英语语法专项1:定语从句

英语语法专项1:定语从句
英语语法专项1:定语从句

英语语法专项1:定语从句

【定语从句综述】定语从句在句中作定语,修饰名词或代词。被修饰的名词或者代词被称为先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词,它们在先行词和定语从句之间起引导作用,在意义上代替先行词,在定语从句中充当一个成分。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

一、定语从句中关系词的选用

1.找出先行词,关系词的选择主要依据先行词在从句中所作的成分,先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时,选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose);先行词在从句中作状语时,应选择关系副词(where,when,why)。2.who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是想见你的那个人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/that I am waiting for.

他就是我正在等待的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

which,that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

He failed in the exam,which made his father angry.

他考试不及格,这使他父亲很生气。

3.关系副词when,where,why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。具体用法如下:when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语;

where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语;why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。

The reason why I don’t trust him is that he oft en tells lies.

我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。

【小叮咛】先行词是时间名词或地点名词时,如果在从句中不作状语,则不能用when或where引导定语从句,而要用which/that。

I still remember the day which/that we spent together in the city.

我仍然记得我们一起在那座城市度过的那一天。(这里which/that指代the day 作spent的宾语)。

二、关系代词的用法

关系代词有who,whom,which,that和whose,另外,as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。

1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One.在踢足球的孩子们是一班的。

2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,常可省略。

Mr. Liu is the person(whom)you talked about just now.刘老师就是你刚才提到的那个人。

3.which 指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。

The book which he gave me is very interesting.你给我的那本书非常有趣。4.that 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。

She is the pop star(that)I want to see very much.她就是我非常相见的那个明星。

5.whose可指人或物,修饰名词或代词,在定语从句中充当定语。“whose +名词”可改为“the+名词+of which/whom”或“of which/whom the+名词”。The house whose windows are very large is my uncle's.窗子很大的那所房子是我叔叔家。

= The house of which the windows are very large is my uncle's.

= The house the windows of which are very large is my uncle’s.

6.as可指人也可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

(1)引导限制性定语从句,先行词前常有as,the same,so,such修饰,且在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时,关系代词要用as。

It was so difficult a problem as nobody in my class could work out.(作work out 的宾语)

【小叮咛】

①so/such...that结构中,that引导结果状语从句,只起连接作用,不充当从句的任何成分。

It was so difficult a problem that nobody in my class could work it out.

(work out 已经有宾语,that只起连接作用)

②This is the same village where we spent our childhood.(先行词作从句中的地点状语,故要用关系副词where;as仅在句子缺少关系代词时使用。)(2)as可以引导非限制性定语从句,代指整个主句的内容,从句中常用的谓语动词为see,say,hear,expect,know,report等,常译为“正如,正像”,

其引导的从句可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。

As we all know,Taiwan belongs to China.众所周知,台湾是中国的一部分。Avatar is a very successful film,as is known to us all.

我们大家都知道,《阿旺塔》是一部非常成功的电影。

三、关系副词的用法

关系副词有when,where和why,在定语从句中充当状语。

1.when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词time,day,week,year,month等。常用on which,in which,at which,during which 等代替。

I still remember the day when(on which)we first met.

2.where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词。可以用“介词+关系代词”代替。

The house where(in which)he lives is near the river.

3.why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。可用for which来替代。why 不可引导非限制性定语从句。

Tell me the reason why(for which)you came late.

【小叮咛】用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。

四、that 与which的用法区别。两者都可指物,常可互换。其区别主要在于:

1. 引导非限制性定语从句时,通常要用which:

She received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise. 她收到了

老板的邀请,这是她意想不到的。

2. 直接放在介词后作宾语时,通常要用which:

The tool with which he is working is called a hammer. 他干活用的那个工具叫做锤子。

3. 当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等时,通常用that:

There was little that the enemy could do but surrender. 敌人无法,只有投降了。All [Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必须做。

4. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时,通常用that:

This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。

Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。

5. 当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时,通常用that:

This is the best dictionary that I've ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。

6. 当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时,通常用that:

China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。

7. 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时,通常用that:

They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。

8. 当要避免重复时:

Which is the course that we are to take? 我们选哪门课程?

