教师资格证书英文翻译样本
(Translation)
People’s Republic of China
Teacher’s Qualification License
Teacher's Qualification Certificate is a legal reference granted by the state to those who are qualified for teaching position. Any teaching personnel in any and all schools or other institutions shall bear this Certificate.
Ministry of Education of People’s Republic of China (seal)
Certificate Holder: ***
Gender: **
Date of Birth: ***
Nationality: *
ID No.: 3****
Qualification Category:Qualification for Teacher in Higher
Education
Teaching Subject: Electrical Engineering and Automation Certificate No.: *** According to regulations in T eacher’s Law of People’s Republic of China and Regulations on the Qualifications of Teachers, ***is approved to be granted for a teacher of Higher Education.
Approving Office (seal):
Department of Education of ** Province (seal)
***
户口本英文翻译模板
Household Register Under Supervision of The Ministry of Public Security of P.R.C. Points for Attention 1. The Household Register has a legal force to identify the status of a citizen and the relationship of family members. It is a main basis for the household registration office to make residence investigation and check. When the household registration office makes residence investigation and check, the householder or anyone of the family members shall bring forth on his/her own initiative the Household Register. 2. The Household Register shall be under proper keep of the householder. No alter, transfer and lease is allowed. The loss of the Household Register must be reported to the household registration office promptly. 3. Only the household registration office has the power to make registration on the Household Register. No any other units and individuals are allowed to make any records on it. 4. Any increase or decrease of family members in the household or any alteration of the registration items shall be registered on the Household Register by reporting to the household registration office. 5. If the whole family has moved out of the jurisdictional area of the residence, the Household Register shall be submitted to the household registration office for cancellation.
教师资格证高中英语学科知识点总结
第二部分语言教学知识与能力外语教学主要流派：
学习策略 " 简答题： 一．简述高中英语课程基本理念 1.重视共同基础，构建发展平台 2.提供多种选择，适应个性需求 3.优化学习方式，提高自主学习 4.关注学生情感，提高人文素养 二．… 三．简述教师如何提高专业水平，与新课程同步发展 1）转变教学观念，不仅看学习，整体素质也发展，把全面发展作为教学基本出发点 2）改变教学角色，不仅是（知识）传授者，还是（学习）促进者、指导者、组织者、帮助者、参与者、合作者。 3）能开发课程资源，创造性教学。 4）开放的工作方式，教师间合作研究，共同反思，相互支持，提高素质。
5）终身学习 语音教学 高中生应掌握的英语基础知识：语音、词汇。语法、功能、话题 } 教学原则： 1.面向全体学生，为学生终身发展奠定共同基础 共同基础--持续的学习动机，初步的自主学习能力，综合的语言运用能力 2.鼓励学生选修，加强选修课的指导 1）提供多样化选择，发展个性 2）设计以课程目标和学生需求为依据，充分调查学生学习兴趣、水平、需求3）教学内容多样性、目的性、拓展性、可行性、地方特色、跨文化特性 & 3.关注学生情感，营造宽松、民主、和谐的教学氛围 4.加强对学生学习策略的指导，形成自主学习 5.树立符合新课程要求的教学观念，优化教育教学方式 英语教学中的任务设计原则： 1）明确目的 2）) 3）真实意义
4）涉及接收、处理、传递等过程 5）过程中使用英语 6）通过做事情完成任务 7）任务结束有具体成果 6.利用现代教育技术，拓宽和运用英语的渠道 7.教师要不断提高专业化水平，与新课程同步发展 , 教学活动类型： 1.调查和采访活动 2.探究活动 3.合作学习 4.即兴发言与讨论 5.反思活动 6.思维训练活动： ~ 2）》 3）网络关系，表达主次从属关系 4）分析异同 5）流程图 6）树形图 （对学生）评价原则 1.体现学生在评价中的主体地位 2.建立多元化和多样性的评价体系 1）% 2）开放宽松的氛围，鼓励学生、同伴、教师、家长共同参与，实现多元化 3）形成性评价（主）与终结性评价相结合，既关注结果，又关注过程；定性（主）、定量评价相结合；他评自评相结合；综合性（主）、单项评价相结合 3.主张形成性评价对学生发展的作用 1）评价符合学生年龄和认知水平 2）综合评价，而不是单方面评价 4.终结性评价要注重考察学生综合语言运用能力 5.注重评价结果对教学效果的反馈 6.评价应体现必修课和选修课的不同特点 7.* 8.注重实效，合理评价
