新编英美概况
Chapter 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources
1.Choose the correct answer
1-8 CDBACBBB
2.fill in the blanks
1.Canada\Mexico\the Cuff of Mexico\Atlantic Ocean\the Pacific Ocean
2.The Atlantic seacoast west to the Appalachains\The Mississippi River Basin\The Rockies west to the Pacific
3.most densely\flat\fertile
4.productive\fruits\vegetables
5.Louisiana\Texas\Texas\Oklahoma\California\insufficient\40%
6.little\fresh\12%\richest\productive
Chapter 2 American Population
1.Choose the correct answer
1-8 CBDACDCB
2.fill in the blanks
1.third\250
2.1875\permanent residence\morality\race\national origin\national origin\skilled\relatives\270,000\700,000\675,000
3.indentured servants\slaves\1863
4.South\poverty line
5.industrious\intelligent\modle minority\twice
3.Question for discussion
1.Why is the US known as a "melting pot"?
Answer:The United States is known as a "melting pot",meaning that it is composed of immigrants from different nations all over the world.
3.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs?
Answer:The widespread use of automobiles and the construction of express highways made it possible for people to live farther away from their jobs.The telephone reduces the need for them to work or live in close proximity to one another.Besides these economic and techonological changes, important social factors were involved.Subruban areas offered more living space than cities,lower crime rates,less pollution,and superior schools.It is generally believed that they are a better place for rising children.
Indian Reservation
Answer:Ever since the discocery of the New World in 1492, the Indians have been cruelly treated. They were driven to barren desert regions, the so-called "Indian Reservations".
The reservations usually lack adequate health care facilities, educational opportunities,decent housing,and jobs.
Hispanics
Answer:They are the Spanish-speaking immigrants from Latin American countries. The majority traces their roots to Mexico, Pueto Rico,or Cuba.
Chapter3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World
1.Choose the correct answer
1-8 DABBBCDC
2.fill in the blanks
1.Portuguese\the Cape of Good Hope\Spain\Atlantic\the
Cartbbean\West Indians
2.Amerigo Vespueci\America
3.the Virginia Coast\pilgrims\Mayflower Compact
4.appoined by the English King\under proprietors who themselves chose the governors\select governors under self-governing charters
5.fishing\shipbuilding\breadbasket\wheat\potatoes\plantation\tobacco\cotton
3.Question for discussion
4.What was the social structure of the 13 colonies?
Answer:Society in the 13 colonies was like a pytamid.The top was made up of merchants and landlords.The base was made up of refugees from Europe, black slaves from Africa,
and native Indians.
5.Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the
colonies days?
Answer:They could not put up with slaves. If an Indian was enslaved, his fellow tribe menbers would fight to free him.So the co
lonialists soon gave up the attempt to use them
as slave labor.Instead they seized the land of the Indians
and drove them away or killed them.
Mayflower Compact
Answer:It is signed by the pilgrims, establishing a form of
local government in which the colonists agree to stick together,to abide by majority rule,to have the right to choose their leader and cooperate for the general good for the colony. The Compact sets the precedent for other colonies as they set up governments.This was the beginning
of the US democracy.
Thanks-giving day
Answer:In 1620,the puritans in the Mayflower came the Rocky coast of what is now Massachusetts.They suffered the first cold https://www.360docs.net/doc/6d3564990.html,ter with the help and advice of the native Indians,the Pilgrim Fathers planted corn and other crops.They reaped a good harvest the following year, and in October,1621,to celebrate this good harvest, the Pilgrims held a feast which featured wild turkey.They called this their Thanks-giving Day.It falls on the 4th Thursday of November.
ChapterIV
1--8BBCDDDBA
II.
1.control, complement
2.France, Currency, Stamp
3.seaport and Provincial towns, Stamp Act, Violent
4.1774,peaceful, give, boycott,
5.1776, the first declaration,
6.seven,1781,1783,Mississippi River, Great Lakes, Florida, slaves
chapterV
I
1--8DDDCBDCB
II
1.legislate, executive,judicial, tax,
2.1787,55,Rhode Island, George Washington,
3.opposed, decentralized
4.1788,John Adamas, Alexander Hamilton,Thomas Jefferson
5Louisiana purchase , 828000, doubled,
6.2nd war of Independence. unity, patriotism, semi-colonial, independent
p48简答题
1.see page39
2.see p41. the second paragraph: On the evening of March5,1770.......
3.see p40, the third line from last: The colonists, however, still rejecting the idea.....end of the paragraph.
4.独立宣言的主要内容：
see page43, the third line of the second passage:
(1)---(5)
5.see page44, In the middle of the long passage:
Key: The victory at Saratoga was a turning point（转折点） of the war.........
chapter4 American Revolution
1.choose the correct answer
1-8BBCDBDBC
2.Fill in the blanks
1.control\complement
2.France\currency\stamp
3.seaports and provincial\stamp\violence
4.1774\peaceful\give\boycott
5.1776\the first declaration of the rights of the individual
6.seven\1781\Sep.3.1783\Mississippi River\Great lakes\Florida\slaves
3.Questions for Discussion
3.How did the colonies react to the Townshend Act?
Answer:The colonists rejected the idea that the Parliament in Britain had the right to tax them without consent, and reacted to these new duties by refusing to
import any of the taxed goods. This boycott
was fairly successful in bringing financial
hardship to British merchants in England.
Once more adopting an expedient course,the
Parliament canceled the duties in 1770,except for a three-penny tax on each pound of tea.
4.What were the main contents of the Declaration of Independence?
Answer:On J
uly 4,1776,the Declaration of
Independence, drafted by Thomas Jefferson,
was signed by the representatives from all
the colonies.It includes five parts:
(1)the Preamble,which explain why the Declaration was issued.
(2)a statement of principles of government
to which the American people were committed.
(3)a list of injustices suffered by the colonists.
(4)a summary of efforts the colonies had
made to avoid a break with the mother country.
(5)the proclamation that the "Colonies are
Free and Independent States."
Boston Massacre Answer:On the evening of March 5,1770,a clash between American colonists and British soldiers took place in Boston.The
British soldiers fired to the angry people
and killed and wounded many.News of this
'Boston Massacre'spread into other colonies,making the people indignant and
awakening both resentment and anxiety.
The First and Second Continental Congress
Answer:the first continental congress
Beginning to think about the unified resistance to the British measures in Sep.1774,the representatives from all the
colonies except Georgia held a joint meeting in Philadelphia to decide on united
action against the British.This was the First Continental Congress.They agreed to
resist Britain by peaceful means,refused to
buy British goods,and raised a volunteer
army to protect the colonies if Britain used force to break the boycott.
the second continental congress
Answer:It met in Philadelphia in May,1775.
(1)It began to assume the functions of a
national government.
(2)It founded a Continental Army and Navy
under the command of George Washington.
(3)They began to print paper money and opened diplomatic relations with foreign
powers.
(4)It adopted on July 4,1776 the Declaration of Independence which was drafted by Thomas Jefferson.
Stamp Act
Answer:In 1765.Stamp Act,taxing numerous
articles and transations in America to help
pay the costs of British government in the
colonies.
Chapter5 The Confederation and the Constitution
1.choose the correct answer
1-8 ADDCBDCB
2.Fill in the blanks
1.Legislature\executive\judical\contracts
tax
2.1787\55\Rhocle Island\George Washington
3.opposed\decentralize
4.1788\John Adma\Thomas Jefferson
5.Louisiana Purchase\828,000\doubled
6.Second War of Independence\three\unity\
patriotism\semi-colonial\independent
3.Questions for Discussion
3.What does the 'check and balance'mean?
Answer:Separation of powers means constitutional division of powers among the
legislative,executive,and judical branches.
It ensures each of the three branches a
sufficient role in the actions of the others, so no one branch may dominate the others.
5.What were the chief causes of the Wat of
1812?
Answer:1.The acquisition and the exploration of Louisiana made the relation between the US and Britain becoming worse.
2.Being not reconciled to the loss of their
13 colonies, the British always challenged
to battle with the young Republic.
3.In 1807,when one British warship a
ttached
and boarded the American ship,killing or
wounding 21 men and propressing four sailors.
4.Embargo Act in 1807 made the relation
between the US and Britain even worse.
Articles of Confederation
Answer:Shortly before declaring independence in 1776,the second continental
congress appointed a committee to draft a
written constitution for the new nation.
The finished product was the Articled of
Confederation.Adopted by Congress in Nov.1777,this first written constitution
was sent to the 13 states for their approval.
Federalists and Anti-Federalists
Answer:Those who supproted the constitution
and preferred a strong national government
were called Federalistd.Those who opposed
the constitution and preferred a more
decentralized federal system of government
were called Anti-Federalists