ieee英文论文格式.doc

ieee英文论文格式.doc
ieee英文论文格式.doc

ieee 英文论文格式【篇一:ieee 英文论文格式模板】preparation of papers for ieee transactions and journals (march

2005)

first a. author, second b. author, jr., and third c. author,

member, ieee

?

abstract —these instructions give you guidelines for preparing

papers for ieee transactions and journals. use this document

as a template if you are using microsoft word 6.0 or later.

otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. the

electronic file of your paper will be formatted further at ieee.

define all symbols used in the abstract. do not cite references

in the abstract. do not delete the blank line immediately above

the abstract; it sets the footnote at the bottom of this column.

point and either use insert | picture | from file or copy the

image to the windows clipboard and then edit | paste special |

picture (with ―float over text ‖unchecked).

ieee will do the final formatting of your paper. if your paper is

intended for a conference, please observe the conference page

limits.

ii. procedure for paper submission a. review stage

please check with your editor on whether to submit your

manuscript by hard copy or electronically for review. if hard

copy, submit photocopies such that only one column appears

per page. this will give your referees plenty of room to write

comments. send the number of copies specified by your editor

(typically four). if submitted electronically, find out if your

editor prefers submissions on disk or as e-mail attachments. if

you want to submit your file with one column electronically,

please do the following:

--first, click on the view menu and choose print layout. --

second, place your cursor in the first paragraph. go to the

format menu, choose columns, choose one column layout, and

choose ―apply to whole document ‖from the dropdown menu.

--third, click and drag the right margin bar to just over 4

inches in width.

the graphics will stay in the ―second‖column, but you can drag them to the first column. make the graphic wider to push

out any text that may try to fill in next to the graphic.

b. final stage

when you submit your final version, after your paper has been accepted, print it in two-column format, including figures and

tables. send three prints of the paper; two will go to ieee and

one will be retained by the editor-in-chief or conference

publications chair.

you must also send your final manuscript on a disk, which

ieee will use to prepare your paper for publication. write the

authors ’names on the disk la bel. if you are using a macintosh, please save your file on a pc formatted disk, if possible. you

may use zip or cd-rom disks for large files, or compress files

using compress, pkzip, stuffit, or gzip.

also send a sheet of paper with complete contact information

for all authors. include full mailing addresses, telephone

numbers, fax numbers, and e-mail addresses. this information

will be used to send each author a complimentary copy of the

1

index terms —about four key words or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas. for a list of suggested keywords,

send a blank e-mail to or visit the ieee web site at

i. introduction t

his document is a template for microsoft word versions 6.0 or

later. if you are reading a paper version of this document,

please download the electronic file, trans-jour.doc, from so

you can use it to prepare your manuscript. if you would prefer

to use latex, download ieee ’s latex style and sample files from the same web page. use these latex files for formatting, but

please follow the instructions in trans-jour.doc or trans-

jour.pdf.

if your paper is intended for a conference, please contact your conference editor concerning acceptable word processor

formats for your particular conference.

when you open trans-jour.doc, se lect ―page layout ‖from the ―view ‖menu in the menu bar (view | page layout), which allows you to see the footnotes. then type over sections of

trans-jour.doc or cut and paste from another document and

then use markup styles. the pull-down style menu is at the left

of the formatting toolbar at the top of your word window (for

example, the style at this point in the document is ―text ‖). highlight a section that you want to designate with a certain

style, then select the appropriate name on the style menu. the

style will adjust your fonts and line spacing. do not change the

font sizes or line spacing to squeeze more text into a limited

number of pages. use italics for emphasis; do not underline.

to insert images in word, position the cursor at the insertion

this work was supported by national science council, taipei,

taiwan, r.o.c. project no. nsc xx-xxxx-x-xxx-xxx..

journal in which the paper appears. in addition, designate one

author as the ―corresponding author. ‖this is the author to

whom proofs of the paper will be sent. proofs are sent to the

corresponding author only.

fonts when creating your figures, if possible.