教师资格证翻译模板
The People Republic of China
Teacher Certificati on
The Teacher Certification is a legal proof of teacher qualificatio n gran ted by the State to the citize ns whosatisfy the requirements and capabilities of being a teacher according to laws and regulations?The persons who undertake the job as teachers in schools at all levels and of all kinds or other educatio n in stituti ons withi n the territory of the People Republic of China are required^to hold this Certificate. / Min istry of Educati on \ / of the People ' s Republic \ \ of Chi na I Min istry of Educati on of the People 's Republic of Chi na \
[seal] 7
Gen der: Date of Birth: Eth nic Group: ID Card No.: Qualificati on Category: Teach ing Subject: Holder 出生日期 民族 身份讪亘 资格种类 科目 证书口 性别
完整户口本英文翻译模板
ANNOUNCEMENTS 1.Household register has the legal validity that certifies the attorneyship of a citizen and the relationship of family members, and it is the main reference for the censor and checkup of domiciliary register which is undertaking by the household registration authority. When the functionary of household registration authority censor and verify the household register, the familia and members of this family shall take the initiative in presenting the household register. 2.The familia shall take the household register in safekeeping, the household register is prohibited to be alterred, transferred and leased. In case of that the household register is lost, the household registration authority should be informed. 3.The right for registering the household register shall be performed by the household registration authority, any other unit and individual shall not make any records on the booklet. 4.The member of this family shall go to the household registration authority for transacting the declaration and registration, applying bring with the booklet, in case of the increase and decrease of the members and the alteration of registration items. 5.In case of that the whole family moves out of the residency, the Household register shall be turned in and cancelled.
教师资格证-初中英语简答题(历年真题)汇总
简答题知识点梳理 作答要求 1.标注序号 2. 要点先行，再解释或举例 3. 4-5点(按要求） 4. 字迹工整，尽量不空 常考要点 一、语言知识教学 @ 二、语言技能教学 三、教学实施 四、教学评价 五、教学法 六、课程标准 （一）语音教学 1.句子重读的教学过程： # （1）学生先听录音，后看书面材料，引导学生思考为何某些单词和句子需要重读。 （2）学生了解何时重读之后，进行重读训练 （3）通过重读训练，教师引导学生知道重读可以表达重要信息(总结) 2. 语音教学的原则 （1）准确性原则 （2）针对性原则 ？
（3）趣味性原则 （4）交际性原则 （5）综合性原则 （6）长期性原则 （二）词汇教学 ?词汇呈现与讲解的方式 （1）借助辅助工具，如：实物、手势、动作表演，利用图片、图表、简笔画、投影仪等直观教具和声光电多媒体。 （2）借助已学知识来呈现和讲解新词，常见的具体方法包括构词法、同义词法等。 } 2. 词汇记忆策略 （1）语境中记忆 （2）联想记忆 （3）词典辅助记忆 （4）谐音记忆法 （5）repeat记忆法 】 （6）搭配法 （7）归类法（词根词缀记忆法） 3. 词汇教学的原则 ?直观性与情境性
?机械记忆与理解记忆相结合 ?文化性与交际性 ?/ ?循序渐进、逐步扩展 ?音形义相结合；词不离句；加强复习，巩固记忆。 （三）语法教学 1. 语法的教学方法有哪些 ?演绎法 教师首先直接讲解语法规则并举例说明，然后让学生进行各种替换练习、句子练习等训练。 (2) 归纳法 。 教师让学生首先接触含有语法规则的语境，然后根据上下文的信息归纳出语法规则。 2.语法的练习方法 （1）机械型练习 强调语法的准确性。 常见练习形式：替换操练（简单的单个单词替换、多个单词替换）、转换操练（把主动语态换成被动语
2015分析国考教师资格证英语卷案例