五、that与who的用法区别:

1. 两者均可指人,有时可互换:

All that /who heard him were delighted. 所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴。Have you met anybody that /who has been to Paris? 你遇见过到过巴黎的人吗?

He is the only one among us that /who knows Russian.他是我们中间唯一懂俄语的人。

2. 但是在下列情况,通常要用that:

1) 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时:

I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad.

我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告。

2)当先行词是who时(为避免重复):

Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯? 3)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略):

Tom is not the boy (that) he was. 汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个样子了。

六、who与whom的用法区别:

1. 两者均只用于人,从理论上说,who 为主格,whom为宾格。

Where's the girl who sells the tickets? 卖票的女孩在哪里?

The author whom you criticized in your view has written a letter in reply.

你在评论中批评的那个作者已写了一封回信。

【小叮咛】但实际上,除非在正式文体中,宾格关系代词whom 往往省略

不用,或用who或that代之,例如:

The man (that, who, whom) you met just now is called Jim. 你刚遇见的那个人叫吉姆。

2. 在以下几种情况值得注意:

1) 直接跟在介词后面作宾语时,只能用whom,而且不能省略:

She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. 她带了3个朋友来,我以前都没见过。

2) 引导非限制性定语从句且作宾语时,who 和whom均可用,但以用whom 为佳,此时也不能省略:

This is Jack, who /whom you haven't met before. 这是杰克,你以前没见过。

七、as与which的用法区别

1. 引导限制性定语从句时,在such, as, the same后只能用as,其他情况用which:

I never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲那样的故事。

It's the same story as I heard yesterday. 这故事跟我昨天听到的一样。

This is the photo which shows my house. 这张照片拍的是我的住宅。

2. 引导非限制性定语从句时,有时两者可互换:

I live a long way from work, as / which]you know. 我住得离工作单位很远,这你是知道的。

3. 在以下情况引导非限制性定语从句时,两者不可换用:

1)as引导的非限制性定语从句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有时还可插入主句中,而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同

的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容,而不是主句中的某一个词,例如:

As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 月球每月绕地球转一周,这是每个人都清楚的。

The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames.

这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as)

2)as 引导的非限制性定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致,which无此限制:

He went abroad, as [which] was expected. 他出国了,这是大家预料到的。He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出国了,这让大家感到很意外。(不用as)

3)as 引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词通常不能是主句中某个具体的词,而应是整个句子、整个短语或某个短语推断出来的概念,而which则无此限制:

4)当as 引导非限制性定语从句作主语时,其谓语通常应是连系动词,而不宜是其他动词,而which则无此限制:

She has married again, as [which] seemed natural. 她又结婚了,这似乎很自常。

She has married again, which delighted us. 她又结婚了,这使我们很高兴。(不用as)

八、关系代词必须用that的情况

1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,

few,much等不定代词修饰时。

We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做对人们有用的事情。All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。

2.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last等词修饰时。

This is the last place that I want to visit.这是我最不愿意参观的地方。

3.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本小说。

4.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。

This is the second time that you told us the story. 这是你第二次告诉我这个故事了。

5.当先行词同时含有人和物时。

We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.

我们谈论了一些我们感兴趣的人和事。

6.以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中,含有定语从句,为避免重复时。Who is the man that is standing under the tree?站在树底下的那个人是谁?【小叮咛】Qingdao is the most beautiful city where I have ever worked.(即使有最高级修饰先行词city,但从句中work为不及物动词,先行词只作其地点状语,故要用关系副词)因此牢记,前面所述几种情况已有前提:需要用关系代词时,遇到这几种情况才选用that。

九、关系代词不能用that的情况

1.在“介词+关系代词”的结构中,关系代词只能用指物的which和指人的

whom。

This is the train by which we went to Beijing.这就是我们去北京乘坐的火车。2.在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,若去掉整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句)中。

Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.