4) other ways: experienced computer users can convert

figures and tables from their original format to tiff. some useful

image converters are adobe photoshop, corel draw, and

microsoft photo editor, an application that is part of microsoft

c. figures

office 97 and office 2000 (look for c:program filescommon

all tables and figures will be processed as images. however,

files microsoft shared photoed photoed.exe. (you may ieee

cannot extract the tables and figures embedded in have to

custom-install photo editor from your original office your

document. (the figures and tables you insert in your disk.)

document are only to help you gauge the size of your paper,

for here is a way to make tiff image files of tables. first, create

the convenience of the referees, and to make it easy for you to

your table in word. use horizontal lines but no vertical lines.

distribute preprints.) therefore, submit, on separate sheets of

hide gridlines (table | hide gridlines). spell check the table to

paper, enlarged versions of the tables and figures that remove

any red underlines that indicate spelling errors. adjust appear

in your document. these are the images ieee will magnification

(view | zoom) such that you can view the entire scan and

publish with your paper. table at maximum area when you

select view | full screen.

move the cursor so that it is out of the way. press ―print screen ‖ d. electronic image files (optional)

you will have the greatest control over the appearance of on

your keyboard; this copies the screen image to the windows

your figures if you are able to prepare electronic image files. if

clipboard. open microsoft photo editor and click edit | paste as

you do not have the required computer skills, just submit

paper new image. crop the table image (click select button;

select the

part you want, then image | crop). adjust the properties of the

prints as described above and skip this section.

1) easiest way: if you have a scanner, the best and quickest

image (file | properties) to monochrome (1 bit) and 600 pixels

way to prepare noncolor figure files is to print your tables and

per inch. resize the image (image | resize) to a width of 3.45

figures on paper exactly as you want them to appear, scan

them, inches. save the file (file | save as) in tiff with no and

then save them to a file in postscript (ps) or encapsulated

compression (click ―more‖button).

most graphing programs allow you to save graphs in tiff;

postscript (eps) formats. use a separate file for each image.

however, you often have no control over compression or file

names should be of the form ―fig1.ps ‖or ―fig2.eps. ‖

2) slightly harder way: using a scanner as above, save the

number of bits per pixel. you should open these image files in

a images in tiff format. high-contrast line figures and tables

program such as microsoft photo editor and re-save them

using should be prepared with 600 dpi resolution and saved

with no no compression, either 1 or 8 bits, and either 600 or

220 dpi compression, 1 bit per pixel (monochrome), with file

names of resolution (file | properties; image | resize). see

section ii- d2 the form ―fig3.tif ‖or ―table1.tif. ‖to obtain a 3.45-in figure for an explanation of number of bits and

resolution. if your (one-column width) at 600 dpi, the figure

requires a horizontal graphing program cannot export to tiff,

you can use the same size of 2070 pixels. typical file sizes will

be on the order of 0.5 technique described for tables in the

previous paragraph.

a way to convert a figure from windows metafile (wmf) to mb.

photographs and grayscale figures should be prepared with

tiff is to paste it into microsoft powerpoint, save it in jpg 220

dpi resolution and saved with no compression, 8 bits per

format, open it with microsoft photo editor or similar converter,

pixel (grayscale). to obtain a 3.45-in figure (one-column width)

and re-save it as tiff.

microsoft excel allows you to save spreadsheet charts in at

220 dpi, the figure should have a horizontal size of 759 pixels.

color figures should be prepared with 400 dpi resolution and

graphics interchange format (gif). to get good resolution,

saved with no compression, 8 bits per pixel (palette or 256

make the excel charts very large. then use the ―save as

color). to obtain a 3.45-in figure (one column width) at 400 dpi,

the figure should have a horizontal size of 1380 pixels.

for more information on tiff files, please go to and click on the

link ―guidelines for author supplied electronic text and

graphics. ‖

3) somewhat harder way: if you do not have a scanner, you

may create noncolor postscript figures by ―printing ‖them to files. first, download a postscript printer driver from (for

windows) or from (for macintosh) and install the ―generic postscript printer ‖definition. in word, paste your figure into a

new document. print to a file using the postscript printer driver.

file names should be of the form ―fig5.ps. ‖use adobe type 1 2

fig. 1. magnetization as a function of applied field. note

that ―fig. ‖is abbreviated. there is a period after the figure number, followed by two spaces. it is good practice to explain

the significance of the figure in the caption.

html ‖

feature (see ). you can then convert from gif to tiff using

microsoft photo editor, for example.

no matter how you convert your images, it is a good idea to

print the tiff files to make sure nothing was lost in the

conversion.

