview Comments on the three questions: Point for Q 1: Tell me something about yourself. Sample answers: Q1. I am graduating in June,2015 from Guangdong University of Finance and my major is financial secretary. I am an outgoing, energetic person. I enjoy teamwork very much. As part of my degree program, I needed to communicate with different peopel. I possess excellent interpersonal skills and a very positive attitude. My career aspiration is to become a successful secretary. During my internship at one company, I worked as a secretary. My duties included offering friendly and efficientschedule to my boss, answering phone calls, taking and passing on messages to my boss. Q2. I received honors in several Financial management and computer contests. I am good at communicating, organizing and coordinating. I like to get along well with people from different something blocks my path, I will look for a solution. I never give up easily. Sometimes I receive comments that I need to improve in the area of filing. I am now trying to improve by learning from others. Q3. Interest and career development are two of my criteria in choosing a job. Interest is the best motivation. I love to be a secretary, so I will definitely devote myself to it. Moreover, high job satisfaction can be attained when the job is what I am interested in. Career development is very important for me when choosing a job. From what I know, Shangri-La provides equal career advancement for all staff. The job rotation plan and individually tailored training program are really exciting and helpful for young people like me. Task 2 Inappropriate questions in job interview Script: M: Come in, please. W: Good morning, sir. I’m Karen Yang. M: Good morning, Miss Yang. I’m Kevin Carter, the Administration Manager. Take a seat, please. W: Oh, is that your wife, Mr. Carter She is so beautiful. M: Thank you. Ah… Miss Yang, I’ve gone through your resume. I’d like to ask you some questions now, if you don’t mind. W: Of course not. please go ahead. M: Well, can you tell me why you would like to work as a medical representative with us

商务英语翻译试题(二)试卷及答案-2

商务英语翻译试题（二） Ⅰ词汇测试题：（2题，每题10分，共20分） 1．该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组，下面均有英文词或词组来进行解释。请将正确的选项标出，要求英英转换意义准确，符合商务英语规范。（10分） (1) promote A. to encourage the popularity, sale or development B. to change or vary C. to act as judge in an argument D. to speak or write to someone (2) to address A. to speak or write to someone, or to direct information at someone. B. to offer, supply C. to stipulate D. to come up with ideas (3) to indemnify A. to pay for the damage B. to state something officially C. to suggest an idea D. to use something instead of another (4) to cancel an order A. to confirm an order B. to deliver a letter C. to recommend a candidate D. to make void or of no effect (5) ceiling A. upper limit B. cancellation C. bottom D. the lowest point (6) tide over A. to help sb. during a period of difficulty B. to spend a lot of time doing C. to tie to sth. D. to try one’s best (7) carry out A. to take away B. to perform or complete C. to give or offer something D. to suggest an idea (8) to complicate A. to finish something B. to be dissatisfied with something C. to make something more difficult to deal with D. to compare with something (9) to put on an event A. to come up with ideas B. to come on for sth. 2

商务英语-邮件常用语

外企工作邮件中必用100句 1. I am writing to confirm/enquire/inform you... 我发邮件是想找你确认/询问/想通知你有关… 2. I am writing to follow up on our earlier decision on the marketing campaign in Q2. 我写邮件来是为了跟进我们之前对第二季度营销活动的决定。 3. With reference to our telephone conversation today... 关于我们今天在电话中的谈话… 4. In my previous e-mail on October 5... 在之前10月5日所写的邮件中提到… 5. As I mentioned earlier about... 在先前我所提到的关于… 6. As indicated in my previous e-mail... 如我在之前邮件中所提到的… 7. As we discussed on the phone... 如我们上次在电话中所说的… 8. from our decision at the previous meeting... 如我们在上次会议中所决定的… 9. as you requested... 根据贵方要求… 10. In reply to your e-mail dated April 1，we decided... 回复贵方4月1日的邮件，我方决定… 11. This is in response to your e-mail today. 这是对您今早发来的邮件的回复。 12. As mentioned before, we deem this product has strong unique selling points in china. 如先前所述，我们认为这个产品在中国有强有力且独一无二的销售点。 13. As a follow-up to our phone conversation yesterday, I wanted to get back to you about the pending issues of our agreement. 追踪我们昨天在电话中所谈，我想答复你我们合约的一些待解决的议题。 14. I received your voice message regarding the subject. I'm wondering if you can elaborate i.e. provide more details. 我收到了你关于这个主题的留言。我在想您你是否可以再详尽的说明一下，也就是再提供多一点相关细节。 15. Please be advised/informed that... 请被告知... 16. Please note that... 请注意... 17. We would like to inform you that... 我们想要通知你... 18. I am convinced that... 我确信... 19. We agree with you on... 我们同意你在...的看法。 20. With effect from 4 Oct., 2008... 从2008年10月4日开始生效... 21. We will have a meeting scheduled as noted below... 我们将举行一个会议，会议时间表如下。

