对比和典型的英语和汉语之间相互转换的句型

对比和典型的英语和汉语之间相互转换的句型
对比和典型的英语和汉语之间相互转换的句型

对比和典型的英语和汉语之间相互转换的句型

文摘:英国人倾向分析、线性和抽象思维模式。分离主体与客体的一群,而中国易于合成、螺旋和具体思维模式的主体与客体的统一。思维方式的差异导致不同的典型的句型。英文句子是典型NP pastern S = + VP;在中国,它是话题+ S =评论。对比两公式的姿态互相主题等方面,选择句子的风格。句法单位的天性和主题。知识可以提供更清晰的观察那些对比和指导的句型转换这两种语言之间。在转变,从中国译成英语,而语言是通常倾向于为了在英汉转化。

关键词:典型的句型、对比,转变。

介绍

尤金:(1983:12一次撤消说道,“交易在于译入语天然源语言壁橱。“充分意识到这种观念作为翻译人员,他们总是发现难以实现的方法,这样的“壁橱。自然”逆的困难多尝试完整的解决方案,因为天生的文化差异和语言,其中的区别是最常面临句型。原因在于这个事实:虽然翻译,译者以句子为交易单位有意识的句型从语言可以直接的影响,甚至决定质量块的翻译。在他的书《句法结构在1957年出版,乔姆斯基提出一个句子有两个层次的结构:深层结构和表层结构。(胡壮麟,2001:235)前者是指底层关系目标和动词之间;后者指音韵表达的前,通常是被认为是接近人能辨别和接受。从这点来看,交易的过程中寻求相当于用另一种语言表层结构。因此充分知识存在着的差异句型用目标语与源语就显得更为重要。当然,有些梳理原则也被应用于这样的改变成功。

1、不同的典型的句型和潜在的思维方式不同

1.1不同的典型的句型

传统的英语语法的句子当做一个语言单位的定义,还配有一个主语和一个谓语。在1960年的美国语法学家乔姆斯基(胡壮麟,2001:115)提出的英语句子下面的公式为:S = NP + VP。尽管表达上的差异,这两个概念是相同的内涵:主语和动词是必要的,典型的英语句型。汉语语法,发展的影响下,英语语法,也试图决定了句子,以相同的方式。比如,中国学者和高除王力先生曾说,汉语句子也遵循同样的pattern-subject + verb-as英语句子。(蔡基刚,2001:172)然而,最近的研究显示,这一定义并不适用于近50%的汉语句子。分析了沈xiaolong句型采用文汇路的一部小说。好,认为49.6%的句子,或者一共1054枚,掉下这句话,幸好消防队员及时赶到那场大火。”他不能分析在"主题+动词“公式。相反,它会更适合于分析句子当做“S =话题+注释"。以“那场大火”为主题,以“幸好消防队员及时赶到”的评论。一个字,英文典型句型是话题+ S =评论。不同起源于不同思维模式。

1.2的对比,思维方式

分析思维方式与1.2.1。合成的思维方式

这样的大师的冲击下根据弗朗西斯Bascon,英国已经发展了一种分析的思维方式。换句话说,他们倾向于把对象隔离开来,并考虑以他们的成分部分。因此,重点放在各个部分及其相互关系。事实上,西方医学治疗人类系统作为大会应当证明不同器官的特点。

另一方面,中国古代相信人与自然的统一,而且信念深深影响着中国人的思维方式:对象,具体或抽象是否被认为是由于综合。当然,重点放在整个而不是在其独立的部件。以中药为例:它把人类作为一个整体系统和药物治疗不仅规定的境况不佳的部分。

在思维方式,所以语言。不同的思维方式产生了不同的倾向,语言:英语语言是以倾向,强调以正式连接;汉语往往是并列,有非常大的压力对逻辑与铬的一致。

正统的思维方式与载螺旋的思维方式

假设一个学英语的学生和中国学生要借一本字典来自同一个老师。英语的学生将会州他的意图后,立即做了简要的问候。中国学生来说,然而,是最可能会出现大量的pleasantry同意在h 来点,按照附件、委婉美德自古以来的礼貌。摘要不同的方法上的差异,本文的工作思路:英语倾向于遵循一个正统的,强调“第一件事”,而中国更有可能跟随一个螺旋,强调circumlocution,也就是说,“pleasantry第一。”

因此,英语强调形式和功能之间的关系;而在这样的信件是中国限制相对宽松。相反的重点是放在语义连贯和一致性。

1.2.3主体与客体的分离与他们的统一

英国珍惜分离的学科从对象,这样的思维方式是针对外在事物,探索它们的影响。换句话说,外物把主要的地位,而在参与自我成为仅仅因为它影响那些外部对象。另一方面,中国古代哲学强调人类的重要性。重点是在基辅孔子名言,一个伟大的学者在古老的中国,曾说(蔡基刚,2001:195)称,“天上的意图,人类是最重要的。”《孟子》、《荀子》另一个学者在古代中国也说,2001:195蔡基刚),“所有的东西都是为人类服务”。这些话放在一个演示实验的重要性up-on人类在中国的思维方式。事实上,人们把人从中国唯一一个能够有意识的行为。

根据不同的思维方式,语言的价值是非常具体的、客观的和非人格化的的,而汉语认为这是一种美德,只作参考之用,个人。

抽象思维模式和1.2.4。具体的思维方式

根据英国,这个世界是由抽象的单位,若干相应的规则。换句话说,他们倾向于抽象的概念与具体的描述。也就是说,他们很容易混凝土的思维方式。

对比难免给她留下了后遗症在语言:英语强调形式和功能之间的关系,中国倾向于强调语义一致性。作为一个结果,英语有非常严格的规章制度和正式的连贯性和紧凑;汉语,相反,呼吁更多的读者参与解码。

思维模式提供了这种现象的潜在机制的产生及发展,语言;反过来,就发现它的表达在后者。语言不仅是一个整体,但主要载体,一定的思维方式。在他的轮廓的古典汉语语法、埃德温·g滑轮空白曾经写道:“在把英语和许多其他语言的使用实体采用隶属关系明确标志连接和语言形态,中国经常使用意合,离开关系是推断出来的考验。“换句话说,英语有一种倾向之间的一致性和平滑度、正式加入的话,词的条款,参考文献和其他与连接连接的设备。在其他的手,中国有相近或语义一致性对意;它的字,词和条文比较松散的关联的形式”。这样的结果对比自然不同的句型:NP + VP的话题+英语和汉语的评论。

2。典型的对比句型

2.1的对比,主题结构

主题的结构成分是由两个部分组成:主题、押韵。(Tompson,2000:132)。前者是定义为出发点的信息或地面的飞机起飞条款。后者指剩下的结构。大致说来,主题结构或主题结构两种不同的组成部分:无标记和有标记。如果主题和主题是一个结构,其内;如果不是,它就会被标志。所以,在她的作品,在下午”,其内的主题结构,而在“下午她工作”,是标志。在狭义的主题结构仅包括标志。

2.2的对比,偏爱句子句之间风格和层次

对比分为两个方面,即偏爱句子句之间风格和层次。以下是引用两个文本说明这一点:

也安全的,到1689年,是一个有代表性的政府的原则,测试,对这两个标准提出了有效的宪法

在前一章。有一个真正的权利的平衡对英国社会,表达自己的Whigand保守党的聚会。作为勉强局限于特权阶级的,他们仍然代表了不同的派别和倾向。选举意味着在不同的现实选择,协调双方和个性。(哇,J.P,2000:2)

把成功的三个条件拿来分析一下,天资是由“天”决定的,我们无能为力.机遇是不期而来的,我

们也无能为力.只有勤奋一项是完全由我们自己决定的,我们必须在这一项上狠下功夫.在这里,古人的教导也多得很,还是先举韩文公.他说:“业精于勤,荒于嬉,毁于随;行成于思。”这两句话是大家再熟悉不过的了(季羡林2000:1)。

在2.2.1对比偏爱句子的风格

有四个句子在英文文本引用,三种是复杂的句子,依靠词汇和语法手段或一致性。“作为首要标准”是一个提到的“两个标准”,而“他们”在第三句相当于“辉格党和保守党聚会”前面句子所陈

