高中英语 利用句子合并来学习定语从句
利用句子合并来学习定语从句
定语从句
两个术语：先行词，关系词
先行词：被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词
关系词（关系代词或关系副词）：连接先行词与定语从句的词。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等；关系副词有：when, where, why等；
1、关系词在定语从句中充当主语
先行词为人时
（1）两个单句为The boys are from Class One. The boys are playing football.
（2）第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。
The boys（the boys are playing football） are from Class One.
(3) 括号中句子里的主语the boys, 和先行词是同一个词，应该用关系词替换从句中重复的the boys. The boys 在从句中作主语，关系词中能作主语并代表人的是who, that
The boys（who\that are playing football） are from Class One.
(4) who\that==the boys, 在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。
先行词为物时
（1）I found the letter. The letter came yesterday.
（2）I found The letter( the letter came yesterday).
（3）用关系词替换从句中重复的the letter, 关系词中能作主语并代表物的是which, that
I found The letter(which\that came yesterday).
（4）which\that==the letter, 在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。
2. 关系词在定语从句中充当宾语
先行词为人时
（1）The man is my friend. You met the man just now
（2）The man (you met the man just now) is my friend.
（3）用关系词替换从句中重复的the man, 关系词中能作宾语并代表人的是whom, that
The man (whom\that you met just now) is my friend.
（4）whom\that==the man, 在定语从句中做宾语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。
做宾语的关系词whom\that 可以省略The man ( you met just now) is my friend.
先行词为物时
（1）This is the pen. He bought the pen yesterday.
（2）This is the pen (he bought the pen yesterday).
（3）用关系词替换从句中重复的the pen, 关系词中能作宾语并代表物的是which, that
This is the pen (which\that he bought yesterday).
（4） which\that==the pen, 在定语从句中做宾语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。
做宾语的关系词which\that 可以省略This is the pen (he bought yesterday).
3. 关系词在定语从句中充当定语
(1) I helped the man. The man’s car was broken.
(2) I helped the man (the man’s car was broken).
(3) the man’s 是名词所有格，起到定语的作用修饰 car, 用关系词替换从句中重复的the man, 关系词中能作定语，表示“谁的”是whose
I helped the man (whose car was broken).
(4) whose=the man’s, 在定语从句中做定语，并连接先行
词和定语从句。
Whose不但可以表示“谁的”，还可以指物，表示“什么的”。例如：
I once lived in a house. The roof of the house has fallen in.
I once lived in a house (the roof of the house has fallen in).
I once lived in a house (whose roof has fallen in).
此句还可以改为：
I once lived in a house (the roof of which has fallen in).
I once lived in a house (of which the roof has fallen in).
4. 关系词在定语从句中充当状语时
时间状语
(1) I still remember the day. I first came to the school on the day.
(2) I still remember the day (I first came to the school on the day).
(3)重复的词是the day, on the day在从句中充当时间状语的成分，关系词中能作时间状语的词是when.
I still remember the day (when I first came to the school).
(4) when=on the day, 在定语从句中做时间状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。
地点状语
(1) The house has been pulled down. I lived in the house ten years ago.
(2) The house (I lived in the house ten years ago) has been pulled down.
(3)重复的词是the house, in the house在从句中做地点状语的成分，关系词中能作地点状语的词是where.
The house (where I lived ten years ago) has been pulled down.
(4) where=in the house, 在定语从句中做地点状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。
原因状语
(1) The reason is not clear. He refused the invitation for the reason.
(2) The reason (he refused the invitation for the reason ) is not clear.
(3)重复的词是the reason, for the reason在从句中做原因状语的成分，关系词中能作原因状语的词是why.
The reason (why he refused the invitation) is not clear.
(4) why=for the reason, 在定语从句中做原因状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。
另外关系副词when, where, why可以改为 ,介词+which, 介词取决于与先行词的搭配。
例如：
I still remember the day (when I first came to the school).
== I still remember the day (on which I first came to the school).
The house (where I lived ten years ago) has been pulled down.
==The house (in which I lived ten years ago) has been pulled down.
The reason (why he refused the invitation) is not clear.
==The reason (for which he refused the invitation) is not clear.
根据关系词在从句中所充当的成分，可总结如下：
从句缺主语who, that,
先行词是人 从句缺宾语whom, that, who,省略
从句缺定语whose
从句缺主语which, that
先行词是物 从句缺宾语which, that, 省略
从句缺定语w hose
指时间when
指地点 where
指原因 why
定语从句合并句子例子练习
：
1.I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.
_____________________________________________________________
https://www.360docs.net/doc/692158644.html,st week Mary wore the dress. I gave it to her.
_____________________________________________________________
3.The girl is from America. Her father is a Chinese.
_____________________________________________________________
4.Do you know the man? The man spoke just now.
_____________________________________________________________
5. Who is the man? He is drawing a picture over there?
_____________________________________________________________
6.My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 100 years old.
_____________________________________________________________
知识巩固：
一、that和which用法的区别
(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,
anything, little, much 等不定代词时。
I am sure she has something _____ you can borrow.
Do you have anything _____ you don’t understand
(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books _____ you lend me.
Please send us any information _____ you have about the subject.
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
This is the first book _____ he has read.
It is the most beautiful city _____ I’ve ever seen.
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very book _____ belongs to him.
He is the only person _____ was present at the time.
(5)先行词既有人又有物时。
The famous writer and his works _____ the radio broadcast are popular to the students.
(6) 先行词是who或which引导的主句。
Who is the girl _____ drove the car?
(7) 主句以there be 引导时。
There are more than 400,000 people _____ died or were injured in the earthquake.
2、只用which不用that的情况
(1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）。
There are many trees __________ they can have a rest.
This is the ring __________ she spent 1000 dollars.
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中。
Football, ______ is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
二、只用who的情况
One ____ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.
The ones ____ laugh at the disabled are not good students.
Anyone ____ fails to finish the task should be punished.
Those ____ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here.
注：先行词是one, ones, anyone, those, he时用who.
3. 表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介
词of, 有时可用whose转换。
1) I’m painting a house, the roof _________ is round.
转换I’m painting a house __________ is round.
2) They live in a house, _______ windows face south.
转换They live in a house, the windows _________ face south.
三、 关系副词的使用
1. when
when代替的先行词是表示时间的名词，在从句中作时
间状语。
Eg: July is the month when we have a lot of rain.
(when=in the month)
My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter.
答案 when
2. where
where 代替的先行词是表示地点的名词，在从句中作地点状语。
Eg: When I arrived, Bob took me to see the house where I could be staying.
(where = in the house)
The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.(天津真题)?
【答案】 where
?特别注意：where 引导的定语从句还可以修饰表示抽象空间概念的名词，如：
case(情况) situation(情形) position(位置) stage(阶段) point(地步)
Eg: I had reached a point in my career where I needed to decide which way to go.
3. why
?why 代替的先行词是表示原因的名词（通常是the reason）,在从句中作原因状语。
Eg: The reason why Bob failed was his carelessness.
(why = for the reason)
例句再体验
He remembered the day when I arrived in this big city.
when 作时间状语，意为 on the day
I went back to the place where I was born and grew up.
where 作地点状语，意为in the place
Please give me the reason why you were late this time.
why作原因状语，意为for the reason
2019年高考英语真题中的定语从句
We have entered into an age __when_____ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
Their child is at the stage__where________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
四：定语从句训练
定语从句单句填空
1. Self-driving is an area ________China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
2.There was once a beautiful girl_______hated herself because the was blind.
3. There is usually an interval between the first half and the second half_________the coach will tell his player how to play well.
4.The little problems ___________we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
5. I live next door to a couple ___ ______children often make a lot of noise.
6. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere_____ his employees enjoy their work.
7. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time_______ he should be able to be independent.
8. At that time 1 was in Texas and I had a friend______ farmily business was running hotels.
9. She and her family bicycle to work, ___________helps them keep fit.
10. Kate, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
11. The best part of the vocabulary-built process is that there's enough room for improvement, _________means you'll just keep getting better and better.
12. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _________is not good for the health.
13. My oldest son, _________work takes him all over the world, is
in New York at the moment.
14. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _________was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
定语从句真题
1. She and her family bicycle to work, __________ helps them keep fit.
2. By boat is the only way to get here, _________is how we arrived
3. Kae, __________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
4.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，_________the weather may be better.
5. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.
6. I have come around to explain the reason ________ I was absent from the meeting.
7. Like anything，it is possible to have too much fat and salt，_________ is not good for the health.
8.In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，_________ is on the rooftop of their house.
9. Sarah，_________has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
10.Around me in the picture are the things_________ were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.
