高三英语 (综合模拟卷五)

教师辅导讲义

Perfect competition exists in an industry that contains many relatively small firms producing identical (相同的) products. The most important characteristic of a perfectly competitive industry is that no single firm has any control over prices. This important characteristic follows from two assumptions. First, a competitive industry is composed of many firms, each being very small relative to the size of the industry. Second, every firm in a perfectly competitive industry produces exactly the same product.

Firms in perfectly competitive industries do not differentiate (区分) their products, nor do they make decisions about price. Rather, each firm takes prices as given — that is, as determined in the market by the laws of supply and demand - and decides only how much to produce and how to produce it. Given the availability of perfect substitutes, any product priced over the market price will not be sold.

In perfect competition we also assume that firms can freely enter and exit the industry. The assumption of free entry implies that if firms in an industry are earning excessively high profits, new firms that seek to do the same thing are likely to spring up. Fast food restaurants are quick to spring up when a new shopping center opens. Where profit opportunities present themselves, we assume that firms will enter and compete for them.

Free exit is possible when firms can simply stop producing their products and leave a market. Generally speaking, a firm closes down because it is suffering losses or because profits are insufficient. New England textile and furniture products found themselves facing increasing foreign competition, as well as lower production costs in the South. While some firms packed up and moved, others simply got out of the business altogether.

65.Which of the following is not a feature of perfect competition according to the passage?

A.The firms involved are small compared to the size of the industry.

B.The firms involved produce goods of the same kind.

C.The size of the industry is usually very small.

D.The price of the products is determined by the market.

66.In a perfectly competitive industry, the price is decided by____________ .

A. some leading firms in this business

B. the rules of supply and demand

C. an association of the business

D. the central government

67.If a firm sells its products at a price higher than that of the market, consumers will ______________ .

A.buy goods of the same kind produced by other companies

B.stop buying this type of products altogether

https://www.360docs.net/doc/6e5735396.html,e another type of goods as substitutes

D.continue to buy its products because of their good quality

68.In the third paragraph, the author mentions "fast food restaurants" to show_____________ .

A.the rapid emergence of new industries in downtown areas

B.the prosperity of service industries in backward countries

C.people's enthusiasm for shopping

D.businessmen's interest in high-profit industries

B

Migration is usually defined as "permanent or semi-permanent change of residence". This broad definition, of course, would include a move across the street or across a city. Our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal migration within nations, although such movements are often greater than international movements in volume. Today, the motives (动机)of people who move short distances are very similar to those of international migrants.

Students of human migration speak of "push" and "pull" factors, which influence an individual's decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are associated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job, or as distressing as war, or severe famine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influence their choice of destination).

Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often these are economic, such as better job

opportunities or the availability of good land to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the United States during the 19th century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparently better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential destinations, the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such as the presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerations of this sort add to the development of migration flow.

Besides push and pull actors, there are what the sociologists call "i ntervening (干涉) obstacles" Even if push and (or) pull factors are very strong they still may be outweighed(超越) by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problems likely to be encountered on arrival. The decision to move is also influenced by "personal factors" of the potential migrant. The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on different people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. The prospect of packing up everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and extremely difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to learn a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another. Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes conflict. The United States and other western countries have experienced adjustment problems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are hated by native people who may have to compete with them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.

69.The author thinks that pull factors__________ .

A. are all related to economic considerations

B. are not as decisive as push factors

C. include a range of considerations

D. are more important than push factors

70.People's decisions to migrate might be influenced by all the following EXCEPT ____________ .

A. personalities

B. education

C. marital status

D. abilities

71.The purpose of the passage is to discuss __________ .

A. the problems of international migrants

B. the motives of international migrants

C. migration inside the country

D. migration between countries

C

What does it feel like to be approaching the wrong end of middle age? For the moment at least, the differences between the young diplomat of 30 years ago and the aging writer of today are more psychological than physical. Naturally, I can hardly ignore the inevitable change in my outward appearance. My hair has gone — well, silver; the whites of my eyes occasionally look more like yolks (蛋黄); and I've got heavier round the middle. But all this is merely on the surface. I'm not really conscious of feeling very much older than I did my younger days.

Mentally, however, it's another story. It is no longer a surprise to come into a room and to find that I'm the oldest person in it, but notice the fact all the same. It's a long time since I stopped worrying about policemen being younger than me; when, on the other hand, I find generals, archbishops and High Court judges in the same happy situation. I tend to grow thoughtful now for the compensations (赔偿; 报偿). And there are plenty of them, and by no means the least is a new found independence. Until now, responsibilities seem to have increased year by year; now, thankfully they begin to decrease, and are replaced by new opportunities.

These are positive compensations; there are also negative ones which can be appreciated just as much. Immense pleasure can be got from Putting Things Behind One. My own recent decision — taken with immense relief — has been to give up all efforts to understand modern music. There is more than enough music from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries to keep me happy for the rest of my life. Now, at last, I can face the fact that I just don't like 20th century music.

Finally, it's goodbye to hypochondria (疑病症). When I was young I constantly worried about my health and imagined I had all sorts of terrible diseases. Now those days are over. I love every moment of my life and want it to go on for as long as possible until I become very old or a burden to my family and friends, at which point I would like it to stop at once. I can honestly say that I have had and am still having a wonderful time.

72.In the passage, what is the writer mainly talking about?

A.We should take an objective attitude towards the problem of getting old.

B.We can have compensations while getting old.

C.Getting old is a terrible thing.

D.We should refuse to accept the fact of getting old.

73.According to the writer, what is not the advantage of getting old?

A.New opportunities take the place of responsibilities.

B.Immense pleasure can be got from negative compensations.

C.Generals, archbishops and High Court judges are all happy while getting old.

D.Hypochondria will not disturb you any longer.

74.What is the meaning of Putting Things Behind One?

A. Putting things away.

B. Giving up.

C. Doing the things as you like.

D. Delaying the deadline.

75.What is the writer's attitude towards the problem of getting old?

A. Optimistic.

B. Pessimistic.

C. Indifferent.

D. Tolerant.

D

The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide (自杀) carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.

Although it ruled that there is no constitutional (宪法的) right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect (实际上) supported the medical principle of "double effect," a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is allowed if the actor intends only the good effect.

Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine (吗啡的剂量) to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.

Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, put forwards that the principle will protect doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten (加速) death".

George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a reasonable medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery," he says. "We don't call those deaths murders because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."

On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical suffering of dying.

Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report — Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffective and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.

The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospitals for dying people, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare rule for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.

Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical actions should translate into better care. "Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering," to the extent that it makes up "systematic patient abuse (虐待)". He says medical licensing boards "must make it clear that painful deaths are probably ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension (暂停)

76.From the first three paragraphs, we learn that ____________ .

A.doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain