天津高考专用—高中英语阅读表达解题思路和练习(含答案)

高中英语阅读表达解题思路及练习（含答案）

第一类题型：基础题解题方法探究

首先，基础题虽然简单，但是学生得到满分也并不容易，因为本题型判卷标准苛刻，容易丢分，不容大意。我在多年的教学实践中对本题型的解题方法和规律进行了一系列的探索，并初步总结出答题的思路和技巧。下面拟以2018年3月天津高考卷为例（节选），探究该题型的思路.

For many teenagers, a job is a way to earn a little extra money. For me, it is more than that.

At the age of 16, I was offered my very first job as a shopgirl in a clothing store. On

the first day, my manager was training me how to fold and organize platform after

platform of clothes. The work seemed overwhelming, and everything had to be done in an accurate way. I got so impatient because I couldn’t get it right the first couple of times.

After about ten tries, I had the clothes folded perfectly. Then it took me thirty minutes to

get them all looking uniform. Now, I fold and organize clothes every day, and I’m able to

do them well. Through this experience, I’ve learned to be patient.

56．What was the author’s first job? (no more than 5 words)

57．What is the meaning of the underlined word in Para. 2? (no more than 3 words)

本题难度不大，但是得到满分却有点困难.首先，学生若照抄原文 A shopgirl in a clothing store.这样会超过词数限制.再者，有的同学会去掉冠词a 写成Shopgirl in a clothing store 。这样会犯语法错误。依然不能拿到满分。还有同学会直接答A shopgirl.这个能得满分但又十分牵强.

从上面例子看出，前两个答案是显性错误，一个超过限制字数，另一个是语法错误，都只能拿到1.5分.第三个答案没有错误，但这个答案却违背了该题型答案应清晰明确的要求，因为它没有把问题回答透彻，如果别人看到这个答案，一定会追问，她是卖什么产品的shopgirl？由此，笔者总结了阅读表达此类基础题的解题原则如下：

1．注意细节，注意细节包括注意首字母的大写，人称的转换，语法是否有错误，或是否超过限制字数等。

2 .清晰明确，答案一定要把事情说透彻、精当. 以此题为例，我推荐的答案是Working as a shopgirl或者A shopgirl selling clothes或者A shopgirl who sold clothes。

3 .敢于突破原文本题如果执迷于原文，不敢改动，一定写不出最好的答案

第二种题型：猜词题的解题方法探究

猜词题和猜句子含义题是本题型，乃至全卷最有难度的题型，其难度主要在于学生在思考解题思路和技巧时，感到非常茫然，没有思路，无从下手.下面我从天津高考原题中抽象出该题型的解题规律和具体的解题思路。

第一．注意猜词题的层次性

2014年天津高考原题节选

Last December, Doris Low turned 90. Once a week she still drives to the Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB) in Toronto, where she helps transform literature into braille (盲文) to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hearts and minds of blind readers. She has been volunteering her time and talents to such enterprises for more than 40 years.

After working in the business world for a while, Low got fed up. So she turned to teaching at a technical school and later moved into the library.

Low’s mother liked reading. As her eyes began to fail, Low read to her. Then “hearing an advertiseme nt encouraging people to learn braille, I decided to give it a try.” In 1973, she was certified as a braille transcriber (转译者) and began transcribing books as a volunteer for the CNIB library.

The job was strenuous—she could get to the end of a page, make a mistake on the last line, and have to do the whole thing again. For a number of years, Low also worked in the CNIB sound studio reading books onto tape. Three years ago, she took up proofreading (校对) at the CNIB’s word factory.

58. What does the underlin ed word “strenuous” most probably mean? (1 word)

对于该题以及上面选段的第57题，高考给出了若干参考答案比如Difficult，Trouble，Huge，Tiresome，Demanding等等.在散乱的答案中，我最终找到了他们之间的内在逻辑：答案存在明显的层次性.比如difficult就是一个层级比较高的词汇，这个意义不是特别具体，huge（巨大）表示的是一种difficult，tiresome（令人厌倦）也是一种difficult，demanding（要求严格）还是一种difficult..这里 huge，tiresome，demanding就是层

次比较低的答案，这种答案的特点是非常具体，形象.我们在解决此类问题的过程中，可以先猜到层级比较高的词，然后再思考该层级下更为具体的词汇.经过这样的练习，猜词题才更有思考的价值.高考对于这个题目的要求不是很高，只要答出层次比较高又不太具体的像difficult这样的词就给满分了，但在平时练习中，一定要让学生保持能写更具体词汇的能力，比如这两道题，我认为用demanding是最为恰当的，远远比difficult要精当.

第二利用主系表结构的规律性.主系表结构有两种形式第一 She is kind.主语+系动词+形容词做表语，这种形式对于解决题目实质帮助不大但第二种，she is a girl 这种主语+系动词+名词的主系表结构对于解题意义重大。因为这里的主语和名词时对等关系，我们可以利用这种特殊的关系，为我们的思考提供一个方向.以2019年3月高考题（节选）为例

As well as being able to turn Physical into poetry,Peter had energy and passion and conveyed the sense that science was part of the world around you and not a dull boring academic discipline.

57 What is the meaning of the underlined word in para 2?

本题的答题正确率非常低，主要原因在于面对这个题目学生没有一个合理的思路，本题实际上就是一个主系表结构，这里简单理解为科学是一个学术的 discipline.，或者理解为一个学术的 discipline.是科学. 如果把这个题目理解到这个程度，猜到subject（学科）或者field（领域）应该难度就小很多了.

第三种题型：猜句子题型的解题思路探究

猜句子题含义题，又是阅读表达题型的难题之一，该题型的难点和猜单词含义题相似，都是学生没有成熟的思路来思考这个题型，下面我通过天津高考原题来总结出这类题目的解题思路.

思路一：单词都认识，根据原意合理“抽象”

2018年6月高考原题节选

Now we live in a world surrounded by the "can't do" "attitudes. We all fall down. We all have doubts and regrets. Still we must climb and dream about what's at the top of our mountain. Monsters may appear or the night will fall. But never ever give up on your dream! Never let anyone tell yo u,“ You can’t” Dream big and climb high！

59.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph？（no more than 5 words）

这道题中We all fall down.这句话中没有生词，都是最简单的词汇，但是这道题要得分却十分不易，因为很多学生根本没有思路去思考.这时可以考虑运用，根据原意，合理抽象的思路来思考. 原意是我们都跌到，在成年人的世界中，跌到一次很容易抽象成失败，挫折含义，本题迎刃而解，该高考题的答案也都是关于fail和frustrate的.类似的，我们在生活中会遇见山，这里很容易可以抽象成我们在生活中会遇到困难，挫折.

思路二：单词不认识，联系主旨或中心句获得启示

I’m a 34-year-old man, married, lived in a nice house, and have a successful career as an educational consultant. But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from an early age. I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help. Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.

My life improved remarkably when I discovered art. The art world gave me a chance to express myself without words. I went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay(黏土). Here I learned my first important lesson: disabled as I was in language. I could still be smart and well express myself with clay. And my confidence came along.

I got my next lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but I was scared from the start. I soon noticed it wasn’t a talent thing; it was practice. So I did it more. After about five years of climbing, I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall. I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.

Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write. Every da y I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard year s, I was literate.

59. What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4? (No more than 5 words)

该题目中literate是超纲词，这类题运用根据原意，合理抽象就不能解决，这里就需要合理运用单词不认识的情况下，联系全文主旨或者段落中心句的方法，本段中心句是Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write.根据这句话，学生很容易写出I can read and write这个答案. 有了这个信息定位，就能就此确定思路，就能顺畅地给出答案.

第四种题型：概括段意类题目解题思路探究

这类题目的难点依然在于学生没有可操作性强的解题思路，下面我根据天津高考原题来说明这类题的解题思路

Peter Bulllock was not only an exciting teacher but also the man who founded the debate club in my school. He encourage me to take part and express myself in a forceful way that I have been doing ever since ---and getting paid for it .That made what I am today---a commercial lawyer

What does para 3 mainly tell us?

面对这样的题目，我们需要分两步走，利用层次性解题技巧完成该题目.首先将文段分为两层，然后分别概括层意（概括层意需要注意敢于突破原文限制，真正写出概括感觉）这个题目我们可以先划分层次，划到 in my school即可第一层可以概括为 He founded the debate club 第二层基本可以概括为He had an effect on my career ，尤其从第二点可以看出，这个写法突破了原文限制，写出来概括性的感觉和特点.下面总结一下该题型解题思路：第一，根据文意划分出两个层次：第二，在敢于突破原文的前提下，概括层意，给出答案。

习题

阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Born in 1949, Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a Florida State High School swimming champion. Like many young athletes, she had Olympic dreams, but a serious illness kept her f rom competing in the Games. The disappointment didn’t stop her from going forward. Instead, she became interested in marathon swimming. A brilliant athlete, she was well-conditioned for spending long periods of time in the water. As a long-distance swimmer, she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion.

For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the world’s best long-distance swimmers. In 1970, she swam a ten-mile marathon in Lake Ontario, setting the women’s record for the course. In 1972 she set another record by swimming 102.5 miles from an island in the Bahamas to the coast of Florida. Then she broke a third record when swimming around Manhattan Island in 1975.

Nyad attempted to swim the distance between Florida and Cuba in 1978. Though the span of water is less than 100 miles wide, it is rough and dangerous. After battling the water for two days, she had to give for the sake of her own health and safety. Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed. For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reading Cuba. That is how she defined success. It did not matter that her swim came up short; she believed she had touched the other shore.[来源:ZXXK]

When Nyad ended her career as a swimmer, she continued to try new things---travelling the world as a reporter, writing books and giving public speeches about her life. Diana Nyad works to inspire others, just as she did when she swam the waters of the world.

56. What prevented Nyad from taking part in the Olympic Games? (No more than 5 words)

__________________________________________________________________________ 57. What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean? (1 word)

___________________________________________________________________________ 58. What achievement did Nyad make in 1970? (No more than 10 words.)

___________________________________________________________________________ 59. Why did Nyad believe that she had touched the other shore? (No more than 10 words)

___________________________________________________________________________ 60. Please explain how you are inspired by Nyad. (No more than 20 words)

_____________________________________________________________________________

答案56. A serious illness (did).

57. Difficulties/Problems/Troubles/Challenges.

58. She swam a ten-mile marathon and set women’s record.

Or: She swam a ten-mile marathon, setting the women’s record.

Or: She set the women’s record for a ten-mile marathon swimming.

59. Because she had tried her best (to fulfill the task).

Or: Her strength of purpose was as important as reaching Cuba.

60. I am encouraged by her determination and strong will.

Or: I am inspired by her courage and strong desire to succeed.

Or: From her I learned that once we set a goal, we should try hard to achieve it.

Or: We should never give up in the face of difficulty/failure.

Or: We should never stop trying new things and we may achieve success in different fields.

My name is Clara.I still remember that chilly December day,sitting in science class.I’d finished a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine. A piece of news caught my eye:NASA was holding an essay contest to name its Mars rover(火星探测器).Before I even knew anything else about it,a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind,Curiosity.

I couldn’t want for the bell to ring so I could get started on my essay.That afternoon,I raced home,sat down at the computer,and typed until my fingers ached. “Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyone’s mind...”

Five months later, my mon received a phone call,and immediately, a wide smile spread across her face.

On August 5,2012,at 10:31 p.m,the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars,and I was honored to have a front-row seat in NASA.

Curiosity is such an important part of who I am.I have always been fascinated by the stars,the planets,the sky and the universe. I remember as a little girl,my grandmother and I would sit togeth er in the backyard for hours.She’d tell me stories and point out the stars,Grandma lived in China,thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas,but the stars kept us together even when we were apart.They were always there, yet there was so much I didn’t k now about them.That’s what I love so much about space.

People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mares.My answer is simple because we’re curious.We human beings do not just hole up in one place.We are constantly wondering and trying to find ou t what’s over the hill and beyond the horizon.

56.How did Clara get the new about the essay contest?( no more than 10 words

57.Why did Clara have a front-row seat in NASA?( no more than 10 words)

58.What does Clara remember about the time spent with Grandma?( no more than 15 words)

59.What does the underlined phrase “hole up”mean?(1 word)

In your opinion,why is curiosity important?( no more than 20 words)

56 By reading a Time for Kids magazine

Or: From a Time for kids magazine

57.She won the essay contest held by NASA.

Or:She named the Mars rover”Curiosity”

Or: “Curiosity” was chosen as the name of the Mars rover

58.She sat together with Grandma listening to her stories about the stars

Or:Her grandma told her stories about the stars

Or:They sat together talking about the stars.

59.Stay/Remain/Live/Hide

60.Curiosity is important because it leads to discovery or invention.

Or:With curiosity,we keep asking questions and exploring the world unknown

Or:Curiosity drives us through our lives so that we never stop wondering about the things beyond our

Last December, Doris Low turned 90. Once a week she still drives to the Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB) in Toronto, where she helps transform literature into braille (盲文) to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hearts and minds of blind readers. She has been volunteering her time and talents to such enterprises for more than 40 years.

After working in the business world for a while, Low got fed up. So she turned to teaching at a technical school and later moved into the library.

Lo w’s mother liked reading. As her eyes began to fail, Low read to her. Then “hearing an advertisement encouraging people to learn braille, I decided to give it a try.” In 1973, she was

certified as a braille transcriber (转译者) and began transcribing books as a volunteer for the CNIB library.

The job was strenuous—she could get to the end of a page, make a mistake on the last line, and have to do the whole thing again. For a number of years, Low also worked in the CNIB sound studio reading books onto tape. Three years ago, she took up proofreading (校对) at the CNIB’s word factory.

In April, during V olunteer Week, the CNIB recognized Low for her great contributions. Thanks to volunteers like Low, the CNIB library has got more than 80,000 accessible materials for people unable to read traditional print. “I can’t imagine how many readers of all ages have benefited from Doris’s contribution as a skilled volunteer through her rich voice and her high degree of accuracy in the hundreds of books she has brailled and proofread over the years—and she is still doing so,” said a CNIB official.

“For me,” said Low, “the CNIB is more than just a place to volunteer. Three things matter most in my life: a little play, a little work, a little love. I’ve found them all here.”

56. What does Low still do at the age of 90 at the CNIB? (no more than 10 words)

57. Why did Low learn braille? (no more than 15 words)

58. What does the un derlined word “strenuous” most probably mean? (1 word)

59. What are Low’s contributions to the CNIB? (no more than 15 words)

60. What do you think of Low? Give your reasons. (no more than 20 words)

答案56. She helps transform literature into braille ( for blind readers/the blind)

57. (Because ) her mother’s eyes began to fail an d she heard an/the advertisement.

58. Difficult/Hard/Tiring/Tough

59. She has brailled and proofread hundreds of books, and read books onto tape.

60. Low is kind and helpful because she has devoted much time to transcribing books into braille as a volunteer.

Or: Low is a kind-hearted lady with a positive attitude toward life because she takes delight in helping others.

阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Six days a week, up and down the red hills of northeast Georgia, my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there. At age 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped serving the community.

On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for —good health, good friends and good outcomes. By most measurements he was a happy man. Then

I suggested it was time for him to slow down. At long last, in a comfortable home, with a generous pension, he should learn to take things easy.

“Thank you for your nice words,” he wrote in his letter back, “and I know what you meant, but slowing down scares me. Life isn’t having it made; it’s getting it made.”

“The finest and happiest years of our l ives were not when all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences had passed, and we had settled into a comfortable home. No. I go back years ago, when we lived in a three-room house, when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to mak e ends meet. I rarely had more than four hours of sleep. But what I still can’t figure out is why I never got tired, never felt better in my life. I guess the answer is, we were fighting for survival, protecting and providing for those we loved. What matters are not the great moments, but the partial victories, the waiting, and even the defeats. It’s the journey, not the arrival, that counts.”

The letter ended with a personal request: “Boy, on my next birthday, just tell me to wake up and get going, because I will have one less year to do things — and there are ten million things waiting to be done.”

Christina Rossetti, an English poet, once said: “Does the road wind uphill all the way? Yes, to the very end.” Today, at 96, my grandfather is still on that long road, climbing.

56.What was the author’s grandfather before he retired? (no more than 5 words)

57.What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his letter? (no more than 10 words)

58.What is the grandfather’s view on life according to his letter back? (no more than 10 words)

59.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)

60.Do you agree with the grandfather’s view on life? Give reasons in your own words, (no more than 20 words)

答案56. He was a postman. Or: He worked in a post-office.

57. He advised him to slow down (and take things easy).

/ He advised he/his grandfather (should) slow down.

58. The process is more important than the result.

Or: A man should not slow down however old he is.

Or: Life isn't having it made; it's getting it made. / It's the journey, not the arrival that counts.

59. My/His/The grandfather is still busy doing meaningful things.

Or: The grandfather is still living an active life.

Or: The grandfather is still involved in whatever he can do.

60. Yes. One should always be full of passion in his life no matter how old he is.

Or: People should make full use of their time to do something meaningful

No. It is more sensible for people to slow down and enjoy an easy life in their old age.

Or: Slowing down contributes to better health and longer life for people in old age.

I’m a 34-year-old man, married, lived in a nice house, and have a successful career as an

educational consultant. But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from an early age. I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help. Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.

My life improved remarkably when I discovered art. The art world gave me a chance to express myself without words. I went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay(黏土). Here I learned my first important lesson: disabled as I was in language. I could still be smart and well express myself with clay. And my confidence came along.

I got my next lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but I was scared from the start. I soon noticed it wasn’t a talent thing; it was practice. So I did it more. After about five years of climbing, I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall. I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.

Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write. Every da y I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard year s, I was literate.

Having gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, and reading and writing, now I’ve got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.

56. What made the author’s school days difficult? (No more than 5 words)

57. Why did art give the author confidence? (No more than 10 words)

58. What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing? (No more than 15 words)

59. What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4? (No more than 5 words)

61.How does the author’s story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life? Put it in your own words. (No more than 20 words)

答案

56.(His) learning disability. Or: Having a learning disability.

Or: That he was learning disabled. Or: He had a learning disability.

57.He could be smart and express himself with clay.

Or：Art could help him express himself without words.

Or: He could well express himself with clay/art.

58.If you enjoy something and keep doing it, you will get better at it.

Or: The more you practice something, the better at it you will become. Or: Practice makes perfect. Or: Practice leads to success.

59.I could read and write.

60.We should not lose heart in face of difficulties. If we work hard，we will find a way out. Or: The author’s story tells me that I should be confident and practice hard to overcome difficulties in my life.or:We should overcome our weakness and fears with courage and determination.

For many teenagers, a job is a way to earn a little extra money. For me, it is more than

that.

In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made my

bed and did my homework. He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol

at the party. I got so a ngry with him for laying down the law. I would scream, “I hate

you!” Dad would yell back, “Good! I don’t care!” Deep down I knew he did.

One time at a party, I drank too much alcohol and got so sick. I said, “Call my dad.”

Next thing, Dad was carrying me to the car. I woke up the next morning, thinking I

would definitely be criticised. As expected, I got a roasting, but I now understand why I needed discipline.

Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films. I had an early start at the age of nine

with a rol e in a 1990s TV series, but it wasn’t until I finished film studies that I pursued

my career as an actress. Like those early days for Dad, I faced lots of rejections. Working

in such a competitive industry, I’ve sometimes thought, “I can’t do this any more.”

Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent

months in my bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find

myself again. Dad sat me down and said, “Alice, I know it’s hard, but it’s all about persistence(坚持不懈).”

Now I get to work with Dad a lot, which I love. We are both passionate about acting,

which comes from us being so interested in people. If it weren’t for Dad, I wouldn’t be

where I am today. He’s my biggest fan, and when you have that in y our life you can go a

long way.

56．What rules did Alice’s father set for her when she was growing up? (no more than 15 words)

57．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? (no more than 5 words)

58What did Alice’s father do when she felt depress ed? (no more than 5 words) 59．According to the last paragraph, what do Alice and her father have in common? (no more than 10 words)

62.What do you think of Alice’s father? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)

答案56．She should make her bed, do her homework and drink no alcohol.

Or: Making her bed, doing her homework and drinking no alcohol.

57．I got/was criticised/scolded.

58．He encouraged/comforted/inspired her.

59．They are both passionate about acting and interested in people.

60．He is a good/devoted/caring/loving father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble.

Or: He is always supportive/a source of strength. Whenever she is in trouble, he is

there for her.