足球是一项非常有趣的运动,全世界都在踢。

3.指人时,当先行词为everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等时,关系代词要用who,不用that。

Is there anyone who can answer this question?有没有人能够回答这个问题?4.先行词本身是指示代词that或those时,关系代词应用which。

What's that which she is looking at?他看的那个东西是什么?

十、介词+关系代词

1.介词+关系代词中介词的宾语只能是which或whom

The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.

你昨天告诉我的那位绅士证实是小偷。

In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。

2.当复合介词短语+which引导定语从句时,这种定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开,从句用倒装语序

He lived in a big house,in front of which stood a big tall tree.

他住在一所大房子里,房前有一棵大树。

3.介词+which/whom+不定式结构

The poor man has no house in which to live.那个可怜的人没有房子住。4.of+which/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)

Recently I bought an ancient vase,the price of which(=whose price) was very reasonable.

最近我买了个古代的花瓶,它的价钱很合理。

十一、定语从句和其他从句的区别

1.定语从句与并列句

1). a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of them were black with disease.(并列句)

b. I saw some trees, the leaves of which were black with disease.(定语从句)

2). a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of whom there is a pair of glasses (定语从句)

b. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of him there is a pair of glasses (并列句)

【小叮咛】是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键

2. 定语从句与同位语从句

定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“……的(名词)”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词,如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定语从句中作成分,可用which 或who/whom代替;而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用。试比较:

We all have heard the news that our team won.

我们都听到了我们球队胜利的消息。(同位语从句,that从句表示news的内容,that 在从句中不作任何成分)

We don’t believe the news that/which he told us yesterday. 我们不相信他昨天告诉我们的那个消息。(定语从句,that 作told 的宾语).请看例题:

1). a. The news that our volleyball team won the match made us excited.(同位语从句)

b. The news that /which he told me yesterday is exciting.(定语从句)

2) a. I made a promise that if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich. (同位语从句)

b. The mother made a promise that /which pleased all her children. (定语从句)【小叮咛】that引导的定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制;在句中作成份(作宾语省略),指物时可用which代替;而同位语从句是对前面名词的说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份,不能省略,不能用which代替。

3.定语从句与强调句型

1) a. It is in this room that I lived last year.(强调句)

b. It is the room where I lived last year.(定语从句)

2) a. It was at seven o’clock that he went to school this morning.(强调句)

b. It was seven o’clock when he went to school this morning.(定语从句)

【小叮咛】强调句型:It is/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它部分; 去掉It is/was….that/who… ,句子照样成立;而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份。十二、几种特殊情况

1.当先行词为way,意为“方法、方式”,且在定语从句中作主语、宾语时,可用关系代词which或that;作状语时,要用in which 或that或不填任何关系词。

The way(that/in which)he finished the task successfully was difficult to understand.(作状语)

The way that/which he explained to me was not difficult to understand.(作宾语)

2.当先行词为case,stage,position,point,situation等表示抽象地点的名词,且在定语从句中作状语时,要用where 来引导,occasion表时间时,用when引导定语从句;表地点,译为“场合”时,用where引导定语从句。We'll see a case where soft music can help to cure people.

3.当先行词为time时,若表示“一段时间”,后面定语从句用when引导,也可用at/during which;若表示“次数”,后面定语从句用that引导,that可以省略。

This is the second time(that)the President has visited our country.

There was a time when we had no TV sets.

十三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句

从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少

的定语,如果省去,主

句的意思就会不完整或

不明确。

从句只是对先行词的附加说

明,如果省去,主句的意思仍

然清楚或完整

He has a brother who is a physicist.他有一个当物理学家的哥哥。

He has a brother, who is a physicist. 他有一个哥哥,他是一个物理学家。

He returned all the books which are written in English.他归还了所有用英语写的书。

He returned all the books, which are written in English.

他归还了所有的书,那些书都是用英语写的。

The man who lives next door is a doctor.住在我隔壁的那个人是一个医生。The man, who lives next door, is a doctor.那个人住在我隔壁,他是一个医生。【小叮咛】当先行词为专有名词或是世界上独一无二的名词时,一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。The sun, which gives us light, is very big.

