2020高考英语阅读理解解题技巧专项突破六：阅读理解专题之细节理解题

专题 6 阅读理解专题之----细节理解题

细节理解题的考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字、图表等例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。

【设问形式】

1.事实细节题：分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问，或判断正误，即是非判断题。后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。

常见设问形式有：

1) What can we learn from the passage?

2) All the following are mentioned except

3) Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)?

4) Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…?

2. 排列顺序题:常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般按事件发生的顺序。

常见设问形式有：

1)Wh ich of the following is the correct order of…?

2）Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?

3. 图文匹配题：设题形式：给出图表，根据图表提问问题。

4. 数字计算题：可直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可找到答案。

【考查方式】

阅读理解细节理解题的出题形式主要有：是非判断题，同义近义（反义）转换题，例证题，定义题，年代与数字题，比较题，原因题，条件题，排序题，图表图画题等。

细节理解题需要将题目与原文进行语境上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，需要进行加工或整理后才能得出结论，属于中档难度题。解此类题需要结合上下文的语境和信息进行简单地概括和判断。1.事实细节题：

最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，就可确定答案。2. 排列顺序题: 可采用首尾定位法，找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩小范围。3. 图文匹配题：解答这类题时，可采用“文字锁定法”。找出描述图形中的句段，采用按图寻找答案的方法，按图索骥，图文互相参照，互相验证。4. 数字计算题：找到相关数字并从文中准确理解换算关系，准确计算即可。

实战演练

【例题】2017 全国Ⅱ

A

In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare’s plays in their language, in our Globe, within the architecture Shakespeare w rote for. Please come and join us.

National Theatre Of China Beijing｜Chinese

This great occasion(盛会) will be the National Theatre of China’s first visit to the UK. The company’s productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This productio n of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying.

Date & Time: Saturday 28 April, 2.30 pm & Sunday 29 April, 1.30 pm & 6.30 pm

Marjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi｜Georgian

One of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded in 1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed(指导) by the company’s Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.

Date & Time: Friday 18 May, 2.30 pm & Saturday 19 May, 7.30 pm

Deafinitely Theatre London｜British Sign Language(BSL)

By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to bui ld a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.

Date & Time: Tuesday 22 May, 2.30 pm & Wednesday 23 May, 7.30 pm

Habima National Theatre Tel Aviv｜Hebrew

The Habima is the centre of Hebrew-language theatre worldwide. Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s. Since 1958, they have been recognized as the national theatre of Israel. This production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.

Date & Time: Monday 28 May,7.30 & Tuesday 29 May, 7.30 pm 1. Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China? A. RichardⅢ. B. Lover’s Labour’s Lost.

C. As You Like It.

D. The Merchant of Venice.

2. What is special about Deafinitely Theatre?

A. It has two groups of actors.

B. It is the leading theatre in London.

C. It performs plays in BSL.

D. It is good at producing comedies.

3. When can you see a play in Hebrew?

A. On Saturday 28 April.

B. On Sunday 29 April.

C. On Tuesday 22 May.

D. On Tuesday 29 May.

【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D

【解析】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了莎士比亚的戏剧被翻译成几个国家的语言，并将在这些国家的大剧院上映的事情。

1.细节理解题。根据题干the National Theatre of China可知，定位到National Theatre of China段落处，根据“Thi s production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate Director,Wang Xiaoying”可知，Richard III将要在中国国家大剧院上映。故选A。

2.细节理解题。根据题干Deafinitely Theatre定位到Deafinitely Theatre，根据“ Deafinitely The atre London｜British Sign Language(BSL)”可知，Deafinitely Thertre的特殊之处在于这个戏剧是用手语表演的。故选C。

3.细节理解题。根据“Date Date&Time:Monday 28May,7.30&Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm”可知，可以在5月29日，星期二这一天，在希伯来观看戏剧。故选D。

【举一反三】

A

Student Membership--Cambridge Arts Cinema

Cambridge Arts Cinema is one of the art houses in Britain and home of the internationally celebrated Cambridge Film Festival. Since 1947 generations of students have discovered the wealth of world cinema.

Now you too can make most of it and save money.

1. Which of the following is the most famous event held at Cambridge Arts Cinema?

A. The Cambridge Film Festival.

B. Meetings with filmmakers.

C. The preview screening.

D. Monthly premieres.

2.How long will the membership for Cambridge Arts Cinema last?