商务英语视听说答案

扩展商务英语视听说1-8单元答案 Unit 1 Part I Listening and Speaking Task 1 Q1. I am graduating in June from ABC University and my major is hotel management. I am an outgoing, energetic person. I enjoy teamwork very much. As part of my degree program, I needed to finish different projects with my teammates. I possess excellent interpersonal skills and a very positive attitude. My career aspiration is to become a successful hotelier. During my internship at the Grand Hyatt, I worked as a receptionist. My duties included offering friendly and efficient check-in and check-out service to guests, answering phone calls, taking and passing on messages to guests, I find that if I can make the guests happy, I will be very happy, too. Q2. I received honors in several school-wide English and computer contests. I enjoy working with people from different backgrounds. I am good at communicating, organizing and coordinating. If something blocks my path, I will look for a solution. I never give up easily. Sometimes I receive comments that I need to improve in the area of filing. I am now trying to improve by learning from others. Q3. Interest and career development are two of my criteria in choosing a job. Interest is the best motivation. I love the hotel business, so I will definitely devote myself to it. Moreover, high job satisfaction can be attained when the job is what I am interested in. Career development is very important for me when choosing a job. From what I know, Shangri-La provides equal career advancement for all staff. The job rotation plan and individually tailored training program are really exciting and helpful for young people like me. Task 2 Is that your wife, Mr. Carter? She is so beautiful. Avoid asking interviewer personal questions or making personal comments. Could you tell me how much the new job pays? The interviewer might infer from these questions that you are only interested in your own needs and not those of their company. Wait until the employer raises these subjects to discuss them.

商务英语翻译测试题及答案

商务英语翻译测试题及答案集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of words italicized.(15%) 1. The above quoted are the articles in great demand, which have won a high reputation in various markets. 2. The articles in this agreement must not be modified and ended

without the agreement by the both parties. 3. However, the tariff should not be greater in amount than the margin of price caused by dumping. 4. As usual, the lion’s share of the budget is for defense. 5. He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.

II. Translate the following sentences with extension.(15%) 1. There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of Hitler. 2.China, which posted its highest growth rate in a decade, is Asia’s new star performer. 3. John took to his studies eagerly, and proved an adept pupil.

商务英语视听说原文和答案解析

商务英语视听说答案.docx

扩展商务英语视听说1-8 单元答案 Unit 1 Part I Listening and Speaking Task 1 Q1. I am graduating in June from ABC University and my major is hotel management. I am an outgoing, energetic person. I enjoy teamwork very much. As part of my degree program, I needed to finish different projects with my teammates. I possess excellent interpersonal skills and a very positive attitude. My career aspiration is to become a successful hotelier. During my internship at the Grand Hyatt, I worked as a receptionist. My duties included offering friendly and efficient check-in and check-out service to guests, answering phone calls, taking and passing on messages to guests, I find that if I can make the guests happy, I will be very happy, too. Q2. I received honors in several school-wide English and computer contests. I enjoy working with people from different backgrounds. I am good at communicating, organizing and coordinating. If something blocks my path, I will look for a solution. I never give up easily. Sometimes I receive comments that I need to improve in the area of filing. I am now trying to improve by learning from others. Q3. Interest and career development are two of my criteria in choosing a job. Interest is the best motivation. I love the hotel business, so I will definitely devote myself to it. Moreover, high job satisfaction can be attained when the job is what I am interested in. Career development is very important for me when choosing a job. From what I know, Shangri-La provides equal career advancement for all staff. The job rotation plan and individually tailored training program are really exciting and helpful for young people like me. Task 2 Is that your wife, Mr. Carter? She is so beautiful. Avoid asking interviewer personal questions or making personal comments. Could you tell me how much the new job pays?

商务英语视听说答案解析

英语答案 Scripts Unit 1 Part II Listening and Speaking Task 1 FAQs in job interview Sample answers: Q1. I am graduating in June from ABC University and my major is hotel management. I am an outgoing, energetic person. I enjoy teamwork very much. As part of my degree program, I needed to finish different projects with my teammates. I possess excellent interpersonal skills and a very positive attitude. My career aspiration is to become a successful hotelier. During my internship at the Grand Hyatt, I worked as a receptionist. My duties included offering friendly and efficient check-in and check-out service to guests, answering phone calls, taking and passing on messages to guests, I find that if I can make the guests happy, I will be very happy, too. Q2. I received honors in several school-wide English and computer contests. I enjoy working with people from different backgrounds. I am good at communicating, organizing and coordinating. If something blocks my path, I will look for a solution. I never give up easily. Sometimes I receive comments that I need to improve in the area of filing. I am now trying to improve by learning from others. Q3.

