英文合同常见实词
英文合同常见实词(Content Words)
1．Represent, warrant, undertake, guarantee
在英文合同中这几个词都表示“保证”的含义。Represent 往往和warrant连用，出现在合同的声明保证部分：
例如：Both the Seller and the Purchaser warrant and represent that no broker was involved in negotiating this purchase and sale, and both the Seller and the Purchaser agree to indemnify and hold each other harmless against any and all claims for brokerage. 买卖双方保证并声明没有中介介入交易磋商，且保证赔偿对方因中介引起的索赔并使其免受损害。
例如：Under FOB terms, the Seller shall undertake to load the contracted goods on board the vessel nominated by the Buyer on any date notified by the Buyer, within the time of shipment as stipulated in Clause 8 of this Contract.
根据离岸价格术语，卖方应保证根据在本合同第八条规定的时限内，按买方通知的日期，装运货物至买方指定船只。
例如：Party B guarantees that the machines and equipment are unused, sophisticated and of best quality, and that the machines and equipment are capable of manufacturing the steel wire rope.
乙方保证机器设备未经使用，性能良好、品质卓越而且该设备能生产出钢丝绳。2．Principal place of business (principal office), domicile, business premise, registered office
在英文合同中，这几个词的意思分别是：“主营业地”、“住所地”、“营业场所”、“注册地”。往往出现在前言的“parties”部分。
例如：This Contract made on April 1, 19- -, at ______, China, between ABC Co. with its principal office at ______, China (hereinafter called Party A), and XYZ Co. with its principal office at______, USA (hereinafter called Party B).
本合同于19**年4月1日于中国***签订，合同双方为ABC公司（以下简称甲方），其主营业地位于中国***，和XYZ公司（以下简称乙方），其主营业地为美国***。
例如：If franchisee is declared in default of the agreement, the franchiser has the right to conclude the terms of the agreement and also has the right, without notice to execute any dutiful and authorized acts, on the business premise necessary.
如被特许方承认违约，许可方则有权终止该协议且有权未经通知在必要的营业场所采取任何尽责和授权行为。
例如：EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT is made and entered into on ________ day of _________ (month), ____ (year), by and between: _______ (hereinafter referred to as the "Company"), a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of ____, with its registered office located at ________________, and ______ (hereinafter referred to as the "Employee"), an individual, with nationality of _________ (Passport No._____) residing at ________________.
本聘用协议订立于*年*月*日，协议双方为***（以下本公司），其按*州法律组织设立，注册地为***，和***，自然人，国籍为*国，护照号码为***，住址为***。
例如：The Arbitration shall be conducted in the country of the domicile of the defendant. 本仲裁应在被申请人住所地的国家进行。
3．Chapter, article, section, clause, paragraph, subparagraph
英文合同中的“章”、“条”、“款”、“项” 分别用chapter, article/section/clause, paragraph, subparagraph表示。
例如：The Borrower further irrevocably consents to service of process upon it out of said courts in any such action or proceeding by mailing copies thereof by United Stated registered air mail, postage prepaid, to the Borrower at the address specified in Section 10.
5 hereof.
借款人进一步不可撤消同意上述法院就该事宜诉讼或程序的送达，接受按照本合同第十条第五款指定的借款人地址寄来的美国航空挂号信，邮资已付邮件中的副本。
4．Have the right to do, be entitled to, may do, reserve the right to do, be (duly) authorized to do, have the authority to do, do sth at one’s option or/and discretion, be liberty to do
这一组短语是都表示“有权做”。Be entitled to表示to give sb. the right to sth.(to sth.)体现该权利法律上的强制性。Reserve the right to do表示to have a specified power of right in law 体现法律上规定的权利。而be authorized to do, have the authority to do指经授权而有的权利，至于do sth. at one’s option or/and discretion则指行为人自主决定的权利。
例如：The Buyer shall nevertheless have the right to cancel in part or in whole of the contract without prejudice to the Buyer's right to claim compensations.
尽管如此，买方有权撤消合同的全部或部分，概不妨碍买方索赔权之行使。
例如：In circumstance provided above in Clause 14.1 C or New Company shall, at its sole option and discretion, be entitled to transfer to B all or part of C or New Company's proprietary rights and ownership of the infrastructure project, under construction or after Completion Date, as liquidated damages, in lieu of computing and compensating the actual damages provided that such transfer shall be conducted of C's own free will or rendered in the arbitration award as stipulated in clause 23.
在上述第十四条第一款规定的情形下，丙方或新公司自行选择决断有权向乙方转让丙方或新公司的所有权及在建或竣工后基础设施的所有权的全部或部分作为约定的固定数额的违约金来替代计算赔偿实际损害，但该转让应为丙方自己自愿实施的行为或根据二十三条的规定基于仲裁裁决的处分。
又如：The Buyer shall establish the covering letter of credit before the date specified in Clause Three of this Sales Confirmation, failing which the Seller reserves the right to rescind without further notice, or to accept whole or any part of this Sales Confirmation not fulfilled by the Buyer, or to lodge a claim for losses sustained, if any.买方须于销售确认书第三条所规定的日期之前开出本批交易的信用证。否则，售方有权不经通知取消本确认书，或接受买方对本销售确认书未履行的全部或一部分，或对因此遭受的损失提出索赔。
再如：The supervision personnel appointed by Party A and its representative shall have the authority to supervise the progress of work and give instruction.
甲方任命的监管人员及其代表应有权监督工程进度并发出指令。
5．Perform, fulfill, execute, implement
英文合同表示合同履行时经常用到这几个词，perform表示to do what one party is obliged to do by a contract泛指双方履行合同的各项责任和义务，而fulfill表示to do everything which is promised in a contract强调合同一方具体履行合同的义务。Execute implement表示则强调具体实施，execute也有签约、生效的用法。
例如：With respect to the outstanding 180 M/T of low-density polyethylene NY2-11 under
Contract No. 79hp-106, we insist that you must open the covering letter of credit the soonest possible to secure the performance of the contract. We hereby would like to call your attention to the fact that the Adviser Inc., who purchased LDPE NY2-11 from us at the same time as you did have fulfilled their commitment under the previous Contract not long after we offered our regulated price and signed a new contract covering substantial quality.
有关第79hp-106号合同项下180公吨的低密度聚乙烯（NY2-11）未付款项，我方坚持要求贵方尽快开立信用证以保证合同的履行。我方在此提请贵方注意该事实，同时从我公司购买低密度聚乙烯（NY2-11）的Adviser公司已经按先前的合同履行完义务，不久后，我方就提供了调整的价格并签订了一份产品品质优良的新合同。
例如：Each of the parties to this Agreement shall use its reasonable best efforts to effect the transactions contemplated hereby and to fulfill and cause to be fulfilled the conditions to Closing under this Agreement including, without limitation, Parent using reasonable best efforts to obtain the Parent Stockholder Approval at the meeting of Parent's stockholders scheduled to be held on June 25, 1999 or at any adjournment or postponement thereof (the "June 25 Meeting"). Each party hereto, at the reasonable request of another party hereto, shall execute and deliver such other instruments and do and perform such other acts and things as may be necessary or desirable for effecting completely the consummation of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby.
合同任一方应竭尽全力来完成在此预期的交易并按本协议履行或促使交易的成交条件的履行。包括但不限于母公司尽力按日程在1999年6月25日召开的母公司股东会或该日期延后或休会期间通过母公司股东批准。本合同一方应在他方合理的要求下，应签署并交付其他文件并切实履行本协议和预期交易完全成就所必需或需要的行为和事宜。
例如：All disputes arising in connection with this contract or in the execution thereof, should be settled amicably through negotiations.
所有与合同或合同履行有关的争议，应通过友好协商解决。
例如：All expenses of keeping the books and records of the Company and the preparation of financial statements required to implement the provisions of this Agreement or otherwise needed for the conduct of the Company's business shall be borne by the Company.
所有履行本协议规定所要求的或其他本公司经营所需要的保存本公司账册记录和准备财务报表的费用由本公司承担。
6．Abide by, observe, obey, comply with
这几个词在英文合同中都表示“遵守，服从，”的意思。Comply with的主语通常是Sth.而observe和abide by则的主语通常是Sb.
例如：The delivered equipment shall be installed and tested by Party B and shall fully comply with the technical requirements and processing quality of the contract.
所交付的设备应由乙方安装调试，应完全符合本合同的技术要求和工艺质量。
例如：The Contractor shall observe and abide by all applicable laws, rules and regulations in connection with the Work.承包人必须遵守和服从与该工程有关的一切适用法律规章和条例。
7 have the legal obligation to do, be obliged/obligated to, shall do, be under the
obligation to do,be liable/responsible to do, be liable/responsible for,…
在英文合同中这一组短语都表达“有责任、有义务”。Shall do sth.在第二章英文合同特点时，已经述及，在此不再赘述。其他短语的用法，参看下例：
例1：The Company has no legal obligation, absolute or contingent, to any other Person to sell any material portion of the assets of the Company, to sell any material portion of the capital stock or other ownership interests of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or to effect any merger, consolidation or other reorganization of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or to enter into any agreement with respect thereto.
本公司没有完全或随附的任何法律义务向任何他人出售公司资产的任何重要部分，出售股本的任何重要部分或本公司或其任一子公司的其他所有权权益，或实现本公司或任一子公司的并购、合并或其他的重组或签订有关以上事项的协议。
例2：RCII is not under any legal obligation, whether written or oral, to do any of the foregoing. RCII公司没有任何书面或口头上的法律义务来做以上的任何一项。
例3：In the case of dangerous and/or poisonous cargo (es), the Seller is obliged/obligated
to take care to ensure that the nature and the generally adopted symbol shall be marked conspicuously on each package.在危险或有毒货物的情况下，卖方有义务照管确保其属性安全且应在每一包装上标注通常采用的标识。
Within the time as notified by the Buyer, after its arrival at the port of shipment the Seller shall be fully liable to the Buyer and responsible for all losses and expenses such as dead freight, demurrage.
在买方通知的时限内，抵达装运港后，卖方应对买方承担全部责任并对诸如空仓费、延滞费等所有损失和费用负责。
The Seller shall not be held liable for failure or delay in delivery of the entire lot or a portion of the goods under this Sales Contract in consequence of any Force Majeure incidents.
卖方对因任何不可抗力事件导致本买卖合同项下整批或部分货物未能交付或延误概不承担责任。
8. effect
在基础英语中，effect一般作名词，指效果、影响，英文合同中如：come into effect表示生效，sth. in effect表示生效的法律文件。除了这些基本用法外，effect还常用作动词表示“实现”、“完成”的意思。例如：
This contract shall come into effect on the date when it is signed by both parties.
本合同从双方签字之日起生效。
The Buyer shall accept the bill of exchange immediately upon the first presentation of the bill of exchange and the required documents and shall effect the payment on the maturity date of the bill of exchange.汇票一经承兑交单，买方应在汇票到期时完成支付。此外，当表达实际上，事实上的含义时，英文合同常用in effect, 而不是in fact. 9．Counterpart, copy, duplicate, original
在英文合同中，Counterpart, copy, duplicate, original 都用作表示合同一式几份。Counterpart, copy和duplicate指副本，而original指的是正本，而且duplicate就有双重双份的意思，也常见in duplicate的用法，与此类似的还有in triplicate（一式三份）, in quadruplicate（一式四份），in quintuplicate（一式五份），in sextuplicate （一式六份），in septuplicate（一式七份），in octuplicate （一式八份），in nonuplicate （一式九份），in decuplicate （一式十份）等等。
例如：This Agreement may be executed simultaneously in two or more counterparts. Each counterpart shall be deemed an original, and all of the counterparts together shall constitute but one and the same instrument.
本协议文本可同时签署两份或多份副本。每一副本应视为一份原件，所有副本一起应构成唯一同一文件。
10．Incur
英文合同中incur指“招致，引起”，相当于基础英语中的cause。通常以过去分词incurred 形式出现。
例如：In case her age exceeds 15 years, the extra average insurance premium thus incurred shall be borne by the Seller.
如果她的年龄超过15岁，则由买方承担因此产生的平均保险费以外的费用。
例如：No costs incurred in the manufacture, sale, distribution or exploitation of the articles shall be deducted from any royalty payable by Licensee.
产品的生产、销售、分销或开发引起的花费不得从被许可方的使用费中扣除。
11．To-wit
作为法律专用语，to-wit的意思为“即”，相当于基础英语中的“tha t is to say（i.e.）”。
例如：WITNESSETH: That for and in consideration of the sum of One Million Eleven Thousand One Hundred Fifty Dollars ($1,011,150.00) cash in hand paid by the party of the second part to the party of the first part and other good and
valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of all of which are hereby acknowledged, the said party of the first part does hereby bargain, sell, grant and convey, in fee simple, with general warranty of title, unto the party of the second part, the following, to-wit:
兹证明（通常省略不译）：兹以乙方支付甲方的一百零一万一千一百五十美元现金和其他为约因，特此确认充分并予接受，上述甲方由此交易、出售、转让***，对所有权向乙方作一般保证如下，即：
12．Sanction, approval, examination
英文合同表示审批、批准时，常常使用这几个词，sanction尤其专用于合同。
例如：The amendment of the contract or other appendices shall come into force only after a written agreement has been signed by Party A and Party B and approved by the original examination and approval authority.本合同的修改或其他附件当仅当甲乙双方签署完书面协议后并经原审批机关批准后方能生效。
例如：This sanction is lifted prospectively upon the filing of a proper registration.
妥当的登记申请才会提交审批。
此外，sanction在英文合同中也常作“制裁”解。
例如：If Licensee is joined in such proceeding, Licensor shall indemnify and
hold harmless Licensee from and against any claim, sanction, liability, damages, attorney's fees, judgments or orders of any kind arising out of such proceeding.
如果被许可方参加该诉讼，许可方则应保证赔偿许可方由该诉讼导致的任何索赔、制裁、债务、损害赔偿、律师费、判决或任何裁令并保证免除被许可方有关责任。
13．Do sth. in its entirety
英文合同中do sth. in its entirety相当于基础英语中的do sth. totally或do sth. as a whole，表示完全彻底地做某事。
例如：The Aggregate Revolving Commitment (and the Revolving Commitment of each
Bank) shall terminate in its entirety on April 15, 1998 unless the Closing Date shall have occurred on or prior to such date.联合周转协议（及各银行的周转协议）应在1998年4月15日完全终止，除非结算发生在当天或先于该日期。
14．encumbrance, mortgage, charge, pledge, security, lien, security
mortgage相当于我国法律的抵押；pledge相当于质押，lien相当于留置，security相当于担保，保证；
encumbrance: A liability or claim which burdens property, e.g., a lease, mortgage, easement, restrictive covenant, rentcharge…（Dictionary of Law, 6th edition, L.B.Curzon）指在财产上设定的债务或债权，如：租赁、抵押、地役、限制性契约，收租。试译为他物权。charge: …4. An encumbrance, e.g., on land, which secures payments for money…(Idem) 一种担保物权，如：土地上设定的用于付款的担保，保证。
例如：Seller warrants that the goods are now free, and that at the time of delivery shall be free from any security interest or other lien or encumbrance.
卖方保证货物现无约束，交付时应没有设定担保物权、其他留置权或债权。
例如：During the joint venture term of the Joint Venture Company, Without Party B’s written consent, Party A shall not create any option, right to acquire, mortgage, charge, pledge, lien, or any other form of security or encumbrance on, over, or affecting the whole or any part of its equity interest in the Joint Venture Company.
本合资公司合营期间，未经乙方书面同意，甲方不得对本合资公司所有或部分股权设定期权、购并权、抵押权、保证、抵押权、留置权、或其他任何形式的担保或债权，或因以上设定影响本合资公司的所有或部分股权。
15．Pertinent, relevant
这两个词都是作为形容词“有关的，相关的”含义，出现在英文合同中，pertinent似乎较relevant更为正式。
例如：All activities of the Cooperative venture company shall be governed by the laws, decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of the People's Republic of China.
合作经营企业的一切活动均应受中华人民共和国的法律、法令及有关规定和规章约制。
再如：In accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures and other relevant Chinese laws and regulations, ABC Company and XYZ Company, in accordance with the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through friendly consultations, agree to jointly set up a Cooperative venture in Beijing, the People's Republic of China.
根据中华人民共和国中外合作企业法及有关法律法规，ABC公司与XYZ公司，本着平等互利的原则，经过友好协商，同意共同在中华人民共和国北京设立合作企业。
16．Seek recourse to, resort to 在英文合同中都表示“求助于，诉诸于”的含义。
例如：The arbitration shall take place in Beijing and the decision of the Arbitration Commission shall be final and binding upon both parties; neither party shall seek recourse to a law court or other authorities to appeal for revision of the decision. Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party.
仲裁应在北京进行。仲裁委员会的裁定应为终局性，对双方均有约束力。任一方不得诉诸于法院或其他机构上诉寻求修正该裁定。仲裁费应由败诉方承担。
又如：The exercise of a remedy does not waive the right of either party to resort to arbitration or reference.任一方行使补救权利不放弃其诉诸仲裁或仲裁程序的权利。
从一些合同的英文译本中发现，这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替，从而影响到译文的质量。
实际上，这种公文语惯用副词为数并不多，而已构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由here、there、where等副词分别加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with等副词，构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如：
从此以后、今后：hereafter；
此后、以后：thereafter；
在其上：thereon,thereupon；
在其下：thereunder；
对于这个：hereto；
对于那个：whereto；
在上文：hereinabove，hereinbefore；
在下文：hereinafter，hereinbelow；
在上文中、在上一部分中：thereinbefore；
在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter．
现用两个实例，说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。
例1：本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。
This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.
例2：下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。
The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China.