2015分析国考教师资格证英语卷案例 第一话构成篇 案例分析的出题形式一般是这样的：一段课堂教学实录+问题和要求。 教学实录一般是全英文的教师Q)与学生(Ss)的对话，一般长这样： Teacher： Hello, everyone, today we're going toleam the Present Perfect. What is the Present Perfect? The PresentPerfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and the perfectaspect, used to express a past event that has present consequences. For example： I have akeady finished my homework. She has worked out a plan. As you can see, the Present Perfect is made up oftwo parts： have + past principlefdone),... (Then the teacher began to illustrate differentusages of the Present Perfect.) 提问一般分两类，有分点提示的是这样的： 下面是一段初中英语课堂实录片段。阅读后回答下列四个问题： (1)该教学片段采用什么方法呈现语法项tl?(6分) (2)你的判断依据是什么(至少两条)?(12分) (3)分析该方法的利弊(至少各两条)’并举例说明。(8分) (4)分析该教学片段所存在的问题。(4分) 或者是这样非常笼统宽泛的：请根据所给材料，分析该教师的教学目的和教学过程，评价其教学行为和反馈方式。 第二话考点篇 看了案例分析长什么样，接下来，我们就看看它是考查的哪些点。 这个时候，大家需要努力回忆一下上次我们讲的课堂技能的相关知识了，完全是考点啊!満满的都是爱!知道为啥禊而不舍的单选简答案例分析和教学设计了吧，因为他们是连环扣!就像我们英语中的任务型教学法一样，一个任务接一个任务，形成一个任务链~~啊~把你的心我的
教师资格证英语面试注意事项
教师资格证面试注意事项 一、面试流程：面试共两大环节，结构化和试讲。整个面试流程下来基本半天，所以大家要吃东西再去，女孩子化了妆的带好补妆的东西。着装尽量正式一点，正装最好，没有正装也不要紧，干净整洁，穿净色的衣服，千万不要花花绿绿。面试先是分科或是小学初中分开先到一个大教室等待，然后人齐了就抽签，就是抽你第几个面试，抽完就是交手机，然后就是等等等，可以上厕所，如果抽到后面的就有的等了，所以要是抽到后面也不要紧，好像是可以看资料的，我记不太清楚了，反正考试带着资料去，多看一会是一会。然后轮到你的时候会被带到抽题室抽题，对就是抽试讲的题目，在电脑上抽，听从老师安排就行，然后就直接坐在电脑前开始20分钟的备课，这20分钟一定要好好利用，如果你教案背的很熟，抓紧时间写完，剩下的时间就想想怎么讲，如果题目中遇到新的你没有准备过的也不要紧，比如语篇课你就按照阅读的来讲，我当时就抽到语篇课，然后题目中叫讲“but”这个词，然后我连but是连词都想不起来，但是还是冷静把阅读课的教案写了上去，当然随机应变，你可以在写的过程中按照你抽的文章做一些改动，比如把but这个词加到你背过的教案中就好了。这里记得不
要纠结教案，即使你讲的跟教案不一样不要紧，但是不要太离谱，把A4纸写满一点，字写开一点就好，考官基本不会细看你的教案，就瞥一眼，重要的是试讲，能不能过早就在你试讲完那一秒钟就决定了，尽量写的规范。之后就被带到面试的教室了哦，在去面试教室的过程中你是有机会接触到其他小伙伴的哦，不会的词，想不起来的就悄悄问问别人啦，问到了是运气好，问不到就不说这个词就好啦，脸皮厚一点，出了考场谁都不认识谁。我当时问了，但是小伙伴也不懂，所以我就没讲but是什么词，照样过。然后就是进到教室开始面试，紧张的话现在门口深呼吸，然后面带微笑，步伐稳重，昂首挺胸地走进去。记得进去先问好，随时面带微笑就对了，把教案交给考官就开始面试。先是大概5分钟的结构化面试，就是考官会问你3个问题，用中文。然后就是10分钟全英文试讲，最后英文答辩，考官会用英文问2到3个问题。 二、面试技巧：结构化面试别看那些培训机构啊书上啊，还有我自己买的资料啊说的多复杂，分多少类，但我觉得问题都能听懂，回答只有思路清晰，语句通顺，言之有理就可以了。不用花多少时间在结构化，我当时真的没复习过结构化，我记得当时问题就是你见到学生丢垃圾怎么办，家长会怎么与家长沟通
英文翻译样本
Tailored by ： Date ： Proofread by ： Date ： Approved by ： Date ： Effective Date ： Expiry Date ： First Delay ： Second Delay ：
Document Revision History
Catalogue Page 1. Purpose (04) 2. Scope and Equipment description (04) 3. Handling procedure (04) 4. Notes (05) 5. Reference (06) 6. Involving SOP (06) 7. Attachments (06)
Making a description of cleaning method of the B+S vial washing machine. This SOP is suitable for the cleaning of Formulation Workshop2 B+S vial washing machine. 3.1 Cleaning before washing the vials 3.1.1 The cleaning of the vial washing machine Open the air compress valve and the machine to operating the power source, turn the 3 on the right side on the control table to raise the machine’s cover as the pattern show n. 3.1.1.1 Check up if there are some last used Penicillin vials, scrap vials, scrap glasses been left in the machine and clean up. First use totally clean cloth with injection water to wipe the direct contact parts between the machine and Penicillin vials (such as the vial entering revolving stage, vial entering track, vial emerging track, the module used for seizing the vial ), wiping at least three times until we cannot see anything dirty on it.
【最新】教师资格证《英语学科知识与能力(高级中学)》真题及答案
教师资格证考试试题及答案一——英语学科知识与教学能 力(高级中学) 一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中选择一个最佳答案。请用28铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案字母按要求涂黑。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1. Which of the following shows the proper rhythmical节奏的pattern of the sentence? 1.【答案】A。解析：考查句子重读。一般来说，句子中的实词需要重读，比如名词、主要动词(不包括be动词)、形容词、副词、数词等。虚词多数情况下不重读，比如代词、介词、冠词、连词等。另外，句子中要重读的词若为双音节或多音节词，重音一般就落在该词的重读音节上，像本句中的expensive就是这种情况。 2. In terms of manner of articulation发音方法, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are__________. A. affricates塞擦音 B. fricatives擦音 C. bilabial D. oral stops 2.【答案】D。解析：考查辅音的分类。根据发音方式不同，英语的辅音可以分为：塞音(stop)、鼻音(nasal)、擦音(fricative)、近音(approximant)、边音(lateral)、塞擦音(affricate)等。[p]，[b]，[tl，[d]，[k],[g]属于气息非常强烈的通过口腔的爆破音，也称作塞音。 3. The producers of oil and other __________ commodities have an advantage. A. fragile B. nonperishable C. waterproofed D. stainless 3.【答案】B。解析：考查形容词辨析。fragile“易碎的”，stainless“不锈的，无瑕疵的”，nonperishable“不易坏的”，waterproofed“防水的.不透水的”。句意为“产石油和其他不易坏物品的生产商有优势”。故选B。 4. Being__________ of money, she managed to save enough for a holiday. A. economic B. economical C. economics D. economies 4.【答案】B。解析：考查形近词辨析。economics意为“经济学”，economies意为“经济”，economic意为“经济上的”，economical意为“节俭的，合算的.经济的”。根据句意“由于节俭，她设法存够了度假的钱”可知选B。 5. Farmers are allowed to grow small gardens of their own and they sell their vegetables__________ the black market. A. on B. at C. in D. for
英文翻译模板
毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译 题目Knowledge management component in managing human resources for enterprises 在知识管理组件型企业的人力资源管理 作者姓名 专业名称信息管理与信息系统 学科门类管理学 指导老师刘小豫 提交翻译日期二〇一四年十二月
Knowledge management component in managing human resources for enterprises 在知识管理组件型企业的人力资源管理 Abstract Both human resources and knowledge are valuable assets for enterprises; therefore, effective management of these assets becomes inevitably critical for business success. While human resource management systems have been a research topic for more than two decades, knowledge management systems applied to human resource management are relatively new to both academia and industry. This study examines the use of knowledge management in a business environment such as human resource management. The evolution of information systems and information processing in the human resource management domain is presented, and a knowledge-based decision support system for human resource management is proposed. Keywords：Human resource management ；Knowledge management；Intelligent information processing ；Decision support system 1 Introduction Ever since the computer technology was 摘要人力资源和知识是企业宝贵的资产；因此，这些资产的有效管理不可避免的成为企业成功的关键。而人力资源管理系统是已经超过二十年的一个研究课题，知识管理系统被应用到人力资源管理在学术界和工业界是相对较新的。本研究探讨知识管理在商业环境如人力资源管理的使用。在人力资源管理领域的信息系统和信息处理的发展提出了一个基于知识的决策支持系统，并对人力资源管理提出了建议。 关键词：人力资源管理；知识管理；智能信息处理；决策支持系统 1引言 自从计算机技术被开发和被应用到商业业
教师资格证英语翻译模板
The People’s Republic of China Teacher’s Qualification Certificate “Teacher’s Qualification Certificate” is the legal warrant issued by government to the citizens who are eligible to be teachers. The teacher must hold this certificate if he /she is engaged in teaching at various types of schools or any other educational institutions inside the People’s Republic of China. State Educational Committee (Official Seal for Educational Committee of People’s Republic of China)
(Personal photo) (Embossing seal of Educational Committee of Shandong Province) Holder: Sex: Date of Birth: Nationality: ID Number: Type of Qualification: SujectL: Certificate No.: According to “The Teacher Law of the People’s Republic of China” and “The Reg ulations of Teacher’s Qualification”, it is verified that Liping Chen is eligible to be a teacher and hereby conferred the Teacher’s Qualification of High School. Qualification Cognizance Organ:(Seal of Educational Committee of Shandong Province) （注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。）
(整理)中英文对照版合同翻译样本.