【巧学妙记】定语从句顺口溜

1.定从分类有奥妙, 限与非限看逗号;

定前必有先行词,名代两类最适宜;

定从先行很紧密,代副两词拉关系;

2.关系代词有六个,听我逐一来说破;

which表物人用who,人物都有that顾;

which用在逗号后,意表前句你要know;

who做主语很称职,whom用到宾语里;

3.that用法真有趣,两个地方它不去;

逗号后边它不去,介词之后不考虑;

4.That which代表物,区别听我来叙述;

先行若是不定代,that就把which 踹;

先行词前有两数,就用that定无误;

先行词前最高级,还用that必无疑;

句中若有there be, that应把which替;

先行主中做表语,避免重复从句里;

(Just the only very same last, 其后也要用that;)

5.指人可用that who, 以下情况多用who; Those people做先行,There be的结构中;

先行指人不定代,从中做主who要在;

两个定从一起来,不要重复你有才;

6.定从之中少定语,whose为你唱一曲;Whose指人又指物,所属关系要记住。

7.As/which在句末,若有否定as错;

句首只能用as,还有认知猜想词;

固定结构用as, the same /such/so/as;

so /such …that宾不离,so/such…as宾要弃;

8.关系代词到这里,主宾表定作用起;

关系代词作宾语,省与不省全靠你;

9.关系副词when/where/why, 从中做状莫懈怠;时间用when原因why,地点where经常在;

关系副词可替换,介词加上关系代;

关系代,关系代,that与who要除外;

挑选介词要聪明,必看动词和先行;

聪明反被聪明误,只因乱用关系副;

关系副,关系副,定缺主宾它不住;

它不住,它不住,关系代词来玩酷;

10.只记上边不可以,特殊情况告诉你;

先行用way 做状语, in which/ that /略可以;one of +复做先行,从中谓语复数明,

one前若有only/very, 从中谓语定用单;

定从名从可转换,all that被what换

【小试牛刀】

I 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空

1.Mr. Smith has three sons,none of ____is a computer expert.2.He has three sisters,_____are doctors.

3.She has three CDs,but none of_____is interesting.

4.I have many friends,and all of_____are nice and friendly.5.Miss Yang has some relatives here;____like her very much.

6. I know the university ____my parents worked ten years ago.

7. The hospital ____Mr. Li was operated on in has taken on a new look.8.She is such a good girl ____does well in French.

9.She is such a good girl ____all of us like to make friends with her.10.The news ____he told me sounds reasonable.

11.The news ____China has joined the WTO excites all the Chinese.12.It is the first time ____I have been here.

13.It was the time ____we had a hard life.

14.This is the longest train _____ I have ever seen.

15. ____ we all know, swimming is a very good sport.

16. I shall never forget those years _____ I lived in the farm ____ you visited last week.

II 根据汉语提示完成句子(每空仅填一词)。

1.我喜欢这两本关于英语的杂志。

I like the magazines , both_______ _______ are on English.

2.这是我读过的最有趣的小说。

This is the most interesting book ______ _______ ______ _________.

3.屋顶是红色的房子被毁坏了。

The house, ____________roof is red, was destroyed.

The house, ________roof __________ __________ is red, was destroyed.

The house, ________ ________ ___________roof is red, was destroyed.

4.他借了一本和我在读的一样的书。

He borrowed _______ __________book _________ I am reading.

5.读那些诸如你喜欢的书。

Read ___________books __________ you like.

6.这本书如此好以至于我经常读。

This is __________ a good novel _______I often read it.

