2020届中考英语易错易丢分专题 17 阅读理解(含解析)

2020届中考英语易错易丢分专题

丢分题详解

(2019?北京卷)

Blue Lightning

Sally loved cars more than anything else. This spring she thought of building a

go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race. So she asked her dad for help.

“Well,” he said. “How about this: you do some research first and then come

back to me with a design.”

A week later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. She named her go-kart “Blue Lightning”. Dad looked over her work, thinking. “Well, that’s interesting,” he said. “Have a try. Just build Blue Lightning as you’ve designed.”

Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.

After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad. “Well,” she said.“Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive.”

“Oh, do you?” he said. “Please share.”

“When I drove fast, there was a lot of pushback,” she said. “I think it’s because of the lightning bolt (闪电) shape.”

“Very good!” Dad said.

“So, why didn’t you tell me about that problem in the first place?” Sally asked.

Dad laughed. “Where’s the fun in that? If you give a man a fish, he’ll eat for a day. But if you teach a man to fish, he’ll eat for a lifetime.”

Sally said, “I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun!”

Dad smiled. “Good. Sometimes, learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way.”

That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder. When she showed Dad her new go-kart, he nodded with

pride.

Finally came the race. Sally wasn’t worried about whether she would win—in her mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before.

24. Sally thought of building a go-kart to .

A. practice driving

B. enter for a race

C. play with friends

D. do some research

25. What did Sally’s dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart?

A. To have a test drive.

B. To take a good rest.

C. To give it a cool name.

D. To paint it light blue.

26. Sally’s story mainly tells us that .

A. winning a race is important

B. fishing brings us a lot of fun

C. driving experience is necessary

D. learning happens during the process

【文章大意】萨莉参加了一个微型赛车制作比赛，在这个过程中，爸爸并没有直接帮助她，而是鼓励她在过程中学习，从失败中学习。在准备比赛的过程萨莉学到了很多，最后她能坦然地面对比赛了。

24. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race.”可知，Sally 想制作微型赛车是为了参加比赛。故选B。

25. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章中的“Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into

a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive.”可知，做好这个微型赛车后，她爸爸让她做一次试驾。故选A。

26. D【解析】主旨大意题。通过萨利的这个故事，作者告诉我们从错误中学习，在过程中学习。故选D。

丢分探因

不少同学表示：我单词、短语背了那么多，平时做了那么多阅读题，长难句也试着攻克了，为什么还是对一些题目无从下手、选不出正确答案呢？（可以说是十分委屈了！）

现将阅读理解分为9种题型，分别来教同学们如何完美锁定正确答案、拿满分！

一、例证题

1. 例证题的标志。当题干中出现example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify等词语时，同学们就要

立刻开启做＂例证题＂的模式啦！

2. 回归文章，找出该例证所在的位置，即给该例子定位。

3. 搜索该例证周围的区域，找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。

4. 找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。

5. 例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事，即把例子中的某一内容写出来误导你，让你去选。

二、指代题

1. 回归原文，找出问题中的指代词。

2. 在指代词附近搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子。（先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般

答案不会离得太远）

3. 将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。

4. 将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。

三、词汇题

1. 首先还是要回归原文，找出该词汇出现在哪里。

2. 通过句子，确定该词汇的词性。

3. 从上下文（词汇的前后几句）中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词（如一下子找不到就再往上往下找），

代入所给词汇在文章中的位置（将之替换）看语义是否合适。

4. 找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，这就是答案！

注意：

（1）如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思很大可能不是正确答案。

（2）英语阅读理解主要是考查同学们是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。

（3）词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。

（4）寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点（比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义）、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。

四、句子理解题

1. 回归原文找到原句。

2. 对原句进行语法和词义的精确分析（找主干），应该重点抓原句的字面含义。若该句的字面含义不能确定，

则依据上下文进行判断。

3. 一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同，只不过用其他英语词汇换种表达而已。

4. 句子理解题的错误选项干扰项特征：推得太远，做题时应把握住推的度。

五、推断题

1. 推断题的标志：learn, infer, imply, inform等。

2. 看是否可以通过题干回归原文或依据选项回归原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。推理题无

论通过题干能不能定位，我们都要把它固定到文章的一两点上。

3. 依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。先不要进行推理，若有一个选项跟原文的意思一模一样，则该选