1.Sales Agreement The agreement, (is) made in Beijing this eighth day of August 1993 by ABC Trading Co., Ltd., a Chinese Corporation having its registered office at Beijing, the People’ Repubic of China (hereinafter called “Seller”) and International Tradi ng Co., Ltd., a New York Corporation having its registered office at New York, N.Y., U.S.A. (hereinafter called “Buyer”). 2.WITNESSETH WHEREAS, Seller is engaged in dealing of (product) and desires to sell (product)to Buyer, and WHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase(product) from Sellers, Now, THEREFORE, it is agreed as follows: 3.Export Contract This Contract is entered into this 5th day of August 1993 between ABC and Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Seller”) who agrees to sell, and XYZ Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Buyer”) who agrees to buy the following goods on the following terms and condition. 4.Non-Governmental Trading Agreement No. ＿＿This Agreement was made on the＿day of＿19＿, BETWEEN ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Seller) as the one Side and ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Buyer) as the one other Side. WHEREAS, the Seller has agreed to sell and the buyer has agreed to buy ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Goods ) the quantity, specification, and price of which are provided in Schedule A. IT IS HEREBY AGREED AS FOLLOWS: 5.Contract For Joint-Operation Enterprise ＿＿ COMPANY LTD., a company duly organized under the Law of ＿＿ and having its registered office at (hereinafter called “Party A”) AND ＿＿ COMPANY LTD., a company duly organized under the Law of ＿＿ and having its registered office at (hereinafter called “Party B”) Party A and Party B (hereinafter referred to as the “Parties”) agree to jointly form a Co-operation Venture Company (hereinafter referred to as the “CVC”) in accordance with “the Laws of the People’s Republic of China on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment” and the “Regulations for the Implementation of the Laws of the People’s Republic of China on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment” and other applicable laws and regulations. 6.MODEL CONTRACT Contract No. Date: Seller: Signed at: Address: Cable Address: Buyer: Address: Cable Address: The Seller and the Buyer have agreed to conclude the following transactions according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: https://www.360docs.net/doc/6d5691888.html, of Commodity: 2.Specifications: 3.Quantity: 4.Unit Price: 5.Total Price: U.S.$: 6.Packing: 7.Time of Shipment: days after receipt of L/C. 8.Loading Port & Destination Port: From via to . 9.Insurance:
英文翻译样本
本科毕业论文外文翻译 题目官僚制 学生姓名黄晓惠学号04132201 教学院系人文社会科学学院 专业年级公共管理2004级 指导教师胡雨职称讲师 单位人文社会科学学院 辅导教师周斌职称助教 单位人文社会科学学院 完成日期2008 年 6 月13 日