英文合同结构与主要条款
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标准英文合同通常可以分为前言（Preamble）、正文（Habendum）、证明部分（Attestation）、附录（Schedule）四大部分组成。
1. 前言（Preamble）部分
前言部分主要有如下内容：
(1) 指明签约双（各）方
例1：
This JOINT VENTURE AGREEMENT ("AGREEMENT") is made as of June 3, 1998, by and between E*TRADE GROUP, INC., a Delaware corporation ("E*TRADE"), and SOFTBANK CORP., a Japanese corporation ("SOFTBANK"). E*TRADE and SOFTBANK are hereunder also referred to collectively as the "PARTIES" and individually as a "PARTY."
例2：
THIS DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPLY AGREEMENT (the "Agreement") is entered into and is effective as of June 30, 1995 (the "Effective Date"), by and between JetFax, Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of Delaware, U.S.A. with its principal place of business at 1376 Willow Road, Menlo Park, California 94025 ("JetFax"), and Samsung Electronics Corporation, a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the Republic of Korea, having its principal place of business at 20th Floor, Severance Building, 84-11, 5-Ka, Namdaemoon-Ro, Chung-Ku, Seoul, Korea ("Samsung").
(2) “鉴于（Whereas）”、“叙述（Recital）”或“背景（Background）”部分
该部分主要是介绍合同的相关情况，具体有如下内容：
a) 合同双（各）方的背景情况介绍，如各方所从事的行业：
例1：
AMD engages through its Communication Products Division ("CPD") in the design, development, manufacture and sale of telecommunication products for public
communications infrastructure systems, customer premise equipment and cordless telephony applications.
b) 合同目的
例1：
The Parties desire to form a joint venture to provide online securities trading services to residents of Japan on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein.
例2：
The parties intend to share revenues generated by the Health Category, as well as revenues generated by similar activities conducted by McKesson using the AvantGo software on behalf of McKesson's customers, but do not intend to share revenues arising from the operations of their respective core businesses.
c) 合同的背景情况
例1：
This Agreement is being executed and delivered simultaneously with the execution and delivery of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated December 13, 1999 (the "Merger Agreement") among Union Oil, the Company, Sub and Titan.
例2：
Pursuant to a Stockholders Agreement entered into simultaneously with the execution and delivery of this Agreement, Union Oil will have the right to nominate certain persons ("Designees") to serve on the board of directors of the Company following the Merger. Certain of the Designees may be directors of or employed by Union Oil or companies in which Union Oil has an interest, other than the Company and its subsidiaries.
(3) 明确指明合同双（各）方愿意签订本合同
例1：
NOW THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION OF the mutual promises and covenants set forth in this Agreement, the Parties agree as follows:
例2：
NOW THEREFORE, for valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties hereby agree as follows:
2. “正文（Habendum）”部分主要包含以下条款
(1) “定义（Definition）”条款
该条款是对合同中的某些词语的进行定义，确保各词语在合同中的含义统一，以免发生歧义。这些词语可分成两大类。第一类是英文合同中的常用词语，如附属机构（Affiliate）、财务报表（Financial Statements）等；第二类是本合同中使用的具有特定含义的词语。
(2) “陈述与保证（Representations and Warranties）”条款
该条款是合同双（各）方对某些基本事实的陈述并保证其陈述的真实性，其构成合同签订与生效的前提。主要内容有：
a) 合法注册、经营状况现状、相关资质（Organization, Standing and Qualification）
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要说明其注册地、注册所依据的法律，声明合法拥有其财产、经营状况良好、有权签订并履行本合同。
b) 注册资本（Capitalization）
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要说明其各自的注册资本金额、股权数量等情况。
c) 适当授权（Due Authorization）
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要声明其有权签订并履行本合同，本合同的签订对其具有约束力。
d) 重大债务（Liabilities）
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要声明除了其已经披露的之外，没有其他重大债务。
e) 财产状况（Status of Proprietary Assets）
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要说明其在本合同签订时的主要财产状况。
f) 财产权属状况（Title to Properties and Assets）
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要声明其财产所有权是完整的无瑕疵的。
g) 重大合同及其义务（Material Contracts and Obligations）
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要说明，在本合同签订时其尚未完全履行的重大合同及其项下的义务。
h) 诉讼与仲裁（Litigation and Arbitration）
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要说明在本合同签订时尚未审结的诉讼与仲裁案件。
i) 遵守法律与政府审批（Compliance with Laws; Governmental Consents）
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要声明其完全遵守各项适用法律并已得到政府的有关审批。
j) 履行其他约定义务（Compliance with Other Instruments and Agreements）
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要声明其完全履行其他各项约定义务。
k) 披露义务（Disclosure）
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要声明其已披露了所有与本合同相关或本合同要求披露的信息。
(3) “先决条件（Conditions precedent）”条款
该条款是有关合同双（各）方履行各自义务的前提条件的约定。
(4) “责任限制（Limited Liability or Limitation of Liability）”条款
该条款是合同双（各）方对其在本合同项下的责任上限进行的约定。
(5) “保密（Non-disclosure or No Publicity）”条款
根据该条款，合同双（各）方对本合同内容以及在本合同协商、签订、履行过程中所得知的其他各方的信息要承担保密义务。
(6) “合同终止（T ermination）”条款
该条款是合同双（各）方对本合同在何种情况下可以提前终止进行约定。
(7) “标题”（headings）条款
在该条款中，合同双（各）方约定合同中的各个小标题（一般以黑体字显示）是为了在合同中提及的方便，不构成对合同内容的解释、修改、补充。
(8) “合同有效期（Term）”条款
该条款是有关合同生效日期、方式以及有效期的条款。
(9) “权利放弃（Waiver）”条款
在该条款中，合同双（各）方声明任何一方如果没有行使其权利，并不意味着其放弃该权利。
(10) “合同变更（Amendment or Modification）”条款
在该条款中，合同双（各）方可以约定合同不得修改或者合同修改的方式。
(11) “转让（Assignment or Successors and Assignment）”条款
在该条款中，合同双（各）方可约定合同不可转让或者合同转让的程序，同时，还可以约定，如果合同转让，则合同对受让方有完全约束力。
(12) “通知（Notice）”条款
该条款是对合同双（各）方在履行合同过程中相互送达信息的方式以及视为送达的条件进行约定。一般来讲，要写明合同双（双）方的通信地址、传真号、联系电话、联络人以及送达成功的具体条件。
(13) “适用法律（Governing Law or Applicable Law）”条款Submission to Jurisdiction
该条款是有关合同解释、争议解决所适用法律的约定。
(14) “争议解决（Dispute Resolution）”条款
该条款是有关合同相关或与合同有关的争议解决方式的约定，可以选择诉讼，也可以选择仲裁。
(15) “条款效力独立（Severability or Survival of terms）”条款
根据该条款的约定，合同的任一条款如果无效，也不影响其他任何条款的效力。
(16) “没有其他业务关系”条款
在该条款中，合同双（各）方声明彼此之间除了合同关系之外没有其他任何法律关系。
(17) “不可抗力（Force Majeure）”条款
该条款是有关不可抗力构成要件及其具体情形，以及在发生不可抗力事件的情况下如果处理的约定。
(18) “所有协议（Entire Agreement）”条款Integration
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要声明本合同构成双（各）方就合同主题事宜达成的最终的、唯一的协议，除非明确指明，在此之前的所有约定，无论是口头的，还是书面的，均无效力。
(19) “传真签订生效（Execution by Fax）”条款
合同双（各）方可以在该条款中约定，双（各）方可通过传真方式签订合同并使其生效。
(20) “语言（Language）”条款
该条款是有关合同适用语言的约定。
(21) “合同文本（Counterparts）”条款
该条款是对合同的份数以及各份合同的效力进行约定。
(22) “歧义（Ambiguities）”条款
在该条款中，合同双（各）方要约定主合同与其附件之间、主合同与其补充协议之间、主合同各语言文本之间如果发生意思歧义如何处理。
(23) “币种（Currency）”条款
该条款是对合同项下的货币种类进行约定。
3. 证明部分（ATTESTATION）
例1：
BEFORE ME, a Notary Public in and for said County, personally appeared Timothy J. Gunter and Daniel L. Webb, known to me to be the person(s) who, as Secretary and Assistant Secretary, respectively, of INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS INTERNATIONAL, INC., the corporation which executed the foregoing instrument in its capacity as Landlord, signed the same, and acknowledged to me that they did so sign said instrument in the name and upon behalf of said corporation as officers of said corporation, that the same is their free act and deed as such officers, respectively, and they were duly authorized thereunto by its board of
directors; and that the seal affixed to said instrument is the corporate seal of said corporation.
IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have hereunto subscribed my name, and affixed my official seal, this 15th day of March, 1999.
4. 附录部分（Schedule）
中英文合同范本
销售合同 SALES CONTRACT 编号：Contract No: 日期: Date: 签约地点：Signed at: 卖方：Sellers: 地址：Address: 邮政编码：Postal Code: 电话：Tel:传真：Fax: 买方：Buyers: 地址：Address: 邮政编码：Postal Code: 电话：Tel:传真：Fax: 兹确认售予买方下列货品，其成交条款如下： The Seller hereby confirms selling the following goods on terms and conditions (3)公差：数量及总值均有_____%的增减,由卖方决定 Tolerance: With _____% more or less both in amount and quantity allowed at the sellers option. (4) 原产地
Country of Origin: (5) 付款方式：30%预付，70%发货前一周付清 Payment terms: 30% deposit, 70% payment within one week before delivery. (6) 交货时间：收到预付款后15天内完成装运。 Time of shipment: Within15 days after deposit received. (7) 贸易方式：FOB Shanghai Terms of Shipment: FOB Shanghai (8) 包装：胶合板木盘外封铁皮 Packing：Plywood drum with steel sheet cover. (9) 保险：由卖方按发票全额110%投保至_____为止的_____险。 Insurance：To be effected by seller for 110% of full invoice value covering _____ up to _____ only. (10) 装运口岸：中国上海港 Port of Loading: Shanghai Port, China (11) 转运：允许 Transshipment: Allowed (12) 分批装运：允许分批装运 Partial Shipment: Allowed (13) 目的口岸： Port of Destination: (14) 唛头：Shipping Marks： (15) 单据：Documents： (16) 品质与数量、重量的异义与索赔：Quality/Quantity Discrepancy and Claim： (17) 逾期发运：如果由于买方原因造成逾期发运，买方承担责任。造成自签订合同之日起超过45天不能发运的，卖方将每日按货物金额的3%收取保管费；如果由于买方原因造成逾期发运超过6个月，卖方有权自行处置定金和货物。如果是卖方原因造成的逾期
常见的合同通用条款中英文对照
常见的合同通用条款 GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT DATED日期 CONTRACT NAME合同名称 by and between合同双方 PARTY A NAME PARTY A甲方名称 and与 PARTY B NAME PARTY B乙方名称 TABLE OF CONTENT PRELIMINARY STATEMENT前言 1. DEFINITIONS定义 2. [OPERATIVE CLAUSES] 具体操作条款 3. CONDITIONS PRECEDENT如有必要，根据交易具体情况设定相应先决条件 4. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES 陈述和担保［保证］ 5. TERM合同期限 6. TERMINATION合同终止 7. CONFIDENTIALITY保密义务
8. BREACH OF CONTRACT违约 9. FORCE MAJEURE不可抗力 10. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES争议的解决 11. APPLICABLE LAW 适用法律 12. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS其他规定 THIS CONTRACT(“Contract”)is made in [city and province], China on this day of ,200 by and between [Party A name],[Party A entity form] established and existing under the laws of China, with its legal address at [address] (hereinafter referred to as “Party A”), and [Party B name], [Party B entity form] organized and existing under the laws of [Party Bjurisdiction of incoporation] with its legal address at [address] (hereinafter referred to as “Party B”). Party A and Party B shall hereinafter be referred to individually as a “Party ” and collectively as the “Parties”. 本合同于年月日由以下两方在［地点］签订： ［甲方名称］，一家根据中华人民共和国法律组建及存续的［甲方组织形式］，法定地址为［甲方法定地址］（以下简称“甲方”）： ［乙方名称］，一家根据［乙方所在国］法律组建及存续的［乙方组织形式］，法定地址为［乙方法定地址］（以下简称“乙方”）。 甲乙双方以下单独称为“一方”，合称为“双方”。 PRELIMINARY STATEMENT 前言 [add background information if appropriate]［视交易具体情况决定是否应介绍合同背景］ After friendly consultations conducted in accordance with the principles of equality and mutual benefit, the Parties have agreed to [describe subject matter of the Contract] in accordance with Applicable laws and the provisions of this Contract. 双方本着平等互利的原则，经友好协商，依照［相关法律名称］以及其他有关法律，同意按
英文合同合同常用词
英文合同合同常用词 第一节合同常用词(Usual Wording)(1) 当大量接触英文合同，就会发现英文合同中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高，往往影响或决定了对 合同的准确理解，下面就分门别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍： 一、英文合同常用虚词（Usual Function Words） 1．Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词 基本规则：Here 代表this，there 代表that，where 代表which 或what 即here/there/where+介词=介词 +this/that/which or what Hereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此，由此，兹等意。 例句：The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the undermentioned goods
subject to the following conditions:买方向卖方订购下列商品，条件如下： Herein：in this。此中，于此。 例句：The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A. 在此规定的最低特许权 使用费应由乙方付给甲方。 Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下，在下文。通常与to be referred to as, referred as, called 连 用。 例句：This Agreement is made and concluded on ______, (date)____(year), by and between _____(hereinafter called Party A) on the one hand and _____(hereinafter called Party B) on the other hand. 本协议书于____年___月___日由_____（以下简称甲方）为一方，与_____(以下简称乙方)为另一方 签订。
常见英文合同翻译与详解
常见英文合同翻译与详解
引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。 合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。 一.hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹 用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。 语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 例1： The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and co mpletion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other s um as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manne r prescribed by the Contract. 参考译文: 业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。 注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此 (2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同 (3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工 (4)therein: in the Works在本工程中 (5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价 (6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which (7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照 (8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款 例2： We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correc t and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provi de documentary proof upon your request. 注释： （1）hereby：特此 （2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知 （3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明 （4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中 （5）documentary proof：证明文件 参考译文： 特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，
英文合同格式
XIAOLING TRADE CO.,LTD NO.11 ZHONGSHAN STREET XIAMEN FUJIAN CHINA SALES CONFIRMATION Dear Sirs, [打印预览][保存][退出]
销货合同(Sales Confirmation) 国际货物买卖合同一般金额大，内容繁杂，有效期长，因此许多国家的法律要求采用书面形式。书面合同主要有两种形式，即正式合同（CONTRACT）和合同确认书（CONFIRMATION），虽然其繁简不同，但具有同等法律效力，对买卖双方均有约束力。大宗商品或成交额较大的交易，多采用正式合同；而金额不大，批数较多的小土特产品或轻工产品，或者已订立代理、包销等长期协议的交易多采用合同确认书（亦称简式合同）。 无论采哪种形式，合同抬头应醒目注明SALES CONTRACT或SALES CONFIRMATION（对销售合同或确认书而言）等字样。一般来说出口合同的格式都是由我方（出口公司）事先印制好的，因此有时在SALES CONFIRMATION之前加上出口公司名称或是公司的标志等（我外贸公司进口时也习惯由我方印制进口合同）。交易成立后，寄交买方签署（countersign），作为交易成立的书面凭据。 在SimTrade中，买卖双方都可以起草合同，填写时只需将名称、地址等内容作相应变化既可。如合同由买方起草时，上方空白栏则填入进口商公司名称及地址，以此类推。 报表上方两行空白栏 为出口商公司抬头，须分别填写出口商的英文名称及地址。 如：GRAND WESTERN FOODS CORP. Room2501, Jiafa Mansion, Beijing West road, Nanjing 210005, P. R. China Messrs 详细填列交易对象（即进口商）的名称及地址。 在SimTrade中，进口商的详细资料请在“淘金网”的公司库里查询。 如：Dynasty Furniture Manufacturing Ltd. 3344-54th Avenue S. E. Calgary, Alberta T2C OAS Canada No. 销货合同编号，由卖方自行编设，以便存储归档管理之用。 在SimTrade中，该编号已由卖方在起草合同时填入，单据中不能再更改。 Date 填写销货合同制作日期。 如：2005年2月18日，可以有以下几种日期格式填法： 1. 2005-02-18或02-18-2005 2. 2005/02/18或02/18/2005 3. 050218（信用证电文上的日期格式） 4. February 18, 2005或Feb 18, 2005 Product No. 填写货号，销货合同上应记明各种货物编号，以求联系沟通方便。 在SimTrade中，货号必须选择“淘金网”的“产品展示”里已有的商品编号。 Description
英文合同常见词汇及句型
英文合同常用词汇和句型 1、开场白（合同的当事人背景介绍） 2、过渡条款 Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenants described herein-after, Party A and Party B agree as follows: 参考译文：因此，双方基于各自提供之对价订立本合同，并做如下约定： 注释和说明:”in consideration of premises and covenants”表示“在当事人提供的对价基础上”而非仅指“考虑到…”。读者应重点理解“premise”这个词。在一般场合下它是指与房屋相关的基础不动产或处所，但是在英文合同里边它却变成了“前提条件”。 3、结尾条款： IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by duly authorized representatives of both parties on the date and year first written above. 参考译文：本合同由被正当授权之人，于本协议于上述记载之日期代表双方当事人订立，特此证明。 注释和说明： （1）“in witness whereof”的含义类似于中文合同中常见的“口说无凭，立此为证”。 （2）“execute”在英文合同中常解为“签署”，而非“执行”。 4、favor, “in favor of somebody”= ”in one’s favor”的意思主要有两种： 以某人为受益人、有利于某人 5、subject to sth. 1) 遵从、遵守： This letter of Credit is subject to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1983 Revision), international Chamber of commerce, Publication No.400. 2) 根据（法律、法规、合同） 3) 作动词用，意思是“服从于…”，“率属于…”，“使经受…” 4) 办理、存在。 5、Without prejudice to “在不损坏……”。 6、Any person who does... shall …表示任何做某人之人应。 7、For the purpose of “就……而言”。 8、Provided that 但是 9、Notwithstanding “即使，表示一种让步”。 10、in question “表示该” 11、including but not limited to “包括但不限于” 12、常理解为“有权利做某事” 1）have the right to do 2）be entitled to do 3）do sth. at one’s option or/ and discretion 4）have the authority to do 13、合同英语中“因为”的表达方法 1）owing to 2）attributable to 3）due to 4）in view of 5）by virtue of 14、notify sb. Of sth. in writing: 书面通知某人某事 15、in lieu of: 替代 16、关联企业： 1）affiliate: 广义上的具有法人人格的子公司，只要有参股关系即可，常翻译为“关联公司”
英文合同翻译常见词注解(下)
英文合同翻译常见词注解（下） 十九in question 释义: under consideration; being talked about, 这, 该 用法: 表示强调，常常表示“在考虑中的或在议论中的”某一事或某个问题，比如表示“该事项”，可说“the matters in question”。 例1 Party A agrees to acquire from Party B and Party B agrees to transfer to Party A the Patented Technology for Contract Products. The Patented Technology in question shall be the same technology as the technology of Party B’s latest products. 注释： （1）the Patented Technology：专利技术 （2）Contract Products：合同产品 （3）the Patented Technology in question：这种技术 （4）the same…as：和……一样 （5）the technology of latest products：最新产品的技术 参考译文： 甲方同意从乙方获得，乙方同意向甲方转让合同产品的专利技术。这种技术应与乙方最新产品的技术完全一致。 例2 The arbitration shall be take place in Stockholm, Sweden, and shall be conducted by the arbitration tribunal of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce in accordance with the statutes of the tribunal in question. 注释： （1）arbitration：仲裁 （2）the arbitration tribunal of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce：斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院 （3）the statutes of the tribunal in question：该院的章程 参考译文： 仲裁将在瑞典斯德哥尔摩进行，由斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院根据该院的章程进行仲裁。 例3 Where the import and export of goods, articles such as cultural relics, wildlife animals and plants and the products thereof are prohibited or restricted by other laws or administrative regulations, the provisions of the laws and regulations in question shall be observed. 注释： （1）cultural relics：文物
英文合同常用词
英文合同常用词、短语和句型 1.订立、变更合同 动词 Make a contract / Enter into / form / create / conclude / execute /covenant 名词 the making of / the conclusion of a contract / the entry into contract / the formation of / the creation of / the conclusion of / the execution of a contract / covenant This agreement/contract is made and entered into 8th of August, 2008 by and between Party A and Party B. 2.合同的终止、解除、撤销 terminate a contract 通常指合同在约定期满前终止履行，可双方同意而作出，也指一方因另一方违约而行使的一种救济权。美国“终止”指合同各方未违反合同约定而依法终止合同。 cancel a contact 因另一方违约而解除合同，其效力基本等同于terminate，不同是撤销方仍有权对整个合同或中未履行部分主张救济。 discharge a contract 合同当事人的合同关系已终止。 rescind a contract 免除当事人之间的合同义务，将当事人各自地位恢复到合同订立之前状态。 revoke a contract 即以取消或撤回的方式废止或宣布无效。出于行为人的意愿，即主动发出的行为。
英文合同常用词汇
英文合同常用词汇 第一节合同常用词(Usual Wording)(1) 当大量接触英文合同，就会发现英文合同中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高，往往影响或决定了对 合同的准确理解，下面就分门别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍： 一、英文合同常用虚词（Usual Function Words） 1．Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词 基本规则：Here 代表this，there 代表that，where 代表which 或what 即here/there/where+介词=介词 +this/that/which or what Hereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此，由此，兹等意。 例句：The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the undermentioned goods subject to the following conditions:买方向卖方订购下列商品，条件如下： Herein：in this。此中，于此。 例句：The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A. 在此规定的最低特许权 使用费应由乙方付给甲方。 Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下，在下文。通常与to be referred to as, referred as, called 连 用。 例句：This Agreement is made and concluded on ______, (date)____(year), by and between _____(hereinafter called Party A) on the one hand and _____(hereinafter called Party B) on the other hand. 本协议书于____年___月___日由_____（以下简称甲方）为一方，与_____(以下简称乙方)为另一方 签订。 Hereof：of this。关于此点，在本文件中。 Hereunder：under this. 本文件规定。 例句：Both parties agree to attempt to resolve all disputes between the parties with respect to the application or interpretation of any term hereof of transaction hereunder, through amicable negotiation.合
英文合同翻译汇总(超实用的句子和专业名词)
英文合同翻译汇总【是栓哥呕心沥血之作吗？】来源：卢瑞的日志 一.hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹 用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。 语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 例1： The Employ er hereby cov enants to pay the Contractor in conside ration of the execution and completio n of the Works and the remedy ing of defects therein the C ontract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the prov isions of the C ont ract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the C ontract. 参考译文: 业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。 注释: (1)he reby: by reason of this 特此 (2)cov enant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同 (3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工 (4)therein: in the Wo rks在本工程中 (5)the C ontract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价 (6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, w hich (7)under: in accordance w ith 根据,按照 (8)the prov isions of the C ontract: terms and conditio ns of the C ontract合同条款 例2： We hereby certify to the best of our know ledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all av ailable information and data hav e been supplied herein, and that w e agree to prov ide documentary proof upon y our request. 注释： （1）hereby：特此 （2）to the best of our know ledge：as far as w e know据我们所知 （3）foregoing statement：abov e-mentioned statement上述声明 （4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中 （5）documentary proof：证明文件 参考译文： 特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。 例3： This C ontract is hereby made and concluded by and betw een C o. (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and C o. (hereinaft er referred to as Party B) on (Date), in (Place), C hina, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amic able consultation. 注释： （1）hereby：特此 （2）hereinafter referred to as Party A：以下称甲方 （3）on the principle of equality and mutual benefit：在平等互利基础上 （4）through amicable consultation：通过友好协商 参考译文：
英文合同翻译常见词注解(中)
英文合同翻译常见词注解（中） 十——?notwithstanding 释义：in spite of (prep.) 尽管；nevertheless (adv.) 仍然 用法：法律文件常用词，比although正式。 语法：作介词用时，放在要引导的让步状语前 例1： Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 91 of these Regulations, when a bus in ess establishme nt in charge of con solidated tax fili ng fails to compute the taxable in come of differe nt bus in ess establishme nts appropriately on a separate basis, the local tax authorities may make reas on able apporti onment of the taxable in come among these bus in ess establishme nts, un der their respective proporti on of bus in ess in come, costs and expe nses, assets, the nu mber of staff and workers, or the amount of wages. 注释： (1)Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 91 of these Regulations 虽有本细则第九^一条的规定
英文合同范本
买方 The Buyer: 地址 Address Tel: Fax: 卖方 The Seller: 地址： Address Tel: Fax: 本合同由买卖双方订立，根据本合同规定的条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售下述商品：This Contract is made by and between the Buyers and Sellers, whereby the Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: (1) 货名及规格 Commodity & Specification (2) 数量 Qty. (3) 单价 Unit Price (4) 总价Total Amount (5) 原产公司：COUNTRY OF ORIGIN : (6) 装运期限：TIME OF SHIPMENT: (7) 装运口岸：PORT OF SHIPMENT： (8) 到货目的地：DESTINATION： (9) 保险： INSURANCE： 由卖方按合同金额110％投保一切险和战争险 All Risks and War Risk for 110% contract value to be covered by the Seller. (10) 运输方式：TERM OF SHIPMENT: 空运 By air (11) 包装：PACKING：
须用坚固的新木箱包装，适合长途空运/陆运，防湿、防潮、防震、防锈、耐粗暴搬运。由于包装不良所发生的损失，由于采用不充分或不妥善的防护措施而造成的任何锈损、破损，卖方应负担由此而产生的一切费用和损失。包装箱内应包含一整套服务操作手册。卖方使用的木质包装应经薰蒸处理，并在木质包装表面标上清晰的IPPC标识。 To be packed in new strong wooden case(s) suitable for long distance air/land transportation and well protected from dampness, moisture, shock, rust and rough handling. The Sellers shall be liable for any damage to the goods on account of improper packing and for any rust damage and break damage attributable to inadequate or improper protective measures taken by the Sellers, and in such case or cases any and all losses and / or expenses incurred in consequence thereof shall be borne by the Sellers. One full set of service and operation manuals concerned shall be enclosed in the case(s). The wood packaging the Seller used shall be fumigated and marked with “IPPC” on the surface of wood packaging. (12) 唛头：SHIPPING MARK: 卖方应在每件包装上，用不褪色油墨清楚地标刷件号、尺码、毛重、净重、“此端向上”、“小心轻放”、“切勿受潮”等字样，并刷有下列唛头: On the surface of each package, the package number, measurements, gross weight, net weight, the lifting positions, such cautions as “THIS SIDE UP”, “HANDLE WITH CARE”,“KEEP AWAY FROM MOISTURE” and the following shipping mark: (13) 付款条件：TERMS OF PAYMENT： 100%的合同金额通过电汇支付。100% contract value by T/T. 买方在合同生效后两周内支付合同金额的100%货款 The Buyer shall pay 100% advance payment to the Seller within two week after contract effected. (14) 单据：Documents, 1. 正本空运单（收货人联），标明“运费已付”及唛头，买方为收货人及通知方。 Original Airway Bill (copy for Consignee) marked “freight prepaid” and shipping mark, consign to and notify the Buyer. 2. 涵盖100%合同金额的商业发票三正三副，注明合同号、唛头。
合同翻译(一)
合同翻译（一） 英文合同翻译的用词特点：合同英语的用词极其考究，具有特定性。要求选词专业化（professional）、正式（formal）、准确（accurate）。具体体现在下列方面： 1．使用情态动词： 在合同中使用may，shall，must，may not (或shall not) 时要极其谨慎。 权利义务的约定部分构成了合同的主体，这几个词如选用不当，可能会引起纠纷。 may旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什么），shall 约定当事人的义务（应当做什么时候），must用于强制性义务（必须做什么），may not (或shall not)用于禁止性义务（不得做什么）。
may do不能说成can do，shall do不能说成should do或ought to do，may not do，在美国一些法律文件里可以用shall not，但绝不能用can not do或must not。 例如，在约定解决争议的途径时，可以说： The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly negotiations. Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be referred to the People’s Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs.
合同范本大全英文
编号：_____________合同范本大全英文 甲方：________________________________________________ 乙方：___________________________ 签订日期：_______年______月______日
采购合同范本英文【1】 contract 日期：合同号码： date：contract no.： 买方：（the buyers）卖方：（the sellers） 兹经买卖双方同意按照以下条款由买方购进，卖方售出以下商品： this contract is made by and between the buyers and the sellers;whereby the buyers agree to buy and the sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned goods subject to the terms and conditions as stipulated hereinafter： （1）商品名称： name of commodity： （2）数量： quantity： （3）单价： unit price： （4）总值： total value： （5）包装： packing： （6）生产国别： country of origin ：
（7）支付条款： terms of payment： （8）保险： insurance： （9）装运期限： time of shipment： （10）起运港： port of lading： （11）目的港： port of destination： （12）索赔：在货到目的口岸45天内如发现货物品质，规格和数量与合同不符，除属保险公司或船方责任外，买方有权凭中国商检出具的检验证书或有关文件向卖方索赔换货或赔款。 claims： within 45 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination,should the quality,specifications or quantity be found not in conformity with the stipulations of the contract except those claims for which the insurance company or the owners of the vessel are liable.the buyers shall,have the right on the strength of the inspection certificate issued by the *****and the relative documents to claim for compensation to the sellers. （13）不可抗力：由于人力不可抗力的原由，发生在制造、装载或运输的