项必然是正确答案。推理题不是考查同学们天马行空的想象力，它其实是考查同学们是否读透阅读文章里的某几个点所涉及的问题。

4. 推理题的最近答案原则：不推的要比推的好，推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出的要比间接推的好（原

文的某句话变个说法），把原文读懂才是做对推断题的关键！

六、主旨题

＂串线摘帽＂，即在自然段少的时候串串线，串线法解不出来时，大帽子、小帽子摘一下。

1. 主旨题的标志：mainly about, mainly discuss, the best title等。

2. 串线法：抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词，

特别要注意中心句。（主要针对自然段少的文章，针对自然段多的文章，主旨题最好联系中心句，找一个和中心句最贴近的。）

3. 很多时候，老师都会跟同学们说，首段往往就是中心主旨所在的地方。然而考君还是要提醒各位同学，

小心首段陷阱！

4. 主旨题错误选项的干扰特征是：

（1）局部信息，即选项的内容小于文章的内容；

（2）范围过宽，即选项的内容大于文章的内容。

5. 逆向思维法：在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项

来写文章会有那些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。

七、作者态度题

1. 作者态度题的标志：attitude

2. 应精确理解四个选项的含义，不要掺杂自己的观点。

3. 可以寻找文中一些具有感情色彩的词。例如：fortunately, excessively等。

4. 举例的方式。（是从正面举例，还是反面举例）

5. 抓论述的主线。把第一段读透，把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出来，看整个文章的结构。

6. 做作者态度题时同学们应该特别注意，要清楚是谁对谁的态度。

八、判断题

1. 看能否通过四个选项具体化到原文中一点或者根据自然段原则定位。

2. 每个选项都应回归原文，不能凭主观印象进行判断。

3. 要重点抓是＂三错一对＂还是＂三对一错＂的关系。（做题时要看清题目的要求，选择＂正确项＂，还是＂

错误项＂。）

九、细节题

细节题不用多说了，最重要的就是回归原文，在文章中找出题干所在位置，得出答案。

十、重点注意事项

1. 正确答案的特征

（1）正确答案经常与中心思想有关。

（2）正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。

（3）正确答案经常运用的原则是：同义替换、正话反说、反话正说。

（4）正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性。

（5）从语气角度来看，正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。例如：can, may, might,

possible, not necessarily等。

2. 错误答案的特征

第一大层次：

（1）无中生有（未提及的概念）；

（2）正反混淆（选项的意思跟原文的意思正好相反）；

（3）所答非所问（虽然选项的说法没有问题，符合原文，但和题干搭不上边）。

第二大层次：

（1）过分绝对；

（2）扩大范围（注意隐蔽型的扩大范围mostly）；

（3）因果倒置；

（4）常识判断；如果一个选项仅仅符合常识，不一定是正确答案，还要看文章中类似的意思有没有出现；如果一个选项不符合常识，一定不是正答案。

（5）推得过远；

（6）偏离中心；

（7）变换词性。

查漏补缺

一、解题步骤

根据近几年阅读理解题的命题特点和趋势，我们可以将阅读理解的解题步骤分为三步：

1. 通读全文，掌握大意。

要了解出题人的意图，抓住文章的主题句，就要在文首或文尾选择好做题的切入口，弄清文章中的人物、时间、地点、事件、原因、经过等要点，即扫读文章，掌握文章大意。当然，由于文章的难度不同，考生面对较高难度的题时，应克服急躁心理，稳定自己的情绪，再读一遍或两遍，直到明确文章的大意。

2. 根据试题，重点再读。

第一步仅是让大家对文章大意有一个大概的印象，是用来应付那些需要根据文章内容来作出主观判断的综合性题目的。但是在阅读理解题中还有一些是直观性的题目，在文章中可以找到原句作为答案，对于

这种题目，考生应结合题目对照文章所提供的信息，从而选出最佳答案。

3. 推理判断，确定答案。

有些题一时难以从文中直接找出答案，这时就需要进行分析、推理或归纳，但决不能离开文章而乱猜臆断，还有些试题会涉及我们的日常生活或其他学科知识，这时我们要注意推理的科学性和合理性，再结合文章判断答题。