Keys:1. whom 2. three of whom 3. them 4. them 5. They 6. where 7. where 8. as 9. that 10. (that/which) 11. that 12. that 13. when 14. (that )15. As 16. when; (that/ which)

II 1. of which 2. that I have read 3. whose; the, of which; of which, the 4. the same; as 5. such; as 6. such; that

最新高中英语语法定语从句总复习

高中英语语法定语从句总复习 郴州资兴三中李俊才 定义:用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫 作定语从句。 一、关系带词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose (=of whom) Whose (=of which) that 例1:This is the detective who came from London. 例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 2.关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如: All the people that are burst into tears.(所有人都迸出眼泪。) (2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which, who,或whom。 (3) 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分 概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and this 相似,并可以指人。例如: He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物,在从句中作表语,(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中。

大学英语语法大全_太经典了

大学英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如: I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如: He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间 接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给 我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

大学英语语法与练习——unit14倒装

14. 倒装 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有: 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, com e, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有: 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 倒装句之部分倒装

高中英语句子成分分析_直接打印版

句子成分及基本句型(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:SV(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻 S│V(是系动词)│P 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。 There be 结构:There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’ 试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。

英语语法讲解之定语从句

英语语法讲解之定语从句 时间:2016-08-12作者:来源:学习方法网 一.几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。 4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。 ﹙1﹚关系代词:that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词:when/where/why 5.引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能(作用): ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。 7.定语从句的类型: ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter.

=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。例如: The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。 I live in a house far away from the city,in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate,on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom,指物用which)引导。One,some,any,none,all,both,several,many,most,neither,either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children,two of whom are abroad. (比较:He has five children,and two of them are abroad.) We have three books,none of which is/are interesting. (比较:We have three books,but none of them is/are interesting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外,其余引导词都可以,用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。

高中英语非限定性定语从句语法归纳

非限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种,是定语从句的分支之一。作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。运用非限定性定语从句,尤其要注意其语法运用及其所表示的东西。 1 who引导的非限制性定语从句 Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook. 我们的向导,一个法裔加拿大人,擅长于烹调。 My gardener,who is very pessimistic,says that there will be no apples this year. 我家的园丁非常悲观,他说今年将不结苹果。 2 whom引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词whom用于指人,在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语,作介词宾语时,介词可位于句末。 如:Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了,你在伦敦见过他。 Mr Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家,我从他那儿学了许多东西。 3 whose引导的非限制性定语从句。 whose是关系代词who的所有格形式,在从句中作定语。whose通常指人,也可指动物或无生命的事物。 如:The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力,他的父亲是位工程师。 Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山,其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。 The play,whose style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period. 这剧本是那个时期的典型作品,风格拘谨刻板。 4 which引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句,在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ①which指代主句中的名词,被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。 如:These apple trees,which I planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的,还没有结过果实。 She is an artist,which I am not. 她是一位艺术家,而我不是。 Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。 The two policemen were completely trusted,which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任,事实上,也真是如此。 ②which指代主句中的形容词。 如:She was very patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心,她丈夫却很少这样。 She is always careless,which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意,我们可不应该这样。 ③which指代主句中的某个从句。

大学英语语法专题练习(4)从句练习

大学英语语法专题练习 从句练习 1.Ihopealltheprecautionsagainstairpollution,_____suggestedbylocalgovernment, willbeseriouslyconsidered here. A)whileB)sinceC)afterD)as 2. The problem of ________ to select as his successor was quickly disposed of. A)whatB) whomC)whichD)how 3.____youropinionsareworthconsidering,thecommitteefindsitunwisetoplacetoo muchimportanceonthem. A )As B )Since C)ProvidedD) While 4. This is an ideal site for a university _______ it is far from the downtown area. A)provided thatB)so thatC)now thatD)in that 5. You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _______ to suspend your tent. A)thereB)them C)whichD)where 6. _______quite recently, most mothers in Britain didn“t take paid w ork outside the home. A) BeforeB) UntilC)FromD)Since 7. ___________I admit that there are problems, I don“t think that theycannot be solved. A)UnlessB)Until

九年级英语语法 定语从句专题复习

定语从句专题复习 定语从句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有:who,whom,whose(一般指人),that(指人或物),which(指物)等。 关系副词有:when(时间),where(地点),why(原因)等。 (1)关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 ①who,whom,that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下: Ishethemanwho/that wantstosee you 他就是你想见的人吗(who/that在从句中作主语) Heistheman(whom/that)I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/who/that在从句中作saw的宾语,可以省略) ②whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同ofwhich互换),例如:Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 Pleasepassmethebookwhose/ofwhichcover(封面)isgreen. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 ③which,that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:Rosalikesmusicthat/whichisquiteandgentle.(which/that在句中作宾语) Thisisthebook(that/which)I'mlookingfor.(which/that在句中作lookfor的宾语) (2)关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。 ①when,where,why 关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构,因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用,例如: Doyouremembertheday when Isawyou(你还记得我见到你的那一天吗) Beijingistheplace where(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。 Isthisthereason why(forwhich)herefusedouroffer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗 ②that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如: Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/inwhich)hewasborn. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 Heisunlikelytofindtheplace(that/where/inwhich)helivedfortyyearsago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 (3)判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:

高中英语语法系列:定语从句

高中英语语法系列:定语从句 知识要点 1.关系代词和关系副词的选用 2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 3.几组的关系词特殊用法 一、定义:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 The happy man who lives next to me sells vegetables. You must do everything that I do. 被定语从句修饰的词,叫先行词。比如上面两句中的man和everything. 引导定语从句的词,叫关系代词和关系副词。比如who,whom,that,which,wh ere,when,why等 关系词三重作用:①连接主从句;②指代先行词;③在定语从句中担任句子成分。 The man who lives next to me sells vegetables. 该句中,who lives next to me是定语从句,修饰先行词the man,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。 二、关系词 引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,which,that,whose,as等和关系副词w here,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。

1.用关系代词that,which,who,whom引导的定语从句 who指人,用作主语 whom指人,用作宾语 which指物,用作主语、宾语皆可 that指人和物,用作主语、宾语皆可 The teacher who visits our school today is from Guangzhou. Mrs Read is the person whom you should write to. They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. The fish(which)we bought this morning were not fresh. A plane is a machine that can fly. The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious. 2.用关系代词whose引导的定语从句: 先行词既可指人,也可指物,一般译为“谁的”“什么东西的”,请看例子 The room whose window faces south is mine. 3.用关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句 (1)when在从句中作时间状语 October lst,1949is the day when(=on which)the People’s Republic of Chin a was founded. (2)where在从句中作地点状语 I recently went to the town where(=in which)I was born. (3)why在从句中作原因状语 The reason why(=for which)he was late was that he missed the train.

必考英语语法——限定性定语从句

2016年必考英语语法——限定性定语从句 1.that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that 在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置 2.which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢 3.代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略 4.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5.where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句 6.when引导定语从句表示时间 〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7.whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

大学英语语法与练习——unit14倒装资料讲解

大学英语语法与练习——u n i t14倒装

14. 倒装 14.1 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有: 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, com e, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes.Away they went. 14.1 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有: 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman.

Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 14.2 倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。 1)句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, n ot until… 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。 注意:如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题

高中英语语法之四种名词性从句

四种名词性从句(宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句)讲解与练习 ◆学习宾语从句 学习宾语从句的连词、语序、时态和各种变化及特殊用法(直接引证变间接引语也在 宾语从句的基础上还要进行人称、状语、少数动词和句型的变化)是为学习其它三种名词性从句(主从、表从、同位从)做铺垫,连词、语序、时态基本相同,只是后三种考点相对宾.语从句少的多,主要是对连词的应用进行考查。所以学好宾语从句是必要的。 宾语从句三注意三特殊 一注意:注意引导词(连词) 由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句,引导词为that,that 在口语或非正式文体中可省略;由 一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句,引导词为if或whether;由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句,引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词,即what, when,where 等。 Eg:Tom says(that)he will fly to Beijing tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天将要坐飞机去北京 二注意:注意从句语序. 宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。也就是说将疑问句转化成宾语从句时,一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。 Can you tell me what he is doing能告诉我他正在做什么吗? <特别提醒>当疑问句在宾语从句中做主语时,语序不变。 Eg:Do you know what makes him so angry? 你知道什么事使他如此生气吗? <特别提醒>如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实,其谓语动词仍用一般现在.时态。 Eg:Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon. 老师告诉我们说太阳比月球大得多。 ◆主语从句(与宾词从句连词、语序、时态相同。只是不能用if, that 不可省;) (一)、主语从句是一个句子,在句子中作主语成分。 (二),主语从句的特点 1.与宾语从句使用同样的连接词,只是if不能用; 1)、陈述句用that。 2)、一般疑问句用whether。 3)、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how等词引导。 2.以it为形式主语出现 Eg:1.It's true that the earth is round. That the earth is round is true. 2.表是否的意思时,不能用if代替whether. It hasn't been decided whether he'll come or not. Whether he'll come or not hasn't been decided. 3.从句语序为主谓宾正常语序。 Why didn't he come? Why he didn't come is not known. (三)特殊疑问词变化 Whoever=no matter who=any one who Whomever=no matter who=any one who

