2020年高考英语新题型写作技巧四 定语从句和写作同义词总结
2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧
专题（四）定语从句+写作同类词合集
在写作中运用定语从句不仅可以显示考生较好的语言运用能力，更能为写作增添色彩。所以考生一定要在平时练习时学会在书信应用文、概写和续写中尝试写定语从句，让作文整体显得漂亮和流畅。
一．用于书面表达中定语从句的类型
1.关系代词引导的定语从句
who，whom，whose，which，that，as等关系代词引导的定语从句在高考书面表达中屡见不
鲜。尤其以as和which引导的非限制性定语从句更是司空见惯。
①.I’m qualified with every extra work that you want me to do.(2019全国一卷书面表达)
②.Last week,we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture,
which turned out to be extremely rewarding.(2018北京高考书面表达)
③.As is known,I will be a volunteer for the13th National Games which will be held at the end of
August in Tianjin.(2017年天津高考书面表达)
④.Any student who is interested is welcome to participate.(2016全国卷书面表达)
2.关系副词引导的定语从句
when，where，why关系副词引导的定语从句也可以在高考书面表达中找到很多例子。在写这
种类型的定语从句时，一定要注意关系词前面一些特殊的先行词，如：period，age，occasion，
situation，case，point，reason等。
①.We are to meet on Sunday morning in the People’s Park,where the air is fresh and the scenery is
beautiful.(2017全国一卷书面表达)
②.They found the dangerous situation,where three men circled the wolf.(2017浙江高考书面表
达)
③.I think the reason why you’re always angry may be the high pressure of study.(2014安徽高考书
面表达)
3.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
Material collecting took us a whole week,during which we interviewed our teachers and took
pictures of every aspect of our school life.
二．定语从句的写法
定语从句对于考生来说相对较难灵活运用，所以一定要在平时的写作训练中多加练习。在写作中，可以采取以下的步骤训练。
1.写出两个相关联的简单句；
2.在其中一处简单句中找出需要修饰的词，这个词一定要在两个简单句中都有联系；
3.把剩下的一个简单句改成定语从句，根据关系词的不同选择而对句子进行修改。若是关
系代词，就要去掉这个简单句中的主语或者宾语。若是关系副词，则要删掉状语。
例一：The foreigner got arrested by the police.
He picked a woman’s pocket on the bus.
先确定两个简单句中需要修饰的共同成分，即the foreigner。确定第一句为主句后，剩下的第
二句要改写成定语从句。由于是代词做主语，所以考虑用关系代词who或者that引导定语从
句，并删去第二句的主语he。
The foreigner who/that picked a woman’s pocket on the bus got arrested by the police.
例二：A fire suddenly broke out in the theater.
Without delay,Tom ran away from the theater.
先确定两个简单句中需要修饰的共同成分，即the theater。确定第二句作主句后，剩下的第二
句为定语从句。由于in the theater是地点状语，所以考虑用关系副词where引导定语从句，并
删去第一句的状语in the theater。
Without delay,Tom ran away from the theater where a fire suddenly broke out.
由于灵活运用定语从句对于考生来说有一定的难度，所以考生在书面表达中运用定语从句时会常犯一些错误，比如误用关系词，句子成分多余或残缺，把定语从句和其它从句混淆。这些都是考生需要注意的。后面的改错练习会涉及到一些定语从句写作中常见的错误。
提升训练
一．请把下列的定语从句改正确。
1.I live in Beijing,where is the capital of China.
2.I have a friend,who’s name is Liu Mei.
3.There were many students took part in the English competition.
4.The last one leaves the classroom is supposed to turn off lights.
5.As can be seen from the picture,that a sad boy stands between his angry parents.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/7015424634.html,st week,I returned to the village where I grew up there in my childhood.
7.Which is known,smoking is a bad habit that threatens people’s health.
8.His parents told him many times not to play beside the river,it didn’t help.
9.There’re three members in my family and I’m the only one child,who is very common in China.
10.When travelling overseas,you should follow the customs of the country where you are visiting.
11.I will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in the store.
12.On the third floor there are two rooms,one of them is used as a meeting room.
13.The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop,which they plan to stay for
three days.
14.I gave that boy such a difficult math problem which he couldn’t work out.
15.During holiday seasons,I will live in the countryside,when air is fresh and people are friendly.
题目一
【答案】
1.I live in Beijing,which is the capital of China.
2.I have a friend,whose name is Liu Mei.
3.There were many students who took part in the English competition.
4.The last one who leaves the classroom is supposed to turn off lights.
5.As can be seen from the picture,(去掉that)a sad boy stands between his angry parents.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/7015424634.html,st week,I returned to the village where I grew up(去掉there)in my childhood.
7.As is known,smoking is a bad habit that threatens people’s health.
8.His parents told him many times not to play beside the river,which/but it didn’t help.
9.There’re three members in my family and I’m the only one child,which is very common in
China.
10.When travelling overseas,you should follow the customs of the country which/that you are
visiting.
11.I will never forget the day on which we went to buy guitars in the store.
12.On the third floor there are two rooms,one of which is used as a meeting room.
13.The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop,where they plan to stay for
three days.
14.I gave that boy such a difficult math problem as he couldn’t work out.
15.During holiday seasons,I will live in the countryside,where air is fresh and people are friendly.二．用适当的关系词填空。
1.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of___________uses it differently.
2.Our science teacher will serve as our guide,____________is expected to tell us something
interesting about the Tiantai Shan.
3.Only those____________spare no effort to confront problems can achieve what they long for.
4.We’ll put off the picnic in the park until next week,____________the weather may be better.
5.We’ll spend some fun time together singing,dancing and playing games,_____________I hope
will make them every happy.
题目二
【答案】1.which
2.who
3.who
4.when
5.which
三．将下列的简单句合并成定语从句。
1.This is the best method.It can be used against pollution.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2.I’ve always longed for the days.I will be able to be independent then.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3.I will go on a trip to Sichuan.There’re a great number of places of interest in Sichuan.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4.I am on good terms with a friend.Her father works as an engineer.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5.Through the course of my schooling,I encountered many teachers.Two of them influenced me
greatly.
_______________________________________________________________________________题目三
【答案】1.This is the best method that can be used against pollution.
2.I’ve always longed for the days when I will be able to be independent.
3.I will go on a trip to Sichuan,where there’re a great number of places of interest.
4.I am on good terms with a friend,whose father works as an engineer.
5.Through the course of my schooling,I encountered many teachers,two of whom influenced
me greatly.
四．用定语从句完成下列句子。
1.我们将在学习唐朝时写的一些中国诗歌。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2.我无法遵守承诺是因为我叔叔马上要出国深造了。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
3.一年中有四季，每个季节都有显著的特点。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
4.作为一名外向的学生，我善于同其他人交往，这使我对这个职位感到自信。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
5.我们都知道，当我们需要帮助时，我们的朋友会伸出援手，他们会帮我们渡过遇到各种问题
的难关。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________题目四
【答案】1.We’re going to learn some Chinese poems which/that were written in the Tang Dynasty.
2.The reason why I can’t keep my word is that my uncle will go abroad for further studies soon.
3.There are four seasons in a year,each of which has distinctive features.
4.As an outgoing student,I am skilled at communicating with others,which makes me feel confident
about this position.
5.As we all know,our friends will lend us a helping hand when we need help and they will help us get
through difficult situations where we will be faced varieties of problems.
写作同义词总结
由于在有限的词汇量和紧张的时间里，许多考生写的作文常常平淡无味，缺乏文采和感染力。因此，考生平时练习书面表达的时候，要多注意并多积累一些同义词的表达和替换，并把它们加以应用。这样写的作文，不管是书信应用文，概写或者续写，才会大放异彩，夺得高分。以下两个部分是关于一些动词、名词、形容词和副词短语等词的同义词集合，仅供参考。
