薄冰高中英语语法之13·动词语态
薄冰高中英语语法之十三
动词语态
主编薄冰
执行主编庄志琳葛炳芳田绍慧
山西教育出版社2014年最新版
出版人雷俊林
出版策划苗补坤
责任编辑张荣荣
ISBN 978-7-5440-5630-4
语法学习交流微平台纸介图书京东旗舰店纸介图书天猫旗舰店百度阅读手持媒体免费读
全国优秀畅销书，薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册！ 丨学英语，凭什么让我学语法吗？？？
不时听到一些青年问道：学英语一定要学语法吗？语法应该怎么学呢？我们
就这两个问题简单地谈一点个人意见。
对中国学生来说，尤其是成年人，我看是学点语法好。语法，顾名思义，乃是语
言的法则和规律。学习语法，尤其是一些基本法则，至少有下列几个好处：
第一 可以使你学得快些，因为已有现成的前人总结的法则，用不着你从
头摸索。
第二 可以使你学得透些，因为通过语法对语言现象不仅可以知其然，而
且可以知其所以然。
第三 可以使你学得准些，因为语法法则就是一条条准绳，可以用以衡量
一句话是否正确。
第四 语法不但可以引你入门，更可以引你入胜，使你逐渐眼界开阔，语感加深，从而使你的英语水平不断提高。
丨那么应该如何学习语法呢？
我认为在学习语法过程中，应该注意下面几点：
第一 基本概念最重要。在学习每个语法项目时，一定要把它的基本概念
搞清，牢记在心。
第二 要大量地实践，大量地练习。实践要包括听、说、读、写四个方面，
练习要着重说和写。
第三 学习语法时，应多用比较法。如对动词时态、冠词、介词、名词的
单、复数等较难的语法项目进行相互比较，效果就比较好。
第四 要将语法法则与习惯用法分开。碰到习惯用法，就不必钻牛角尖，
进行徒劳的分析。而习惯用法在英语中则是大量地存在着的。
第五 将一本语法书通读一遍，当然也不无好处。但最好将它作为工具书，
像词典一样地经常查阅，始能学得比较细致牢靠。
第六 实用英语语法只应是入门的向导，像一根拐棍一样。英语达到一定
水平之后，就应将它扔掉。起码不要让许多语法条条充斥头脑，影响你说和写的
流利性。
最后 可能还会有人说，语法应该学，就是太枯燥。我的感觉是：开头有
点枯燥，过些时候，就会像嚼橄榄似的，越学越有味了。如若不信，请试试看。
全国优秀畅销书，薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册！
薄冰高中英语语法之·动词语态
目 录
13—1 被动语态的构成
13—2 主动语态变被动语态
13—3 短语动词的被动语态
13—4 被动语态与系表结构的区别
13—5 主动形式表示被动含义
13—6 被动语态的用法
13—7 单元练习
全国优秀畅销书，薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册！
Unit13 动词语态
动词语态是指特殊的动词形式，用以表示动作的主语和宾语之间的关系。英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态中主语是动作的执行者，被动语态中主语是动作的承受者。在被动语态的句子中，动作的执行者一般由介词by 引起的短语来表示。如： They always help you. 他们总是帮助你。（主动）
You are always helped by them. 你总是被他们帮助。（被动）
英语中只有及物动词、短语动词和某些成语才能构成被动语态。被动语态的构成形式为“be ＋ 动词的过去分词”。在下列情况下用被动语态： 不知道或不必要提出动作的执行者；强调动作的承受者；“get ＋ 动词的过去分词”是被动语态的特殊形式；某些系动词用主动表示被动；表示状态或特征的及物动词没有被动语态。
13-1 被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be ＋ 动词的过去分词”构成，不及物动词没有被动语态。在不同的时态中，助动词be 有不同的形式。
(1) 一般现在时
Football is played all over the world. 全世界到处都踢足球。
They are often sent to repair cars. 他们常常被派去修汽车。
Miss Gao ， you are wanted on the phone. 高老师，有人给你打电话。
试题解析：
Ｏnce environmental damage ______ ，it takes many years for the system to recover.
A. has done
B. is to do
C. does
D. is done
【答案选D 】本句的意思是：环境一旦遭到破坏，需要多年时间才能恢复过来。 do 作为及物动词有“引起，产生”的含义，do damage 的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage 是及物动词do 的动作对象，谓语应当用被动语态。所以本题答案是D. is done 。其他选项都是主动语态，都是错误的。