二、技巧点拨

1. 要注意养成良好的阅读心理，阅读时要去除杂念，心绪要安定，精神要专一，要形成一种惬意的顺向心理。切不可一遇到几个生词难句，就心烦意乱，失去自控能力。心理学家告诉我们，任何恐慌、过分紧张的情绪都会形成一种消极因素妨碍大脑的正常思维功能。因此，遇到困难一定要从容不迫、心无旁骛。这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰、理解深刻。

2. 要提高读的速度，阅读理解，从另一个方面来说，考的是速度。因此做阅读理解题时，要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文语境和构词法去猜测、去推断。

3. 对文章的评价分析，一定要坚持＂词不离句，句不离篇＂，要理解作者的原意，而不能按自己的意愿去想当然。切记：一想当然，就会出错。

（1）审视标题，抓住中心。

试题中有的文章有标题，有的没有，拟题人是有所考虑的。标题是文章主题的高度凝聚。它能给我们启发和想象，了解文章的内容和走向。这样做有利于理解文章、提高做题的效率。

（2）浏览全文，掌握全貌。

如果时间紧，至少要快速通读全文，尤其是前两段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来，这样全文的梗概便一目了然了。

（3）细读题目，抓住要点。

对整篇短文的内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。另外还要注意试题的难易，应先绕开较难的题目，先做最有把握、最熟悉的题目，也就是可以直接或间接从文章中找到答案的。对于那些要进行归纳判断、逻辑推理的题目，需要再对全文快速阅读，仔细分析思考，反复比较、推敲后

选出正确答案。若文章短可先读短文，后看文后题目；如果文章太长，你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍，带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你阅读时更有针对性，提高阅读的速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句，特别要注意文章第一段和最后一段的首句，往往就是关键句，可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主题。此外，还应该细读文章，因为有时的试题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做标记，把有关的画出来。凡逢人物就圈起来，看完一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。

（4）细读文章，掌握细节。

这次应细品，不可一晃而过。可边读边用铅笔把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因（即五个W：who，what，when，where，why）画出来。经过这样的处理，你对文章的内容和细节便会胸有成竹，对事态的发生、发展有了更加深入的了解。

（5）理解大意，初选答案。

一般短文都设有五个题目，对那些表层理解的题目可以断然选定。对那些深层理解的题目，应再查阅原文，但决不是简单重读，应找出依据，把所有选项代入文中，再确定正误。在确定答案时，对文章和题中的词语应结合上下文思考其确切意思，切忌望文生义，作出错误的判断。

（6）复读全文，核对答案。

要用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在的联系和逻辑关系，并依次审核那些未获解答的题，对照题目，推测判断，确保理解无误。

（7）瞻前顾后，首尾突破

对一具体问题不要局限于一词一事，而应从短文整体考虑，从主线向外扩展，打开思路，前后上下对照。这样，可减少＂钻牛角尖＂和＂繁琐分析＂。而且，在中考试题中，即使是事实和细节题，也是＂围绕或用以说明主旨和大意＂的。大多数短文，尤其是新闻报道或议论文的第一段，或每段的第一句，常包含了全文的主要信息或基本观点；而结尾部分常是结局或结论。寓言或幽默文字的结尾也往往是点晴之笔或值得玩味之处。因此，抓住首尾就往往抓住了主要矛盾，主要矛盾解决了，次要矛盾也就迎刃而解了。中考题演练

（2019 ?山东聊城中考）

Part-time(兼职的) jobs for students

Babysitter(临时保姆)needed Rose Hotel part-time work

We need a babysitter to look after our two boys aged 5 and 7 after school from 4: 30 p.m. to 6:

30p.m., Monday to Friday.

$100 a week.

Call Vicky at 6783-4521.

We are looking for part-time workers to work in our hotel on Saturdays.

Come in (8 a.m. to 6 p.m.) or call Mina at:

6123-8745(after 6 p.m.).

Holiday job

Do you want to make some money this summer? Can you speak another language? We need French, Spanish or German speakers to work in the City Museum shop from Tuesday to Saturday.

Send your CV(简历) to citymuscum@shopjob. lkj.

Newspaper delivery(递送)

We need young people to deliver newspapers on Monday, Wednesday and Friday mornings. The newspaper delivery takes 30 minutes in the village of Clanbrook. You must deliver the newspapers before 7: 30 a.m. and you must have your own bike.

Interested? Ask for more information at Clanbrook post office.

44. How much can a babysitter get for an hour?

A. 5 dollars.

B. 7dollars.

C. 10 dollars.

D. 12 dollars.

45. If Joy wants to get the job in Rose Hotel, she can call Mina at __________.

A. 8 a.m.

B. 10 a.m.

C. 5 p.m.

D. 7 p.m.

46. What can we know about the holiday job?

A. It doesn’t require any CV.

B. It doesn’t provide any pay.

C. If you have got it, you needn’t work on Monday.

D. If you want to get it, you must speak three languages.

47. If Harry takes the newspaper delivery job, he must __________.

A. work three mornings a week

B. use the bike of the post office

C. finish the work before 7:00 am

D. be interested in the newspapers

48. The four pieces of information above may be found in the part of in a newspaper.

A. News.

B. Ad(广告).

C. Sports.

D. Recreation(娱乐).

【文章大意】这是有关招聘学生做兼职工作的四则广告信息：包括招聘临时保姆、玫瑰酒店兼职、假期工以及报纸递送。有具体的工作时间以及联系方式等。

44. C【解析】数字计算题。根据表格Babysitter(临时保姆)needed栏中的信息＂from 4: 30pm to 6: 30pm,

Monday to Friday. $100 a week.＂可知，临时保姆工作时间是周一到周五的下午四点半到六点半，每周工作10个小时，价格是每周100美元，因此每个小时10美元，答案为C。

45. D【解析】细节理解题。根据表格Rose Hotel part-time work栏中的信息＂Come in (8 a.m. to 6 p.m.) or call

Mina at: 6123-8745(after 6 p.m.).＂可知，打进电话要在傍晚6点之后，故答案选D。

46. C【解析】细节理解题。根据表格Holiday job栏中的信息＂Send your CV(简历)to citymuscum@shopjob.

lkj.＂可知，这份工作需要一份简历，A选项错误；根据＂Do you want to make some money this

summer?＂可知，这份工作是提供报酬的，B选项错误；根据＂We need French, Spanish or German speakers to work in the City Museum shop from Tuesday to Saturday.＂可知，工作时间是周二到周六，C 选项正确；根据＂Can you speak another language?＂可知，应聘者只要还会说法语、西班牙语或德语中的一种即可，D选项错误。故答案选C。

47. A【解析】细节理解题。根据表格Newspaper delivery(递送)栏中的信息＂We need young people to deliver

newspapers on Monday, Wednesday and Friday mornings.＂我们需要年轻人在周一、周三和周五早晨送报纸。如果哈里接受送报纸的工作，他必须每周工作三个早晨。故答案选A。

48. B【解析】推理判断题。根据标题＂Part-time(兼职的)jobs for students＂可知，这是面向学生招聘兼职工

作的广告。因此这四则信息可能会出现在报纸上的广告栏目，故答案为B。

B（2019 ?湖北咸宁中考）

In ancient times, there was a king who loved flowers. His palace was always decorated with beautiful orchids(兰花) and other flowers. As the king grew older, he knew that one day he would have to give up his throne(王位). So he had to find someone to rule the country.

The other day, the king had an idea. He asked his servants to travel to every part of the country and give every citizen a single orchid seed(种子). He then announced that the person who grew the most beautiful orchid would take his throne.

Everyone in the country then got their own seed. One young man named David was especially excited about the news, because he had experience in growing flowers himself. David planted his seed in a pot and put it in a place where it would get lots of sunlight. He watched it carefully every day. But as hard as he tried, his flower simply would not grow. Finally, it was time for everyone to give their flowers to the king. David took his empty potto the palace. ＂Your Majesty(尊敬的陛下), I am sorry to say that I could not grow an orchid. But I hope you can see that I tried my best,＂he said. The king was moved by David’s honesty. Although he did not choose David as the new king, he gave David a job as a royal court judge(法官). He b elieved that David’s honesty would make

him the right person to make sure the justice(公正) in the country.