高中英语语法定语从句

第 11 章定语从句 第 11 章 ...................................... 1.先行词和关系词 ................................. 2.定语从句的种类 ................................. 3.关系代词如何引导定语从句 ....................... 4.各种关系代词的使用方法 ......................... 5.关系代词与介词·关系代词的省略 ................. 6.非限定性定语从句中的关系代词 ................... 7.关系副词的定义与用法 ........................... 8. as 引导的定语从句 .............................. 9.定语从句中需注意事项 ........................... 10.定语从句和同位语从句的区别 .................... 定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、副词、不定式、介 词短语等来担任,如果是一个句子担任定语,那么这个句子就叫做定语 从句,因为主要由形容词担任定语,所以也可以称它为形容词性从句。 定语从句可以修饰名词或代词,还能修饰整个主句或主句的一部分。 第一个来的人是迈克。 你给我的毛巾不干净。 我父亲每天做早操,这点对他的身体有好处。 这就是我去年住过的房子。 1 先行词和关系词 (关系代词和关系副词的定义与作用) 1 定语从句的构成 (爱冒险的青年人) 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系 词一般紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。定语从句都在它所修饰的先行 词的后面(后置)。(这一点和汉语不同,汉语中的定语都放在被修饰 的名词或代词的前面。) 2 关系词的作用 两个简单句 Thank you for the record.+You gave me the record. 主从复合句 谢谢你给我的录音机。 Thank you for the record that/which you gave me the record.… (× ) Thank you for the record that/which you gave it to me.… (× ) 关系代词起着代词和连词的作用。关系副词起着副词或介词短语和 连词的作用。 在从句中它们既代替前面的先行词在句子里担任一定的成分,又把 两个句子连接起来构成一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。请看上面例句。说明 关系代词 that/which 紧跟在先行词 record 的后面引导定语从句。 关系代词 that/which 在从句中既代替先行词 record 在句子里担任宾语,(该定语从句原应为 You gave me the record.)又起着连词的作用把两

大学英语语法大全

大学英语语法 (CET--4) 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如: He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里?)

(完整版)全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程第二册全部课后练习答案

Unit1 Ways of Learning Part II Reading Task Comprehension Content Question Pair Work 1.They were studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools in Nanjing. 2.Their 18-month-old son Benjamin was fond of trying to place the key into the slot of the key box during their stay at the Jinling Hotel. 3.They would come over to watch Benjamin and then try to teach him how to do it properly. 4.Because he realized that this anecdote was directly relevant to their assigned tasks in China: to investigate early childhood education and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity. 5.Most of them displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel. 6.He emphasized that the most important thing is to teach the child that on can solve a problem effectively by oneself. 7.He means that this incident pointed to important differences in educational and artistic practices between China and the USA. 8.The manner in which the Chinese staff saw the need to teach the child by guiding his hand in the characteristic of a broader attitude to education, one that stands in contrast to the Western preference for leaving the child to explore and learn unaided. 9.One example is of children at the age of 5 or 6 painting flowers, fish and animals skillfully and confidently; in a second example, calligraphers 9 and 10 years old were producing works; and in a third, young artists work on perfecting their craft for several hours a day. 10.Americans think that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge, and skills can be picked up later. Chinese think that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired, and there is no hurry to promote creativity. 11.This is mainly due to the difference in their way of thinking. 12.The author makes the suggestion that we should strike a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills. Text Organization Working On Your Own 1.

相关文档
最新文档