(2) 一般过去时
He was invited to dinner yesterday evening. 昨天晚上他被邀请去吃饭了。
The buildings were built last year. 这些房子是去年建的。
试题解析：
1. The hero's story ______ differently in the newspaper.
A. was reported
B. was reporting
C. reports
D. reported
【答案选A 】本句的意思是：英雄的故事在报纸上被不同地报道。 story 作主语，故应用被动语态，而被报道的是发生过的事。
2. More than a dozen students in that school ______ abroad to study medicine last year.
A. sent
B. were sent
C. had sent
D. had been sent
【答案选B 】本句的意思是：去年那所学校的十多个学生被派往国外学习医学。句中有明确的过去时间状语last year ，表示过去发生的事并且用被动形式。
全国优秀畅销书，薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册！
(3) 一般将来时
A new bridge will be built over the river. 在这条河上要建一座新桥。
He will be told the news soon. 他很快会被告知这个消息。
(4) 过去将来时
He said the trees would be planted soon. 他说树很快要种了。
They said that the problem would be discussed soon. 他们说这个问题很快要讨论了。
(5) 现在完成时
The pictures have been put up on the wall. 这些画已经被挂到墙上去了。
The child has been dressed and taken out for a walk. 这小孩已穿戴好并被带出去散步了。 试题解析：
1. Great as Newton was ，many of his ideas ______ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
A. are to challenge
B. have been challenged
C. may be challenged
D. are challenging
【答案选B 】全句的意思是：虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。 本题主要考查谓语动词的时态和语态， challenge 是及物动词，在本句中应当是被动语态；其动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是B. have been challenged 。
2. Millions of pounds' worth of damage ______ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.
A. has been caused
B. had been caused
C. will be caused
D. will have been caused
【答案选A 】全句的意思是：数百万英镑的损失是由昨晚英国北部的一场暴风雨引起的。本题考查时态和语态及主谓一致。
(6) 过去完成时
They said that their work had been finished. 他们说他们的工作已经完成了。
He said that when to leave had been decided. 他说已经决定了什么时候离开。
试题解析：
I was shocked to hear that your house ______ into.
A. was broken
B. broke
C. has been broken
D. had been broken
【答案选D 】全句的意思是：听说你的家被偷了我很震惊。首先break into 这个动作发生在 shocked 之前，即过去的过去。应该用过去完成时的被动语态。
(7) 现在进行时
A new hospital is being built near our village.
在我们村庄附近正在建一个医院。
The novel is being written. 这本小说正在写。
试题解析：
The fifth generation computers ，with artificial intelligence ， ______ and perfected now.
A. developed
B. have developed
C. are being developed
D. will have been developed
【答案选C 】全句意思是：具有人工智能的第五代计算机目前正在开发和完善之中。题
全国优秀畅销书，薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册！
中develop 和perfect 是并列关系，动词perfect 只能作及物动词用，因此在本句中应为被动语态，作谓语的动词develop 也应是被动语态。此外，句中的时间状语now 表示谓语应是现在进行时。
(8) 过去进行时
Ｏur classrooms and labs were being cleaned at that time.
那个时候我们的教室和实验室正在被打扫。
At that time the desk was being made. 在那时这张桌子正在被造。
试题解析：
1. While you were in London that year ，the London Bridge ______ .
A. was being repaired
B. had been being repaired
C. would be repaired
D. was repaired
【答案选A 】全句的意思是：你当年在伦敦时，伦敦大桥正在被修。因为时间状语从句表示的是过去的具体的时间段，所以用过去进行时的被动语态。
2. With more forest being destroyed ， huge quantities of good earth ______ each year.
A. is washing away
B. is being washed away
C. was washing away
D. are being washed away
【答案选D 】句意为：更多的森林遭到了破坏，每年有大量的优质土壤流失。本题考查时态和被动语态。土壤的流失每时每刻都在发生，应用现在进行时的被动语态。
(9) 含有情态动词的被动语态
These exercises must be done in class. 这些练习必须在课堂上做。
More rice can be produced next year. 明年能生产更多的大米。
试题解析：
As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said ， not what we think ______ .
A. ought to be said
B. must say
C. have to be said
D. need to say
【答案选A 】全句的意思是：作为老师，我们关心的应该是学生说了什么，而不是我们自认为学生应该说什么。what we think 和what is said 一样，都是介词with 后面的由what 引导的名词性从句。在前一个从句中，what 是主语，is said 是动词的被动语态作谓语；在后一个从句中，what 也是主语，谓语同样也要用被动语态（注意we think 是插入成分，不是谓语，去掉we think 的话不影响原句的正确性），这样，with 后面的这两个宾语才能前后呼应。另外，根据句子前后的逻辑意思，我们应该选择答案A. ought to be said 。虽然选项C. have to be said 也是被动语态，但当what 作主语时，谓语动词要用单数has ，而不是have 。而且，have to be said （不得不说）的意思和与句意不符，不可能是本题的答案。
13-2 主动语态变被动语态
(1) 主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 宾语
将主动句中的宾语首先作被动句的主语；将主动句的谓语动词变成被动形式。如： He ate the big apple. → The big apple was eaten (by him).
注意：变后的被动句子时态要和主动句的时态一致；如果要强调动作的执行者，再在句末加上“by ＋ 主语”。
(2) 主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 间接宾语 ＋ 直接宾语
全国优秀畅销书，薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册！
一般将主动句中的间接宾语（人）作被动句的主语；再将主动句的谓语动词变成被动形式后，将直接宾语（物）照搬于后。其他注意事项参照(1)中所示。如：
He gave me a good pen. → I was given a good pen.
＝A good pen was given to me.
(3) 主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾补
将主动句中的宾语作被动句的主语；再将主动句的谓语动词变成被动形式，将宾补照搬于后即可。其他注意事项参照(1)中所示。如：
They made us work from morning till night.
→ We were made to work from morning till night.