1. According to the king’s order, who could be the next king?

A. The man who was the smartest.

B. The man who was the most honest,

C. The man who could plant the best seed.

D. The man who could grow the most beautiful orchid.

2. What do we know about David?

A. He told a joke to the king.

B. He failed to grow the king’s orchid.

C. He was good at growing orchids.

D. He was chosen to be the next king.

3. What does the underlined word ＂it＂refers to in Paragraph 4?

A. The pot.

B. His flower.

C. The seed.

D. The sunlight.

4. What can we learn from the story?

A. David was the only winner in the end.

B. It is stupid of the king to choose David as a judge.

C. It is impolite of David to give an empty pot to the palace.

D. The king believed honesty was very important for a judge.

5. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A. Honesty Is the Best Policy

B. How to Grow Orchids

C. Flowers Are the Best Gifts

D. It’s Very Easy to Grow Orchids

【文章大意】本文介绍了古代有一个喜欢花的国王。并且宣布能种植出最美丽兰花的人将继承王位。大卫是一位年轻人，但无论怎么努力，都没有种植出兰花，带着空花瓶去了宫殿。国王被大卫的诚实所感动。虽然他没有选择大卫作为新国王，但他给了大卫一份皇家法院法官的工作，他相信大卫的诚实会使他成为正直的人，以确保国家的正义。

1. D【解析】细节理解题。根据He then announced that the person who grew the most beautiful orchid would take

his throne. 然后他宣布种植最美丽兰花的人将继承王位。可知，按照国王的命令，能种出最美丽兰花的人可以成为下一个国王。故选D。

2. B【解析】细节理解题。根据But as hard as he tried, his flower simply would not grow. 但尽管他努力，他的

花还是长不出来。可知，他没有种出国王的兰花。故选B。

3. C【解析】推理判断题。句子He watched it carefully every day.的意思是：他每天都仔细观察。根据上文的

句子David planted his seed in a pot and put it in a place where it would get lots of sunlight. 大卫把种子种

在盆里，放在阳光充足的地方。可知，句子中的it是指上文中的the seed，即：国王给的兰花种子。

故选C。

4. D【解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是：我们能从这个故事中学到什么？根据he gave David a job as a royal

court judge(法官).He believed that David’s honesty w ould make him the right person to make sure the justice(公正)in the country. 他给了大卫一份皇家法院法官的工作，他相信大卫的诚实会使他成为一个正直的人，以确保国家的公正。可以推出，国王认为诚实对法官来说非常重要。故选D。

5. A【解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是：以下哪一个是文章的最佳标题？A. Honesty Is the Best Policy诚实

是最好的为人之道。B. How to Grow Orchids如何种植兰花。C. Flowers Are the Best Gifts花是最好的礼物。D. It’s Very Easy to Grow Orchids兰花很容易种植。根据短文的内容The king was moved by David’s honesty. Although he did not choose David as the new king, he gave David a job as a royal court judge(法官).

He believed that David’s honesty would make him the right person to make sure the justice(公正)in the country. 可知，大卫是一个非常诚实的人，国王才选择他做皇家法院法官的。因此最好的标题应该选择Honesty is the Best Policy诚实是最好的为人之道。故选A。

C. (2019 ?江西中考）

Everyone faces challenges in their life, but some are more important than others. Daniel Kish had serious problems with his eyes when he was born. And doctors took away both of his eyes before he was fourteen months old.

Soon after, however, he started to do an amazing thing. He started to make clicking(咔塔) sounds with his tongue (舌头) to help him move around. Much like a bat(蝙幅), he now moves about using sonar(声呐). He is so good at it that he can ride a bicycle in traffic. He and his group, World Access for the Blind, teach others how to use sonar. In this interview with National Geographic, Kish explains how the process works.

How does sonar work?

＂When I make a clicking sound, it makes sound waves. These waves reflect(反射) off surfaces all around and return to my ears. My brain then processes the sounds into images(图像). It’s like having a conversation with the environment

When you click, what do you see in your mind?

"Each click is like a camera flash. I make a 3D image of the things around me for hundreds of feet in every direction.＂

What is it like riding a bike using sonar?

＂It’s exciting and enjoyable but requires a lot of focus. I click up to two times per second,, much more than I

usually do.＂

Is it dangerous to move around the world in this way?

"Much of the world lives in fear of things that we mostly imagine. I have a habit of climbing anything and everything, but I never broke a bone(骨头) as a kid.＂

How challenging is it to teach people to use sonar?