新视野商务英语视听说(第二版)第二单元听力原文精编版

Unit 2 Part 3 1 Alice: Excuse me, sir, are you Mr. Hayes? Bill: Yes, I’m Bill Hayes. A: Are you the General Manager of the Beautify Cosmetic Corporation in America? B: Yes, exactly. A: How do you do, Mr. Hayes? I’m Alice Wang, Manager of Human Resources at the Beijing Sanmei Factory. I’m here especially to meet you. B: How do you do, Miss Wang? It’s very kind of you to come all the way to meet me. A: My pleasure. 2. Conversation 1: A: What is your job, Vincent? B: I’m a Regional Sales Manager. A: What are your main duties? B: My main duties are to develop customer relations and grow the sales of security products in Ohio. Conversation 2: A: What is your occupation, Flora? B: I’m a business analyst. A: Which company do you work for? B: I work for Delicate & Elegant Fashion. It’s a British company. A: What do you do for them? B: I’m in charge of the budget. Conversation 3 A: What do you do, Patrick? B: I’m a lawyer. A: what does your job involve? B: I give legal advice and assistance to clients and represent them in court or in other legal matters. Conversation 4: A: What kind of job do you have, Rachel? B: I’m responsible for receiving visitors. I have to make sure all visitors check in on arrival, and also arrange taxi and bus transport for them. A: Are you in reception? B: Yes, you’re right. I’m a receptionist. Part 4 Video 1 Introducer: Good afternoon, everyone! This is Robin Copperfield, the new Vice President of our company. He will be in charge of the accounting work. Let’s give him a warm welcome! Robin Copperfield: Thank you!

商务英语谈判常用词汇

商务英语谈判常用词汇商务谈判常用词汇： 1、出口信贷export credit 出口津贴export subsidy 商品倾销dumping 外汇倾销exchange dumping 优惠special preferences 保税仓库bonded warehouse 贸易顺差favorable balance of trade 贸易逆差unfavorable balance of trade 进口配额制import quotas 自由贸易区free trade zone 对外贸易值value of foreign trade 国际贸易值value of international trade 普遍优惠制generalized system of preferences-GSP 最惠国待遇most-favored nation treatment-MFNT 2、价格条件价格trade term (price term) 运费freight 单价price 费wharfage 总值total value 卸货费landing charges 金额amount customs duty 净价net price 印花税stamp duty 含佣价price including commission 税port dues 回佣return commission 装运港port of shipment 折扣discount, allowance 卸货港port of discharge 批发价wholesale price 目的港port of destination 零售价retail price 进口许口证import licence 现货价格spot price 出口许口证export licence 价格forward price 现行价格(时价)current price prevailing price 国际市场价格world (International)Market price 离岸价(船上交货价) -free on board 成本加运费价(离岸加运费价) C&F-cost and freight

商务英语术语及练习

常用商务英语术语

1) International business is business conducted in more than one country, including buying and selling goods and services. 2) Assuming the laboratory tests go well, and you can quote us a competitive price, we certainly be able to place more substantial orders on a regular basis. 3) Considering the friendly business relationship between our two banks, we decided not to charge you the overdue interests. 4) As a result, goods circulate more widely and at lower prices, jobs are created, and

wealth is spread. Though people may act from the narrow desire to enrich themselves, “ an invisible hand ” guides them to enrich and improve all of society. Today, we see a China that is still defined by noble traditions of family, scholarship and honor. I wanted to be a man, and a man I am. The latest type of TVR system is light, inexpensive and easy to manipulate. When most people expect a reduction of inflation rate after the tax cut ，there is still some uncertainty. The further expansion of your exports on our market will depend on your continued efforts to broaden and diversify your product range. Theory is something but practice is everything. We will negotiate for peace, sacrifice for it; we will not surrender for it -- now or ever. In my opinion the damage to the goods is attributed to the fact that the bags are too thin. According to the contract the bags should have been 0.04mm thick. Saddam can not single-handedly cause shortages and gasoline lines. The pay rise promised by the Left could price French products out of European markets. The use of bio-chemical weapons is a sheer violation of international laws –the Geneva Convention in particular. We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa. In economic field, large companies are feeling the impacts of both constantly technological progress and of the newest production methods. Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their tactics in coping with the constantly changing international political climate. Avoid using this computer in extreme cold, heat, dust or humidity./ They build roads, houses, bridges, pipelines and canals. 1. What is questioned is whether a country like Britain has a chance, assuming it has the will, to succeed where so many have failed and even assuming that it has, should make the tremendous effort and take substantial financial risk of trying to leap-frog into leadership in entirely new technology or whether it should take softer option of merely catching up with the rest of the industrialized world. 2. The growth of class consciousness among the workers was inhibited by continued high levels of employment and rising earnings for almost 15 years, combined with the propaganda of views in the labor movement reflecting the influence of Keynesian theories about the ability of capitalism to solve permanently the problem of “boon and bust ”t hrough a “ managed economy ” of bu-iilnt stabilizers. 3. 本宪法以法律的形式确认了中国各族人民奋斗的成果，规定了国家的根本任务，是国家的根本大

扩展商务英语视听说1_8单元答案解析

商务英语视听说原文与答案

商务英语翻译试题(二)试卷及答案-2

商务英语-邮件常用语

商务英语视听说答案

商务英语翻译测试题及答案

商务英语视听说原文和答案解析

商务英语视听说答案.docx

商务英语视听说答案解析

新视野商务英语视听说(第二版)第二单元听力原文精编版

最新商务英语翻译试题(一)试卷及答案-1

商务英语谈判常用词汇

商务英语术语及练习