if you modify this document for use with other ieee journals or conferences, you should save it as type ―w o r d-2907006.0/95

- rtf (*.doc) ‖so that it can be opened by any version of word.

e. copyright form

an ieee copyright form should accompany your final

submission. you can get a .pdf, .html, or .doc version at or

from the first issues in each volume of the ieee transactions

and journals. authors are responsible for obtaining any

security clearances.

iii. math

if you are using word, use either the microsoft equation editor

or the mathtype add-on () for equations in your paper (insert |

object | create new | microsoft equation or mathtype

equation). ―float over text ‖should not be selected.

iv. units

use either si (mks) or cgs as primary units. (si units are

strongly encouraged.) english units may be used as secondary

units (in parentheses). this applies to papers in data storage.

for example, write ―15 gb/cm2 (100 gb/in2). ‖an exception is when engli sh units are used as identifiers in trade, such as ―3? in disk drive. ‖avoid combining si and cgs units, such as

current in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. this often

leads to confusion because equations do not balance

3

units for each quantity in an equation.

v. helpful hints

a. figures and tables

because ieee will do the final formatting of your paper, you do

not need to position figures and tables at the top and bottom

of each column. in fact, all figures, figure captions, and tables

can be at the end of the paper. large figures and tables may

span both columns. place figure captions below the figures;

place table titles above the tables. if your figure has two parts,

include the labels ―(a) ‖and ―(b) ‖as part of the artwork. please verify that the figures and tables you mention in the text

actually exist. please do not include captions as part of the

figures. do not put captions in “text boxes ”linked to the figures. do not put borders around the outside of your figures.

use the abbreviation ―fig. ‖even at the beginning of a sentence. do not abbreviate ―table. ‖tables are numbered with roman numerals.

color printing of figures is available, but is billed to the

authors (approximately $1300, depending on the number of

figures and number of pages containing color). include a note

中英文论文参考文献标准格式 超详细

超详细中英文论文参考文献标准格式 1、参考文献和注释。按论文中所引用文献或注释编号的顺序列在论文正文之后,参考文献之前。图表或数据必须注明来源和出处。 (参考文献是期刊时,书写格式为: [编号]、作者、文章题目、期刊名(外文可缩写)、年份、卷号、期数、页码。参考文献是图书时,书写格式为: [编号]、作者、书名、出版单位、年份、版次、页码。) 2、附录。包括放在正文内过份冗长的公式推导,以备他人阅读方便所需的辅助性数学工具、重复性数据图表、论文使用的符号意义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关说明等。 参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识,具体如下: [M]--专著,著作 [C]--论文集(一般指会议发表的论文续集,及一些专题论文集,如《***大学研究生学术论文集》[N]-- 报纸文章 [J]--期刊文章:发表在期刊上的论文,尽管有时我们看到的是从网上下载的(如知网),但它也是发表在期刊上的,你看到的电子期刊仅是其电子版 [D]--学位论文:不区分硕士还是博士论文 [R]--报告:一般在标题中会有"关于****的报告"字样 [S]-- 标准 [P]--专利 [A]--文章:很少用,主要是不属于以上类型的文章 [Z]--对于不属于上述的文献类型,可用字母"Z"标识,但这种情况非常少见 常用的电子文献及载体类型标识: [DB/OL] --联机网上数据(database online) [DB/MT] --磁带数据库(database on magnetic tape) [M/CD] --光盘图书(monograph on CDROM) [CP/DK] --磁盘软件(computer program on disk) [J/OL] --网上期刊(serial online) [EB/OL] --网上电子公告(electronic bulletin board online) 很显然,标识的就是该资源的英文缩写,/前面表示类型,/后面表示资源的载体,如OL表示在线资源 二、参考文献的格式及举例 1.期刊类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号)起止页码. 【举例】 [1] 周融,任志国,杨尚雷,厉星星.对新形势下毕业设计管理工作的思考与实践[J].电气电子教学学报,2003(6):107-109. [2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业设计(论文)教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育,2004(1):46-52. [3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 67. 2.专著类