＂Many students are surprised how quickly results come. Seeing isn’t in the eyes, it’s in the mind.＂

1. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?

A. Kish explains how sonar works.

B. Kish teaches people how to use sonar.

C. Kish started to move around using sonar.

D. Kish is good at riding a bicycle in traffic.

2. How does sonar work? Choose the right order.

a. The sound waves reflect off surfaces.

b. The person makes a clicking sound.

c. The brain makes images with the sounds.

d. The sound waves reach the persons ears.

A. b-a-c-d

B. b-d-a-c

C. a-b-d-c

D. b-a-d-c

3. What can we know about Kish from the passage?

A. He always challenges himself bravely.

B. He lives in fear of things that he imagines.

C. He became blind when he was 14 years old.

D. He broke his bone when climbing as a child.

4. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. How Sonar Works.

B. Riding a Bike Using Sonar.

C. Seeing with the Mind.

D. How the Blind Move Around.

【文章大意】文章介绍了Daniel Kish因为严重的眼睛疾病，医生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，他解释了这个过程是怎么工作的，舌头发出的声音反射回到耳朵，然后大脑加工成图像，就像和环境对话，不是用眼睛看，而是用大脑看。

1. C【解析】段落大意题。根据He started to make clicking(咔塔) sounds with his tongue舌头) to help him move

around. Much like a bat(蝙幅), he now moves about using sonar(声呐). 不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，可知这一段主要讲诉Kish开始用声呐走动；故选C。2. D【解析】顺序排列题。根据I make a clicking sound, it makes sound waves. hese waves reflect(反射) off

surfaces all around and return to my ears. My brain then processes the sounds into images(图像).可知声呐工作的顺序是发出咔嗒声，声音从表面反射回来，到达人的耳朵，大脑把声音制成图像；故选D。

3. A【解析】细节理解题。根据Much of the world lives in fear of things that we mostly imagine I have a habit of

climbing anything and everything, but I never broke a bone (骨头) as a kid.他没有生活在想象的恐惧中，也没伤到骨头，根据And doctors took away both of his eyes before he was fourteen months old.可知是14个月，不是14岁；根据文章内容，可知他总是勇敢地挑战自己；故选A。

4. C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章介绍了Daniel Kish因为严重的眼睛疾病，医生摘除了他的眼球，不久

后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，他解释了这个过程是怎么工作的，舌头发出的声音反射回到耳朵，然后大脑大脑加工成图像，就像和环境对话，不是用眼睛看，而是用大脑看。可知这段的最好题目是＂用大脑看＂；故选C。

模拟题检测

A.（2019·山东潍坊新华中学一模）

Rahanna Bisseret Martinez is a 13-year-old chef(厨师) from Cambridge, UN. Early this year, she took part in "Top Chef Junior", a cooking competition show for 12 chefs, ages 11 to 14, from all over England. Rahanna finished second in the competition. Here is an interview with her.

Reporter: How did you get into cooking?

Rahanna: My earliest memories are of being in the kitchen and cooking. But I started working on recipes (食谱) at

10 years old.

Reporter: What is your favourite recipe?

Rahanna: I like to cook everything. I really like to cook whatever I haven't cooked before.

Reporter: _______

Rahanna: I'm better about making sure I have my ingredients (原料) in order. I' m able to work a lot faster in the kitchen.

Reporter: How did you get on the show?

Rahanna: I went to London for a boot camp (集训营). There were 20 to 25 children, and we all had little challenges (挑战) that we had to do, showing our skills. They whittled the group down each day and the top 12 got to go on the show.

Reporter: What's next for you?

Rahanna: I'll be looking for a part-time job in a restaurant kitchen. I'm also working on a book. It'll be more than just a cookbook, there'll be surprises too!

4．What can we learn about "Top Chef Junior"?

A．14 kids took part. B．Rahanna won first place.

C．It took place in Cambridge, UN. D．It is a national cooking competition.

5．Which question can be put in _______

A．Who cooks best in your family? B．What did you learn from being on the show?

C．Are you satisfied with what you did on the show? D．Any advice for kids who are interested in cooking? 6．What does the interview mainly talk about?

A．The introductions of the chef Rahanna about cooking.

B．How he finished second in the cooking competition.

C．What he will do after the competition.

D．How he got on the show.

7．Rahanna plans to_________.