官僚制 Max Weber 官僚制的特征 现代官场职能的作用有以下具体方式： Ⅰ.固定的、正式的权限范围，这一范围一般是由法来加以规定的。 1.对于官僚管治结构目的是遵循一定的活动规则，其是用一个固定的方式，作为官方的职责。 2.给予命令的当局是通过强制性的规则手段，实际地、圣职地、确实地划定或者是用一个稳定的方式对于这些必需的责任尽职，其又被安置由官员支配。 3.只有雇员通常有被调控的资格，其被迫连续的履行这些责任规则及实施相应的权利，并做出有条不紊的供应服务。 在公开和合法的政府“官僚当局”由这三个元素构成。在私有经济当局时，他们形成了官僚“管理”。因而可以了解的是，官僚，仅仅是在政治和传教士充分发展的社区现代状态的，在私有经济，在资本主义的最先进的机关。永久和公职当局与固定的司法，是没有历史规则，那么甚而在大政治结构例如那些古老东方，占领德国和蒙古帝国，或者许多封建结构状态，而是宁可例外。在所有这些案件，统治者通过个人委托人、同事或者律师助理执行最重要的措施。他们的每个案件的委员会和当局没有精确地被划定和临时地叫入的。 Ⅱ.权威有组织的层级结构和各种等级授予，有一种牢固而有秩序的上下级制度。这样上下级制度提供被治理的可能性的，它的高级负责人喜欢一个更低层级决定的方式，其可以明确地被调控。官僚类型充分的发展，权力阶层习惯性被组织。等级制度的权力当局的原则在大党组织和私人企业中被找到。不为官僚字符为重要性的它的当局是否称“私有”或“公众”。 至少在公职方面，当管辖权“能力”原则被充分地维持，等级制度的附属，不意味着“更高的”当局被批准接收事务“低”。的确它的任务倾向于现有继续和由另一个新任的举行。 Ⅲ.现代办公室的管理根据书面文件（“文件”)，以被保存他们的原物或草表。因此，副官有所有排序官员和抄写员的职员。官员的亲身有效地参与“公开”办公，与物质贯彻一起各自用具，并且组成一个“局”。在私人企业中，“局”经常称“办公室”。 原则上，现代组织的文职机关从官员的私有住处和分离局，一般来说，官僚分离作为事，正式从私人生活的活动中分明出来。从官员的私有财产离婚公开金
资格证书英文翻译
资格证书英文翻译 【简介】：大学英语四级CET4(CollegeEnglishTestBand4Certificate) 大学英语六级CET6(CollegeEnglishTestBand6Certificate) 英语专业四级 TEM4(TestforEnglishMajorGrade4Certificate) 英语 精品源自生物科 大学英语四级CET4 (College English Test Band 4 Certificate) 大学英语六级CET6 (College English Test Band 6 Certificate) 英语专业四级TEM4 (Test for English Major Grade 4 Certificate) 英语专业八级TEM8 (Test for English Major Grade 8 Certificate) 普通话等级考试National Mandarin Test (Level 1, 2, 3; Grade A,B,C) 日语能力考试Japanese Language Proficiency Test (Level 1, ２, ３, ４) 商务日语能力考试Business Japanese Proficiency Test 商务英语证书Business English Certificate 雅思IELTS (International English Language Testing System) 托福TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) BEC初级(BEC Preliminary Level，缩略为BEC Pre.) BEC中级(BEC Vantage Level，缩略为BEC Van.)
英文翻译模板
英文翻译 学院：计算机工程学院专业：计算机科学与技术学生：陈操 学号：201011033 指导教师：赵慧然
Methodology Amethodology (sometimes simply called a method) is a set of processes and heuristics used to break down the complexity of a programming problem. Many OOP methodologies have been formulated since the dawn of object-oriented programming. This section will give you a feel for what you’re trying to accomplish when using a methodology. Especially in OOP, methodology is a field of many experiments, so it is important to understand what problem the methodology is trying to solve before you consider adopting one. This is particularly true with Java, in which the programming language is intended to reduce the complexity (compared to C) involved in expressing a program. This may in fact alleviate the need for ever-more-complex methodologies. Instead, simple methodologies may suffice in Java for a much larger class of problems than you could handle using simple methodologies with procedural languages. It’s also important to realize that the term “methodology” is often too grand and promises too much. Whatever you do now when you design and write a program is a methodology. It may be your own methodology, and you may not be conscious of doing it, but it is a process you go through as you create. If it is an effective process, it may need only a small tune-up to work with Java. If you are not satisfied with your productivity and the way your programs turn out, you may want to consider adopting a formal methodology, or choosing pieces from among the many formal methodologies. While you’re going through the development process, the most important issue is this: Don’t get lost. It’s easy to do. Most of the analysis and design methodologies are intended to solve the largest of problems. Remember that most projects don’t fit into that category, so you can usually have successful analysis and design with a relatively small subset of what a methodology recommends.[1] But some sort of process, no matter how small