(4) 一些特殊结构的主动变被动
He is said to have gone abroad. ＝ It is said that he went abroad. 在该句中不定式的动作发生在主句动作is said 之前，故不定式要用完成时态；当变成后面的句型时则要注意主、从句的时态。而后面这种句型的使用比较常见。如：
It is said that... 据说……
It is hoped that... 希望……
It is supposed that... 据推测说……
It is believed that... 有人相信……
It is well-known that... 众所周知……
It is generally considered that... 大家认为……
It must be pointed out that... 必须指出……
It must be admitted that... 必须承认……
试题解析：
1. A Dream of the Ｒed Chamber is said ______ into dozens of languages in the last decade.
A. to have been translated
B. to be translated
C. to translate
D. to have translated
【答案选A 】句意为：据说《红楼梦》在过去10年中已经被翻译成数十种语言。不定式to translate 的动作发生在谓语动作之前，而且该动作的客体是本句的主语，所以应当用现在完成时的被动式。
2. It is not unusual for workers in that region ______ .
A. to be paid more than a month later
B. to be paid later than more a month
C. to pay later than a month more
D. to pay later more than a month
【答案选A 】全句的意思是：那个地方的工人一个多月后拿到工资是常有的事。it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month 是句子的逻辑主语。
3. He was ______ to be clever but dishonest.
A. thought as
B. thinking
C. think
D. thought
【答案选D 】句意为：他被认为是很聪明，但不诚实。这是个固定句式，相当于： It was thought that he was clever but dishonest.
13-3 短语动词的被动语态
英语中的被动语态由“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。有些短语动词在意义上相当于及物动词，因此也可构成被动语态。短语动词被看成一个整体，是固定词组，所以
全国优秀畅销书，薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册！
构成被动语态时不可分开。其被动语态的构成方法与普通及物动词的被动语态的构成方法相同。
(1) 动词 ＋ 介词
He will be operated on by the best surgeon.
由最好的外科医生给他动手术。
This matter has been carefully looked into. 此事已得到了仔细调查。
He is often laughed at by his classmates. 他经常被同学嘲笑。
试题解析：
I assure you that the matter ______ as Quickly as possible. Have a little patience.
A. will be attended
B. will be attended to
C. is attended
D. is attended to
【答案选B 】全句的意思是：我向你保证事情很快会处理好的。稍微有点耐心。attend 表示“处理，解决”时是不及物动词，必须与to 连用。另外，从上下文看，事情显然尚未解决，所以应该用将来时的被动语态。
(2) 动词 ＋ 副词
These problems have been seriously thought over. 这些问题已得到认真考虑。
The lights are turned off at 11 p.m. every day. 每天晚上11点钟关灯。
The fire was soon put out. 那场大火很快被扑灭了。
(3) 动词 ＋ 副词 ＋ 介词
These privileges should be done away with. 此类特权应该取消。
Women were looked down upon in the past. 过去妇女受到歧视。
The lost time must be made up for. 失去的时间必须补回来。
(4) 动词 ＋ 名词 ＋ 介词
The children have been taken good care of. 这些孩子得到了很好的照顾。
What they did has been paid great attention to. 他们所做的已得到了极大的关注。 Time is precious and should be made full use of. 时间宝贵，应该充分利用。
13-4 被动语态与系表结构的区别
“be ＋ 过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构。当“be ＋ 过去分词”表示动作时为被动语态，be 是助动词，be 后面的过去分词是主要动词，动作的对象是主语；当“be ＋ 过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，be 是连系动词。be 后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：
(1) 如果强调动作或句中有介词by 引出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。如：
The glass is broken. 玻璃杯碎了。（系表结构）
The glass was broken by the boy. 玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。（被动语态）
(2) 如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。如：
The door is locked. 门锁着。（系表结构）
The door has already / ｊust been locked. 门已经 ／ 刚刚被锁上。（被动语态） The shop is opened. 这家商店开门了。（系表结构）
The shop is opened at ８ a.m. every day. 这家商店每天上午八点开门。（被动语态）
(3) 系表结构仅用于一般现在时和一般过去时，多用一般现在时表示主语目前的特点或状
全国优秀畅销书，薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册！
态。用一般过去时表示过去的状态。如：
Before the day of the examination ， the students were worried.
在考试的前一天，学生们都很担心。
The streets in Dalian are always crowded. 大连的街道总是很拥挤。
(4) 系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，有的已变成形容词，后面往往有固定的介词。常见的有：
be interested in be pleased with be surprised at
be frightened at be worried about be crowded with
be made of be dressed in be joined to
be lost in be known to 等。如：
She is interested in music. 她对音乐感兴趣。
The square is crowded with people. 广场上挤满了人。
(5) 如果过去分词可以被very ，well ，so ，quite ，seriously 之类的副词修饰，一般是系表结构，而被动语态的过去分词则不能用以上这类的词修饰。如：
The story is well written. 这个故事写得很好。
(6) 系表结构中的系动词be 可以用be 以外的其他系动词替换，其意思没有多大的变化，而被动语态则不能。如：
He looks excited. 他看起来很兴奋。
She appears young. 她看似年轻。
13-5 主动形式表示被动含义
(1) be worth doing 值得干……
The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得读。
The boy is worth teaching. 这个男孩值得教。
(2) want(need / reQuire)doing 需要干……
The baby wants looking after. 这个小孩需要照看。
Your hair needs cutting. 你的头发需要剪了。
want (need / reQuire) doing 相当于want (need / reQuire) to be done 。如：
The baby wants to be looked after.
Your hair needs to be cut.
(3) 某些可与well ，easily ，quickly 等副词连用的不及物动词 。如：
Glass breaks easily. 玻璃很容易碎。
This kind of cloth washes very well. 这种布很耐洗。
This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind. 这种米饭比那种熟得快。
(4) feel ，look ，taste ，smell ，sound ，seem ，fall ，remain ，appear 等表示“……起来”的动词，常用主动形式表示被动的意义。如：
What he said sounds a good idea. 他所说的听起来是个好主意。
The silk feels soft. 丝绸摸起来很软。
The fish tastes good. 这鱼尝起来味道很好。
试题解析：
Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will ______ fresh for several days.
A. be stayed
B. stay
C. be staying
D. have stayed
全国优秀畅销书，薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册！
【答案选B 】先排除A 项，因为stay 作“保持”解时，属于系动词，不可有被动语态；再排除C 项，stay 在此为表示状态的动词，是没有时态的；最后排除D 项，因为will have stayed 是强调肉放入冰箱之后的结果的，从上文看，这肉还未放入冰箱之中，谈何结果？
(5) 有些形容词后的动词不定式有被动的含义
这些形容词构成的句型为：主语 ＋ 形容词(easy / hard / difficult / heavy / light / comfortable / fit / dangerous) ＋ 不定式，不定式用主动形式表达被动的含义。如： The maths problem is hard to work out. 这道数学题很难解。
The chair is very comfortable to sit on. 这椅子坐起来很舒服。
I find the water in the well fit to drink. 我发现井里的水适合饮用。
(6) 动词不定式在too...to 和enough...to do 结构中表示被动的含义
在too... to...和enough to do 的结构中，不定式用主动形式表示被动的意义。如： The box is too heavy to carry. 这盒子太重了，搬不动。
The room is not big enough to have a meeting in.
这个房间没有大到能在里面开会。
(7) 主语 ＋ have ＋ 名词 ＋ to do
在“主语 ＋ have ＋ 名词 ＋ to do ”句型中的不定式一般用主动形式（该动作由主语发出）；如果不是主语发出，不定式则用被动形式。如：
I have some clothes to wash today. 今天我有一些衣服要洗。（表明我自己洗衣服。） Have you anything to be taken to Shanghai ？ I'll go to Shanghai on business tomorrow. 你有什么东西要带到上海去吗？我明天要到上海出差。（表明不是你带去，而是我帮你带去。）
13-6 被动语态的用法
(1) 当我们不知道动作的执行者时。如：
Colorful posters were printed in San Francisco in the 1960s to publicize rock shows. 20世纪60年代，在圣弗朗西斯科彩色的海报被印来宣传摇滚表演。
He was hurt in the car accident. 在车祸中他受伤了。
English is taught in this school. 这所学校教英语。
(2) 当我们不必要指出动作的执行者时。如：
The house is very old. It was built in 1960.
这房子已经很旧了，它是1960年建造的。
The book in the library must not be taken. 图书馆的书不得带走。
(3) 当动作的执行者不是人时。如：
Dictionary can't be used in the exam. 考试中不能用字典。
Your work will be examined by a group of experts soon. 你的工作即将受到一组专家的检查。
The car was damaged away by the storm. 车子被暴风雨毁坏了。
(4) get + 动词的过去分词表被动，这种结构往往用来强调动作的结果，也可用来表示突然的状况，或最终出现的某种事实，是一种非正式语体。如：
Supposing you drink five bottles of beer ， do you think you would get drunk ？ 假如你喝5瓶啤酒，你认为你会醉吗？
全国优秀畅销书，薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册！ Thousands of soldiers got killed in the war. 有数千名士兵在这场战争中阵亡了。
13-7 单元练习
Ⅰ. 用所给动词的适当形式完成短文。
Any mistake (1) ______ (make) in the printing of a stamp (2) ______ (raise) its value to stamp collectors. A mistake on one cheap postage stamp (3) ______ (make) the stamp worth a million and a half times its original value.
The mistake (4) ______ (make) more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius ， a small island in the Indian Ocean. In 1847 an order for stamps
(5) ______ (send) to a London printer —Mauritius (6) ______ (become) the fourth country in the world to issue stamps.
Before the order (7) ______ (fill) and (8) ______ (deliver)， a party (9) ______ (plan) at Mauritius' Government House ， and stamps (10) ______ (need) to send out the invitations. A local printer (11) ______ (instruct) to copy the design for the stamps. He (12) ______ (write) by chance the words “Post Office ” instead of “Post Paid ” on the several hundred stamps that he (13) ______ (print).
Today there (14) ______ (be) only twenty-six of these wrongly (15) ______ (print) stamps left —fourteen One-penny Orange Reds and twelve Two-penny Blues. Because of the Two-penny Blue's rareness and age ， collectors (16) ______ (pay) as much as $ 16，800 for it. Ⅱ. 将下列各句主动语态变成被动语态。
(1) He gave me a present.
(2) My sister made the soup.
(3) The workers could not find the manager anywhere in the factory.
(4) The army engineers and soldiers have built a bridge over the river.
(5) The police will surely arrest the thieves.
【参考答案】
Ⅰ.(1) made (2) raises (3) has made (4) was made (5) was sent
(6) was to become (7) was filled (8) delivered (9) was planned
(10) were needed (11) was instructed (12) wrote (13) printed
(14) are (15) printed (16) have paid
Ⅱ.(1) I was given a present by him. / A present was given to me by him.
(2) The soup was made by my sister.
(3) The manager could not be found anywhere in the factory by the workers.
(4) A bridge has been built over the river by the army engineers and soldiers.
(5) The thieves will surely be arrested by the police.