A．open her own restaurant B．go to more competitions

C．look for more part-time jobs D．make her cookbook special

【文章大意】来自美国加利福尼亚州的13岁的Rahanna参加了“Top Chef Junior”的厨艺比赛，获得第二名。文章是记者对她的采访。

4．D细节理解题。根据Early this year, she took part in "Top Chef Junior", a cooking competition show for 12 chefs, ages 11 to 14, from all over England. 今年早些时候，她参加了一个由12位厨师参加的烹饪比赛，来自英国各地，年龄从11岁到14岁。可知，故选D。

5．B细节理解题。根据. They whittled the group down each day and the top 12 got to go on the show.哪个问题可以问可知，在节目中学到了什么？故选B。

6．A理解概括题。根据How did you get into cooking? What is your favourite recipe?How did you get on the show?

What's next for you?可知，访主要讨论了拉哈娜厨师对烹饪的介绍。故选A。

7．D细节理解题。I'll be looking for a part-time job in a restaurant kitchen. I'm also working on a book. It'll be more than just a cookbook, there'll be surprises too! 我要找一份餐馆厨房的兼职工作。我也在写一本书。这不仅仅是一本食谱，还有惊喜！可知，故选D。

B（2019·山东济南中考模拟）

Once a week, Neil went grocery shopping. He always made a list, but he always forgot to put one or more things on the list. This used to anger him, but now he just accepted it. You’re not as sharp as you used to be, he told himself.

It was Friday-shopping day. He went to the $99 Store. Sometimes they had a lot of fresh produce, sometimes they didn’t. He got lucky. There were fresh packaged broccoli, carrots, onions, and squash. Also, packages of peaches, plums, and apples. He easily had enough produce to last all week, if it didn’t go bad first. The fruit and vegetables alone filled up four plastic bags. Four other bags contained other items that were on Neil’s list.

He drove to Albertson’s, which sold milk by the gallon (加仑) and at cheaper prices than the $99 Store. Interestingly, the price of milk had got higher in the last month. He used to buy 2 gallons of nonfat milk for $3.59. Now he was paying $4.69. Yet, the news media reports a 2-cent increase in gasoline (汽油) prices. That’s all over the news.

He parked his car in the carport and opened the trunk. He managed, as usual, to put all 10 plastic bags into his hands and take them upstairs.

“What a heavy shopping it is,” he thought. And then he told himself: if you think it’s too heavy now, wait till y ou can’t drive. Wait till you can’t even walk up the stairs. How are you going to get your food then? The older you get, he told himself, the more you’d better thank the fact that you can still do all these boring chores and housework. 46．Neil always made _______ before he went shopping.

A．a list B．a plastic bag C．a car D．a report

47．Neil didn’t buy _____ at the $99 Store.

A．broccoli B．peaches C．apples D．milk

48．How much did one gallon of nonfat milk cost that day?

A．$3.59. B．$4.69. C．About $2.35. D．About $1.80.

49．How many bags of things did Neil buy?

A．Ten. B．Nine. C．Eight. D．Four.

50．What can we learn from Neil?

A．We should thank what we can still do.

B．We should eat enough fruit and vegetables.

C．We all will get old one day.

D．Buying cheap things can make us happy.

【文章大意】尼尔去杂货店购物之前总是列一个清单，但总是忘了把一件或多件东西放在清单上。一个星期五他去了价值99美元的商店，那天在那里他买了很多新鲜的蔬菜，还有一包桃子、李子和苹果。他开车去了另一家超市买了牛奶。他告诉自己，你年纪越大，你就越应该感谢这样一个事实：你仍然可以做所有这些无聊的家务。

46. A细节理解题。根据He always made a list, but he always forgot to put one or more things on the list. 可知，

他总是列一个清单，但总是忘了把一件或多件东西放在清单上。故选A。

47．D细节理解题。由句子There were fresh packaged broccoli, carrots, onions, and squash. Also, packages of peaches, plums, and apples. 有新鲜包装的花椰菜、胡萝卜、洋葱和南瓜。还有一包桃子、李子和苹果。

可知，尼尔没有在99美元的商店买牛奶。故选D。

48．C细节理解题。根据He used to buy 2 gallons of nonfat milk for $3.59. Now he was paying $4.69. 他过去花

