小升初英语衔接班名词专项讲解及练习

小升初英语衔接班名词专项讲解及练习
小升初英语衔接班名词专项讲解及练习

小升初名词专项

一、定义

名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。

二、分类

一.名词分类

专有名词

个体名词可数名词(普通名词所表示的

普通名词集体名词人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词)

物质名词不可数名词(普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,

抽象名词事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。)二、名词的数

不可数名词没有复数形式。可数名词有单数和复数之分,单数变复数形式变化规则如下:

1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如:

(书)book → books (钢笔)pen → pens (房子)house → houses (天,日子)day → days 2. 以s, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。如:(公交车)bus → buses (玻璃)glass → glasses (手表)watch → watches (盘,碟)dish → dishes (盒子)box → boxes

3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如:(城市)city → cities (身子,身体) body → bodies

(工厂)factory → factories等等。(典型例子:“元音字母+y”的名词直接+s boy → boys) 4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如: half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives 5.以o结尾的名词分两种情况a. 有生命的:+es 如:(土豆有生命)potato → potatoes (西红柿有生命)tomato → tomatoes b.无生命的:+s 如:(照片无生命)photo → photos (钢琴无生命)piano →piano

1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词

如:John is a student

student是普通名词,John是专有名词

普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。

2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。

3. 专有名词

专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。

名词复数的构成法

构成法读音例词

在词尾加–s1.在清辅音后发∕s∕

2.在浊辅音和元音后发∕z

∕1.desk–desk s∕s∕2.boy–boy s∕z∕

在词末加–es

1.以“x,s,ch,sh”等结尾的名词后加–es

2.以e结尾,直接加–s –(e)s读作∕iz∕

1.glass–glass es∕iz∕

class–class es∕iz∕

2.orange–orang es∕iz∕

horse –horse s∕iz∕

如以f,fe结尾,则去f,fe 加–ves –ves读作∕vz∕knife–kni ves∕vz∕

wife–wi ves∕vz∕

以辅音字母加y结尾,则去y 加–ies –ies读作∕iz∕baby–bab ies∕iz∕

party–part ies∕iz∕

以辅音字母加o结尾,则加–es –es读作∕z∕potato –potato es∕z∕

tomato–tomato es∕z∕

但radio,photo,piano,

则直接加–s

大显身手

一.写出下列各单词的复数形式。

1. glass __________

2. family __________

3. wolf __________

4. country_________

5.radio__________

6. photo __________

7. fox __________

8.fridge __________

9.bus__________ 10. box__________ 11.watch__________ 12.brush _________

13.policeman__________14.farm__________ 15.fish __________ 16.sandwich__________

17. apple __________ 18.foot __________ 19.ruler __________ 20.tooth __________

二.画横线,选出下列正确的单词或词组。

1.Do you drink much(milk ,milks )?

2.I visited (Jim ,Jim‘s)house yesterday.

3.This is (Tom and Mary‘s,Tom‘s and Mary‘s)house.

4.He had two(cup ,cups )of tea.

5.Those(books ,book )are on the desk.

6.Look at this(boy ,boys ).

7.That(dogs ,dog )is mine.

8.Would you like some(bananas ,banana )?

9.The sperm whale has 50(tooth ,teeth ).

10.These (shoes ,shoe )are very nice.

三.选择填空。

()1.This is ______room.

A.Jack and Lucy B.Jack and Lucy‘s C.Jack‘s and Lucy‘s D.Jack‘s and Lucy ()2.She is a good _____.

A.student B.students C.boy D.boys ()3.I want two _____.

A. pencil–box B.pencil–boxes C.pencils–box D.pencils–boxes

()4.How many _____ do you have?

A.friend B.friends C.friendes D.friend‘s ()5.These _____ are Judy‘s.

A.fish B.fishes C.fishs D.fish‘s ()6.Look at those ____.

A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens ()7.He has two big ____.

A.eye B.eyes C.eyees D.eye‘s ()8.He is Jeff‘s ____.

A.brothers B.brother C.brotheres D.brother‘s ()9.— ____is this pen ?

—It‘s Wang Fang‘s.

A.Who‘s B.Whose C.Where D.Which ()10.____birthday is September 5th.