11. My eldest son，________ work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.
12 .The little problems __________________we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
13.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of ____________purposes is to relieve world-wide starvation.
14． But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _________I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
15． Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，_________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the development of chopsticks.
16.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by_________ we see the world around us.
17. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, _________ it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
18. Many young people, most of_________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
利用句子合并来学习定语从句 参考答案
定语从句合并句子例子练习：
1.I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.
I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/692158644.html,st week Mary wore the dress. I gave it to her.
Last week Mary wore the dress (that/which) I gave to her.
3.The girl is from America. Her father is a Chinese.
The girl whose father is
a Chinese is from America.
4.Do you know the man? The man spoke just now.
Do you know the man who spoke just now?
5. Who is the man? He is drawing a picture over there?
Who is the man that is drawing a picture over there?
6.My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 100 years old.
My grandparents live in a house which/that is more than 100 years old.
一、that和which用法的区别
1、只能用that不用which的情况
(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。
I am sure she has something __that___ you can borrow.
Do you have anything __that___ you don’t understand
(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books __that___ you lend me.
Please send us any information ___that__ you have about the subject.
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
This is the first book ___that__ he has read.
It is the most beautiful city ___ that __ I’ve ever seen.
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very book ___ that __ belongs to him.
He is the only person __ that ___ was present at the time.
(5)先行词既有人又有物时。
The famous writer and his works __ that ___ the radio broadcast are popular to the students.
(6) 先行词是who或which引导的主句。
Who is the girl ___ that __ drove the car?
(7) 主句以there be 引导时。
There are more than 400,000 people __ that ___ died or were injured in the earthquake.
2、只用which不用that的情况
(1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）。
There are many trees ____ under which ______ they can have a rest.
This is the ring _____ on which_____ she spent 1000 dollars.
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中。
Football, ____which __ is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
二、只用who的情况
One ___who_ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.
The ones ___who __ laugh at the disabled are not good students.
Anyone ___who __ fails to finish the task should be punished.
Those ___who __ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here.
注：先行词是one, ones, anyone, those, he时用who.
3. 表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介
词of, 有时可用whose转换。
1) I’m painting a house, the roof ___of which______ is round.
转换I’m painting a house ___whose roof_______ is round.
2) They live in a house, ___whose____ windows face south.
转换They live in a house, the windows _of which________ face south.
定语从句练习答案
定语从句单句填空
1. Self-driving is an area ____where______China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
2.There was once a beautiful girl___who/that______hated herself because the was blind.
3. There is usually an interval between the first half an
d the second half___when__the coach will tell his player how to play well.
4.The little problems ___that/which_____we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
5. I live next door to a couple ___whose_______children often make a lot of noise.
6. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere___where_____ his employees enjoy their work.
7. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time____when____ he should be able to be independent.
8. At that time 1 was in Texas and I had a friend____whose__ farmily business was running hotels.
9. She and her family bicycle to work, __which____ helps them keep fit.
10. Kate, __whose_____sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
11. The best part of the vocabulary-built process is that there's enough room for improvement, ___which_______means you'll just keep getting better and better.
12. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ____which___is not good for the health.
13. My oldest son, ___whose____work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
14. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____when____was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
定语从句真题
1. She and her family bicycle to work, ___ which ______ helps them keep fit.
2. By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived
3. Kae, __whose_______sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
4.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，__when______ the weather may be better.
5. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ____where____ his employees enjoy their work.
6. I have come around to explain the reason ____why____ I was absent from the meeting.
7. Like anything，it is possible to have too much fat and salt，_____ which ___ is not good for the health.
8.In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，___ which __ is on the rooftop of their house.________
9. Sarah，__ who ______has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
10.Around me in the picture are the things that/which were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.
11. My eldest son，___ whose _____ work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.
12 .The little problems ___ that/which/不填_____ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
13.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of ___ whose _____ purposes is to relieve world-wide starvation.
解析：whose考查定语从句。句意：1963年，联合国建立世界粮食计划署，它的目的之一就是缓解全球饥饿。根据先行词“the World Food Programme
”和“purpose”间的所属关系，故用whose。
14． But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ___ when _____ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
15． Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，____ who ____ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the development of chopsticks.
16.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by __ which ______ we see the world around us.
解析：which 句意：研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。这是一个定语从句，先行词为指物的the basic processes，所以介词by后面用which。
17. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, where it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
18. Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.