英文论文注释和论文格式

论文注释和参考文献格式1 2.1注释Citations 2.1.1夹注In-text Citations 转述、阐释、总结他人主要观点、引用某些引文或所依据的文献无须详细注释者,以夹注的形式随文在括号内注明。夹注与“参考文献”结合,形成一种方便、快捷说明引用出处的注释形式。夹注的构成形式有以下几种情况: 1)来自英语文章、专著的直接引语,作者姓名在文中已经出现: 格式:出版年份:页码 例:Rees said, “As key aspects of …in the process” (1986: 241), … 2 ) 来自英语文章、专著的直接引语,作者姓名在文中没有出现: 格式:作者姓名,出版年份:页码 例:The underlying assumption is that language is “bound up with culture in multiple and complex ways”(Elli, 1968: 3). 3 ) 来自英语文章、专著的间接引语,作者姓名在文中已经出现: 格式:出版年份:引文页码 例:According to Alun Rees (1986: 234)〔夹注直接放在被引者后面〕, the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation. According to Alun Rees,the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation (1986: 234). 〔夹注也可以位于 引语的最后〕 4 ) 来自英语文章、专著的间接引语,作者姓名在文中没有提到: 格式:作者姓名出版年份:引文页码 例:It may be true that in the appreciation of medieval art the attitude of the observer is of primary importance (Robertson, 1987: 136). 5)来自汉语文章、专著,间接引用,作者姓名在文中已经出现2: 格式:作者姓名拼音+夹注(出版年份:引文页码) 例:Wang Datong(2002: 111, 2005: 191) believed that…; 6)来自汉语的文章、专著,间接引用,作者姓名在文中没有出现: 1本格式主要参阅了APA,《外语教学与研究》杂志以及部分大学外语学院毕业论文格式要求;日语毕业论文格式另列。第二章的内容适用于用英文写作的毕业论文,要求采用随文夹注和文末“参考文献”相结合的注释方法;如采用此方法注释后仍有一些问题需要说明的,可酌情使用脚注。凡是用汉语撰写的论文,统一采用尾注加参考书目的格式,具体的严格按照《手册》第14-17页的规定执行;日语毕业论文的有关规定见第五章。 2第(5)、(6)项仅适用于用英语撰写但引用到汉语文献的论文,相应的参考书目著录方法见2.3.3。

英文论文格式要求

英文论文格式要求 (2009-01-08 10:03:39) 转载▼ 分类:外文期刊知识 标签: 教育 论文发表 期刊投稿 学术论文 很多老师可能想发英文论文,但是不知格式如何调整,一般英文期刊格式都是国际上的APA 格式,鉴于以前曾在英文期刊工作过,所以在此贴出格式要求,这样老师们在投稿前整理妥当,通过率也高一些。要知道,您若是直接投到国外编辑部邮箱,他们是不会帮您整理的哦。其实无论是学术期刊投稿,还是其他生活类,时尚类等通俗期刊投稿,整齐的稿件格式,专业的排版,全角半角选择正确,没有词汇语法错误,都会让编辑们有赏心悦目的感觉,忍不住要多看一眼您的文章。编辑也是人啊,不要把稿件扔过去就完事了,编辑每天要干的事情非常多,你说你懒,编辑会说,对不起我更懒。 不多说废话,在此贴出格式: 英文论文APA格式 英文论文一些格式要求与国内期刊有所不同。从学术的角度讲,它更加严谨和科学,并且方便电子系统检索和存档。 版面格式

表格 表格的题目格式与正文相同,靠左边,位于表格的上部。题目前加Table后跟数字,表示此文的第几个表格。 表格主体居中,边框粗细采用0.5磅;表格内文字采用Times New Roman,10磅。

举例: Table 1. The capitals, assets and revenue in listed banks 图表和图片 图表和图片的题目格式与正文相同,位于图表和图片的下部。题目前加Figure后跟数字,表示此文的第几个图表。图表及题目都居中。只允许使用黑白图片和表格。 举例: Figure 1. The Trend of Economic Development 注:Figure与Table都不要缩写。 引用格式与参考文献 1. 在论文中的引用采取插入作者、年份和页数方式,如"Doe (2001, p.10) reported that …" or "This在论文中的引用采取作者和年份插入方式,如"Doe (2001, p.10) reported that …" or "This problem has been studied previously (Smith, 1958, pp.20-25)。文中插入的引用应该与文末参考文献相对应。 举例:Frankly speaking, it is just a simulating one made by the government, or a fake competition, directly speaking. (Gao, 2003, p.220). 2. 在文末参考文献中,姓前名后,姓与名之间以逗号分隔;如有两个作者,以and连接;如有三个或三个以上作者,前面的作者以逗号分隔,最后一个作者以and连接。 3. 参考文献中各项目以“点”分隔,最后以“点”结束。 4. 文末参考文献请按照以下格式:

毕业论文英文参考文献与译文

Inventory management Inventory Control On the so-called "inventory control", many people will interpret it as a "storage management", which is actually a big distortion. The traditional narrow view, mainly for warehouse inventory control of materials for inventory, data processing, storage, distribution, etc., through the implementation of anti-corrosion, temperature and humidity control means, to make the custody of the physical inventory to maintain optimum purposes. This is just a form of inventory control, or can be defined as the physical inventory control. How, then, from a broad perspective to understand inventory control? Inventory control should be related to the company's financial and operational objectives, in particular operating cash flow by optimizing the entire demand and supply chain management processes (DSCM), a reasonable set of ERP control strategy, and supported by appropriate information processing tools, tools to achieved in ensuring the timely delivery of the premise, as far as possible to reduce inventory levels, reducing inventory and obsolescence, the risk of devaluation. In this sense, the physical inventory control to achieve financial goals is just a means to control the entire inventory or just a necessary part; from the perspective of organizational functions, physical inventory control, warehouse management is mainly the responsibility of The broad inventory control is the demand and supply chain management, and the whole company's responsibility. Why until now many people's understanding of inventory control, limited physical inventory control? The following two reasons can not be ignored: First, our enterprises do not attach importance to inventory control. Especially those who benefit relatively good business, as long as there is money on the few people to consider the problem of inventory turnover. Inventory control is simply interpreted as warehouse management, unless the time to spend money, it may have been to see the inventory problem, and see the results are often very simple procurement to buy more, or did not do warehouse departments . Second, ERP misleading. Invoicing software is simple audacity to call it ERP, companies on their so-called ERP can reduce the number of inventory, inventory control, seems to rely on their small software can get. Even as SAP, BAAN ERP world, the field of

英文论文格式要求

附件1: 英文论文格式要求 1.论文排版要求 论文需报送全文,文稿请用Word录入排版,A4版面,单倍行距,页边距上下各2.5 cm、左右各2 cm,页眉页脚取默认值,插入页码居中。全文字数不超过5000字,版面不超进5页。全文使用Time New Roman字体。 2.文章结构 论文应依次包含论文题目、作者姓名、作者单位及通讯地址、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献、作者简介等。 3.论文题目 三号字体、加粗,居中排;副标题另起一行,小三加粗;英文题目中,所有实词的首字母大写(虚词小写)。 4.作者姓名 作者姓名用四号字体、居中排,多位作者之间用逗号区分,姓大写、加粗,名首字母大写,中间不加连字符,段前空1行。 5.作者单位及通讯地址 作者单位及通讯地址用五号字体、居中排,全部内容置于括号中,段后空一行。 6.摘要 “Abstract”一词五号加粗,内容五号字体。不少于200个词,用过去时态叙述作者工作,用现在时态叙述作者结论。 — 1 —

7.关键词 “Keywords”一词五号加粗,内容五号字体。英文关键词之间用逗号,需列出3~5个。 (正文之前的所有内容左右各缩进2字符。) 8.正文 五号Time New Roman通排,首行缩进1字符,采用单倍行距;文中所用计量单位,一律按国际通用标准或国家标准,如hm2,kg等;文中年代、年月日、数字一律用阿拉伯数字表示。 文中各级标题采用阿拉伯数字分级编序,一律左顶格排版。一级标题四号字体加粗,形如1,2,3,…排序;二级标题小四号字体加粗,形如1.1,1.2,…排序;三级标题五号字体加粗,形如1.1.1,1.1.2,…排序。各级标题数字后空1全角空格,段前段后各空0.5行,当两级标题在一起时,两级标题之间不空行。 文中图、表应有自明性,且随文出现。图以10幅为限。尽量采用Word文档以插入表格方式制作三线表。图(表)须有图(表)题,紧随文后,且在同一页面。图中文字、符号或坐标图中的标目、标值须写清。标目应使有符合国家标准的物理量和单位符号。表的内容切忌与插图和文字内容重复。 表题五号字体加粗,排表上居中,段前1行,段后0.5行;表栏头五号字体,各栏居左;表序号按流水排序,表格后空1行。图题五号字体加粗,排图下居中,段前1行,段后0.5行;图注小五号字体,排图题下居中,接排。图文、表文五号字体。 — 2 —