3.59美元买了2加仑脱脂牛奶。现在他付了

4.69美元。可知，那天一加仑脱脂牛奶大约值2.35美元。

故选C。

49．A细节理解题。根据He managed, as usual, to put all 10 plastic bags into his hands and take them upstairs. 他像往常一样，把10个塑料袋都放在手里，然后带到楼上。可知，尼尔买了10袋东西。故选A。50．A细节理解题。根据The older you get, he told himself, the more you’d better thank the fact that you can still do all these boring chores and housework. 他告诉自己，你年纪越大，你就越应该感谢这样一个事实：你仍然可以做所有这些无聊的家务和家务。可知，我们应该感谢我们能做的。故选A。

C.（2019河南南阳市内乡县一模）

Colorful festive lanterns have been lit up at Yu Garden. The event attracts millions of visitors each Chinese New Year and will last till February 22.

Thirty-nine installations come alive at 5:30 p. m. every evening. The major draw is a 9-meter-tall pig dressed like the god of wealth to mark the Year of the Pig. Other lanterns involve the city’s unique shikumen architecture, typical dishes and folk culture. A series of lanterns promotes Shanghai brands. The 24 solar terms are displayed on some of the lanterns.

“It is the only event in Shanghai that makes me feel authentic Chinese elements and flavor (因素和味道),” said Thiery Sauvage from France who has lived by the garden for seven years.

The annual celebrations, which have been held for 24 years, have become the city’s top attraction for t ourists during Spring Festival. The month-long celebration attracts about 6 million visitors every year.

To ensure order and safety, the gates of the garden and the Zigzag Bridge will be closed when the number of visitors touches the 30,000 mark. Surveillance cameras have been installed (安装) at the eight entrances.

Entry to the Yu Garden commercial complex will be 50 yuan(US$7.46) for adults and 30 yuan for children between February 15 and 18. On February 19, Lantern Festival, the fee will be 80 yuan for adults and 50 yuan for children.

31. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “authentic” in Paragraph 3?

A. “地道的”

B. “时尚的”

C. “新颖的”

D. “繁杂的”

32. How long has the Yu Garden Lantem Festival been held?

A. For 5 years.

B. For 22 years.

C. For 24 years.

D. For 30 years.

33. How many entrances are there in Yu Garden according to the passage?

A. 1.

B. 3.

C. 5.

D. 8.

34. How much is the fee for two adults and a child on February 16?

A. 80 yuan.

B. 130 yuan.

C. 180 yuan.

D. 210 yuan.

35. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. There are many colorful festive lanterns at Yu Garden.

B. The Yu Garden Lantern Festival is held during each Chinese New Year.

C. The major draw this year is a pig which is 9 meters tall.

D. All the lanterns in the garden are used for promoting Shanghai brands.

【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要介绍豫园的灯笼展以及安保措施和票价。

31. A【解析】词义猜测题。根据“It is the only event in Shanghai that makes me feel authentic Chinese elements

and flavor (因素和味道),” said Thiery Sauvage from France who has lived by the garden for seven years可知，索瓦热在这里住了七年，这是唯一能让他感到真正的中国因素和味道的事件，表示真正的、地道的，故选A。

32. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据The annual celebrations, which have been held for 24 years, have become the

city’s top attraction for tourists during Spring Festival可知，已经举办24年了，故选C。

33. D【解析】细节理解题。根据Surveillance cameras have been installed (安装) at the eight entrances可知，有

8个入口。故选D。

34. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据Entry to the Yu Garden commercial complex will be 50 yuan(US$7.46) for adults

and 30 yuan for children between February 15 and 18可知，两个成年人和一个小孩要花费130元，故选B。

35. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据Colorful festive lanterns have been lit up at Yu Garden可知，在豫园里有许

多五彩缤纷的灯笼，排除A；根据The annual celebrations, which have been held for 24 years, have become the city’s top attraction for tourists during Spring Festival可知，豫园灯笼节在春节举行，排除B；根据The major draw is a 9-meter-tall pig dressed like the god of wealth to mark the Year of the Pig最吸引人的是一头9米高的猪，装扮成财神的样子来纪念猪年，排除C。根据A series of lanterns promotes Shanghai brands 以及全文可知，没有提及所有的灯笼都用于提高上海品牌，故选D。