A. Her mother

B. her mother‘s

C. Her mothers‘

D. Her mother‘s

四.将下列表示单数的句子改成复数的句子。

1. This is a boy.______________________________________________

2. Do you have a new rubber?______________________________________________

3.There is one apple in my hand.__________________________________________

4.That is her watch.______________________________________________

5.She has a camera and umbrella.________________________

6.There is a plane in the sky.__________________________________________

五.圈出句子中的错误并改正。

1.I don‘t like orange juices.It is sour.()

2.There is an old books in my bag.()

3.Bananas is my favorite fruit.()

4.They go to school on feet.()

5.There are many photoes of my family.()

六.连词成句。

1. teacher is strong My and tall ( . )

_____________________________________________

2. teacher This science is new our ( . )

_____________________________________________

3. there bedrooms How are many ( ? )

_____________________________________________

4. lake The jumped the dog into ( . )

_____________________________________________

5. is What your hobby ( ? )

_____________________________________________

七.阅读理解。

Tom is seven.He goes to school every day.The school is near his home,so he goes there on foot and comes back home on time(按时).But today he is late.His mother asks him― Why are you late today ?‖― I am in the headmaster‘s office(校长办公室).‖

― Why do you go to the headmaster‘s office?‖

― Because my teacher asks us a question in the class.Nobody (没人)can answer it ,but I can.‖

―It is good to answer the teacher‘s question.‖

―But the question is who puts ink on my chair.‖

根据短文内容,回答问题。

1.Is Tom‘s home far f rom his school?

_______________________________________________

2. How does he go to school ?

_______________________________________________

3. Does Tom often come back home late?

_______________________________________________

4. Only Tom can answer the question ,can‘t he?

_______________________________________________

5. Is it good for Tom to do it ?

_______________________________________________

(1).名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,不可数名词没有单复数,一律看作单数。例如:food, meat, bread, tea, water, milk, ink, orange, drink, rice, fish等。

(2).可数名词的单数前什么时候用a,什么时候用an?

答:以元音音标(或音素)开头的用an,

以辅音音标(或音素)开头的用a。

注意:我们看的是音标(或音素),而不是元音字母。

1>选择a或an或者不填(用/来表示)

pen bag apple big apple

banana orange oranges orange pen hour [hauE]小时house [haus]房子umbrella [Qm5brelE]雨伞

university [7ju:ni5vE:siti] 大学

A[ei] U[ju:] H[eitF] R[a:] B[bi:] M[em]

E chick water child children

2>用a/an填空:

①Is it Chinese book or English book?

②This is ring, and it is orange ring.

③Mary is English teacher. Tom is Chinese teacher.

④This is bike. It‘s old bike.

⑤This is telephone number. ⑥That is ID card.

⑦I lost my keys. It‘s set of keys.

⑧It‘s apple, not pear.

⑨This is peach. That‘s orange. ⑩You have banana, but I have egg.

用a/an填空:

①Is there umbrella on the desk?

②There is island in the sea.

③There is picture on the card.

④I have old book.

⑤apple is a kind of fruit. ⑥There is armchair[a:mtFeE(r)] in the living room.

⑦I‘d like egg.

⑧Look, there is bird in the tree.

⑨Is there map on the wall?

⑩There is bench[bentF] in the park.

(3). 可数名词的变化规则:

一般规则:

1>一般在词尾加s,如:books,bags,fruits。加s之后的读音规则:

①清清浊浊,即清辅音后读清辅音[s],如books [buks]

②浊辅音后读浊辅音[z],如bags [bAgz]

③元音音标后面读[z],如boys [bRiz]

④t后读[ts],d后读[dz]

如:cats[kAts] birds[bE:dz]

请写出下列名词复数加s后的读音:

例:boats [ ] bir ds [ ] pens[ ] ducks [ ] dogs [ ] chicks [ ] bears [ ] rabbits [ ] cards [ ] flowers [ ]

2>以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es,读[iz]

如:bus——buses [5bQsiz] 公交车

box——boxes [5bRksiz] 盒子

watch——watches [5wRtFiz]手表

brush——brushes [5brQFiz]刷子

写出下列名词的复数并写出所加s或es后的音标。

glass ——[ ]

match ——[ ]

wish ——[ ]

3>以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i再加es,读[iz];以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接在词尾加s。如:baby —— babies [5beibiz] 婴儿

写出下列名词的复数:

butterfly —sky —

boy —toy —

4>以f、fe结尾的名词变f、fe为ves,读[vz]

如:wolf [wulf] 狼——wolves [ ]

写出下列名词的复数:

wife(妻子)—life(生命)—

knife(小刀)—

5>以o结尾的名词加es 的有:hero[5hi ] 英雄

Nigro [5nigrEu] 黑人tomato [tE‘meitEu]西红柿potato [pE?teitEu]土豆,其他的以o结尾的名词直接在词尾加s 如:zoo——zoos photo——photos

(4)名词复数的不规则变化:

man—men男人

woman[wumEn]—women [5wimin] 女人tooth [tu:W]—teeth [ti:W] 牙齿

foot [fut]—feet [fi:t] 脚,英尺goose [gu:s]—geese [gi:z] 鹅

mouse [maus] —mice [mais] 老鼠

child [tFaild]—children [5tFildrEn] 孩子

(5)单复同形的名词有:

Chinese [5tFaini:z] 中国人Japanese [7dVApE5ni:z]日本人sheep [Fi:p] 绵羊deer [diE] 鹿fish [fiF] 鱼

注意:fish①当一条鱼讲时,单复数同形,如three fish.

②当各种各样的鱼讲时,即强调鱼的种类时,要加es.

如:all kinds[kaindz] of fishes .各种各样的鱼

③当鱼肉讲时,不可数。

(6)名词修饰名词时的复数情况:

a man teacher 一个男老师

two men teachers 两个男老师

a woman teacher 一个女老师

two women teachers 两个女老师

只有当man和woman修饰名词时,前后两个名词都变复数。其他的名词修饰名词,只把最后的名词变为复数。如:a girl student 一个女学生

two girl students 两个女学生

翻译:

两个男工人两个女工人两个小孩

3个中国人3条鱼

4只绵羊

4只鹿5只鹅5英尺6颗牙齿6个女人7只脚7个男人

写出下列句子的复数句子:

①This is my friend.

②That is his brother.

③Is this your sister?

④Is that her cousin?

⑤What‘s this?

⑥This is an apple tree.

⑦It is an old backpack.

写出下列单词的复数形式:

bird—( ) chick—( ) chick-( ) fish---( ) church—( ) pencil box—( )

toy----( ) donkey—( )

monkey—( ) baby----( )

candy---( ) family---( )

potato---( ) tomato—( )

选择填空:

①It‘s autumn[C:tEm ], are falling(降落)down from trees.

A. leaf

B. leafs

C. leaves

D. leaves

②There are five under the tree.

A. sheep

B. sheepes

C. ships

D. sheeps

③–What are these in English?-____are stamps.[stAmp]

A. They

B. It

C. Those

(7)不可数名词的用法:

1>不可数名词前面不能用a,an来修饰,但可以与the连用,表示特指。

2>不可数名词不能和具体的数词(one,two,three,…等)连用。

3>不可数名词不能用指示代词this,that,these,those来修饰,但可以用some,much来修饰。例如:some orange 一些橘汁much water许多水

常用的不可数名词有三类,

①液体:water (水) coffee(咖啡) juice(果汁) 等,例如:

a cup of water 一杯水 a bottle of juice 一瓶果汁

翻译:一杯咖啡:

一瓶牛奶:

一杯茶:

②肉类meat [mi:t]肉类,beef [bi:f]牛肉,pork[pC:k]猪肉,mutton[mQtn]羊肉等。注意:肉类中chicken 为鸡肉时不可数,为小鸡时可数(keep chicken养鸡)。

③固定用法:bread 面包;rice 大米,米饭;grass草;glass,当‖玻璃‖讲不可数: hair 头发当满头白发中的几根黑发时,或满头黑发中的几根白发时可数。weather[5weTE(r)] 天气; fun 有趣的事或人;advice[Ed5vaIz;]建议; information[ InfE meIFEn ]信息,情报

翻译:给我一些面包:

我喜欢吃米饭:

勿踏草坪(walk, on the grass):

我们度假时天气真好。(on holiday)

玩的高兴:

给Sam一些建议吧。

好的/坏的消息:

4>不可数名词―量‖的表示方法:在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示―量‖

的概念,可以用以下两种方法:

①用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少。例如:

There is some milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些牛奶。

Is there any water in the glass? 杯子里有水吗?

There is too much snow and ice. 冬天有很多的雪和冰。

Linda has a lot of books. 琳达有很多书。

翻译:瓶子里有一些豆奶。(soybean[5sCi bi:n] milk)

杯子里有茶吗?

桌子上有很多菠萝和葡萄。

Daisy有很多笔记本。(notebook)

②用a piece(bottle, glass…) of 这类定语表示。例如:

a piece of paper 一张纸 a piece of bread 一片面包

a bottle of orange一瓶橘汁 a glass of milk 一杯牛奶

翻译:一条新闻(news):

一个意见(advice[Ed5vaIs]):

一块蛋糕:

一瓶墨水(ink):

如果要表示―两杯茶‖,―四张纸‖这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如:two cups of tea 两杯茶

four pieces of paper 四张纸

three glasses of water 三杯水

翻译:两瓶果汁:

三张纸:

四杯水:

5>练习题:

选择题:

①– would you like something to drink, Tara?

-Yes, I‘d like some

A. sandwiches

B. hot dogs

C. water

D. bread

② The little baby has two already.