述〔的情形。在过去的句子,“选举”与“代表政府”。其实也许被视为最后判决的自然结果前的句子。多亏了各种连接。英语是一种语言占主导地位的长句子,所发现的小说,技术作品中,

演讲和其它类型的文本。

总之,英语长句的偏爱,其各组成部分的表面上密切相关。而汉语采用短句子时,其成分松散的语义连贯。然而在外观

在第2.2.2对比等级界限条款

在英语句子,条款是服从达到平衡及提供信息的主要条款可能没有包括。在示例文本”,这两个标准测试提出了有效的宪法前提出的在前一章“弥补主要条款不明确。

在句法单位2.3对比

在现代语言学研究透露,话是不自然的句法单位英文句子。相反,句法单位主要是短语和词组,有不同的类别和伟大的多。他们包括没有言语,介词短语、分词的结构、形容词短语、副词短语,不定式结构和绝对的结构,与名词词组和动词短语的最常见的工作。所有的短语可分为设置或non-set,固定包括成语和另一组结构,如“落魄”、“上下”和“一次并且从不”;non-set短语结构的基础上建构语法,或者更确切地说,规则集合。

3。原则的句型转换之间的英语和中文

目前有许多争议,为单位的翻译。一些认为单词应该单位,另一些人则认为句子,还有一些转到文本。事实上,他们都把句子翻译单位,尽管他们自己的争斗。Pter Newmark曾说道:“这句话是“自然的翻译单位,正如它是天然的单位的理解和记录的思想。(彭长江,2001:65)”。不应该被误解的概念,它并不意味着要处理句子独立于彼此。相反,邻近的句子中应采取references-while consideration-as译者处理一个句子。所以句子翻译可以是一个决定性因素的一块质量的翻译。然而,有效的翻译方法并没有这么容易获得的。

3.1原则从中国转型成英语

因为不同的典型句型的变化,中国典型句型译成英语应着眼于海波出租车,这包括:

主题的转变成这个主题。许多中国人拥有一个主题的句子,但没有门是必不可少的英文句子。因此需要恢复的主体、一些例子说明:

自从实施改革开放政策以来,中国发生了巨大的变化。

从政策的实施改革开放以来,中国发生了很大的变化。

中文句子的主题是“自从实施改革开放政策以来”。在其翻译,巨大的"变化"或"变化"渲染的接管为主题,按照英语的特点。下面是两个实例,说明。

全球变暖的速度正在增加。

全球变暖的速度增加。

结论

本文主要讨论了不同的思维方式和相应比较典型的英语和汉语句型在风格、主题结构、句法单位和主题。接下来是一些基本原理为他们的inter-transformation,尤其在翻译英语长句。由于内在的差异在语言、文化、语言环境和思维方式,信息在翻译的损失是不可避免的,因此总翻译是不可能的,这就要求之间总谚语语言。这样的谚语,如果确实存在,很少发现。例如,英语谚语“胆小的像只兔子”,它应该“胆小如鼠”的中国同行不会将对方。他们不同的联想意义:兔子的形象是一个可爱的质量、清洁、名誉和宁静。而“鼠”是一个是指动物的,脏的,令人讨厌,总是令力推在黑暗中。然而,不可能的翻译不需要相对的翻译。所有语言的目的是为了促进交流。大的差异,他们不能消灭的相似性。事实上,似乎是一种。克莱恩可译性,而不是一个清晰的二分法,也就是说,物品和文本或多或少不适译。