张道真高中英语语法之20定语
张道真高中英语语法之 定语 担纲指导张道真 执行主编席玉虎 山西出版传媒集团山西教育出版社 2013年6月第2版2014年2第6次印刷 出版人雷俊林 出版策划苗补坤 责任编辑孙晓芳 LSBN 978-7-5440-6435-4 学习探讨请加微平台bbzdzyyyf 语法学习交流微平台纸介图书京东旗舰店纸介图书天猫旗舰店百度阅读手持媒体免费读
全国优秀畅销书，薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册！ 丨学英语，凭什么让我学语法吗？？？ 不时听到一些青年问道：学英语一定要学语法吗？语法应该怎么学呢？我们 就这两个问题简单地谈一点个人意见。 对中国学生来说，尤其是成年人，我看是学点语法好。语法，顾名思义，乃是语 言的法则和规律。学习语法，尤其是一些基本法则，至少有下列几个好处： 第一 可以使你学得快些，因为已有现成的前人总结的法则，用不着你从 头摸索。 第二 可以使你学得透些，因为通过语法对语言现象不仅可以知其然，而 且可以知其所以然。 第三 可以使你学得准些，因为语法法则就是一条条准绳，可以用以衡量 一句话是否正确。 第四 语法不但可以引你入门，更可以引你入胜，使你逐渐眼界开阔，语感加深，从而使你的英语水平不断提高。 丨那么应该如何学习语法呢？ 我认为在学习语法过程中，应该注意下面几点： 第一 基本概念最重要。在学习每个语法项目时，一定要把它的基本概念 搞清，牢记在心。 第二 要大量地实践，大量地练习。实践要包括听、说、读、写四个方面， 练习要着重说和写。 第三 学习语法时，应多用比较法。如对动词时态、冠词、介词、名词的 单、复数等较难的语法项目进行相互比较，效果就比较好。 第四 要将语法法则与习惯用法分开。碰到习惯用法，就不必钻牛角尖， 进行徒劳的分析。而习惯用法在英语中则是大量地存在着的。 第五 将一本语法书通读一遍，当然也不无好处。但最好将它作为工具书， 像词典一样地经常查阅，始能学得比较细致牢靠。 第六 实用英语语法只应是入门的向导，像一根拐棍一样。英语达到一定 水平之后，就应将它扔掉。起码不要让许多语法条条充斥头脑，影响你说和写的 流利性。 最后 可能还会有人说，语法应该学，就是太枯燥。我的感觉是：开头有 点枯燥，过些时候，就会像嚼橄榄似的，越学越有味了。如若不信，请试试看。
高中英语语法必背100句
高中英语语法必背100句 时态语态 1. It has been raining in the past three weeks.完成时间状语 过去三周一直在下雨。 2. He was writing a book last year. but I don't know whether he has finished it. 过去进行时现在完成时 他去年在写一本书，我不知道他完成了没。 3. The plane is arriving in 5 minutes. 进行时态表将来 飞机将十5分钟之后到达。 4. I had meant to come here，but I was too busy then. 过去完成时 我本来打算来这儿的，但是当时太忙了。 5. If he comes today, I won't go. If引导条件状从，遵循”主将从现"原则今天如果他会来，我将不走。 6. He studied in Shanghai for 3 years. and then he has lived in Beijing till now/since then/ever since. 一般过去时，完成时 他在上海读了三年书。然后就一直住在北。 7. I will have written 200 poems by the end of next term. 将来完成时到下学期末为止，我将写完200首诗。 8. He is afraid of being laughed at.被动中的介词不省略 他害怕人嘲笑。 9. The workers get paid by the month. get+done表被动 这些工人按月发工资。 10. His theory proved (to be) true. 系动词省略 他的理论被证实是对的。 11. This book sells well and is worth reading. Besides, it is easy to understand.主动表被动
高一英语语法专项训练练习及答案
专题一名词、介词和数词 1．The_________is just around the corner and you won’t miss it． A．bicycle’s shop B．bicycle shop C．bicycles shop D．bicycles’shop 2．Rose was wild with joy________the result of the examination． A．to B．at C．by D．as 3．________people in the world are sending information by E-mail every-day． A．Several million B．Many millions C．Several millions D．Many million 4．This is not a match．We’re playing chess just for________． A．habit B．hobby C．fun D．game 5．No matter what you do，you should put your________into it． A．mind B．heart C．brain D．thought 6．There are usually at least two________of looking at every question． A．means B．directions C．views D．ways 7．My chest________when I make a deep breath，doctor． A．harms B．wounds C．hurts D．injures 8．The home improvements have taken what little there is________my spare time． A．from B．in C．of D．at 9．Luckily，the bullet narrowly missed the captain________an inch． A．by B．at C．to D．from 10．To regain their________after an exhausting game，the players lay in the grass． A．force B．energy C．power D．health 11．According to the recent research，heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily________and effect． A．reason B．impact C．fact D．cause 12．Every new________has the possibility of making or losing money． A．event B．venture C．adventure D．expedition 13．The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism________the wildlife in the area． A．in B．off C．at D．with 14．The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took________pictures of them． A．many of B．masses of C．the number of D．a large amount of 15．“I don’t think it's my________that the TV blew up．I just turned it on，that’s a11．”said the boy． A．error B．mistake C．fault D．duty 16．One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) ________in the number of natural disasters． A．result B．account C．reason D．increase 17. Life is tough in the city．In order to lose their________，some people drink alcohol． A．temper B．mood C．consciousness D．pressures 18．I don’t mind picking up your things from the store．________，the walk will do! me good． A．Sooner or later B．Still C．In time D．Besides 19．The accident is reported to have occurred _______the first Sunday in February． A．at B．on C．in D．to 20．________two exams to worry about，I have to work really hard this weekend． A．With B．Besides C．As for D．Because of 21．He got to the station early，________missing his train．． A．in case of B．instead of C．for fear of D．in search of 22． I feel that one of my main duties________a teacher is to help the students to be．
薄冰英语语法
薄冰英语语法 薄冰英语语法书里面讲的语法知识比较全面也比较系统，非常适合大家打基础。下面是小编给大家整理的薄冰英语语法的相关知识，供大家参阅! 薄冰英语语法：句子成分句子成分共有六种： 1)主语(subject)是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词或相当于名词的词担任，一般置于句首。如： (2)The sun is shining in our faces. 阳光正照射在我们脸上。 shine [ain] vi. 发出光;反射光，闪耀;出类拔萃，表现突出;露出;照耀;显露;出众vt. 照射，擦亮;把的光投向;(口)通过擦拭使变得有光泽或光n. 光亮，光泽;好天气;擦亮;晴天;擦皮鞋;鬼把戏或诡计shining [aini] v. 闪烁(shine的ing形式);发亮adj. 光亮的; (3)I respect his privacy. 我尊重他的隐私权。 respect [rispekt] n. 尊敬，尊重;方面;敬意vt. 尊敬，尊重;遵守privacy [privsi; prai-] n. 隐私;秘密;隐居;隐居处 2)谓语或谓语动词(predicate or predicate verb)是说明主语的动作或状态的，常用动词担任，置于主语之后。如：当马丁离开水果店时，黄昏开始降临。 twilight [twailait] n. 黎明，黄昏;薄暮;衰退期;朦胧状态adj. 昏暗的，微明的;暮年的 (5)The play began [biɡn] at eight, so they must dine at
seven. 戏8点钟开演，所以他们必须7点钟吃饭。 begin at 几点开始;从开始 dine [dain] vi. 进餐，用餐vt. 宴请 谓语或谓语动词专指动词部分(包括动词短语)。它与谓语部分不同，二者不可混淆。 3)宾语(object)是表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象的，常由名词或相当于名词的词担任。置于及物动词或介词之后。如： (6)One must endorse a cheque before one cashes it. 支票兑现前必须先签字。 endorse [inds; en-] vt. 背书;认可;签署;赞同;在背面签名cheque [tek] n. 支票 cash [k] n. 现款，现金vt. 将兑现;支付现款托马斯收到了一张超速行车警告单。 receive [risiv] vt. 收到;接待;接纳vi. 接收 received [risivd] v. 收到;接受;迎接(receive的过去分词) adj. 被一般承认的;被认为标准的 warning [wni] n. 警告;预兆;预告v. 警告(warn的ing形式) adj. 警告的;引以为戒的 speeding [spidi] n. 超速行驶v. 促进(speed的ing形式) adj. 高速行驶的 (8)She gave [ɡeiv] a roar of pain. 她发出一声痛苦的吼叫。roar [r]n. 咆哮;吼;轰鸣vi. 咆哮;吼叫;喧闹
高中英语语法(时态和语态)
高中英语语法(时态和语态) 一．动词的时态 时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常见的只有九种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。 (一）一般现在时（do / does） 1．具体用法 1) 表示经常性或习惯性动作 We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是互相关心互相帮助。 He goes to school every day. 2)表示现在的特征或状态 He is very happy. Do you sing? ----A little. 3)表示普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。 Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜过言语。 * 常与一般现在时态连用的词或短语主要有：often, usually, sometimes, every day, every morning/afternoon, on Sundays/weekends等等。 I often go to the cinema on Sundays. 我经常星期天去看电影。 He goes to work early every day. 他每天上班很早。 （二）一般过去时( did ) （1）表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. （2）表示过去习惯性动作。例如： He always went to class last. I used to do my homework in the library. （三）一般将来时( will / shall do) 1）表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如： I shall graduate next year. 2）一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。如 Crops will die without water. You won’t succeed with out their support. 3) 几种替代形式： *be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如： I'm going to buy a house when we've saved enough money. *be to +v表示计划安排要做的事，具有"必要"的强制性意义。例如： I am to play tennis this afternoon. *be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如： He was about to start. *be due to +v表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。例如： The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5）少数动词如：begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等的一般现在时可用来表示将来的动作。（多用来表示按计划事先安排好即将发生的动作，句中通常还有一个表示将来的时间状语）。例如： The meeting begins at seven.
