考研英语长难句

考研英语长难句
考研英语长难句

1. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.(英语一,14年阅读T1)

重点词汇:

motivate vt.刺激;使有动机;激发…的积极性

zeal n.热情;热心;热诚

fundamental adj.基本的,根本的

taxpayer n.纳税人

claimant n.原告,索赔人,提出要求者

句子结构分析:

此句子正常顺序为we were to understand what motivated him was.... understand后跟宾语从句,从句的主语是what motivated him,谓语动词是was,破折号后起解释作用,进一步解释了fundamental fairness 的内容,protecting, controlling和ensuring是并列非谓语动词。

参考译文:

我们要明白,激发他的动机是他对“基本公平”的热情- 保护纳税人,控制支出并确保只有最有价值的索赔人才能获得利益。

2. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today—embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.(英语一,15年阅读T1)

重点词汇:

symbolic adj.象征的;符号的;使用符号的,有象征意义的

unity n. 团结;一致;联合

embody vt.体现,使具体化;具体表达

indefensible adj. 站不住脚的;不能防卫的;无辩护余地的

privilege n.特权,优待,优惠,好处

inequality n.不平等;不公平;不平均

句子结构分析:

此句子中,symbolic of national unity as they claim to be的正常语序是as they claim to be symbolic of national unity 是由as引导的让步状语从句,整个大句子的主干是their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today, 其中the way they behave又是一个定语从句,先行词是the way, 关系词是被省略掉的that/in which, 句子的谓语动词是embodies.

参考译文:

尽管他们声称是民族团结的象征,但是他们的历史- 有时是他们今天的行为方式- 体现了过时的、无法辩护的特权和不平等。

3. The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.(英语一,15年阅读T2)

重点词汇:

supreme adj.最高的;至高的;最重要的

content n.内容,目录;满足;容量

warrant n.根据;证明;正当理由;委任状

句子结构分析:

此句子主干结构为The Supreme Court will consider......,consider后加whether引导的宾语从句,表示是否...... 主语是police, 谓语动词部分是can search, 同时这个宾语从句又是一个含有if引导的条件状语的复合句。

参考译文:

如果在逮捕期间手机在被逮捕人身上或附近,最高法院现在会考虑警察是否可以在没有搜查令的情况下翻看手机内容。

4. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. (英语一,16年阅读T1)

重点词汇:

suggest vt. 提议,建议;启发;使人想起;显示;暗示

define vt.定义;使明确;规定

impinge vi.撞击;侵犯,打击

句子结构分析:

此句子主干为they suggest... suggest后引导虚拟语句,(that) beauty should... 同时looks后由that引导的定语从句,且that做从句中的主语,end up doing sth, 以...而告终,结束,最终....

参考译文:他们建议,美不应由最终损害健康的外表来定义。

5. A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question.(英语一,17年阅读T3)

重点词汇:

annual ad.j每年的,年度的

convert vt.转变,转换

well-being n.幸福,康乐, 福祉

句子结构分析:

此句主语为a recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being, countries和their ability做介词of的宾语,to convert growth into well-being 来修饰ability,表示.......的能力,句子的谓语动词为shed light on , shed light on sth 意思是阐明;使…清楚地显出。

参考译文:最近一项有关各个国家及其将经济增长转化成福祉的能力的年度研究阐释了这一问题。

6. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes –all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.(英语一,17年阅读T3)

重点词汇:outcome n. 结果,结局;成果

contribute to 有助于;捐献;带来,促成

well-being n. 幸福,康乐,福祉

句子结构分析:

此句子主干为It does not include.... 破折号后面的句子起解释作用,进一步解释了前面important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes,all things that...为定语从句,that是关系词,先行

词为things,sense of well-being 是幸福感。

参考译文:它不包括如环境质量或教育成果这样的重要的因素——一切有助于提升人们幸福感的事情。

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7. Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?(英语一,18年阅读T1)

重点词汇:

annoying adj.讨厌的;恼人的

unmentioned adj.未提及的;未说起的

presidential adj.总统的;首长的;统辖的

句子结构分析:

此句子主语是among the annoying challenges facing the middle class,是由among引导的介词短语作主语,谓语动词is,one 做句子的表语且后跟一个由that引导的定语从句,同时that做从句的主语,come for 表示为某种目的而来取,来接,向...冲来,对...进行袭击。

参考译文:

在中产阶级所面临的恼人的挑战中,可能在下一届总统竞选活动中也不会被提及的是:机器人来工作后会发生什么?

8. Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace.(英语一,18年阅读T2)

重点词汇:

skillful adj. 熟练的;巧妙的,娴熟的

fiction n.小说;虚构,编造;谎言

cyberspace n.网络空间, 信息空间, 电子空间

句子结构分析:

此句子的主干为Young people are becoming...... who引导的定语从句修饰先行词Young people,become skillful at..变得对.....很熟练/娴熟,separate...from...从...中分离/隔开....

参考译文:数字原住民的年轻人的确在网络空间内区分事实与虚构方面变得更加娴熟。

9. It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).(英语二,2014年阅读T1)

重点词汇:

commute n. 通勤、上下班路程

whopping adv.非常地,异常地

jollier adj.高兴的,兴高采烈的( jolly的比较级)

句子结构分析:

此句为多重复合句。句子主干是It seems most people would be better off 。It seems (that) 中it是形式主语,be better off 指变得更好,less

of it 中的it是指time,省略了(由and并列的相同动词)spend。本句话的难点在于代词和省略,要分清代词指代什么,省略了什么成分,句子就会变得易懂。

参考译文:

如果大多数人能缩短上下班时间,多和朋友和家人在一起,少看电视,生活似乎会更好。(美国人平均每年花近两个月的时间看电视,而且也没有因为看电视而变得更快乐)

10. Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive.(英语二,2014年阅读T2)

重点词汇:

rate vt. 认为;估价;

identify vt. 确定,认同

lineup n. 阵容;一组人;

versions n. 版本;译本

alter v. 改变,更改

句子结构分析:

本句是复杂句。Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others中的have表示使、让的含义,have sb. do sth指让某人做某事,强调一次性的动作;注意动词rate,这里是动词,而不是常用到的名词形式。including versions that had been altered to appear more and

less attractive中that引导定语从句,先行词是versions,对versions进行解释说明。

参考译文:

与其让人们简单地评价自己的美貌,不如让他们从一组照片中挑出自己的原作,包括那些为了越发具有吸引力而修改过的版本。

11. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.(英语二,2015年阅读T1)

重点词汇:

cortisol n. [生化] 皮质醇;

refuge n.避难;避难所;庇护

measure vt.测量;估量;权衡

句子结构分析:

此句为多重复合句。句子主干是Researchers measured people’s cortisol and found it higher。which引导定语从句,对cortisol进行解释说明。两个while引导的都是时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”。what单独成主语从句。

参考译文:

研究人员测量了人们在工作时和在家时的皮质醇,皮质醇是压力标志,他们发现在避难场所皮质醇含量更高。

12. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students,

but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close”an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.(英语二,2015年阅读T2)

重点词汇:

paradox n.悖论

recruit vt.补充;聘用;征募;

first-generation adj.出生在美国的

depressing adj.压抑的,使人沮丧的

forthcoming adj.即将来临的

句子结构分析:

句中in that表示因为,相当于because,引导原因状语从句,主语是recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail,动名词做主语,谓语动词means用第三人称单数形式, means后接由that引导的宾语从句,从句主语是higher education;based on social class是非谓语动词短语,修饰gap。according to表示“根据、按照”,在句中作状语。

参考译文:

根据一篇即将发表在《心理科学》杂志上压抑的论文开头,这在招收第一代学生时产生了“悖论”,但随后看到其中许多学生失败,这意味着高等教育“继续复制和扩大,而不是缩小”着基于社会阶层的成

就差距。

13. Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or -determined students away. (英语二,2016年阅读T1)

重点词汇:

benefit v.受益; 通过…获益

introductory adj.引导的,介绍的

brim n.充盈,满; 溢出; 注满

determined adj.坚定的; 毅然的

句子结构分析:

where引导定语从句,修饰college,可用in which替代。packed to the brim字面意思是“挤得满满当当”,即说明关于计算机科学的课程非常多。which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim这个句子。-determined 这里省略了less,完整形式应该是less-determined。

参考译文:

学生在上大学前学习一些关于编码的知识也会从中受益,在那里,计算机科学入门课程层出不穷,这会把经验不足或意志薄弱的学生吓跑。

14. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it

instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. .(英语二,2016年阅读T3)

重点词汇:

maximise vt.把…增加到最大限度;尽量增大(等于maximize)approach v. 接近,走近

instrumentally adv.工具性地

advance vt.使……前进;将……提前

句子结构分析:

Thinking of time是动名词做主语,谓语动词是means,means后引导一个宾语从句you approach it instrumentally,省略了引导词that。judging是非谓语动词,逻辑主语是you。in so far表示到某种程度。参考译文:

把时间看作一种可以最大化的资源,这意味着你要带着工具性的目的去接近它,判断任何给定的时刻,并且只在朝着某个目标前进的时候才花时间。

15. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college. Many students find themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. (英语二,2017年阅读T3)

重点词汇:

mandatory adj.强制的;托管的;命令的

curriculum n. 课程

await vt.等候,等待;期待

applications n. 应用;应用程序

switch vi.转换

句子结构分析:

Considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum是动名词短语做主语,谓语动词是leaves;that引导定语从句,补充解释说明academic possibilities。find oneself doing sth. 是固定搭配,发现某人做某事。listing与switching由but相连,前后形式保持一致。

参考译文:

由于基础高中必修课程使学生对大学广阔的学术前景缺乏理解的缘故,许多学生发现他们自己在申请大学时所选的专业与上大学后所选的专业并不相同,这种情况不足为奇。

16. The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing –Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all. (英语二,2018年阅读T3)重点词汇:

ambition n.野心,雄心;抱负,志向

purchase n.购买

upmarket adj.质优价高的;高级的

grocery n.食品杂货店

句子结构分析:

The power and ambition of表示单数形式,因此谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式is,如若改为The power and the ambition of就是指两类,表示复数,谓语动词也要用复数形式;破折号后面的句子是针对第一句话进行例证,这是英语中常见的一种解释方式。more than that to acquire中的that指代收购高档食品连锁店所花费的资金;to acquire 是非谓语动词,用不定式表示目的;which引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明WhatsApp messaging service。

参考译文:

数字经济巨人的力量和雄心壮志令人惊讶——亚马逊刚刚宣布以135亿美元收购高档食品连锁店Whole Foods,但两年前,Facebook为了收购WhatsApp消息服务付出了甚至更多的代价,且WhatsApp消息服务没有任何实体产品。

17. In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements. (英语二,2010年阅读T2)

重点词汇:

complaint n.抱怨;投诉

tangible adj.有形的;实际的;可触摸的,可感知的

inequity n.不公平,不公正

accompany v.陪伴,陪同

focus on 使聚焦于;对(某事或做某事)予以注意

social arrangements 社会安排

far more than 远远超过,多得多

most often 最经常;很多时候;通常来说

句子结构分析:

句中In my own research是状语,句子主干为complaints most often focused not on tangible inequities,其中complaints是主语,from women about their husbands是介宾短语限定complaints;focused是谓语动词;tangible inequities是宾语,其中such as是对tangible inequities的列举,这里主要列举了两种不公平现象,一种是having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his,另一种是doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements。

参考译文:

在我的研究项目中,通常来说女性对丈夫的抱怨不是由一些具体的不公平现象所导致,比如:她们为了陪伴丈夫而放弃了自己的事业机会;她们承担了过多家务活诸如打扫卫生、做饭、社交安排。

18. Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of

crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. (英语二,2010年阅读T4)

重点词汇:

regard v. 把…看作;与…有关

jury system 陪审团制度

concrete adj.具体的

democratic adj.民主的

minimal adj.最低的,最小限度的

qualification n.资格;限制

literacy n.读写能力

juror n.陪审员

randomly adv.随机地

on account of 由于;因为

defendant n.被告人

be entitled to 有权;有…的资格

trial v.审判

peers n.同龄人

verdict n. 结论;裁定

conscience n. 良知

letter of the law 法律条文

句子结构分析:

本句的主干部分是Many Americans regard the jury system,其中主语是Many Americans,谓语动词是regard,宾语是the jury system,后接介词短语as和谓语动词regard形成固定搭配regard… as。including引导的部分为宾语的同位语,具体说明陪审制度的内容。本句最大的难点在于同位语中的principles一词后有五个并列的从句,这五个从句均由that引导,都是principles的同位语从句,用以解释说明principles的内容。其中同位语从句1中还包含一个由who引导的定语从句修饰citizens。本句的难点在于五个并列的同位语从句使得句子的修饰成分过长。

参考译文:

美国人把陪审团制度(陪审制)看作是其民主价值观的具体体现,其具有以下原则:任何达到最低年龄和文化程度限制的公民都有资格参与审判;陪审员应该在社区代表中随机挑选;任何人不得由于种族、宗教、性别或民族原因被拒绝参与陪审团;被告人有权接受同龄人的审判;判决应该代表良知而不仅仅代表法律条文。

19. The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but

much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. (英语二,2011年阅读T2)

重点词汇:

whirlwind n.旋风;旋风般的快速行动

newsrooms n.新闻编辑部

distinctive adj.有特色的,与众不同的

句子结构分析:

本句主要包括两个分句,句子间由but连接。第一个分句的主语为The whirlwind,后接that 引导的定语从句swept through newsrooms,修饰先行词the whirlwind。主句的谓语是harmed ,宾语是everybody。第二个分句的主语为much of the damage,谓语为has been concentrated,后接范围状语in areas说明concentrated的范围,而where引导的定语从句则修饰先行词areas,具体说明是哪些领域。

参考译文:

席卷新闻编辑室的旋风给每个人都带来了伤害,但是损失在很大程度上集中在报纸上那些最没有特色的栏目。

20. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools. (英语二,2011年阅读T3)

重点词汇:

phrase n.短语;习语

popularize v.普及;使通俗化

architect n.建筑师

associate v.联系

Bauhaus 鲍豪斯建筑学派(德国建筑之一派)

school n.学派

emigrate v.移居

take up posts 任职

句子结构分析:

主句是The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German,主语是The phrase “less is more”,谓语是was actually first popularized,状语是by a German。the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe做同位语对a German做进一步的说明。who like other people associated with the Bauhaus中who指的的是Ludwig Mies van der Rohe,这个定语从句也是对建筑师的补充说明,associated with …做定语修饰other people,a school of design是Bauhaus的同位语。emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools也是对建筑师们的补充介绍,根据后文的schools 来看这里指的是鲍豪斯建筑学派的建筑师们,其中emigrated和took up并列。

参考译文:

实际上,“少即是多”的说法首先由一位名叫Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 的德国建筑师推广开来的,他和其他建筑大师一样来自鲍豪斯建筑学派—一种设计学派,他们在二战前移民到美国,并在美国各建筑学院任教。

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重点词汇:

meanwhile adv.同时

meaningful adj.有意义的

appropriate adj.合适的

assign v.分配;指派

review v.回顾,复习,检查

句子结构分析:

Meanwhile是副词,这里可以理解为两个句子:this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject和this policy does nothing to ensure that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct。第一个句子中,主语是this policy,谓语是does nothing to ensure……,

其中包含that 引导的宾语从句,做ensure的宾语。从句中主语是the homework,student receive是省略先行词的定语从句来修饰homework,系动词是is,表语是meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject。第二个语句中,主语是this policy,谓语是does nothing to ensure……,其中包含that 引导的宾语从句,做ensure的宾语。从句中主语是the teacher,系动词是are not,表语是assigning more than they are willing to review and correct。

参考译文:

同时,该政策没有确保学生做的家庭作业是否是有意义的,或者是否适合他们的年龄和所学学科,或者老师是否不过量布置作业。

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重点词汇:

economic historian 经济史学家

lengthy adj.漫长的,冗长的;啰唆的

economic stagnation 经济停滞,经济萧条

economic decline 经济衰退

reverse v.颠倒;倒转

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