一．笼统词转变为具体词。
1.good:amazing令人大为惊奇的；pleasant令人愉快的，宜人的；fantastic/fabulous极好的；outstanding 出色的；terrific极好的，绝妙的；excellent优秀的；
2.bad:awful糟糕的，可怕的；terrible糟糕的，可怕的；unpleasant令人不快的；disgusting令人恶心的
3.happy:cheerful兴高采烈的；delighted快乐的；pleased高兴；amused逗乐的；content满意的
4.sad:depressed沮丧的；gloomy悲观的；upset不高兴的；frustrated懊恼的；disappointed失望的
5.pretty:appealing有吸引力的；lovely美丽的；attractive吸引人的；charming有魅力的；elegant优雅的；adorable可爱的
6.big:large大的；huge巨大的；giant巨大的；enormous庞大的；immense巨大的
7.say:speak说，演讲；chat聊天；comment评论；reply回复；remark说起，评论；review评论，复习；declare宣布；state陈述；exclaim惊叫；shout大声喊；whisper低声说；announce宣布，通知；respond 答复，回应；boast自夸；explain解释，说明；clarify澄清；claim声称；criticize批评，评论；interpret口译，解释
8.like:admire欣赏，仰慕；approve同意，赞成；treasure珍视；fancy爱慕；appreciate欣赏，感谢；cherish珍爱；desire渴望；enjoy喜爱，欣赏，享受；be addicted to对……上瘾；be crazy about对……着迷；be fond of喜欢……；be keen on喜爱……；have a fancy for喜欢……；take pleasure in以……为乐
9.run:speed快速前行；hurry匆忙；jog慢跑；rush冲向；race快速移动；dash猛冲，急驰；flee （过去式为fled）逃跑
10.look:gaze/stare at凝视；examine（仔细地）检查；glance at瞥一眼；view观看；observe观察；watch注视，看守；inspect视察；notice注意到；spot发现；glare at怒视；recognize认出；make out看清；catch sight of看见；catch a glimpse of瞥见
11.ask:interview访问；question问，审问
12.listen:hear听到；pick up接收（信号、声音、图像等）；overhear偶然听到
13.want:look forward to期望；long for渴望；be dying for渴望；be eager to do sth./for sth.想要……；渴望；be anxious to do sth./for sth.想要，渴望
14.shout:cry呼喊；scream尖叫；moan呻吟；sigh叹息；quarrel争吵
15.go:climb爬行；jump跳跃；skip蹦蹦跳跳地走；slip溜走；enter进入；move移动，搬迁；drive 驾驶；ride骑；fly快速移动；crawl匍匐前进
16.have:occupy占有；hold拥有，持有（见解等）；own拥有（强调所有权）；possess具有（某种品质、才能、特点或性能等）；keep保有；enjoy享有；be blessed with享有
17.money:possession个人财产，私人物品；wealth钱财；belongings财产，财物；fortune巨款；treasure 珠宝，金银财宝
二．其它常见写作词汇的多种表达。
1.“优缺点”:advantage优势，有利条件；disadvantage劣势，不利条件；strength优势，优点，体力；shortcoming缺点；drawback缺点
2.“专心于；集中注意力”:be absorbed in专心于；be addicted to沉迷于；be buried in埋头于；be devoted to致力于；be engaged in专心于；be involved in专注于；be lost in陷入，专心致志于；be occupied in忙于；concentrate on专心于；fix one's mind/attention on集中注意力于；focus on集中注意力于；pay attention to注意；put one’s heart into集中注意力于
3.“反复”:over and over again反复，多次；over and over反复，再三；time and time again一再；time and again一再，屡次；again and again反复，再三地
4.“立刻；马上”:at once；right away/now；in no time；instantly；immediately；in a flash
5.“人物性格特点”:active积极的，活跃的；confident有信心的；creative/innovative富有创造力的；cruel残忍的；devoted/dedicated有献身精神的；energetic/lively有活力的；enthusiastic/passionate充满热情的；generous慷慨的；mean吝啬的；selfish自私的；selfless无私的；warm-hearted热心肠的；indifferent/stony冷漠的
6.“适应”:adapt(oneself)to/adjust(oneself)to适应；agree with适宜；与……一致；fit in相适应；
相融合；get along/on well with…和……相处很好
7.“照看/照顾某人”:attend to/on/upon sb；care for sb.；look after sb.；show consideration for sb.；take care of sb.
8.“与……有关”:be concerned with；be involved in；be related to；be relevant to；have something to do with；be connected with
9.“除……以外”:apart from除……外(还有/没有)；as well as除……之外还有；aside from除……外(还有/没有)；besides除……外(还有)；except for除了(不好的部分)；in addition to此外；in addition此外(单独使用)；with an exception to除……外没有
10.“出现与消失”:appear vi.出现；die out灭亡；逐渐消失；disappear vi.消失；失踪；show up/turn up出现；come into being形成；extinct adj.灭绝的
11.“相信”与“不相信”:belief n．信任，信心，信仰；convince vt.使确信；faith n．信任，信仰；reliable/trustworthy/dependable adj.可靠的；unbelievable/incredible adj.难以置信的；trusting adj.轻信的
12.“同意与反对”:agree vi.同意；approve vt.&vi.批准，赞成；disagree vi.不同意；object vi.反对；oppose vt.反对,反抗；reject vt.抛弃，拒绝；support n.&vt.支持，拥护；advocate vt.主张，支持；dismiss vt.不予考虑；turn down拒绝
13.“犯罪”:accuse sb.of控告；charge sb.with控告；commit vt.犯(罪)；crime n．罪行；guilt n．罪行；punish vt.惩罚；sentence n.&vt.判决；suspect v．怀疑；猜想n．犯罪嫌疑人；trial n.审讯；question vt.审问
14.“小心；当心”:be careful小心；look out当心；take care小心；look/watch out(for)当心；be mindful of留心；mind vt.当心，注意