中英文论文对照格式

英文论文APA格式 英文论文一些格式要求与国内期刊有所不同。从学术的角度讲,它更加严谨和科学,并且方便电子系统检索和存档。 版面格式

表格 表格的题目格式与正文相同,靠左边,位于表格的上部。题目前加Table后跟数字,表示此文的第几个表格。 表格主体居中,边框粗细采用0.5磅;表格内文字采用Times New Roman,10磅。 举例: Table 1. The capitals, assets and revenue in listed banks

图表和图片 图表和图片的题目格式与正文相同,位于图表和图片的下部。题目前加Figure 后跟数字,表示此文的第几个图表。图表及题目都居中。只允许使用黑白图片和表格。 举例: Figure 1. The Trend of Economic Development 注:Figure与Table都不要缩写。 引用格式与参考文献 1. 在论文中的引用采取插入作者、年份和页数方式,如"Doe (2001, p.10) reported that …" or "This在论文中的引用采取作者和年份插入方式,如"Doe (2001, p.10) reported that …" or "This problem has been studied previously (Smith, 1958, pp.20-25)。文中插入的引用应该与文末参考文献相对应。 举例:Frankly speaking, it is just a simulating one made by the government, or a fake competition, directly speaking. (Gao, 2003, p.220). 2. 在文末参考文献中,姓前名后,姓与名之间以逗号分隔;如有两个作者,以and连接;如有三个或三个以上作者,前面的作者以逗号分隔,最后一个作者以and连接。 3. 参考文献中各项目以“点”分隔,最后以“点”结束。 4. 文末参考文献请按照以下格式:

国外期刊论文模板

Special Seminar: Assessing Emergent Business IT Using the Web of System Performance Brian Whitworth1, Cheikna Sylla2,Elizabeth Whitworth3 1Institute of Information and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University (Albany), New Zealand 2School of Management, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA 3Psychology Department, Carleton University, Canada 2345@https://www.360docs.net/doc/735316423.html, [The title of the paper should be written in bold in 14 point font, centered on the top of the paper. The first letter of every word in the title should be capitalized. Leave one line, the authors’ names and their affiliations, following the title, must be 11 point font.] Abstract:[9pt, bold, the first letter should be capitalized] Businesses must often decide whether to purchase emergent technology in various states of maturity. Purchasing immature technology can have serious consequences for a business, but equally not purchasing new technology can invoke intangible opportunity losses that are equally costly in the long term. Businesses that don’t upgrade their IT can go out of business, but upgrading every time can be equally disastrous.[9pt] Keywords: keyword1, keyword2, keyword3, keyword4 [9pt] [Every paper should include an abstract within 500 words. At the end of the abstract, skip a line and then type “Keywords:” (NOT bold, italic, and followed by a colon) followed by 3 to 8 words that describe the focus and contribution of the paper. ] 1.INTRODUCTION[10pt, capitalized, bold] The use of information technology (IT) has become a primary survival factor for business organizations in a global competitive environment. However just as IT can make money for business, it can also lose money, as IT has become a major corporate expenditure.…… [This document has been prepared using the required format (Microsoft Word version 6.0 or later). Using this document as a template is highly recommended as it gives the best input for the final publications. ] [Body of the paper: The whole paper should be written in “Times New Roman” font. Except the title of the paper that is in 14-font size and authors’ names with their affiliations in 11-font size, the whole paper should be written in 10 fonts. ] [Do not use multiple columns. The line spacing should be single line. Every paper should be less than or equal to 6 pages. Set the page to A4 with margins of 2.54cm all around. Do not use headers and footers, do not use end notes and do not put page numbers. Microsoft Word file is strongly preferred. ] 2.WHY A NEW THEORY OFINFORMATION SYSTEMPERFORMANCE? [10pt, capitalized, bold] [Headings are numbered and capitalized. All major headings are centered in bold in 10 fonts. Do not put a period after the text of the heading.There should be no more than three levels of heading. ] In the infancy of software development, designers held functionality (what the system does to the world) as the primary goal of software development. This is because at that time, software was just a tool, as say a hammer is a tool. As information systems developed however, they not only became more complex, but also less passive and more active systems in their own right. IS today works with the user not just for the user, and now