A.tooth

B. tooths

C. teeth

D. teeths

③Help yourself to .

A. some chickens

B. a chicken

C. some chicken

D. any chicken

④The teachers have two to live in.

A. woman; room

B. women; rooms

C. woman; rooms

D. women; room

⑤They are very thirsty. Will you please give them ?

A. some bottles of waters

B. some bottles of water

C. some bottle of water

D. any bottle of milk

将下列词组译成英语:

①两箱书

②四篮子鸡蛋

③三副眼镜

④女医生们

⑤一条裤子

⑥两杯牛奶

⑦十滴红墨水(drop, ink)

⑧一组队员

⑨一块蛋糕

⑩两排大树

小升初英语衔接班第一讲复习课程

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完整word小升初分班考试英语试卷.docx

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小升初衔接班英语教材

小升初衔接班英语

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●26个字母 第一讲认读26个字母及书写 I. 唱唱字母歌: II.认读26字母及它们的音标: 练习:1)个人读、同桌读、小组读、全体读2)谁知道它们的书写笔画? III.教学26个英语字母的书写。 A a 大写的A 像圆规,小写的a像蜗牛。 B b 大B 像耳朵听声音,小 b 像6 直起腰。

C c 大C 像月亮弯弯腰, 大写小写一个样,只是大写个头高。 D d 大D 像月饼切一半,小写的d像汤勺, E e E 像“山”字向右偏,小e 像只小眼睛。 F f F 像菜刀缺了口, 小写f的像镰刀。 G g G像一座圆宝 库, 小写g的像蝌 蚪。 H h H像河上独木桥。 小写的h像椅子。 I i I 像甘蔗砍一段,始终有节腰不弯。 小i 长大就是“我”,为求正义头可断。 J j J像一个长铁钩,拉钩守诺最长久。 “小j”听来像“小姐”,要防帽子风吹走。 K k K像竹子两片叶,长短高低仔细写。 小竹叶子长得低,方向朝东没分别。 L l L的大写右半框,合并7字一扇窗。开窗睁眼看世界,却见l小瘦又长。 M m 大写的M像峡谷,两座山峰相对峙。 小写m的像梳子,总共只有三个齿. N n N的左边是山峰,右边河谷一样深。 小写的n 像拱门,不见门板不见人。 O o O像鸭蛋滚一边,大写也是一个圈。 P P P像小旗迎风飘,外边圆圆没有角。 小p总叫“劈劈劈”,像把斧头劈柴烧。 Q q Q像小蛇出蛋壳,里面是否也太热? R r R像门板要倒下,找根短棍支撑它。小r写的像根草,才吐两片嫩嫩芽。 S S S像长蛇在爬行, 小蛇也学大蛇走,长短高低要分清。 T t 小写t的像鱼钩,大写的T像铁锚。

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④week(星期) There are days in a week. They are , , , , , and . ⑤时间短语: 周末下周上周明天昨天 今晚或今天早上今天下午 ♀in spring/summer/January/February/March on Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday ⑥时刻(at) at seven o’clock at nine o’clock at six thirty 4.Food and drinks(食品与饮料) ①western food(西方食品) cake (面包) hot dog hamburger (鸡腿) French fries coke (果汁) water tea coffee ice-cream ②eastern food(东方食品) 米饭 fish 猪肉 mutton 面条牛肉 汤 egg ③Vegetable(蔬菜) 卷心菜茄子 , green beans, tofu , 土豆 番茄黄瓜 , onion , 胡萝卜 ④Fruit(水果) 桃子 ,梨 ,orange ,西瓜 , apple , banana , 草莓 , 葡萄 , ♂关于味觉的单词 可口的或 ,健康的 ,甜的 ,酸的 , 新鲜的 ,咸的 ,饿了 ♂餐具 盘子 ,叉子 , knife , 勺子 , 筷子

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( ) ?当你很惊讶地看到一只大鹅时,应说:?????????? ?? ??? ? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ◆???◆● ? ?? ???? ? ??? ???? ? ( ) 当你把物品给别人时,应说:?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??◆ ???? ?????? ?? ??? ( ) 当你正在找玩具汽车时,应说:????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ( ) ?当看到别人要摔跤时,应说:???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?◆?? ?????? ?? ??? ( ) ?当别人对你说“??? ??? ??◆?”时,你应该回答 ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??◆? ????? ?●? ??? ??◆? ?? ??? ?? ??◆ ??? ( ) 当你上课迟到了,你应该对你的老师 ???说 ???????? ??????? ??◆ ???? ?◆??? ??????? ??? ●???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ( ) 询问别人的名字怎么说:??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????

【新版】小升初英语名词专项

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