一般过去时与现在时的用法区别

一般过去时与现在时的用法区别
一般过去时与现在时的用法区别

一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题

一、前言:

初一下学期同学们学习了一般过去时态的相关知识,即将到来的初二上学期英语学习中,现在完成时是重要的学习容。本文通过对比一般过去时和现在完成时,对现在完成时进行初步讲解,希望使同学们读新学期的学习有所准备。

二、现在完成时

1. 现在完成时的构成

现在完成时是由助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。

2. 现在完成时的用法

现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。

We are good friends.(现在的情况)

I knew him in 1997.(过去的动作)

We have known each other since 1997.

(现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在)

(1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如:

-Have you had lunch yet?

-Yes, I have. I've just had it.

你(已经)吃午饭了吗?我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)

(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。

如:He has taught here since 1981

他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教)

I haven't seen her for four years.

我有四年没见到她了。

(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice,ever, never,three times等时间状语。

如:I have been to Beijing twice.我去过二次。

3.现在完成时的时间状语

(1)现在完成时属于现在时围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。

a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。

如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。

如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗?

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。

c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。

例如:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.

我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times the last few days.

近几天他去过那里三次了。

d.用包括“现在”在的时间状语,如:now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等。

例如:-Have you met him today? -No, I haven't.

今天你见过他吗?我没有。

How many times have you been there this year?

今年你去过那里多少次?

(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。如:I haven't seen him for two years.但是,像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用,必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:

arrive→be here begin(start)→be on

die→be dead come back→be back

leave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)

get up→be up go out→be out

finish →be over put on→wear 或be on

open→be open join→be in或be a member of…

close→be closed go to school→be a student

borrow→keep buy→have

catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →know

begin to study→study come to work→work等

如:He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。

We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。

4.几点注意事项

(1)have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别:have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once ,never, several times 等连用,后者则不能。如:They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过两次。

He has gone to Beijing .他去了。

(2)如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。

如:It is two years since his father died.

=His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有两年了。

(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。

如:I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。

(4) 表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时,用现在完成时,要加表示一段时间的时间状语时,常用for+一段时间, since+时间点。

I have lived here since my childhood.我从小就一直住在这里。

I have lived here for 10 years. 我在这已经住了10年了。

(5) 在提问现在完成时的时间状语时通常用how long

How long have you lived here?

注意:在表示某一行为状态持续多长时间时,根据终止时间的不同,时态使用是不一样的。如:

I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在这里住了一周。

I have lived here for a week by now. 到现在为止,我已经在这里住了一周。

I will live here for a week next year.明年我会在这里住一周。

二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在;而一般过去时表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系。

I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦,是上个月去的。

1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。

2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:

yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语

共同的时间状语:

this morning, tonight, this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately

现在完成时的时间状语

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,

3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

举例:

I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了。)

I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的容已经知道了。)

Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了。)

Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)

She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。

She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。

He has been in the League for three years. (在团的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)

He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)

I have finished my homework now.

---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?

---He's already been sent for.

句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。

(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

三、练习题

1. A. 用already或yet

1) Have they taken down the old pictures ___yet___? No, not ___haven’t_______.

2) Most of us have finished our compositions _____阿拉ready___

3) He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition _____yet___.

B.用since或for

1) We have learned five lessons __scince____ the beginning of this term.

2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital ___scince___last week.

3) I have stayed at my aunt’s _____two weeks.

C. 用have gone或have been

1) Where are the boy students ? They _____ to the school factory.

2) Is your father in ? No, he ____ to Shenzhen. _______he ever ______ there before ? Yes, he ___ there several times

3) He asked me if I_____ to Hangzhou before.

I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I ____ never ____ to that city before.

2. 选择填空

1.Mother ____me a new coat yesterday. I _______ it on. It fits me well.

A. had made…have tried

B. made…have tried

C. has made…tried

D. made…tried

2 “He ____to draw horses already”. “When ______ he ?” “ Last year “

A. learned...has B. learned...did C. has learned...has D. has learned (i)

3.Tom _____up into the tree. Look, he ____ high up there !

A. has got…is

B. has climbed…was

C. got …was

D. climbed…is

4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.