英文论文翻译

汲水门大桥有限元模型的分析 By Q. W. Zhang, T. Y. P. Chang,and C. C. Chang 摘要:本文提出的有限元模型修正的汲水门大桥的实施,是位于香港的430米主跨双层斜拉桥。通过三维有限元预测和现场振动测试,对该桥的动力特性进行了研究,。在本文中,建立的有限元模型的更新,是基于实测的动态特性。一个全面的灵敏度研究证明各种结构参数(包括连接和边界条件)的影响是在其所关注的模式进行,根据一组的结构参数,然后选择调整。有限元模型的更新在一个迭代的方式以减少之间的预测和测量频率的差异。最后更新的有限元模型,使汲水门大桥能在良好的协议与所测量的固有频率状态,并可以进行更精确的动态响应预测。 简介: 汲水门大桥(图1),位于大屿山及香港湾岛之间,是世界上最长的斜拉桥,是公路交通和铁路交通两用桥梁。为确保其结构的完整性和操作安全性,桥梁已经配备了一个相当复杂的监测系统,包括仪器参数如加速度传感器,位移传感器,液位传感器,温度传感器,应变计,风速仪(Lau and Wong 1997)。由Chang 等人通过有限元预测和现场振动测量对该桥的动力特性进行了研究(2001)。三维有限元(FE)模型,它是基于非线性弹性梁元件构建的塔和甲板上的桁架单元,电缆,和弹性或刚性连接的连接和边界约束[图1(d)]。桥面,包括钢/混凝土框架结构在大跨度和梯形箱梁的中心部分的剩余部分,是使用一个单一的脊柱通过剪切中心桥面的。由于截面的非整体性,通过一个虚拟的等效单片材料来表示复合甲板。这是通过等效的整体桥面的质量和刚度性能检核的复合甲板了。由Chang证明(1998),对截面模量的计算细节可以通过改变报告发现。电缆,另一方面,使用的是线性弹性桁架单元模拟。非线性效应由于电缆张力和下垂的电缆进行线性化,采用弹性刚度等效模量的概念考虑。有限元模型包括464个梁单元,176个桁架单元,和615个节点,总共有1536个自由度。 一般的有限元建模,给出了该桥的物理和模态特性进行详细的描述,而现场振动测试则是作为(理想化的)有限元模型评估基础信息的重要来源。有限元计算结果与现场振动试验表明在自然频率合理的相关性和桥的振型。然而,在预测

英语论文模板(格式)

On Extra-curricular Activities and Cultivation of English Communicative Ability of College Students Applicant: XX Supervisor: XX Faculty: XXX May 10, 2008 XXX University

摘要 ................................................................................................................................................ii Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... iii 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The Significance of Topic ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Methods............................................................................................................... 1 2. Theory Research ........................................................................................................................... 1 2.1 Linguistics Rationale ........................................................................................................... 1 2.1.1 Theory of Communicative Competence by D. H. Hymes ........................................ 1 2.1.2 Theory of Communicative Competence by Canale & Swain .................................. 2 2.1.3 Theory of Communicative Competence by Bachman.............................................. 2 2.2 Theoretical Basis of the Topic ............................................................................................. 2 2.2.1 Piaget's Theory ......................................................................................................... 2 2.2.2 American Scholar-- Alan Andean &Weir about ― Role Play............‖....................... 3 2.3 Related Studies.................................................................................................................... 3 2.3.1 Researches Abroad................................................................................................... 3 2.3.2 Researches in China ................................................................................................. 3 3. Presentation of the English Teaching ............................................................................................ 4 3.1 The Drawbacks of Traditional Teaching Methods .............................................................. 4 3.2 Modern Interest Teaching —— CLT .................................................................................... 4 3.2.1 Definition of CLT .................................................................................................... 4 3.2.2 The Content and Substance of CLT ......................................................................... 5 3.2.3 CLT in the Use of English Out-of-class Activities .................................................. 4. Out-of-class Activities and Cultivation of Communication Ability ............................................. 4.1 The Role of Out-of-class Activities in Training of Communication Ability ....................... 6 6 6 4.2 Current Situation of College Students 4.3 Analysis on the Causes for Problems .................................................................................. 8 4.4 Carrying Out the Out-of-class Activities in Scientific and Effective Way .......................... 9 -of-class ’LeaOutrning ............................................ 7 4.5 A Suggested Framework for Strategy Study ..................................................................... 11 4.5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 11 4.5.2 An Out-of-class English Learning Center .............................................................. 11 5. Conclusion ...........................................................................................