A. Four months.

B. Eight months.

C. Nine months.

D.One year

3. For what purpose is the text written?

A. Offering students cheaper tickets．

B. Announcing the opening of a premiere.

C. Telling the public of the cinema's address.

D. Increasing the cinema's membership.

B

Mark Rothko, one of the greatest painters of the twentieth century, was born in Daugavpils, Latvia in 1903. His father immigrated to the United States, fearing that his son would be drafted (招募) into the Czarist army. Mark stayed in Russia with his mother and elder sister; they joined the family later, arriving in the winter of 1913, after a 12-day voyage.

Mark moved to New York in the autumn of 1923 and found employment in the garment trade and took up residence on the Upper West Side. It was while he was visiting someone at the Art Students League that he saw

students sketching a nude model. According to him, this was the start of his life as an artist. He was twenty years old and had taken some art lessons at school, so his initial experience was far from an immediate calling.

In 1936, Mark Rothko began writing a book, which he never complete d about the similarities in the children’s art and the work of modern painters. The work of modernists, which was influenced by primitive (原始的) art, acco rding to him, could be compared to that of children in that “Child art transforms itself into primitivi sm (原始主义), which is only the child producing a mimicry (模仿) of himself.” However, in this same work, he said that “The fact that one usually begins with drawing is already academic. We start with the colors.”

It was not long before his multiform developed into the style he is remembered for; in 1949 Rothko exhibited these new works at the Betty Parsons Gallery. For critic Harold Rosenberg, the paintings were a revelation. After painting his first multiform, Rothko withdrew himself to his home in East Hampton on Long Island. The discovery of his definitive form came at a period of great grief; his mother Kate died in October 1948 and it was at some point during that winter that Rothko chanced upon the striking symmetrical (对称的) rectangular blocks of two to three opposing or contrasting, yet complementary colors (对称). As part of this new uniformity of artistic vision, his paintings and drawings no longer had individual titles: from this point on they were simply untitled, numbered or dated. However, to assist in distinguishing one work from another, dealers would sometimes add the primary colors to the name.

4. Mark Rothko’s family have experienced all of the f ollowing except .

A. a separation from his father

B. the call up of the army

C. a temporary stay in Russia

D. a 12-day voyage to the United States

5. What made Mark Rothko want to be an artist?

A. His move to the Upper West Side.

B. His visit to the Art Students League.

C. His sight of the students’ drawing.

D. His lessons took in art school.

6. Mark Rothko thought modern art share some similarities with child art because .

A. they are both considered childish and academic

B. they are both ways of expressing primitivism

C. they are both a copy of the painters themselves

D. they ate both striking blocks and colors

7. Which of the following statements is true about Mark Rothko’s style?

A. It was inspired by Rosenberg.

B. It resulted from moving to Long Island.

C. It resulted from his grief.

D. It evolved (develop gradually) in 1948.

C

A report released this month found that grouping children by ability is on the rise again—teaching students in groups of similar ability has improved achievements for fast and slow learners alike—and who wouldn’t want bright kids to be able to move ahead?

But for most kids, labels (标签) applied early in life tend to stick, even if they are wrong.

Sorting school children by ability has long been controversial. In some countries, especially in Asia, school-wide tracking (分流) remains normal. Children are tested and placed in different schools that direct them toward professional or vocational careers. Movement between the tracks is rare.

School-wide tracking decreased in US schools in the 1960s and 1970s. It never died out, though. Sorting students into separate tracks for math at about junior high school age continues to be common, and other forms of tracking persist as well.

Unlike tracking, which means sorting students into separate classrooms, ability grouping happens within classrooms. When done according to the latest research, it has proven to promote achievements. Ability grouping is changeable and temporary. Within classrooms, students might be divided into different learning groups dealing with materials of different levels. Any students who master concepts can move upward between groups, and the student groups might look different from subject to subject and unit to unit. For instance, a student who stands out in language arts might be at an average or slower level in math. A student who flies through multiplication tables might need extra help with fractions. Students who lag in reading can be pulled out of the classroom in small groups for practice with a tutor until their reading improves.

Research shows ability grouping within classes has more positive benefits than tracking. However, that must be weighed against the challenges involved. In many regular classrooms, the differences between student ability levels are very big. That presents challenges for teachers and low-performing students to constantly compare themselves with students who seem to fly through school with ease.

The rigid ability groups and tracking of the past are still with us in many schools. Likely, labels are applied with more caution than in the bad old days when some teachers gave reading groups not-so-secret code names like “Bluebirds”, “Robins”, “Crows” and “Buzzards”. But kids still know.