高中英语语法专项.练习题含答案
高三毕业总复习语法专项练习题1 1. —Have you enjoyed your visit here? —Yes, I’ll be very sorry _____. A. for leaving B. of leaving C. to leave D. with leaving 2. —I’ll help you whenever you need me. —Good. I’d like _____ me tomorrow. A. you helping B. that you will help C. you to help D. that you help 3. —Where did he go? —He went to another store _____. A. to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils 4. —My baby has a heart trouble. —Did the doctor find it difficult _____? A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D. to treat 5. —Did the judge ask you many questions? —Yes, and _____. A.they were difficult to be answered B.to answer them was to be difficult C.they were difficult to answer D.they had difficulty in answering 6. The lost child desired nothing but _____ home. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 7. Last summer I took a course on _____. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made 8. I know him _____ a good basketball player while in college. A. to have been B. to be C. was D. had been 9. I was surprised _____. A. watching him to eat so quickly B. watch him eat so quickly C. watching him eat so quickly D. to watch him eat so quickly 10. Now we could not do anything but _____ for him here. A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait 11. I don’t know her and I don’t _____. A. want B. want to C. want it D. want so 12. To play fair is as important as _____. A. to play well B. play well C. we play well D. playing well 13. It’s most foolish _____ so. A. for you to say B. of you to say C. with you saying D. in your saying 14. I have no pen _____. A. writing B. to write C. to write with D. to be writing 15. Those letters are _____ to the countryside right away. A. to be sent B. sending C. to have been sent D. sent 16. _____ our wishes, we must try our best to work well. A. Realizing B. To realize C. Realized D. Having realized 17. Would you please _____ on the table? A. don’t write B. not to write C. not write D. not writing 18. Tom pretended _____ something when his mother came in. A. writing B. to write C. to be writing D. being written 19. We are all afraid _____ by robbers. A. to rob B. to be robbed C. of robbing D. of being robbed 20. I’m sorry _____ off the light when I left the room. A. to forget to turn B. to have forgotten to turn C. to have forgotten turning D. to be forgetting turning 21. The child had no choice but _____. A. to cry B. cry C. crying D. cried
张道真高中英语语法之21同位语
张道真高中英语语法之 同位语 担纲指导张道真 执行主编席玉虎 山西出版传媒集团山西教育出版社 2013年6月第2版2014年2第6次印刷 出版人雷俊林 出版策划苗补坤 责任编辑孙晓芳 LSBN 978-7-5440-6435-4 学习探讨请加微平台bbzdzyyyf 语法学习交流微平台纸介图书京东旗舰店纸介图书天猫旗舰店百度阅读手持媒体免费读
全国优秀畅销书，薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册！ 丨学英语，凭什么让我学语法吗？？？ 不时听到一些青年问道：学英语一定要学语法吗？语法应该怎么学呢？我们 就这两个问题简单地谈一点个人意见。 对中国学生来说，尤其是成年人，我看是学点语法好。语法，顾名思义，乃是语 言的法则和规律。学习语法，尤其是一些基本法则，至少有下列几个好处： 第一 可以使你学得快些，因为已有现成的前人总结的法则，用不着你从 头摸索。 第二 可以使你学得透些，因为通过语法对语言现象不仅可以知其然，而 且可以知其所以然。 第三 可以使你学得准些，因为语法法则就是一条条准绳，可以用以衡量 一句话是否正确。 第四 语法不但可以引你入门，更可以引你入胜，使你逐渐眼界开阔，语感加深，从而使你的英语水平不断提高。 丨那么应该如何学习语法呢？ 我认为在学习语法过程中，应该注意下面几点： 第一 基本概念最重要。在学习每个语法项目时，一定要把它的基本概念 搞清，牢记在心。 第二 要大量地实践，大量地练习。实践要包括听、说、读、写四个方面， 练习要着重说和写。 第三 学习语法时，应多用比较法。如对动词时态、冠词、介词、名词的 单、复数等较难的语法项目进行相互比较，效果就比较好。 第四 要将语法法则与习惯用法分开。碰到习惯用法，就不必钻牛角尖， 进行徒劳的分析。而习惯用法在英语中则是大量地存在着的。 第五 将一本语法书通读一遍，当然也不无好处。但最好将它作为工具书， 像词典一样地经常查阅，始能学得比较细致牢靠。 第六 实用英语语法只应是入门的向导，像一根拐棍一样。英语达到一定 水平之后，就应将它扔掉。起码不要让许多语法条条充斥头脑，影响你说和写的 流利性。 最后 可能还会有人说，语法应该学，就是太枯燥。我的感觉是：开头有 点枯燥，过些时候，就会像嚼橄榄似的，越学越有味了。如若不信，请试试看。
高中英语语法(时态语态)练习精选
高中英语语法（时态语态篇）练习题精选 ()1. -Where is the morni ng paper—I ___________ for you at on ce. A. get B. am gett ing C. to get D. will get ()2. ___________ a con cert n ext Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ()3. If they come, we __________ a meeti ng. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have ()4. If it __________ t omorrow, we ' -S Igotingier A. isn ' t rain B. won ' t rain C. doesn ' t rain D. doesn ' t fine ()5. Tomorrow he __________ a kite in the ope n air first, and the n _____ boati ng in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go ()6. There _________ a birthday party this Sun day. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be ()7. They __________ an En glish eve ning n ext Sun day. A. are hav ing B. are going to have C. will hav ing D. is going to have ()8. Sorry, I can ' t open the door, fothle key to it. A. lost B. lose C. had lost D. have lost ()9. —It ' s good to see you again, Agnes. —This has bee n our first cha nee to visit since _ f rom Iran. A. you return B. you returned C. you have returned D. returni ng ()10. —Did you expect Frank to come to the party?— No, but I had hoped ______________________________ . A. him coming B. him to come C. that he comes D. that he would come ( )11. —Bob must be very wealthy. —Yes, he — more in one day tha n I do in a week. A. has bee n earned B. had earned C. earns D. has earned ( )12. —Come on in, Peter, I want show you somethi ng. —Oh, how n ice of you! I __ you ____ to bring me a gift. A. didn ' t think, were going B. hadn ' t thought, were going C. n ever think, are going D. n ever thought, were going ( )13.I first met Lisa three years ago. She ____at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. was work ing C. had bee n work ing D. had worked ()14. The reporter said that the UFO _____ east to west when he saw it. A. was traveli ng B. traveled C. had bee n traveli ng D. was to travel
人教版高中英语【必修二】[语法讲解
人教版高中英语必修二 知识点梳理 重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 概念引入： He is a person who never gives up. 他是个永远不服输的人。 I found him in the woods, where has a well-known tree. (我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。) Our guide,(who was a Frenchman, ) was an excellent cook. 我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人 She was not on the train which arrived just now。 她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上 语法点拨 什么是定语从句？ 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that 关系副词：when, where, why 我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句： 1. This is our school. It is beautiful. →This is our school which is beautiful. 2. This is our school. We study in our school. →This is our school which we study in. →This is our school in which we study. →This is our school where we study. 3. Do you know the room? It is made of amber. →Do you know the room which is made of amber? 4. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news. →I have read the newspaper which carries the important news. 从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出： 先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose 实际上是先行词的所有格。 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. the machine = that 2. The boy who broke the window is called Wangkai. the boy =who 3. The boy whose parents are working outside was brought up by his grandfather. the boy’s =whose 【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】
高中英语所有语法专题大汇总
高中英语所有语法专题大汇总 高中阶段的英语学习，其实就是学语法、记单词和研究并熟练题型。其中，语法是大多数同学最头疼的问题，原因在于其内容之繁杂和零散，因此，老师将高中英语所有语法专题总结在一起，供大家系统学习。（老师以过来人的身份告诉你哦，高中是系统学习语法的最佳时机，到了大学，就主要是以背单词为主了！） 专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况
高中英语语法习题及答案
高中英语语法练习题-高考精粹 1. Ms Nancy didn't mind at all ______ to the ceremony. A. being not invited B. not being invited C. not inviting D. not to be invited 2. "_____ your meeting is!" he offered them his sincere congratulations. A. How a great success B. What a great success C. How great success D. What great success 3. We must remember that _____fashion is not the most important thing in _______ life. A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the 4. It _____ quite a few years _____ the accused was declared innocent and set free. A. was; since B. is; that C. will be; when D. was; before 5. The professor said he could talk on _____ interested the audience. A. any topic B. which topic C. whichever topic D. the topic he thought it 6.Under no circumstance _____ to tell lies to parents. A. children are allowed B. are children allowed C. children will allow D. will children allow 7.Modern science and technology has _____ communication between people far apart. A. made convenient B. made it convenient C. made it convenient for D. made it convenient to 8.I heard that you really had a wonderful time at John's birthday party, _____? A. didn't I B. didn't you C. hadn't you D. will you 9.The great use of school education is not so much to teach you things _____ to teach you the art of learning. A. as B. that C. than D. but 10.No matter how frequently _____ the works of Beethoven always attract a large number of people.
高中英语语法(时态语态)练习精选
高中英语语法（时态语态篇）练习题精选 ( ) 1. –Where is the morning paper?–I ________ for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 2. ________ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 3. If they come, we ________ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have ( ) 4. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating. A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine ( ) 5. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then ______ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go ( ) 6. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be ( ) 7. They ________ an English evening next Sunday. A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have ( ) 8. Sorry, I can’t open the door, for I the key to it. A. lost B. lose C. had lost D. have lost ( ) 9. —It’s good to see you again, Agnes. —This has been our first chance to visit since from Iran. A. you return B. you returned C. you have returned D. returning ( ) 10. — Did you expect Frank to come to the party? — No, but I had hoped . A. him coming B. him to come C. that he comes D. that he would come ( ) 11. — Bob must be very wealthy. — Yes, he more in one day than I do in a week.
高中英语语法专项练习题(附带解析、讲解)
高中英语语法专项练习题<附解析>(一) 1. Ms Nancy didn't mind at all ______ to the ceremony. A. being not invited B. not being invited C. not inviting D. not to be invited 2. "_____ your meeting is!" he offered them his sincere congratulations. A. How a great success B. What a great success C. How great success D. What great success 3. We must remember that _____fashion is not the most important thing in _______ life. A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the 4. It _____ quite a few years _____ the accused was declared innocent and set free. A. was; since B. is; that C. will be; when D. was; before 5. The professor said he could talk on _____ interested the audience. A. any topic B. which topic C. whichever topic D. the topic he thought it 1. B 2. B success 名词，保留远动词含义"成功"是不可数名词;如用来代替具体的人(成功者)或具体的事(成功的事情(东西))是可数名词。故排除C,D;A中how是副词，如改成how great a success就是正确的。 3. B 抽象名词不特指时，前不用冠词。 4. D 如将A项中was, since改成is, since是正确的;即从句中谓语先发生。如用B项，是强调句，而强调句前后两个谓语动词在时间上必须一致(a);被强调部分能还回原句中(b)，即因为句中was declared是过去时, B项中is改成was;因为句中was declared是非延续性动词，在years后加上ago将"一段" 时间变成"一点"就是正确的。C项前后时间不一致。 5. C whichever已失去疑问含义，等于 anything that，表示强调; 而 which topic中 which保留疑问含义，译成"哪一个题目"，不符合句义。而A和D中缺少连词。