如何提高小学英语阅读理解能力资料讲解

如何提高小学英语阅读理解能力

摘要

选择适合小学生阅读的材料，激发阅读兴趣。指导阅读方法，养成良好的阅读习惯，提高学生的阅读能力，为终身学习打基础。

关键词：

阅读能力，阅读习惯，阅读方法，策略

英语是传输信息的重要工具之一。一个人英语阅读能力的高低，往往决定了他吸收有用的信息的数量和质量。新课标指出：“要达到这样的目标，没有足够的语言输入量是不行的。”成功的英语教学要依赖大量的语言材料和语言实践。在阅读训练中，它可以帮助学生得到乐趣，获取信息，培养学生的英语阅读理解能力，使学生养成良好的英语阅读习惯，具有正确的阅读技巧，拥有主动学习的能力和合作精神，为终身学习打下基础。但是小学生由于刚刚开始学习英语，受所学知识内容的局限，教师往往忽视对学生阅读能力的培养，这不利于学生的终身学习的发展。因此，从小学阶段开始教师就应该有意识培养学生良好的英语阅读能力策略。我在以下几方面做了些尝试：

一、选材恰当，激发阅读兴趣

新课标指出：小学英语课程的目的首先是激发学习兴趣，培养英语学习的积极态度，使他们建立初步的学习英语的自信心，培养一定的语感…为进一步学习打下基础。因此，在阅读内容的选择上，要注重“兴趣第一”的原则。在二年级的先锋英语教材中，每当老师在教每个单元的故事时，学生的兴趣非常浓，很乐意去读、去模仿，因为故事的内容有趣好玩。选择中、高年级的阅读材料，不仅要趣味性浓，还要贴近生活，以激发学生阅读的兴趣。在教《开心学英语》四年级介词一课后，我就让学生阅读这篇文章并根据内容四人小组画出相应的图画：Sue is very messy. That’s her room. The doll is under the bed. The lamp is on the chair. The stuffed animal is in the box. The puzzle is in front of the bookcase. The violin is between the bed and the chair. Her glasses are next to the table. 阅读内容都是学生熟悉的材料，学生参与热情高涨，兴趣浓厚。五、六年级可以选择学生们喜欢的有动物的故事，如：Three little pigs, Cry wolf, The ugly ducking。也可以选择有逻辑性的文章，如：Six monkeys are sitting in a tree. They have hats on their hands. Two hats are yellow. Two hats are red. One hat is blue and one hat is green. The first monkey is fat. The second monkey is thin. They have the same color hats. The third monkey is black. His hat is not blue. The fourth monkey has a green hat. The fifth monkey has a red hat. He is small. The sixth monkey is big. The big monkey and the small monkey have different color hats. 学生读后，学生就给猴子的帽子涂上正确的颜色。在阅读的过程中发展学生的思维，激发学生的阅读兴趣。

二、指导阅读方法，养成良好的阅读习惯

阅读习惯的好坏直接影响着阅读的效率。小学生刚接触英语，并不知道如何很好地去阅读，老师要给学生进行正确的指导，而阅读习惯需要经过一段时间才能养成的。教师要在平时教学中应有计划地、不断地养成学生的阅读习惯。在每次进行阅读训练时，我都从这几方面对学生进行阅读习惯的培养：

1、培养学生默读的习惯

研究证明，在阅读过程中学生默读是很好的做法，默读且不干扰他人，能帮助学生形成积极的阅读态度，培养学生为了获取信息和为了乐趣读书的阅读做法，又发展学生了学生在课堂之外的时间里独立熟练的阅读能力。当阅读一开始教师就应提醒学生不要以朗读的方式进行，教师里应形成一种默读的良好氛围。

2、培养学生猜词的习惯

新课标指出：“培养学生在阅读时能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义。”小学生一旦遇到不懂的单词就会急于问老师、问同学或查电子词典。这样会使学生产生依赖思想，影响阅读的速度，也不利于良好学习习惯的形成和学生智力的开发。因此，在阅读教学过程中，教师要引导学生通过上下文，文章背景知识等猜出词意。

3、培养学生给重点句做标记的习惯

小学生在进行阅读训练时，一般都是把文章看一次或两次就进行答题，但大多数学生的答案准确率不高，在阅读题中失分较多。所以，老师在进行阅读教学时，要引导学生把与题目相关的句子用横线划起来，再结合题目的内容进行对比与分析，恰当使用阅读技巧与方法，将会达到事半功倍的效果。

三、开展阅读交流活动，分享阅读的乐趣

阅读能为学生提供大量的语言输入，使他们从阅读中汲取各种知识及信息。开展阅读交流活动，给学生创设一个自我展示的舞台，分享阅读的乐趣。我通常在课前五分钟让学生进行daily talk, 内容可以是故事演讲、朗诵儿歌、西方文化介绍或小表演等，每月进行一次“ 英语才艺之星”的评选。鼓励学生在进行阅读时做阅读笔记，将自己感兴趣的词汇和喜欢的语句摘抄下来，定期组织好词好句的交流和评赏，丰富了学生的语言积累，为学生的写作做铺垫。

四、以读导写，拓展阅读能力

英语的学习，仅靠语言的输入还难以使学生形成运用英语的能力，还需要大量的语言输出－“说”和“写”来促进学生对语言知识的掌握与运用。长期以来，英语教学中普遍强调听、说、读的技能，而写的技能成了教师和学生共同的难题。通过以读导写的方式，有效地提高学生的写作水平。

以读导写就是教师指导学生通过阅读相关内容的文章，了解句子的语言结构，然后将其运用到写作中，从而提高写作能力。例如，在教《开心学英语》五年级When’s your birthday? 一课后，引导学生阅读关于birthday的文章，学生阅读后回答下列的问题：1. Which season is your birthday in? 2.When’s your birthday?

3. Do you have a birthday every year?

4. What do you do at your birthday party?

5. Do you have a good time at your party? 学生回答完问题后，老师引导他们根据每个问题的答案，用自己的话进行口述“My birthday”, 然后把口头语言用书面语言表达出来。如：Hello! My name is Tina. My birthday is in summer. It’s in August. It’s on August 3rd. I have a birthday party every year. Many friends come to my birthday party. We sing and dance at the party. We play cards , play games, eat birthday cake and drink orange juice ,too. We have a good time at the party. 以读导写，拓展了学生的阅读能力，减轻了学生写作的心理压力，同时也让学生感受到写作的乐趣。

小学生阅读能力策略的培养需要一个较长的过程，学生在阅读的实践中，词汇量得到增加，积累了丰富的语句，开阔了英语的视野，养成了良好的阅读习惯，阅读能力和写作能力也得到不断的提高。

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(完整版)小学四年级英语阅读理解20篇)

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There are forty-two students in our class . There are also two American boys . They are Jack and Mike . They are our good friends . They like watching TV ,but they don’t like playing basket-ball .They often go to school by bike . And I often go to school on foot . There is one English girl in our class . Her name is Lucy . She likes playing basketball and she also likes swimming . She usually does her homework in the evening . She often watches TV on Saturday afternoons . She is my good friend . All of the Chinese students are Yong Pioneers . 根据短文内容，判断正（T）误（F）。 ( ) 1. There are thirty-nine Chinese students in our class . ( ) 2. There are two American girls and one English boy in our class . ( ) 3. Jack and Mike are our good friends . ( ) 4. Jack and Mike like playing basketball . ( ) 5. Lucy often does her homework on Saturday afternoons . 【答案】TFTFF

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