A. Did…copy…did

B. Have…copied…have

C. Have…copied…did

D. Did …copy…had

5. “Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now .”

A. did…get…shouted

B. has…got…shouted

C. did…get…has shouted

D. has…got…has shouted

6. ______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ?

A. Have …seen…did…see

B. Did …see…did…watch

C. Have…seen…have…seen

D. Did …see…have…seen

7.You ____ me waiting for two hours. I ____ for you since five.

A. kept…waited

B. have kept…waited

C. kept…have waited

D. have kept…have waited

8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library. He _________ there for an hour.

A. has…been…has gone

B. has…gone…has been

C. did…go…went

D. did…be…went

9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying.

A. Has…cried…has stopped

B. Is…crying…stopped

C. Did …cry…stopped

D. Is…crying…has stopped

10. I _______ the way. I ________ here for quite many years.

A. knew...have lived C. knew...live C. k now...have lived D. know (iv)

11. _____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.

A. Have…gone to

B. Have…gone in

C. Have…been to

D. Have …been in

12. My brother ____college for over three years.

A. has gone to

B. has been to

C. has been in

D. has been at

13.He ________ the Army by the end of 1989. He ______ in the army since then.

A. joined…is

B. has joined…has been

C. had joined…is

D. had joined …has been

14. By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten satellites.

A. came…have sent

B. came…had sent

C. come…have sent

D. had come…sent

15. Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock. Then he ____ a rest.

A. went…took

B. went…had taken

C. had gone…took

D. had gone…had taken

16. We ____ out by that time that he ____ a spy for a long time.

A. had found…had been

B. had found…was

C. found…had been

D. found…was

17. Before the news ____ him, he ____ to know about it.

A. reaches…has got

B. reached…had got

C. reached…got

D. had reached…got

18. I _____ him a second letter before I ____ from him.

A. wrote…heard

B. wrote…had heard

C. had written…heard

D. have written…hear

19. People ____ that the soldiers _____ fighting.

A. say…had stopped

B. said…has stopped

C. say…stopped

D. said…had stopped

20. We ____ in a good harvest because we ____ enough rain.

A. didn’t get…had had

B. got…had had

C. had got…had had

D. got…hadn’t had

21. They _______ for five hours when they ______ in New York.

A. flew…arrived

B. had flown…had arrived

C. flew…had arrived

D. had flown…arrived

22. She ____ that it _____ for two days by that day.

A. says…has rained

B. says…had rained

C. said…had rained

D. said…rained

23. John _____ there since the year before, so he _____ them.

A. had wor ked…knew

B. had worked…had known

C. worked…knew

D. worked…had known

24. He _____ angry because he ____ for a long time.

A. had got…had waited

B. got…waited

C. had got…waited

D. got…had waited

25. -I have seen the film “Titanic” alrea dy.

-When __________ you __________ it?

-The day before yesterday.

A. have;seen

B. will;see

C. did;see

D. did;seen

26. Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago.

A. lived

B. has lived

C. lives

D. is going to live

27. We ____________ trees last Sunday. So far we __________ over 3,000 trees there.

A. planted;planted

B. planted;have planted

C. have planted;planted

D. have planted;have planted

练习答案:

1.A. 1) already, yet2) already3) yet

B. 1) since2) since3) since

C. 1) have been2) has gone, Has, been, has been3) have been, have been

2. BDACA ADBDC CDDBC ABCDB DCADC BB

一般现在时态与一般过去时态结构及用法

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现在进行时用法归纳

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一般现在时的构成及用法

一般现在时的构成及用 法 Company number:【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】

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A.be型 这一类型由be动词+名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词或介词短语等一起构成谓语,表示主语的个性、特征或状态。如: ①I am a student.(主语+be动词+名词) ②They are hungry.(主语+be动词+形容词) ③He is out.(主语+be动词+副词) ④That pen is mine.(主语+be动词+代词) ⑤I am fifteen.(主语+be动词+数词) ⑥The bike is under the tree.(主语+be动词+介词短语) B.do型 do型由行为动词充当谓语,表示经常性或习惯性的动作,其构成为“主语+动词原形或动词第三人称单数形式”。如: ①I know it. ②He believes me. C.there be型 there be型句子表示“存在”,其构成为“there be+主语+其他”,表示客观事实。用法遵循“就近原则”,即主语是单数或并列主语中的第一个主语是单数,则用there is;主语是复数或并列主语中的第一个主语是复数,则用there are。如:

一般过去时的用法及结构

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英语现在进行时用法详解

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英语时态之一般过去时的用法讲解

英语时态之一般过去时的用法讲解 一、概念 一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复性的动作。谓语动词要用动词的过去式,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday昨天、last night 昨晚、last week上周、last year去年、…ago等 二、结构 1. Be动词的一般过去时在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词 am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were,was是表示单数,were是表示复数肯定句式:主语+ be(was , were) + 其它. 否定句式:主语+ be(was , were) + not + 其它. 一般疑问句:Be(was , were) + 主语+ 其它? 2. 实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词did. 肯定句式:主语+ 动词(过去式)+ 其它 否定句式:主语+ didn’t + 动词(原形)+ 其它【did not = didn’t】 一般疑问句:Did + 主语+ 动词(原形)+ 其它【do , does的过去时均为did】?注:did和didn’t 是构成一般过去时的助动词,其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形 三、规则动词的过去式 1.一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed:looked played started visited stayed 2.以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d:lived cloesd liked loved tasted 3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将y 改为i ,再加–ed: study→studied try→tried cry→cried copy→copied carry→carried 4.以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加–ed: stop→stopped plan→planned 四、不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆 1. is→was am→wasare→weredo→didhave→had 2. begin→beganring→rang run→randrink→drank sing→sangswim→swam sit→satgive→gavemake→made come→cameeat→ate 3.write →wrote speak→spoke drive→drove choose→chose tell→told ride→rode shoot→shot get→got win→won forget→forgot shake→shooktake→tookstand→stood 4. go→went meet→met sleep→slept sweep→swept spell→spelt feel→felt keep→keptspend→spentbend→bent 5. know→knewfly→flewblow→blew grow→grew throw→threw draw→drew 特别注意:glow→glowed 6.teach→taughtcatch→caughtbuy→boughtfight→foughtthink→thought 7. find→foundhear→heardsay→saidlie→laysee→sawlearn→learntmean→meant 8. put→put read→read cut→cut let→let

一般现在时用法

般现在时讲解与练习 一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能 1. 表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue. 2. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 如如: I get up at six every day. 一般现在时的构成 1. be 动词:主语+be(am,is,are) +其它。如: I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词+其它。如: We study En glish.我们学习英语。 【注】当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it )时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。 否定句:主语be+not +其它。 如口:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它。 如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.

非凡疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike? 2. 行为动词的变化。 ①否定句:主语+ do n't( does n't ) + 动词原形(其它)。如: I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does n't构成否定句。如: He does n't ofte n play. ②一般疑问句:Do( Does )+主语 +动词原形+ 其它。如: -Do you ofte n play football? -Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。 一般现在时态练习题 I. 写出下列动词的相应形式: 1. 第三人称单数: wash ________ match _______ guess _____ s tudy ______ finish ________ go ________ s now _____ carry _________ 一般现在时用法专练(A) □.按照要求改写句子。 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) Daniel _________ ___________ T V every evening. 2. I do my homework every day .(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)

英语现在进行时用法总结(完整)

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(完整版)一般过去时的用法详解

一般过去时 一.定义 一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复性的动作。谓语动词要用动词的过去式,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday昨天、last night昨晚、last week上周、last year去年,等。二.动词过去式的变化 1. be词的过去式:am is的过去式为was;are的过去式为were 注:在这种构成中,be动词有人称和数的变化,即要根据主语选用was/were。Be动词分为单数和复数,主语为单数用was, 主语为复数用were 2. 规则动词的过去式 a. 一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed。 look→looked play→played start→started b. 以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d。 live→lived use→used c. 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将y 改为i ,再加–ed。 study→studied try→tried fly→flied d.以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末

尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加–ed。 stop→stopped plan→planned prefer→preferred 2. 不规则动词的过去式是需要记忆的,详见书上的不规则动词表 三.一般过去时的基本用法 1. 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 eg. He suddenly fell ill last night. (他昨晚突然病倒了) 2. 表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作。 eg. She went to the cinema once a month when she was at school. (她上学时每个月去看一场电影) When I was in the countryside, I often walked by the riverside. 我在乡下时经常在河边散步。 3. 一般过去时表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和often 经常,always总是,once a week一周一次,等表示频度的时间状语连用。 eg. She went to the cinema once a month when she was at school. (她上学时每个月去看一场电影) 4.叙述过去连续发生的一件件事。 eg. She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk. 她早早起床,提水,打扫房间然后出去散步。

现在进行时的用法六年级英语

课题:现在进行时用法课型:复习课学案号:22 科目:六年级英语主备人:王玉丽审核人:蒋连伟使用日期:2015.11.5 现在进行时专项练习: 现在进行时,用来表示正在进行或发生的动作。"结构是:be (am, is, are)+动词现在分词形式。 一、陈述句(肯定句) 主语+be(am, is, are)+现在分词,如: I am reading English.我正在读英语。He is writing.他正在写字。You are running.你正在跑步。 二、一般疑问句 Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+现在分词,如: 1. -Are you singing?你正在唱歌吗? -Yes, I am.是的,我在唱歌。(No, I'm not.不,我不在唱歌。) 2. -Is he (she) listening to music?他(她)在听音乐吗? -Yes, he (she) is.是的,他(她)在听音乐。[No, he (she) isn't.不,他(她)不在听音乐。 三、特殊疑问句 疑问词+be (am, is, are)+主语+现在分词,如: 1. -What are you doing? 你正在干什么? -I am doing my homework.我正在做作业。 2. -What is he (she) doing?他(她)正在干什么? -He (She) is riding a bike.他(她)正在骑自行车。 四、现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 五、动词加ing的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking 以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting 如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping 六、需要掌握的进行时变化形式:sleeping, climbing, fighting, swinging, drinking water。 drawing pictures, doing the dishes, cooking dinner, reading a book, answering the phone,listening to music, washing clothes, cleaning the room, writing a letter, writing an e-mail,flying, jumping, walking, running, swimming,sleeping, climbing, fighting, swinging, drinking water. 其次,"我"向你们介绍"我"的三位好伙伴:look(看)、listen(听)、now(现在),它们和"我"经常出现在句子中。请看: Look! Jack is swimming.看!杰克正在游泳。 Listen! She is singing.听!她正在唱歌。 I am cleaning my room now.现在我正在打扫房间。 听了"我"的自述后,小朋友们,你们一定更加了解"我"了吧。 一、写出下列动词的现在分词: play_____________run______________swim_____________make______________ go______________ like____________ write_____________ _ski_____________ read_____________ have____________ sing _____________ dance___________ put______________ see____________ buy _____________ jog____________ live___________ take______________ come _____________ get_____________ stop____________ sit _____________ begin____________ shop___________ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空: 1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson . 6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music. 9. It's 5 o'clock now. We _____________(have)supper now 【学(教)后反思】

一般现在时一般现在时的用法

一般现在时一般现在时的用法: 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时的结构: 1. be动词:主语+be(am ,is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 一般现在时常用的时间词:often, usually, sometimes, every day(week, year...)等。 A. 第三人称单数形式的构成 一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词后要加s或es,其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同: 1. 一般情况下只在动词后加s,如work-works, write-writes. 2. 以o,s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词,后加es,如guess-guesses, mix-mixes, finish-finishes, catch-catches. 3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,改y为i加es,如study-studies. 注:不规则变化的有have-has I. 用be 动词的适当形式填空 1. __________ your father a worker﹖Yes, he __________. 2.They __________ in the classroom. 3.Where __________ my books﹖ 4.These ___________her pears. 5.How much _________the T-shirt? 6.How much __________ the socks? 8.You can _________ in our school music club. 9.Let's ___________friends. 10.He and I _________friends. 12. There ____ some apples on the table yesterday. IV.用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. Let me _______ (help) you find your purse. 2. Would you like__________(buy) things for New Year's Day? 3. I like __________( make) kites. 4. He can________ (skate) better than ME. 5. You must _______( listen) to your teacher in class. 6. They enjoy________(play) basketball. 7. She wants________(watch) cartoons. 8. It's time for us ________( read) books. I.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.

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