15.“因此,因为”:as a result/consequence结果，因此；consequently adv.所以；so adv.&conj.因此；所以；therefore adv.因此；所以；thus adv.因此；于是；because of/due to/owing to/as a result of/on account of因为
16.“导致”:account for解释，导致；bring about导致；contribute to促成；lead to造成；result in导致；give rise to导致；
17.“被困”:be trapped in/be stuck in/be caught in被困在……
18.“方法”:the approach to doing sth./the way to do/of doing sth./the means of doing sth./the method of doing sth.做某事的方法；in this way/by this means/with this method用这种方法
19.“主要的，首要的，重要的”:chief adj.首要的；main adj.主要的；major adj.主要的，重要的；primary adj.主要的，首要的；principal adj.主要的，首要的；fundamental adj.根本的；significant adj.重
要的；essential/necessary adj.必要的
20.“通常；总之”:in general/as a rule/generally(speaking)/on average通常，一般而言；in a word/all in all/in conclusion/in short/in brief/on the whole/to sum up/in a nutshell/to conclude总之
21.“偶尔；有时”:now and then/on occasion/from time to time/at times/once in a while偶尔，有时；occasionally adv.偶尔
22.“观点；态度”:positive/approving/favorable/supportive/optimistic/enthusiastic积极的；negative/disapproving/pessimistic消极的；subjective主观的；objective/neutral中立的；doubtful/suspicious/skeptical怀疑的；critical批评的
23.“不管；不顾”:regardless of不管，不顾；despite prep.尽管，不管；in spite of尽管，不管
当然，这些总结的同义词对于书面表达中词汇的运用还可能稍嫌不够，所以考生在平时学习的时候，可以多查阅词典做更多的补充和总结，以便丰富自己的写作词库做到有的放矢。
高考英语作文写作技巧
高考英语作文写作技巧 从每年的考试情况来看，很多同学能完整地按照要求把文章写出来，但得分却较低。实际上，高考英语书面表达是一个分值颇高且易得分的题型，只是很多同学没有掌握得分技巧。下面我们一起看看怎样才能让高考作文“拽”起来。 2.书面表达整篇背诵绝无必要，可以以看读为主，关键是从中汲取一些常用的词汇和表达，并能得体熟练地运用。考场上应变能力很重要! 3.英文写作模仿很重要。有时也很有效。但不能过于牵强，尤其是对一些长难句的刻意模仿使用。 5.“见微知著，一叶知秋”，几个亮点足矣：有道是：浓妆淡抹总相宜，作文写得简洁到位要比长篇大论更显功力。 6.心不为形役。不要身陷逐字逐句“英汉对号”式的字面翻译，要把表达的主动权始终握在自己手里。 历届高考，书面表达考得最多是提示作文，即提供一定的情景内容，要求考生完成100词左右的短文。 从命题方式看，有短文提示、要点提示、图画提示、情景提示以及图表提示等；体裁以应用文为主，记叙文为辅：题材为广大中学生所熟悉的日常生活。从提供要点的情景方面看，历届高考书面表达题均属供料小作文，采用文字供料或文字说明加图画(图表)的方式供料。 备考时，同学们要利用有限的时间把以前背的范文整理一下，从中选出不同体裁、不同题材的范文各一篇(范文以高考真题的高分作文为佳)，把它们重新记忆，一定记牢。这样，高考时不管什么样的文章都可套用背诵好的格式。避免考场上因紧张而无章可循。 最后阶段，还要总结一下写作时常用且能出彩的固定句型、句式，比如强调句型、定语从句、名诃性从句等，牢记英语的五个基本句式，背诵平时老师总结的万能句。以不变应万变。 考场答题前，应仔细审题，研究所提供的文字和图画(图表)材料和作文要求。分析、提炼要点，理顺要点，确立基本的写作思路，不要忽略任何一个词。关键的词更不能遗漏，构思好写几个方面，缺一不可。
(完整版)2020上海高考英语一模概要写作指导写作汇编
上海高考英语题型训练: 写作 2020高三第一学期期末质量抽查 IV. Summary Writing （10 分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 松江 It goes without saying that the language spoken by the majority of British people has the same name as the language spoken by most citizens of the U.S.A. Nonetheless, quite apart from well-documented lexical （词汇的）differences - pavement/sidewalk, lift/elevator, etc. - there are still some words and phrases which can cause confusion and misunderstanding between speakers of the two different forms. That's why sonic people say that Great Britain and the United States are nations separated by a common language. There are practical reasons for this. When the first English settlers arrived in what we now call America, the language they spoke was naturally the same as that spoken by their compatriots （同胞）on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. However, they immediately saw things which didn't exist in Europe, often items used and made by Native Americans, such as canoes and moccasins and creatures such as buffalo. They also picked up words which they heard being used by other European immigrants. The word "boss”,for example, was used by settlers from Holland in New York in the mid-17th century. It comes from the Dutch word "baas'" which means master. The word "cookie" also comes from the Dutch "koekje”. There are many words, phrases and even grammatical structures which are mistaken for Americanisms （美式英语用语）in Britain when they are nothing of the sort. Very often, they represent not an American import, but an original form of British English which has disappeared in Britain. The verbs "guess” meaning think and “loan” me aning lend and the adjective "mad" meaning angry are frequently criticized as Americanisms, yet they all appeared in British English hundreds of years ago. In the case of “loan”, it was used as long ago as 1,200 years! In fact, English spoken in the UK has changed so thoroughly in the last 500 years that American English now represents the last place where some original British English forms can be found. 参考答案：Although American English and British English are the same language, there are great differences. Two reasons account for the phenomenon. New words were created after the first English settlers in America saw new things and learned words from other Europeans. Additionally, some original expressions have been changed by British people while they are still being used by Americans. 崇明 Giving Thanks This is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we're thankful for in life. Spending that time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special. But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the years? Gratitude is a
高中英语作文写作技巧方法
高中英语作文写作技巧方法 导读：本文高中英语作文写作技巧方法，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 审题是做到切题的第一步。所谓审题就是要看清题意，确定文章的中心思想、主题，并围绕中心思想组织材料。 高中英语作文写作技巧方法：构思并列出简单的提纲审好题、立好意后，就要写提纲，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好几件事：安排好层次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。 高中英语作文写作技巧方法：扩展成文根据字数多少扩展成篇。扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题，千万不要写那些与主题不相关的内容。展开的方式包括：顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法和下定义等。可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式。 在这一步骤中还需注意三方面问题： 1)确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性。只有这样，才能保证所写段落不 偏题、不跑题。 2)要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排，避免段落内容的交叉。 3)用好连接词，注意段落间、句子间的连贯性。要做到所写文章层次分明，思路清晰， 文字连贯，就需要在句与句之间、段与段之间架起一座座桥梁，
而连接词起的正是桥 梁作用。 在扩展的过程中也有些窍门，以下几点可供参考： 1)在整篇文章中，避免只是用一两个句式或重复用同一词语。英语中存在着极为丰富的同义词，准确地使用同义词可以给读者清新的感觉。同时要灵活运用各种句式，如 倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等，从而增加 文章的可读性。 2)使用不同长度的句子。如果一个意思用一句话写不清楚的话，通过分句和合句或用两 句、三句来表达，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。 3)改变句子的开头方式，不要总是以主、谓、宾、状的次序。可以把状语至于句首，或 用分词等。 4)学会使用过渡词。 (1) 递进furthermore，moreover，besides，in addition，then，etc (2) 转折however，but，nevertheless，afterwards，etc (3) 总结finally，at last，in brief，to conclude，etc (4) 强调really，indeed，certainly，surely，above a11，etc (5) 对比in the same way，just as，on the other hand，etc
高考英语之概要写作.pdf
概要写作（Summary writing），被称为“小作文”。概要写作分值占据15分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。 概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在50-60字，答案尽量符合“Key points of a summary”的要求。 一．正确认识概要写作 1. Definition of summary writing（概要写作的定义） By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book. 2. Key points of a summary（概要写作的要点） Conciseness（简要性）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information. Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text. Completeness（完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner. Accuracy（准确性）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does. Coherence（连贯性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow. Objectivity（客观性）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only. 3. Steps to write a summary（概要写作的步骤） 1）Skim the text to find out the general theme. 2）Analyze the text’s structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence) 3）Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details. 4）Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence. 5）Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes. 4. Beginning of a summary（概要写作的开头） Begin your summary with: *The author’s name *The article’s or chapter’s name *The author’s thesis statement—a general overview(survey) of the article. The Body: First of all, the author describes…… He then points out that…… In addition, the author talks about…… Finally, the author suggests…… Some other introductory phrases: *(The author) states in (this article) that…
高考英语写作技巧：写作之描写篇
高考英语写作技巧：写作之描写篇 这里所说的描写，是指对自然景物、社会环境和动植物的描写。 描写，是用生动形象的语言，把景物的形体、特征、性质等具体地描绘出来，使人产生如临其境、如睹其物的感受。它是用富有表现力的文字描绘客观事物的一种表现形式。运用描写，可以展现地域、环境、自然景物的画面，可以绘声绘色、有形有神地展示动物、植物的神态。 人们通常所说的描写，主要是指艺术性描写。我们这里所说的描写也包括了一部分用于说明文里的技术性描写，如地区的介绍等。描写，有单独成文的，也有穿插在其他体裁之中的。比如，在记叙文中，景物描写可以创造某种气氛，烘托人物性格、展示事件背景等。我们这里选编的主要是单独成文的描写文。 一、描写方式 所有描写都包含两个要素：一是对象（object），二是观察者（observer）。前者指看到的或听说的客观事物，后者指看或听的人，一般是指描写文的作者。根据二者之中哪一个要素处于支配地位，我们可把描写方式分为两种： 1.客观性描写 客观性描写独立于观察者的感知和感情，精确记录描写对象的面目。它是一种真实的报道，目的在于告诉不能亲眼看见描写对象的读者景物的真实情况。作者把自己当作是一部照相机，用词语如实摄制真正的照片。从其超然或公正的特点来看，客观性描写文作者很像是科学家，他要从自己的工作中严格排除个人意见和感情。例如，他在描写上楼时，不能写“I am going upstairs”，而只能直接写“on the second floor”；也不能用反映个人意见内涵的词语，例如，要说“大楼”就要用陈述事实的“large building”，而不能用含有感情的表达“a magnificent building”。 2.印象性描写 印象性描写与客观性描写截然不同。它注视的是描写对象在观察者或作者心目中引起的情绪或情感，而不是描写对象本身的存在。就是说，它不是向读者传达信息，而是要激发读者的感情。它是让人们去感觉，而不是让人们去看。所以，感情交流是印象性描写的首要目的。交流的过程起始于作者，它必须来源于真诚的感情。作者要想使自己的描写成功，不仅感觉要深，而且要在自己的心目中明确那是什么感情。只有作者了解了自己的心情才能把它交流给读者。 二、描写类型 描写文有多种分类方法，有从对象上分类的，有从方法上分类的，还有从描写角度分类的。就我们的需要而言描写文可从内容和技法两方面进行分类：
(完整版)高考英语概要写作2篇题目及答案
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要(2017宁波模拟) Many Chinese students have studied English for approximately ten years, but most of them cannot even speak English correctly or fluently. In my opinion, there are several obstacles that have caused this to happen. The main obstacle is fear! Another is the habit of mentally translating from Chinese to English and then to change these thoughts into spoken words and sentences. Many of these difficulties are caused by the way Chinese people study and learn the language. We must learn to speak as a child does. When we are learning a second language we need to remember how we learned our native language. Learning to understand and speak a language is one of the first skills a child develops. How does a child learn the language? He listens for a time and then he tries to repeat the words. Parents give great praise for the smallest effort and slightest improvement. Therefore, the child develops courage and is excited about learning. It takes a long time before he knows anything about grammar, spelling or formal sentence structures. As for language teachers, they should avoid criticism and be very encouraging and generous with praise. Criticism or pointing out faults too often causes students to lose self-confidence and develop a fear of speaking. The best way to motivate a student is using praise. The most important aspect of speaking is having good self-esteem. Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself. When most Chinese people are asked how their English is, or they are told their English is very good, they immediately respond by saying, "Oh my English is very poor." If you say this to yourself often enough, you will believe it. When someone compliments（称赞）you, just say "thank you". __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 共（）词
高考英语作文技巧
高考英语作文技巧 1.开头万能公式一:名人名言 有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编! 原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? 经典句型: A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言 It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言 更多经典句型: As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2.开头万能公式二:数字统计 原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: Honesty 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。Travel by Bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 Youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型: A recent statistics shows that … 写作绝招 结尾万能公式: 1.结尾万能公式一:如此结论 说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: Obviously(此为过渡短语, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! 更多过渡短语:
高中英语概要写作题型解读与技巧
概要写作题型解读与技巧 第一部分概要写作总体介绍 1.题型介绍 ◆选材特点 (1)所需阅读的短文词数在350以内; (2)所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。 ◆评分参考 阅卷时主要考虑以下内容： (1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况; (2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性; (3)上下文的连贯性; (4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。 注意：理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分相应比较高。相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低;所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。 2考查能力 概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。 第二部分概要写作步骤和方法 一．概括的写作步骤： 1. 确定主题句。确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。 2. 寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。 3. 重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。
新高考英语概要写作答题技巧
新高中英语概要写作答题技巧 概要写作要求读懂所给的阅读材料，用自己的语言高度概括文章的主要内容和观点，有三个步骤：1阅读 a.把握文章体裁。概要写作的前提是要理解原文。首先，通读原文，把握文章体裁、中心思想和整体结构，根据文章的体裁特点来决定内容的取舍，可以从以下方面的内容(见下表)入手。 ▲不同体裁文章的要点 b.画出主题句或关键词，主题句一般出现在段首或段尾。在找到主题句后，要分析主题句的意义，进一步确定衬托主题句的一些关键词（组）如动词、名词等。 c.整合概括大意。根据阅读时获取的信息、主题句或关键词(组)等，对相关的内容进行整合，理清各层次、要点之间的关系，用自己的语言把词(组)扩展成句，归纳出各段落的大意，也就是表达的要点。2写作
概要写作不是对原文的简单复述，而是在透彻理解原文的基础上，对原文进行高度的概括。注意以下几点： a.准确。准确理解原文包括对原文中每个要点及与之相关的“一些重要论据，句子的理解等。概要写作必须绝对忠实于原文，既不能遗漏任何要点，也不能随意添加内容。概要写作的时态顺应与原文的时态，顺序一致。由于概要写作是转述别人的事情或观点，所以，不管原文使用何种人称概要写作一般都要用第三人称。 b.客观。在进行概要写作时，要依据原文作者的观点，客观地转述文中的要点，不要把自己个人的观点和看法掺杂进去，不要使用“I think”和“I believe”等主观性的词句。由于概要写作不允许照抄原文中的句子，因此，可采用句型转换、同义词转化、语态互换等手法将原文中的句子进行改头换面，达到“雁过不留痕”的效果。如可用单个词汇替换具有相同语法功能的单词和词组：用determine 代替“make up ones mind”;用therefore和to等表示逻辑意义的连接词代替较长的词组“as a result”和“in order to”等。 c.简洁。由于概要写作的词数有限，所以，可以采取削“枝”去“叶”的方法来减少词数。通常的方法是去掉原文中的一些实例、冗长的说明、描述性的修饰语以及省略或简化图表，删除直接引语的对话。如果必须保留某些重要的对话，可将其改为间接引语的形式，即把对话体变为叙述体；或采用主谓缩写( we are→we're；they will→they'll)，句式省略( when he crossed the road= when crossing the road)，合并句子，使用简单句、并列句，with的复合结构，适当使用复合句等方法来进行概要写作。 d.连贯。连接词是内容概要的桥梁，它在句与句或段与段之间起铺垫的作用，能够把内容概要有机地串联起来，确保行文流畅，衔接紧凑。因此，概要写作哪怕只有一个段落，也要根据原文的层次结构，在适当的地方添加连接词，如表示顺序关系的“firstly”¨secondly"“finally”；
高考英语作文写作实用技巧
高考英语作文写作实用技巧 导读：本文高考英语作文写作实用技巧，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 (一)掌握技巧： (1)注意篇章结构，合理布局 开始部分(opening paragraph)——说出文中的要点、核心问题。 正文部分(Body paragraphs)——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。 结尾部分(concluding paragraphs)——对全文的总结和概括。 要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容. (2)确定主题句 主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。 写主题句应注意以下几点： ①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点 ②提炼出一句具有概括性的话 ③主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。 (二)巧用连接词 要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词 表示罗列增加
First, second, third, First, then / next, after that / next, finally For one thing … for another…, On (the) one hand…on the other hand, Besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also, Especially / In particular, 表示时间顺序 now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during, 表示解释说明 now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover furthermore, in fact, actually 表示转折关系
上海高考英语新题型之概要写作(Summary)
上海高考英语新题型之概要写作 澄衷高级中学孙吉 从2017年起，上海英语高考试卷的题型将面临许多调整，其中之一便是增加了概要写作（Summary writing），也有许多人将之称为“小作文”。概要写作分值占据15分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。 概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在50-60字，答案尽量符合“Key points of a summary”的要求。 一．正确认识概要写作 1. Definition of summary writing（概要写作的定义） By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book. 2. Key points of a summary（概要写作的要点） Conciseness（简要性）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information. Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text. Completeness（完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner. Accuracy（准确性）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does. Coherence（连贯性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and
2019高考英语概要写作技巧讲解
2019高考英语概要写作技巧讲解 一、考点分析 （一）考查内容： 1、考查读懂文章内容的能力 2、考查识别作者写作目的的能力 3、考查归纳总结的能力 4、考查组织文章的能力 （二）评分要点 ?1）字数50左右 ?2）理解准确，涵盖全部要点 ?3）准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇 ?4）完全使用自己的语言 ?5）有效使用语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑 二、专题详解 定义： It is a brief, thorough and objective restatement of the main idea and key points of a longer composition. 读者在正确理解文章的基础上, 在不改变原文中心思想、 体裁和结构的前提下，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。 （三）写作方法 Step 1. 确定体裁，明确主题 Step 2. 明确文章结构（总-分，总-分-总，分-总，并列） Step 3. 划主题句与关键信息 Step 4. 写纲要，打草稿 Step 5. 润色成文
1) 找准体裁，提炼要点 按体裁 2) 语言：同义词 ① 同义转换：近义词、同义词和词组的替换，尽量用单词替换短语 （例 improve=promote, of great importance = greatly important ） ② ） ③ 句子重构：调整词类（名词、动词、形容词转换）、时态、语态（主动变被动）等 3) 衔接（替换；省略；增加）：表逻辑关系的连接词 替换：并列关系and, moreover, furthermore, in addition, 转折关系 but, instead, however, on the other hand 省略：并列观点有时可省略连接词;记叙文可省略衔接词。 增加：按逻辑关系，补充连接词firstly…, secondly…, finally…; and…, moreover…, furthermore…; but, instead, however, 例（一）
高考英语作文写作技巧攻略
爽爽文档汇编之 高考英语作文写作技巧攻略 一、如何写出“亮点” 以前,英语作文评分的依据是根据要点和语言准确度而定。但是从2001年起实行的高考评分标准强调了内容要点,语言的多样性、连贯性和得体性, 鼓励学生尝试语言表达的多样化和复杂化。因此要写成一篇较有水准的英语作文,除了要点和语言准确度以外,还必须在语用、语法结构以及表达的多样性和灵活性上有所表现。句子单一、缺乏生气的文章,哪怕没有任何错误也不可能得高分,相反,“有些许错误,但是为了使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”,给分 档次仍在最高档。 那么,英语作文如何才能得高分呢?以下几种手段是增加句子复杂性的常见方法,也是得高分的“亮点”： （一）改变句子的开头方式,不是一味地都是主语开头,接着是谓语、宾语,最后再加一个状语。可以把状语置于句首,或用分词作状语等。 试比较: １.(原文) My brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle the other day. (修正) The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. ２.(原文) The young man couldn’t help crying when he heard the bad news. (修正) Hearing the bad news, the young man couldn’t help crying. （二）在整篇文章中,避免只使用一两个句式,要灵活运用诸如强调句、主从复合句、分词短语、倒装句、省略句等。 1. 强调句 (原文) The dog has saved my little sister bravely. (修正) It is the dog that has saved my little sister bravely. 2. 主从复合句 (原文) We had to stand there to catch the offender. (修正) What we had to do was to stand there, trying to catch the offender. 3. 分词短语、由with或without引导的短语 (原文) The driver escaped and didn’t stop, he left the old man lying on the road. (修正) The driver escaped without stopping, leaving the old man lying on the road. 4. 倒装句 (原文) I went to bed at 11:30. (修正) Not until 11:30 did I go to bed. 5. 省略句 (原文) While you are crossing the street, you should be careful. (修正) While crossing the street, you should be careful. （三）通过分句和合句,增强句子的连贯性和表现力。 (原文) He stopped us an hour ago. He made us catch the next offender.
上海高考英语各类体裁概要写作技巧-word文档
上海高考英语概要写作技巧 Rubrics for summary writing (2019-9-14) 评分标准: 1. 本题总分为15分, 其中内容10分, 语言5分。（这部分还有待最终确认，可能是5+5） 2. 评分时应注意的主要方面: 内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。 3. 词数超过60，酌情扣分。 各档次给分要求: 内容部分 A. 能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵盖主要信息。 B. 能准确概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏个别主要信息。 C. 能概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏部分主要信息。 D. 未能准确概括文章主旨大意，遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。 E. 几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意义的相关信息。 F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。 语言部分 A. 能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。 B. 能用自己的语言较连贯、正确地表述，但有个别语言错误。 C. 基本能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述，但连贯性较差，且有少量不影响表意的语言错误。 D. 基本能用自己的语言表述，但连贯性较差，且严重语言错误较多。 E. 几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。 F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。 把握文体特点 记叙文：what who when where why how 议论文：opinion/ idea+ argument (supporting ideas / reasons) 说明文：phenomenon/ problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant) 新闻：a focus on the first paragraph, and the first or last sentence of the other paragraphs 样题解读 Dirt Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine.