美国文学2大纲

美国文学2大纲
美国文学2大纲

潍坊学院美国文学(二)课程(课程编码)教学大纲适用专业:英语语言文学本科总学时:36 学分:2学分

一、说明:

1、本课程的目的、任务。

“美国文学(二)”系英语专业本科学生的专业必修课,第七学期开设。其目的在于让学生在具备了一定的英语语言基础知识,一定的英美文化基础知识以及良好掌握美国文学(一)所学知识的基础之上, 对美国后期文学有一个全面系统的认识,对影响美国文学发展的现实主义、自然主义、地方色彩文学、现代主义、南方文学等有较为深入的了解,并对美国内战、第一次世界大战、第二次世界大战三个主要时期所出现的知名作家及其代表作有一个初步的了解,进而做到欣赏。

2、本课程的教学要求

本课程是高等院校英语语言文学专业的一门高年级专业必修课。本课程要求学生系统、全面地掌握美国文学史上美国内战、第一次世界大战、第二次世界大战三个重要的发展阶段。教学内容包括这三个时期的文学的不同特色、不同流派、代表作家及其代表作品的特点。

第一章讲解现实主义文学。主要介绍现实主义文学产生的历史背景、影响现实主义文学的思潮以及现实主义代表作家与作品。本部分的重点在于现实主义文学及其两个重要的分枝:地方色彩文学和自然主义文学。同时,从总体上讲解亨利·詹姆斯、W·D·豪厄尔斯、马克·吐温三位现实主义作家在写作风格、作品所关注的社会阶层、创作理论等各方面的异同。自然主义文学部分着重介绍德莱塞及其代表作。

第二章介绍二十世纪的文学。二十世纪,特别是第一次世界大战后,人们的思想空前活跃。人们不断尝试采用新的方法来表现战后颓废的精神世界以及拜金主义横行的物质世界,各种文学流派纷纷出现。本章主要讲解这一时期出现的意象派、迷茫的一代、左翼自然主义文学、南方文学及其代表作家。

本课程以讲授为主,自学为辅。为了使课程生动活泼,采用多媒体课件的辅助授课方式。力求用生动的画面加深学生对所学知识的理解。同时,使用网络资源搜集尽可能多的相关资料来丰富课堂教学。注重培养学生对所学知识的理解及运用能力,使之能结合作家所处的特殊历史时期对作家及其代表作本身的本质内涵有较为深入的了解。让学生在学习过程中逐渐培养一定的文学修养及文学欣赏能力。通过学习,要求学生对加深对美国的历史、文化、风

土人情的了解;进而了解文学作品的产生渊源、意义以及影响。

教学大纲是参考性文件,教师在保证完成教学大纲所规定的基本要求的前提下,使用时可以灵活掌握和作适当调整。与本大纲配套的教材是由吴伟仁主编的高等学校文科教材《美国文学史及选读》(外语教学与研究出版社出版)。

二、课程内容及课时分配

第一章现实主义文学(17 课时)

第一节现实主义文学概论

一、历史背景

二、现实主义文学的特点

三、现实主义与浪漫主义的差别

第二节现实主义时期的两位诗人

一、惠特曼:生活经历,重要作品:《自我之歌》、《我坐在这儿眺望着》,写作风格,在文学史上的重要地位。

二、爱米莉·狄金森:生活经历,重要作品:《我为美而死》、《我不能等候死神》,写作风格,在文学史上的重要地位。

第三节心理现实主义

一、亨利·詹姆斯:生活经历,重要作品:《贵夫人画像》

二、文学理论,写作风格,在文学史上的重要地位。

第四节地方色彩文学

一、地方色彩文学的定义

二、地方色彩文学的发展史

三、地方色彩文学的特点

四、马克·吐温:生活经历,重要作品:《汤姆·索娅历险记》、《哈克·贝利芬历险记》,写作风格,在文学史上的重要地位。

第五节自然主义

一、自然主义的定义、起源

二、自然主义文学的特点

三、德莱塞:生活经历,重要作品:《嘉丽妹妹》、《珍妮姑娘》,《美国悲剧》,写

作风格,在文学史上的重要地位。

【本章教学目的与要求】本章的重点在于现实主义及其两个重要分枝的特点、代表作家、代表作品。通过讲授,使学生掌握现实主义、自然主义、地方色彩文学的基本知识。

第二章二十世纪的美国文学(19课时)