8. Why is grouping children by ability becoming popular again?

A. Because most teachers do not like slower learners.

B. Because grouping children should be done early in life.

C. Because it is academically beneficial to different learners.

D. Because fast learners can move ahead without teachers’ help.

9. By saying “Movement between the tracks is rare.” in paragraph 3, the writer really means .

A. tracking children is normal in Asia

B. school-wide tracking has decreased in US

C. professional and vocational careers are unrelated

D. sorted students can hardly change schools

10. The examples in paragraph 5 are used mainly to illustrate ____. .

A. a good language learner promises to be good at math

B. a student might join different groups for different courses

C. ability grouping benefits gifted students more than slow ones

D. ability grouping presents no challenge for those slow students

11. What might be the challenge in regular classrooms for teachers?

A. Students’ dif ferent levels.

B. Students’ low performance.

C. Constant self-comparison.

D. Application of not-so-secret code.

A篇:答案：1-3：A C D

解析：[文章大意]本文为一则广告，意在吸引学生成为创桥艺术影院的会员。文中介绍了该影院的一些信息、会员的待遇、申请的方式，会员的期限以及联系方式等。

1.A细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第一句可知，该影院是剑桥电影节的举办地，在四个选项中，剑桥电影节是该影院举办的最著名的活动。故选A.

2.C细节理解题。根据器格中“... your card can be used from 1st October 2011 to 30th June 2012”可知，会员期限为9个月。

3.D写作意图题。本文为一则广告，主要是吸引学生成为剑桥艺术影院的会员，因此D正确

B篇：【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. D

【解析】本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了20世纪最伟大的画家之一马克罗斯科的生平及艺术风格。

4.细节理解题。根据第一段内容故可知，他的父亲移居美国，他和母亲临时呆在俄罗斯，后来经过12天航

行才到美国和父亲重聚，根据“His father immigrated to the United States, afraid that his sons would be drafted into the Czarist army.”可知，他的父亲只是担心儿子们会应征加入沙皇军队，由此可知他并没有被军队召集，故B项正确。

5.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It was while he was visiting someone at the Art Students League that he saw students sketching a nude model. According to him, this was the start of his life as an artist. ”可知，目睹学生们画画让他开始有了当艺术家的想法，故C项正确。

6.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Th e work of modernists, which was influenced by primitive art, could, according to him, be compared to that of children in that "child art transforms itself into primitivism, which is only the child producing a mimicry of himself." ”可知，他认为现代艺术与儿童艺术有相似之处是因为它们都表达了原始风格，故C项正确。

7.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“his mother Kate died in October 1948 and it was at some point during that winter that Rothko chanced upon the striking symmetrical rectangular blocks of two to three opposing or contrasting, yet complementary colors. As part of this new uniformity of artistic vision, his paintings and drawings no longer had individu al titles…”可知，1848年冬天他偶然发现了两到三种对立但互补的颜色组成的引人注目的对称矩形方块，发展了自己的视觉艺术风格，故D项正确。

C篇：【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. A

【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章向我们说明了如今很多学校依然根据学生的能力对他们进行不同的分组，这虽然对他们的学习有益，但是这种分组却一直存在争议，作者在文中讨论了这样分组的好处以及缺点。

8.细节理解题。根据第五段Unlike tracking，which means sorting students into separate classrooms，ability grouping happens within classrooms．When done according to the latest research，it has proven to promote achievement．可知学生根据他们的能力分组再次流行是因为它在学术上对不同能力的学习者是有益的，故选C。

9.推理判断题。根据第三段Children are tested and placed in different schools that direct them toward professional or vocational careers. Movement between the tracks is rare.可知作者说"Movement between the tracks is rare．"目的是为了告诉我们一旦把学生分到不同的学校就会很难再去改变了。故选D。

10.细节理解题，根据第六段For instance，a student who stands out in language arts might be at an average or slower level in math. A student who flies through multiplication tables might need extra help with fractions. Students who lag in reading can be pulled out of the classroom in small groups for practice with a tutor until their reading improves．所提出的例子可知一个学生可能会加入不同的小组来学习不同的课程，故选B。

11.细节理解题，根据倒数第二段In many regular classrooms，the differences between student ability levels are very big．That presents challenges for teachers and low-performing students to constantly compare themselves with students who seem to fly through school with ease．可知教师在普通课堂上的挑战是学生能力水平之间的很大的差异，故选A。