英语毕业论文引用和参考文献格式

英语毕业论文引用和参考文献格式 英语专业毕业论文引用和参考文献格式采用APA格式及规。 一、文中夹注格式 英语学位论文引用别人的观点、方法、言论必须注明出处,注明出处时使用括号夹注的方法(一般不使用脚注或者尾注),且一般应在正文后面的参考文献中列出。关于夹注,采用APA格式。 (一)引用整篇文献的观点 引用整篇文献(即全书或全文)观点时有两种情况: 1.作者的姓氏在正文中没有出现,如: Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (Taylor, 1990). 2. 作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现,如: Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (1990). 3. 如果作者的姓氏和文献出版年份均已在正文同一句中出现,按APA的规不需使用括号夹注,如: In a 1990 article, Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing. 4. 在英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作或者期刊,括号夹注中只需用汉语拼音标明作者的姓氏,不得使用汉字,如:(Zhang, 2005) (二)引用文献中具体观点或文字 引用文献中某一具体观点或文字时必须注明该观点或者该段文字出现的页码出版年份,没有页码是文献引用不规的表现。 1.引用一位作者的文献 (1)引用容在一页,如: Emily Bronte “expressed increasing hostility for the world of human relationships, whether sexual or social” (Taylor, 1988:11). (2)引用容在多页上,如: Newmark (1988:39-40) notes three characteristically expressive text-types: (a) serious imaginative literature (e.g. lyrical poetry); (b) authoritative statements (political speeches and documents, statutes and legal documents, philosophical and academic works by acknowledged authorities); (c) autobiography, essays, personal correspondence (when these are personal effusions).

学术期刊论文标准格式

学术期刊论文标准格式 1 、题目 中文题名一般不超过20 个汉字,必要时可加副题名。文章应附英文题名。 2 、作者及其工作单位 中国作者姓名的汉语拼音采用如下写法:姓前名后,中间为空格。姓氏的全部字母均大写,复姓应连写。名字的首字母大写,双名中间加连字符;名字不缩写。例:zhao ling (赵灵), 文章应标明所有作者的工作单位,包括单位全称、所在省市名及邮政编码,以便于联系和按地区、机构统计文章的分布;单位名称与省市名之间应以逗号分隔。整个数据项用圆括号括起。英文文章和英文摘要中的作者工作单位还应在省市名及邮编之后加列国名,其间以逗号分隔。例: (华中电力集团公司,湖北武汉430027) 3 、摘要 切忌把应在引言中出现的内容写入摘要;一般也不要对论文内容作诠释和评论(尤其是自我评价)。不得简单重复题名中已有的信息。用第三人称。不必使用" 本文"、"作者"等作为主语。缩略语、略称、代号,除了相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解的以外,在首次出现时必须加以说明。 4 、关键词

一般每篇文章可选3~8 个关键词。多个关键词之间应以分号分隔,以便于计算机自动切分。中、英文关键词应一一对应。 5、参考文献 参考文献著录项目:① 主要责任者(专著为作者而非译者)。多个责任者之间以","分隔,注意在本项数据中不得出现缩写点". "(英文作者请将作者名写 全)。主要责任者只列姓名,其后不加"著"、"编"、"主编"、"合编"等责任说明。②文献题名及版本(初版省略)。③文献类型及载体类型标识。④ 出版项(出版地、出版者、出版年)。⑤ 文献出处或电子文献的可获得地址。⑥ 文献起止页码。⑦ 文献标准编号(标准号、专利号)。 各类参考文献条目的编排格式及示例如下: 专著、论文集、学位论文、报告 [序号]主要责任者.文献题名[文献类型标识].出版地:出版者,出版年.起止页 码(任选). [1] 刘国钧,陈绍业,王凤翥.图书馆目录[m]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 1957.15-18. 期刊文章 [序号]主要责任者. 文献题名[j]. 刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码. [5] 何龄修.读顾城《南明史》[j].中国史研究,1998,(3):167-173.

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