当然,对比和本文的议案不能解决所有的难题在翻译的过程中,也完全扭转尴尬”译者叛徒”的处境。然而,它可能揭示和提供指导的多年生的和减轻难堪。

书目

翻译[M].艾凡J的法案,1983

哎呀,日本。课程介绍磷分析理论与方法[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2000年

上海复旦大学出版社蔡基刚英汉写作对比研究[M]. 2001

高登亮英汉民族的认识思维及表达方式的对比[J]延边大学学报社科版(73)1997

胡壮麟语言学教程[M].北京北京大学出版社2001

季羡林成功[J]读者(19)2000

金惠康跨文化交际与翻译[M].北京中国对外翻译出版公司2003

李运兴英汉语篇翻译[M].北京清华大学出版社2003

彭长江英汉-汉英翻译教程[M].长沙湖南师范大学出版社2002

中国翻译编辑部编论英汉翻译技巧[M].北京中国对外翻译出版公司1986

英语经典句型

新经典句型 1.他刚一入住宾馆就过来看我。 ①He came around to see me immediately/the moment he checked in the hotel. ②Hardly/Scarcely had he checked in the hotel when he came around to see me. ③No sooner had he checked in the hotel than he came around to see me. He had no sooner checked in the hotel than he came around to see me. 2.我还没来得及阻止他,他就已经跑掉了。 He ran off before I could stop him. 3.要过很久我们才能见面。 It will be long before we meet again. 4.一旦你已经决定了要干什么事情,就应该把它做好。 Once you have decided to do something, you should do it well. 5.自从他离开南京以来,我就没收到过他的信。 I haven’t heard from him since he left/ lived in Nanjing. 6.我大学毕业已经八年了。 It is eight years since I graduated from university. 7.他戒烟已经三年了。 It is three years since he smoked. 8.孩子们直到父亲回来才去睡觉。 The children didn’t go to bed until their father came back. Not until their father came back did the children go to bed. (倒装句) It was not until their father came back that the children went to bed. (强调句) 9.当你过马路的时候,你必须小心。 When you cross the road, you must be careful. 10.当我在做作业的时候,奶奶睡着了。 While I was doing my homework, my grandma fell asleep. 11. 当她从公共汽车上下来的时候,他看见她了。 He saw her as she was getting off the bus. (as从句中的动词无特殊要求) 12.随着时间的推移,他对他的工作厌烦了。 As time goes on/With time going on, he is tired of his work. 13.我正在街上走着,这时我看见了一家裁缝店。 I was walking along the street when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. 14.我正要离开,这时天突然下起了雨。 I was about to leave when it began to rain. 15.我刚做完作业,这时电话响了。

英语比较句型用法归纳.doc

英语比较句型用法归纳 巩勃 (1)原级比较: 例: English is not so difficult a subject as Russia. 英语不是和像俄语一样难的科目。 Their bones are not as thick as adults’. 他们的骨头和成年人的不一样厚。 (2)一方超过另一方: 例: The weather of this year is a lot hotter than that of last year. 今年的气候比上一年的气候要热得多。 (3)一方不如另一方: 例:The restoration was so bad that it made some of the buildings less secure than they had been before. 修复工作是如此的糟,以致于它使得一些建筑没有以前安全了。 (4) The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~ The + more + adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + adj + S + V ~~~ (愈 ...愈 ...)例: The harder you work, the more progress you make. 你愈努力,你愈进步。 The more books we read, the more learned we become. 我们书读愈多,我们愈有学问。 (5) more . than与其说倒不如说 例: Smith is more diligent than intelligent. 与其说 Smith 聪明倒不如说他勤奋。 (6) no + 形容词比较级+ than = as +形容词的反义词+ as 例: I am no better at English than you.我的英语不比你好。 (7) that 在前后比较中代替不可数名词和特指的单数可数名词 例: The traditional picture of St Nicholas is quite different from that of Father Christmas. (8)one 在前后比较中代替泛指的单数可数名词。 与例: I prefer a flat in Beijing to one in Nanjing, because I want to live near my Mom's. 南京相比我更喜欢在北京有一套公寓,因为我想跟我妈妈住一起。 (9) those 在前后比较中代替特指的复数可数名词。 例: Salaries are higher here than those in my country. 这儿的工资比我们国家的高。 (10) ones 在前后比较中代替泛指的复数可数名词 例: Cars do cause us some health problems --- in fact far more serious ones than mobile phones do.汽车确实给我们的身体健康带来问题,事实上比手机造成的问题更严重。 特殊的比较句型: (1) A differs from B in that(A 不同于 B 在于 ) 例: She differs from her sister in the color of her eyes. 她眼睛的颜色跟她姐姐不同。 (2) ...varies from person to person( 是因人而异的) 例: The opinion of the problem varies from person to person. 对这个问题的看法是因人而异的。

高中英语书面表达经典句型

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中学英语重点词汇和句型用法讲解(上) 中学英语重点词汇和句型用法 1. 提建议的句子: ①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如:What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如:Why don’t you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ?如:Why not go shopping? ④Let’s + do sth. 如:Let’s go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.?如:Shall we/ I go shopping? 2. first of all首先 to begin with一开始 later on后来、随 3. also也而且(用于肯定句)常在句子的中间 either也(用于否定句)常在句末 too也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末 4. see sb. / sth. doing看见某人正在做某事强调正在发生 see sb. / sth. do看见某人做了或经常做某事如: 如: She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.她看见他正在教室里画画。 5. too many 许多修饰可数名词如:too many girls too much 许多修饰不可数名词如:too much milk much too 太修饰形容词如:much too beautiful 6. used to do sth.过去常常做某事

否定形式:

didn’t use to do sth. used not to do sth. 如:He used to play football after school. 放学后他过去常常踢足球。 Did he use to play football? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. He didn’t use to smoke. 他过去不吸烟。 7. 反意疑问句 ①肯定陈述句+否定提问如:Lily is a student, isn’t she? Li ly will go to China, won’t she? ②否定陈述句+肯定提问如:She doesn’t come from China, does she? Yo u haven’t finished homework, have you? ③提问部分用代词而不用名词如: Lily is a student, isn’t she? ④陈述句中含有否定意义的词如:little, few, never, nothing, hardly 等。 其反意疑问句用肯定式如: He knows little English, does he? 他一点也不懂英语,不是吗? They hardly understood it, did they?他们几乎不明白,不是吗? 8.be interested in sth.对…感兴趣 take an interest in be interested in doing sth.对做…感兴趣 如:He is interested in math, but he isn’t interested in speaking English. 他对数学感兴趣,但是他对说英语不感兴趣。

英语写作常用句型及固定搭配

补充:英语写作常用句型: 句子写的好坏,是文章写作成败的关键。以下一些惯用句型,实用性较强。 一。开头句型: 1.As far as…is concerned,…就……而论 When it comes to sth/doing sth. 当谈论到…… 1)As far as the role of information in the future is concerned, I believe that information will play a more and more important part in people’s decision-making. 2)As far as what was mentioned above is concerned, how can we ignore the advantages travelling brings forth? 就前面所提及的而言,我们怎么可以忽视旅游带来的裨益呢? 2.It goes without saying that…不用说 1)It goes without saying that practice makes perfect. 2)It goes without saying that reading makes a full man. 3. It can be said with certainty that…可以肯定的说 1)It can …… that cultivating a hobby can add fun to our life. 2)It can ….… that because of the knowledge, we can now enjoy a comfortable life which is brought about by advanced technology. 可以肯定地说,正由于知识我们才能享受科技进步所带来的舒适生活。 4. As the proverb says, …有句谚语说 As the saying gose, …俗话说 As the saying puts it, …俗话说 1) As the proverb says, “Honesty is the best policy.”诚实为上策。 2) As………goes, “Diligence makes up for deficiencies.”俗话说:“勤能补拙”。 3)An English proverb says, “Lost time is never found again.” 英国有句谚语说的好:“光阴如流水,一去不复回。” 5. It has to be noticed that …必须注意的是…… 1)It has to be noticed that the air we breathe is already seriously polluted by the exhaust factories and vehicles give off. 必须注意的是:我们呼吸的空气已经被工厂和交通工具所释放的废气严重污染了。 2) It has to be noticed that market all over the country are swamped with fake and poor quality products and this has greatly harmed the state’s interests and people’s health. 必须注意的是:假冒伪劣的产品充斥全国市场,这种情况大大损害了国家利益和人 民的健康。 6. It’s generally recognized that …人们普遍认为 1) It’s generally recognized that college students shouldn’t try to reach after what is beyond their grasp when they choose to find a good job after graduation.人们普遍认为大学生 在大学毕业后想找一个好工作时,不应该追求超出他们能力以外的目标。 2)It’s generally recognized that lazy hands makes a man poor, while diligent hands bring

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