第一节现代主义

一、现代主义概论

二、现代主义的历史背景

三、艾略特:生活经历,重要作品:《荒原》

四、艾略特:写作理论、写作风格,在文学史上的重要地位。

五、弗罗斯特:生活经历,重要作品:《雪夜林边停》、《没有走的路》,写作风格,在文学史上的重要地位。

第二节意象派文学

一、意象派文学的创作原则

二、庞德:生活经历,重要作品:《合同》、《地铁站台》,写作风格,在文学史上的重

要地位。

第三节迷茫的一代

一、历史背景

二、迷茫的一代的写作特色

三、菲兹杰拉德:生活经历,重要作品:《了不起的盖茨比》,写作风格,在文学史上

的重要地位。

四、海明威:生活经历,重要作品:《太阳照样升起》、《永别了武器》,《战地钟声》,

文学理论,写作风格,在文学史上的重要地位。

第四节南方文学

一、南方的神话

二、南方的价值观

三、福克纳:生活经历,重要作品:《喧哗与骚动》,写作风格,在文学史上的重要地

位。

【本章教学目的与要求】通过讲授,让学生了解这一历史时期的特点,对人们生活产生重大影响的思潮与价值观。要求学生掌握这一时期的重要文学流派、代表作家、代表作品。

三、推荐教材及参考书目

1、常耀信,《美国文学简史》,南开大学出版社,1990。

2.常耀信,《美国文学选读》,南开大学出版社,1991。

3.胡荫桐、刘树森,《美国文学教程》,南开大学出版社,1995。4.钱青,《美国文学名著精选》,商务印书馆,1999。

5.金莉秦亚青,《美国文学》,外语教学与研究出版社,1999。6.李公昭,《新编美国文学选读》,西安交通大学出版社,1999。7.李公昭,《20世纪美国文学导论》,西安交通大学出版社,2000。8.刘守兰,《英美名诗解读》,上海外语教育出版社,2003。

各章讲授参考学时数

美国文学重点的名词解释

New England Transcendentalism: Philosophically, Transcendentalism means the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses. New England Transcendentalism stress the importance of the Over-soul, the Individual and Nature. Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism include the idea that nature is enabling and the individual is divine and therefore, self-reliant. The leading figure of New England Transcendentalism is Emerson and Thoreau. American Romanticism: It is one of the most important periods in the history of American literature that stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. Being a period of the great flowering of American literat ure, it is also called “the American Renaissance.” American romantic works emphasize the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. Romanticists include such literary figures as Washington Irving, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, William Cullen Bryant, Henry Wordsworth Longfellow, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allen Poe, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman and some others. Free Verse: Poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme American Puritanism: The first settlers who came to America wer e called “Puritans”, so named after because they wished to “purify” the religious practice in the church. They established their own religious and moral principles as American Puritanism, which stressed predestination, original sin, total depravity, and li mited atonement from God’s grace. American Puritanism is one of the enduring influences in American thought and American literature. American Puritanism was greatly influenced by Calvinism. Symbolism: Symbolism is the practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing symbolic meanings or significance to objects, events, or relationships. American Literature: Literature refers to body of work which for whatever reason deserves to be preserved as part of the reproduction of meaning within a given culture. It mainly includes novel, drama, poetry, short stories, biography and some other forms. American Literature refers to literature written by Americans in English. Epic A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down. Analysis "To a Waterfowl" is written in iambic trimeter and iambic pentameter, consisting of eight stanzas of four lines. The poem represents early stages of American Romanticism through celebration of Nature and God's presence within Nature. Bryant is acknowledged as skillful at depicting American scenery but his natural details are often combined with a universal moral, as in "To a Waterfowl" Figures of speech alliteration metaphor anaphora personification:

申请留学美国的流程及条件

申请留学美国的流程及条件 第一步:了解基本学制 美国的大学,除了较少的学校采用Quarter制一年有四个Quarter 外,绝大多数都采用学期Semester 制,每年有两个学期,于8月底及1月份开学,分别称为秋季学期和春 季学期。与中国的高中学制相匹配的是秋季学期,但因为申请截止日期和申请材料完备的 问题,许多学生都没有办法申请到毕业当年的秋季学期。许多学校就设立春季学期,让学 生多了一个入学的机会。 因为有了两个学期,所以美国大学都有申请截止日期。一般情况下为Deadline和 Early Decision两种。Early Decision通常在头一年的10月底至12月;Deadline在1月到4月不定,多数学校集中在1月和4月,学生要按照学校的规定及时寄送申请材料。同时,还有一些学校采用了Rolling制度,即不设定申请截止日期,若一个学生太晚申请, 以致错过了秋季学期的申请时效,校方会自动将学生的申请资料延至招收春季班学生时再 审核,这样不仅使得申请的学生从此不用担心学校截止日太早,对校方而言,在招生时也 有较多学生可供筛选。 第二步:提供材料要全面 申请人需提供的材料包括:1、高中成绩单 Transcripts。要有中英文两份,加盖学 校的公章;2、三封学校老师的推荐信 Recommendations;3、由ETS寄送的托福考试成绩;4、个人陈述Essay 。要选定主题,展现个人风格,幽默,还要诚恳,要表达出适应不同文化对您的意义。进而显示出如果您成为学校的一分子,将如何嘉惠其他同学;5、SAT考试;6、财力证明;7、学校要求的申请费和填好的申请表格。 第三步:申请奖学金 美国大学吸引学生注意的地方就是奖学金。相对研究生来讲,本科的奖学金比较少。 但是优秀的学生还是可以申请到的。主要考察的还是学生本人的综合素质和全面的能力。 第四步:签证注意 签证官的注意力主要放在三方面: 1、学习动机。申请人要让签证官明白自己求学的决心和为之所做的准备。 2、财力证明。申请人要说明自己有能力支付在美国学习和生活的费用。 3、回国理由。这是比较关键的地方,此时,申请人要说明自己在国内和国外的各种 状况,从而肯定会回国发展。

美国文学史-知识点梳理

Part I The Literature of Colonial America I.Historical Introduction The colonial period stretched roughly from the settlement of America in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th. The first permanent settlement in America was established by English in 1607. ( A group of people was sent by the English King James I to hunt for gold. They arrived at Virginia in 1607. They named the James River and build the James town.) II.The pre-revolutionary writing in the colonies was essentially of two kinds: 1) Practical matter-of-fact accounts of farming, hunting, travel, etc. designed to inform people "at home" what life was like in the new world, and, often, to induce their immigration 2) Highly theoretical, generally polemical, discussions of religious questions. III.The First American Writer The first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of these settlements. They wrote about their voyage to the new land, their lives in the new land, their dealings with Indians. Captain John Smith is the first American writer. A True Relation of such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony (1608) A Map of Virginia: A Description of the Country (1612) General History of Virgini a (1624): the Indian princess Pocahontas Captain John Smith was one of the first early 17th-century British settlers in North America. He was one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown, Virginia. His writings about North America became the source of information about the New World for later settlers. One of the things he wrote about that has become an American legend was his capture by the Indians and his rescue by the famous Indian Princess, Pocahontas. IV.Early New England Literature William Bradford and John Winthrop John Cotton and Roger Williams Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor V.Puritan Thoughts 1. The origin of puritan In the mediaeval Europe, there was widespread religious revolution. In the 16th Century, the English King Henry VIII (At that time, the Catholics were not allowed to divorce unless they have the Pope's permission. Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife because she couldn't bear him a son. But the Pope didn't allow him to divorce, so he) broke away from the Roman Catholic Church & established the Church of

常耀信美国文学知识点

Introduction 1. The Youngest National Literature 1781 (Independence War) --- 2012= about 200 years 2. Great achievement: 1930-1980, nine American writers won the Nobel Prize The Periods of American Literature 1.The colonial period (约1607 - 1765) 2. The period of enlightenment and Independence War (1765-1800) 3. The romantic period (1800 - 1865) 4. The realistic period (1865 - 1914) 5. The period of modernism (1914 - 1945) 6. The Contemporary Literature (1945 -) Chapter I Colonial America American Puritanism 1. The beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans(most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects) 2. Strictness and austerity in conduct and religion Puritans‘ religio us belief: Calvinism ◆John Calvin, the great French theologian. The principal concepts: 1) Original sin and total depravity. 2) Predestination 3) Salvation of selected few ◆ The Puritans carried with them to America a code of values, a philosophy of life, and a point of view, which, in time, took root in the New world and became what is known as American Puritanism. (p11) The Influence of Puritanism on American Literature 1) Idealism(optimism) 2) Symbolism 3) Simplicity in writing Significance of Puritanism With time passing it became a dominant factor in American life, one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American Literature. To some extent it is a state of mind, a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the American breathes, rather than a set of tenets. Time: From the arrival of the first settlers in the early 17th century to the end of the 18th century Literary Features 1. Forms Personal literature in various forms --- diaries, histories, common books (札记),journals, letters, travel books, sermons etc. 2. Content 1) practical matter-of-fact accounts of farming, hunting, travel, etc. designed to inform people ―at home‖ what life was like in the new world 2) highly theoretical discussions of religious questions. 3. Style In Style, English literary traditions were imitated and transplanted. Early writers in the colonial period John Smith, a captain, one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown, Virginia; the writer of A Description of New England. William Bradford, the first governor of the Plymouth Plantation, his writing: Of Plymouth Plantation (P16) John Winthrop, the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, In his famous speech A Model of Christian Charity ,he states that there was a agreement between God and his people of building a new Garden of Eden in the new world. (P17) Therefore let us choose life, 所以,让我们选择生活, that we and our seed 这样,我们和我们的后代, may live by obeying His 可以听从上帝的声音, voice and cleaving to Him, 须臾不离上帝, for He is our life and 因为,上帝是我们的生命, our prosperity. 我们的兴旺 1

申请去美国留学读研究生的六大步骤(精)

申请去美国留学读研究生的六大步骤 如果您想去美国留学并且获得由美国大学提供的奖学金,那么您最好遵循以下步骤,以节省时间并取得事半功倍的效果: 一、选择专业 要综合考虑你本科所学的专业和今后工作的兴趣,选择一个适合你并且和你所学有较高相关性的专业。 二、参加考试 研究一下你所选的专业是要考GRE还是GMAT,有很多人因为错过了该专业的考试要求白白浪费了很多时间。然后制定考试计划,基础较好的同学可以采取先考GRE(GMAT后考TOEFL的策略,因为GRE(GMAT有效期为五年,而TOEFL有效期仅为两年;一般情况下先考TOEFL为佳,便于词汇的按梯度增加。考试期间应无太多占用时间、精力的事情。 三、选择学校 选择学校可以说是申请出国留学这万里长征的第一步,是否走对这第一步直接关系到整个申请过程是否顺利,选择学校的失误可能会使有着很强的Qualification的人申请几年仍旧滞留国内,相反条件并不优越的人却所向披靡。下面所提的建议也许会对你有所帮助: 1、选择学校应考虑的因素 a.首先要正确估计自己的英语水平,根据自己的英语情况选择合适的学校。 b.了解所选学校的教学、科研水平及专业设置情况是否与自己所选的专业和所从事的研究相近,从而避免因专业不对口所带来的诸多麻烦。

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