成人英语三级翻译资料参考

成人英语三级翻译资料参考
成人英语三级翻译资料参考

成人英语三级翻译资料参考

翻译解题技巧

翻译部分是03年增加的题型。放在试卷的最后,共有10个小题,考试时间30分钟。翻译试题由两部分组成。第一部分为英译汉,要求考生把阅读理解文章中划线的五个句子译成中文。第二部分为汉译英,要求考生把五个难度适中的中文句子译成英文。英译汉和汉译英的句子难度均低于课文的英语文章。评分标准要求译文达意,无重大语言错误。翻译部分的目的是测试学生词汇、语法、句型方面综合运用语言的能力。

这一部分谈两个问题:一是应试技巧;二是实例分析。

第一部分为英译汉

一、英译汉应试技巧

英译汉是运用汉语把英语所表达的思想准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。在英译汉的过程中,有两点值得我们特别地注意:

1、汉语所要表达的是英语原文的内容,即句子或文章的意义,而不是句子结构;

2、在翻译过程中,英语原文的内容要准确而完整地重新表达出来,而不是将两种语言结构进行简单的转换。

英译汉的过程包括理解,分析句架表达和校核三个阶段,因此,在英译汉的过程中,往往需要考生从英语到汉语,再从汉语到英语反复的推敲。

(一)理解

理解阶段的目的在于读懂英语原文, 弄清原文的意思。为了透彻理解原文, 建议考生在复习和应试时采取下列步骤:

1、通读全文。通读全文的目的在于从整体上把握整篇文章的内容,理解划线的部分与文章其他部分之间的语法与逻辑关系。在段落中要搞清划线的句子和其他句子之间的关系,因为孤立地阅读划线部分的英语,往往无法理解该部分的真正含义。一篇好的文章,其前后的意思都互相关联,具有很强的逻辑性,一个单词或句子只有在具体的上下文中才能体现出确切的含义来,因此,上下文能帮助我们正确的理解划线的部分, 通读全文是很重要的。但是,在通读全文的过程中应该注意,对非划线的部分不要花费时间过多,对于其中一些不太容易理解的内容也不必太在意,只是搞清大体意义即可。因为通读全文的目的在于帮助自己理解划线的部分,只要能把该部分理解透彻也就足够了。

2、分析划线部分的句子结构。从一般的翻译试题来看,划线的部分一般来说结构句子都比较复杂。复杂的句子如果不搞清楚它的语法结构,很难达到正确完整地理解原文的要求。因此正确地把握句子的结构是进行正确地翻译的关键。

3、理解分析划线部分的含义。考生不仅要弄清句子中所有实词和虚词的词汇意义, 还要理解全句的整体意义。理解句子的依据除了句子本身之外,还有该句子所处的具体的语言环境。在此阶段应清楚下列问题:

(1)句子中是否含有代词和其他具有指代意义的词,如果有,应根据上下文确定它们指代的内容是什么;

(2)句子中的短语和一些常用的词往往具有多种含义和用法,那么,在该句中它们的具体含义是什么;

(3)按照你的理解, 该部分的意义是否与全篇文章的内容一致, 有无相互矛盾。

总之,在动手翻译之前,首先要读懂原文,不要一上来就急于动手翻译,这样做往往会出现一种情况:该题快要翻译完了,猛然又发现自己理解有误,马上就急忙修改,搞的卷面上一塌糊涂,而且很容易忙中出错, 把本应拿到的分数丢掉了,这是非常令人可惜的。

(二)表达

表达就是译者把自己从英语原文理解的内容用汉语表达出来,理解是表达的基础,表达是理解的结果,但是理解正确并不意味着一定会有正确的表达,平时做翻译练习时有同学反映,有时对原文理解之后还不知如何用汉语表达,就充分说明了这一点。这里介绍两种基本的翻译方法:直译和意译。

1、直译。所谓直译,就是在译文语言条件许可时,在译文中既保持原文的内容,又保持原文的形式。在汉语和英语两种语言中存在着许多共同之处,在对于许多英语句子的翻译过程中,完全可以采取直译的方法,这样可以获得一举两得之功效, 既保持了原文的结构,又正确表达了原文的内容。但是直译不是死译和硬译,象“It is asserted that…;It is believed that…”这一类的结构, 如果直译过来那就不伦不类了。

2、意译。汉语和英语分别属于不同的语系,两者在词汇、句法结构和表达方法上具有很多的差异。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不易采用直译的方法处理时, 就应采用意译法,意译就是不拘泥于原文的形式,重点在于正确表达原文的内容。例如:“Do you see any green in my eye?”象这样的句子,只能采取意译的方法,把它翻译为“你以为我是好欺骗的吗?”当然,意译并不等于乱译,胡乱地翻译是不符合“忠实”的翻译标准的。

在具体的翻译过程中,我们应该采取灵活的方法,不论是直译还是意译,只要是符合“忠实、通顺”的翻译原则,都是可取的。在翻译的过程中,我们务必注意以下几点:

A、理解透彻之后再动手表达, 否则表达的结果会令人莫名其妙;

B、切忌在翻译时把汉语和英语对号入座, 逐字逐句的对号入座的结果往往是不伦不类;

C、切忌擅自增减词意, 增减意义与翻译技巧中经常提到的增词法与减词法根本就不是一回事。

(三)校核

校核阶段是理解与表达的进一步深化,是对原文内容进一步核实以及对译文语言进一步推敲的阶段,因此,校核是翻译过程中一个很重要的阶段,并不是可有可无的,通过表达之后的校核,我们可以发现译文的一些问题,确保自己理解的内容很有把握地得到分数。在校核阶段,一般应注意与下列各项有关的问题(1)人名、地名、日期、方位和数字等;(2)汉语译文的词与句有无错漏;(3)修改译文中译错或表达不够准确的句子、词组或词汇;(4)有无错别字;(5)标点符号是否有误。

二:英译汉实例分析

The Olympic Games are the greatest festival of sports in the world.

1) Every four years, a hundred or more countries send their best sportsmen to compete for the highest honors in sport. As many as 6,000 people take part in over 20 sports. For the winners, there are gold medals and glory. But there is honor, too,

for all who compete, win or lose. That is in spirit of the Olympics--- to take part is what matters.

The Olympic Games always start in a bright color and action. The teams of all the nations parade in the opening ceremony and march round the track. The custom is for the Greek team to march in first . For it was in Greece that the Olympics began.

2) The team of the country where the Games are being held---the host country ----marches in last. The runner with the Olympic torch then enters the stadium and lights the flame.

3) A sportsman from the host country takes the Olympic oath on behalf of all the competitors. The judges and officials also take an oath. After the sportsmen march out of the stadium, the host country puts on a wonderful display.

The competitors begin the next day. There are usually more than twenty sports in the Games. The rule is that there must be at least fifteen. The main events are in track and field , but it is a few days before these sports start. Each day the competitors take part in a different sport ---riding, shooting, swimming, and cross-country running. Points are gained for each event.

4) Medals are awarded for the individual winners and for national teams.

5) More and more women are taking part in the games. They first competed in 1900, in tennis and golf, which are no longer held in the Olympics. Women’s swimming events were introduced in 1912. But it was not until 1928 that there were any track and field events for women. Now they compete in all but half a dozen of the sports. In horse riding, shooting, and boat

racing, they may compete in the same events as the men.

6) Every land has its own dining custom, and the United States is no exception. Americans feel that the first rule of being a polite guest is to be on time. If a person is invited to dinner at 6;30,the hostess expects him to be there at 6:30 or not more than a few minutes after. Because she usually does her own cooking , she times the meal so that the coffee and meat will be at their best at the time she asks the guest to come.

7) If he is late, the food will not be so good, and the hostess will be disappointed. When the guest cannot come on time, he calls his host or hostess on the telephone, gives the reason, and tells at what time he thinks he can come.

As guests continue to arrive, the men in the group stand when a woman enters and remain standing until she has found a chair. A man always rises when he is being introduced to a woman.

8) A woman does not rise when she is being introduced either to a man or a woman unless the woman is much older.

9) When the guests sit down at a dinner table, it is customary for the men to help the ladies by pushing their chairs under them. Even an American may be confused by the number of knives, forks, and spoons beside his plate when he sits down to a formal dinner. The rule is simple, however: use them in the order in which they lie, beginning from the outside. Or watch the hostess and do what she does.

10)The small fork on the outside on the left is for salad, which is often served with the soup. The spoon on the outside at the right is for soup, and so on. Sometimes there is a separate

little knife, called a butter spreader, on a small bread-and –butter plate at the left. As the bread is passed , each guest puts his piece on the bread-and butter plate.

参考答案:

1)每隔四年,100多个国家选送他们最优秀的运动员云集于此,争夺世界体育比赛中的最高荣誉。(翻译的时候可以增加词汇,可以分成两部分进行表述。)

2)奥运会的承办国----东道国队的代表最后入场。(注意定语从句的翻译)

3)东道国的一名运动员代表全体参赛队员宣誓。(省译法,介词from省略。)

4)奖牌颁发给获胜的运动员和国家队。(注意语态的转换)

5)越来越多的女性正参加到奥运会的竞赛中来。(注意此句的进行时态)

6)每个国家都有自己的餐饮习俗,美国也不另外。(直译法)

7)如果你迟到了,食物就不会那么新鲜,女主人也会为此而感到失望。(增译法:增加词汇是在译文中增加一些原文中无其形而有其义的词,其目的是为了使译文的意义完整而明确,更符合汉语的表达习惯。本句增加了“为此”,使句子的意思更完整。)

8)而当一位女士被介绍给男士或女士时,她无需起立,除非那是一位比她年长的妇人。(英语状语从句用在主句后面的较多,而汉语的状语从句用在主句前的较多,因此,在许多情况下,应将状语从句放在主句前面;而且长句一般用分译法。)

9)当客人到餐桌旁准备就餐时,通常男士应帮助女士拉开椅子让她们坐下。(省译法:by没有译出。)

10)靠左边最外面的小叉是用来吃色拉的,色拉经常和汤一起上。(增译法,增加了“吃”,而且定语从句中被动语态翻译为主动语态。)

第二部分为汉译英

一、汉译英应试技巧

1、翻译的基本方法:直译与意译

首先应当指出,直译不是死译,而是指基本保留原有句子结构,照字面意思翻译。例如:Our friends are all over the world是直译,而We have friends all over the world就是意译。直译以严格意义上的忠实为宗旨,意译则更多考虑英语的特点。总之,选择直译还是意译,应该根据文章具体需要而定,两种译法可以并用。

2、翻译的变通手段

翻译时不能简单地或机械地逐字照译,硬凑成英文,必须认真分析上下文,掌握词的确切含义,然后用适当的英文表达,必要时需要变换一些词,如“小记者”译成teenage reporter,“紧急报告”译成SOS,“深感忧虑”译成deeply concerned等,都是采用了变通手段。

1、词类转换

词类转换是翻译中常见的手段,通过词类的转换可以突破原文的句式,引起句法的转换,如“近来,研究人员发现感冒可以通过人的手传染”可译为Recent research discoveries

indicate that flu can be spread by hand contacts.原文中的“发现”是动词,而译文根据上下文的需要,灵活地把动词转换成名词discoveries。

2、增词、减词

译文的增词、减词都是为了更确切、更忠实地表达原文的含义和精神。译文中添加一些原文没有的词句,表面上看似不忠实,但仔细分析就会发现这些增加的词句所表达的意思并非无中生有,而是隐含在原文中的。减词是在不影响原意的情况下省略无关紧要的词语,避免拖泥带水。如“感冒可以通过人的手传染”可以译为flu can be spread by hand contacts,其中的contacts就是根据译文需要添加上的。而“百姓出现做饭点灯难现象”中的“现象”一词可以省略,只译成people do not even have matches to light their stoves就足以表达原文中的信息。

二、汉译英的基本程序

做汉译英时一般应经过以下步骤:

1、理解句子的意思。

2、根据意思选择句子结构,搭起基本框架;选择适当的词汇和表达手段,特别要按英语的表达逻辑来调整语句。如“虽然…但是”,在译成英文时不能译成Although…but…,而只能译成Although he is poor, he is well contented.“他虽穷却能知足常乐。”

3、最后审校。这是不可缺少的一个重要环节,而且在最后审校时一定要对照原句,这样才能检查出译文在理解和表达上有什么问题,是否有错译和漏译,以便及时改正。

三、实例分析:

1、这封信必须交给威尔逊本人。

The letter is to be handed to Doctor Wilson himself.(首先分析句子结构:它是一个含有被动语态的简单句,另外要注意谓语动词“必须交给”如何表达。)

2、主席建议这个问题下次再议。

The chairman proposed that the matter (should) be discussed at the next meeting.(首先分析句子:这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。主句中用了propose一词,因此宾语从句要用虚拟语气。然后确定时态为过去将来时的被动语态。)

3、不言而喻,青年人的教育对于一个国家的未来是至关重要的。

It is self-evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.(此句是一个形式主语从句,it is self-evident that 是一个常用的句型,另一个重要的短语是be vital to 对…是重要的,关键的。)

4、千万别说可能会被别人误解的话。

Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood (此句是一个祈使句的否定句。还有两个重要的短语:be sure to do sth,一定做…,be capable of donging sth:有能力做…。)

5、我们彼此相识刚好一年。

It is /has been just a year since we got to know each other.(这句涉及到动词的完成时,因为“know”是非延续性动词,因此常用从句it is…since 的句型,前面我们已经讲过。)

6、一辆卡车驶进了积雪覆盖的操场。

A truck pulled into the snow-covered playground of the school.

7、她刚收到儿子的来信,大大减轻了她的忧虑。

A letter from her son, which had just been delivered to her, greatly relieved her anxiety.(注意非限定性定语从句被动语态的使用。)

8、每月一定要留出足够的钱,这样你就能买下学期的教科书了。

Be sure to set aside enough money each month so that you can buy the textbooks for the next term.(此句是祈使句,而且含有结果状语从句。)

9、尽管困难重重,我们仍决心执行我们的计划。

In spite of all the difficulties, we are determined to carry out our plan.(两个重要的短语:in spite of 和be determined to do sth)

10、众所周知,我们的许多问题至少部分是由于没能交流思想而引起的。

It is well known that many of our problems are caused at least in part by failure to communicate.(it is well known句型的使用。)

大学英语三级最新试题及答案

2002年6月浙江省大学英语三级考试试卷 Part I Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. You will hear the conversation and the question only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you will read the four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the best answer. 1. A) Warm B) Hot. C) Mild. D) Cold. 2. A) In an office B) In a library C) In a classroom D) In a bookstore 3. A) By sea. B) By train. C) By bus. D) By air. 4. A) He is doubtful about the one-bedroom apartment. B) He’s prepared to pay more for the bigger apartment. 、 C) There is a big difference between the apartments. D) The one-bedroom apartment is better as it is cheaper. 5. A) The train may arrive but the woman is not sure. B) The train will probably arrive at 10:45. C) The train broke down and will not arrive. D) The will probably arrive at 9:45 6. A) She will help him next week. B) She has finished her work quickly. C) She had her work done a week ago. D) She did her work carelessly. 7. A) She likes it as well as the man. B) She takes her vacations in autumn. C) She prefers summer. D) She doesn’t like it. 8. A) He’ll play the game. # B) He won’t watch the game standing. C) He’ll watch the game on TV. D) He has little knowledge of the game. 9. A) To learn another language. B) To practice the dialogues. C) To give up French. D) To give up practicing. 10. A) The woman should take her time. B) They are supposed to leave in twenty minutes. C) Alice is arriving in twenty minutes D) They are already late for the appointment. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. The passages will be read 】 twice. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions, which will be read only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the

2019年成人英语三级考试必做试题

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C o l l e g e E n g l i s h B a n d T h r e e Part I Listening Comprehension 1. A) To cancel his trip. B) To go to bed early. C) To catch a later flight. D) To ask for a wake-up call. 2. A) They have different opinions as to what to do next. B) They have to pay for the house by installments. C) They will fix a telephone in the bathroom. D) The man’s attitude is more sensible than the woman’s. 3. A) She will save the stamps for the man’s sister. B) She will no longer get letters from Canada. C) She can’t give the stamps to the man’s sister. D) She has given the stamps to the man’s roommates. 4. A) Visiting the Brownings. B) Writing a postcard. C) Looking for a postcard. D) Filling in a form. 5. A) The man should work with somebody else. B) The man should meet his partner’s needs. C) They should come to a compromise. D) They should find a better lab for the project. 6. A) She can’t finish her assignment, either. B) She can’t afford a computer right now. C) The man can use her computer. D) The man should buy a computer right away. 7. A) The visiting economist has given several lectures. B) The guest lecturer’s opinion is different from Dr. Johnson’s. C) Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates. D) Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their college. 8. A) She’s never watched a better game. B) Football is-her favorite pastime. C) The game has been canceled. D) Their team played very badly. 9. A) The man should stick to what he’s doing. B) The man should take up a new hobby. C) The man should stop playing tennis. D) The man should find the cause for his failure. 10. A) An invented story. B) A real life experience. C) An imaginary situation. D) A terrible nightmare. Section B Passage 1 11. A) The name of a German town B) A resident of Frankfurt. C) A kind of German sausage. D) A kind of German bread. 12. A) He sold fast food. B) He raised dogs. C) He was A cook. D) He was a Cartoonist. 13. A) Because the Americans found they were from Germany. B) Because people thought they contained dog meat. C) Because people had to get used to their taste. D) Because it was too hot to eat right away. Passage 2 14. A) They give out faint cries. B) They make noises to drive away insects. C) They extend their water pipes. D) They become elastic like rubber bands. 15. A) Quiet plants. B) Well-watered plants. C) Healthy plants. D) Thirsty

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