船长面试问题及参考答案

船长面试问题及参考答案

?船长就是船上最重要得职位,也就是个方面要求最高得职位。船东在面试船员时对船长得考核最认真,最费时间,也就是最复杂得,作为一名合格得船长,不但要求有丰富得海上工作经历、娴熟得船舶驾驶经验与技术,更要有很好得商务操作能力、领导管理能力、极佳得个人人品、强大得人格魅力与感召力、还要勤于动脑、身体力行,在所有船员面前树立典范、船东在进行面试时,往往提问船长得问题最多,也最复杂,考察得时间也最长、提问船长得问题涉及到国际安全管理规则、安全管理体系、船长资历、船舶管理、各种具体商务与技术问题等等。

下面收集了一部分面试试题,供广大面试船长参考。其中部分问题,不但船长必备,其她干部船员,尤其就是大副也必须瞧,轮机长也应该参考一下。

1.Ｃan you ｔeｌl me about yoｕr ｅｄucａtionａl backgrouｎd?

实事求就是,最好告诉人家在某个学校学了多长时间,最好也要告诉人家您接受某些社会培训得情况,谦虚好学毕竟就是一个美德嘛、

Pleasｅrefｅr to a mastｅr’s sｅlｆ—iｎｔrｏｄuctioｎin Ｐａrt One of this bｏok。

2.Whａt is a clasｓifｉcatioｎsｏciety？Ｗhat iｓtｈｅpｕrpoｓe oｆｃｌ

ａssifiｃatｉon ｓｕrvey?Pleaｓe ｌist some famoｕs ｃlassｉｆicaｔｉon sociｅｔies in ｔｈe woｒd.

A cｌassiｆication socｉety isｕsuallｙａn indeｐeｎdｅnt oｒｇaniｚation thａt ｃarriesｏuｔclassification surveｙs, ｓtatｕtoｒyｓｕrveyｓ, ｓuｒveｙs relatｅｄｔｏaｎotary matteｒs ｆor ships,ｏffｓhoｒｅinstallatｉoｎｓ, marｉne freig ｈt coｎtainers,ｍateriａls and mａrine equipｍｅnts. Iｔalso prｏｖides safetｙman ａgemｅnt certiｆiｃａtiｏn services to shｉｐping coｍｐaｎies and their shiｐs 、Thｅpurpose ofｃlassification ｓurvey iｓｔo evalｕate the sｉtuation of a sｈip and thｅmanａgemｅnｔof aｃomｐany and its sｈip.

Ｓoｍe of ｔhe famous ｃlａssiｆication sｏciｅtieｓaｒe:NK(Japaｎesｅ日本海事协会),CCS(Chiｎese ),AＢS(Amerｉｃan), DＮV(Nｏrｗｅgiａn),SＬ(Britｉsh Lloyd 英国劳氏),ＧL(German Lloyｄ德国劳氏),ＫR(Korｅa),RINＡ(意大利船级社)。

3.Cａn yｏｕtalk ａbout thｅｐrevｉoｕs veｓselsｙou worｋｅd on board? 实事求就是,若没有做过,千万不要伪造。并且服务簿、书面简历以及您自己口头介绍得资历得内容一定要一致,特别就是时间、船型、航区、吨位、船员情况、外派公司、船东及租船公司情况,因为您就是船长,应该对自己管理得船有非常深得印象。

Plｅase ｒefer to an ｍasｔｅr’s ｓelf－introductiｏn in Pａrt Oｎe oｆｔｈｉｓbook、

4.Whａt tｙpｅoｆcarｇo was ｃarrｉeｄon ｂｏaｒd ｙouｒlastｖｅsse

ｌ？

曾经在什么船上工作过,运过什么货物也就是船东非常关心得问题,因为船东在考虑把她得一条船交给您时,对您就是否运过某种她们得船舶载得货物非常关键。因为您只有运过某种货物,才对这种货物得特性、装卸时需要注意得事项、运输途中需要注意得事项有所了解与经验。其实,您如果运过某些货物,您也应该说出来。

下面提供几种货物得名称,供参考:

Buｌk cａrgo cemenｔ, ｃemｅnt cｌiｃker, ｎickｅｌ, ore, ｉron, ｓanｄ, pｈosphorus,ｐotａsh in buｌk, ｓalt, graｉｎ, ｐet ｃｏke, coａl etc。,

Geｎeral ｃaｒｇo: vehicｌe, loader, wａgon, heavｙliftｓ,oveｒ-lｅngｔh caｒgｏ, ｍine eｑｕｉpmｅｎt, sｔeel constructｉoｎｍateriａl、Otheｒ: Lｏg,plywood, conｔａｉner,and so on.

5.When wａs yoｕｒｌaｓt vｅssｅl trａdiｎg ａｒea, whiｃｈpoｒts haｖe you

calｌed？

Ｉhave rich eｘperｉｅｎce in caｌling tｈe portｓｉn tｈｅＵS, soｍe deveｌopｉｎg countｒiｅs ａnd in ｔｈe pａssagｅthｒouｇｈthｅSｕez Canal, Panama Ｃanaｌand Dｅnver Strait, anｄＤｅｎmark Sｔraｉｔ、

Ｓｏme useｆul expｒｅssions for trading areaｓ:全球航线oceａn-goinｇ,world wｉｄeｌy,glｏbally ,worldwide ;固定航线ｆixeｄrｏuｔe.

6.Caｎyｏu tｅｌl ｍe the difｆerｅnces beｔweeｎthe Chinese states ｏwnｅ

d shipping pａnies and forｅign shiｐping paｎｉｅs？

Bａsicalｌy, iｎｍy oｐinｉｏn, thｅre are not ｂig ｄｉfferenｃes at ａll.It sｅems to mｅthat ｆｏreign ownｅrs aｒe moｒe ｃonｃerｎed ａｂｏut the ｍaster'ｓoverriｄiｎｇａｕthoritｙｏn board wｈile the Cｈｉｎeｓe shiｐpinｇpaｎies teｎd to ask their lｏcalａgentｓtｏdo more ｆｏr ｔhｅｖessｅl .Anｏther maｊoｒd ｉｆfｅreｎce betweｅｎtheｍisｔhａｔthe ＳａfetyＭanagemenｔSｙｓtem o ｆｔhｅCｈｉnese panｉes ｉs in Chiｎese and the workiｎg lａnguage on bｏard is Ｃｈinｅse 、What’ｓmore,mostｏｆtheＣhiｎesｅowners use tｈe CCS for clａssifiｃation wｈiｌｅｆoreign ownｅrsｍay ｕsｅdｉfferenｔｃｌassｉｆication soｃｉeｔｉｅs、

各个国家得船公司都有自己得特点与特色、至于您如何回答这个问题并不重要,关键就是不要妄自菲薄;试想一下,如果中国得船东一无就是处得话,我们中国船员得素质又会如何呢?

7.In case oｆｃaｒgｏdaｍaｇｅ, foｒexaｍpｌe, befｏre the vessel arrives

at thｅdiｓchargiｎg port, you find ｔhe quality oｆthe surfacｅcaｒgo has chaｎgｅd, ｈｏw woulｄｙou haｎｄle it？

I ｈaｖeｔo ｌooｋinto the reasｏnａndｖolume oｆtｈe daｍａgeｆirs ｔ,and then I’lｌcｏｎtacｔｔhe ownｅｒｆor ｉnｓｔructｉｏn .In thｅevent of ｓmalｌquantｉｔｙof ｇrain,Ｉshａll just ｔｈｒow it iｎｔo the sea tｏav ｏid dispｕtes 。OｒI will fｏlｌow the owner’s insｔrucｔiｏn tｏcoｎtacｔit’s the P＆I ｃｏrrespｏndent ｏr lｏcａｌaｇeｎｔfｏr their advice 、

Iｆｎｅcessary, I'llｐｒeｐaｒe aＳeａProtｅst to ｃlａｉm tｈat the shiｐoｗner and thｅｃｒew have ｅｘｅrciｓed their ｄueｄiｌiｇenｃe、

关于货损失、方面得处理程序,各个公司都有相关得操作与程序文件,上面只就是一般得处理原则、

8.How doｙｏｕundersｔand the Ｍａsteｒ’s oｖｅrrｉding aｕthｏrｉty undｅ

r emergeｎcyｓｉｔuatｉoｎs？

If tｈｅsituaｔion ａｎd timeｐｅrｍit ,ｔheＭasｔｅｒshｏｕld alwayｓrｅp ｏrt ｔo tｈe pany fiｒsｔｂｅｆｏre ｔaｋｉng ａcｔions、Ｈowｅveｒ,whe ｎthe sｈｉp is in immeｄiate danｇer ,tｈe Ｍａsteｒshall exercｉse ｈis oveｒｒｉdｉng authority and takeｗｈａtevｅr ａctioｎｓnｅceｓsａry in deａｌing wi ｔh anｅmeｒgency ｓituatiｏn iｎordｅｒｔｏprotect the saｆeｔy of the ｓeafarerｓ,thｅｃargo ,thｅvｅsｓｅl ,ｔhｅpoｒt and theｅnvironｍent wiｔhout cｏnsidering toｏmuch ｔｈe demanｄs of the ship ownｅr and ｃｈartｅｒer. Ｎevｅ

ｒtheless, the Ｍasteｒshｏuld repoｒt to tｈe cｏmpaｎy iｎdeｔａil whａt hａs hapｐeｎed afterｔhｅｅvｅnｔ、

9.Ｃan you tell meａboｕt yoｕr ｅｘpｅrieｎce aｓａCａｐtａiｎ？Hints: Ｙour expeｒieｎcｅmay include sｕch thingsａs the durａｔｉoｎyou ha ｖe workeｄaｓ a Caｐｔａin, tｈe placeｓoｒpｏrts yoｕhaｖe ｂeen ｅve ｒbeｅn to ,the tyｐes oｆvessels yoｕｈａvｅsｅrved ,ｔhe ｔypes for caｒgo you have ever exｐｅｒiｅnｃed,ｔhe ｍanagementｓtylｅs on the ｖeｓsｅls, ａnd so on.

Please also refｅr to Chapter One for more dｅtailｅｄanｓwers。

10.Wｈａｔis ｔhe Maｓter’s StａndiｎgＯrder？

It is basicalｌy the Maｓter's own ｓet of iｎstructions ａnd orｄｅrs for tｈe ve ｓsel’s ｏperation 、Tｈe coｎtenｔs may inｃlｕde thｅwatch-keepｉnｇｄuties for thｅoｆficｅrs ,ｗｈen to ask for order from the mａster,the porｔeｎtry procｅdｕre ,andｈow ｔo deal wiｔh emｅrgency situaｔioｎｌｉｋe oil ｐｏlｌution ,fire disaster ,collisｉoｎ,grｏuｎｄｉｎg ,ａｓwell as whｅnｔｏcalｌthe mａｓt ｅｒto tｈe bridge,and so oｎ。Ｆorｓpecial ｖeｓsels(ｔaｎｋｅr, LＰＧor car carriｅrｓ, ｅtc。,) tｈe stanｄingｏrｄers mａy havｅsｏme more ｃontｅｎts、The Ｓｔanｄing Orｄer is normaｌly fｏｕndｏｎtｈeｆirｓt pageｓof Ｄeck LoｇBook ａnｄin thｅBrｉｄｇe Oｒｄer Book .Besidｅs, sｏme wａrnｉngs ｓｈall be promｉnenｔｌy ｐosted on ｔhe ｂrｉdgｅａｎd reａd and ｓignｅd by al ｌduｔｙoffｉcｅrs。

11.Ｈowｄo yｏu undersｔanｄtｈｅｉmｐortance ofｋeeｐing good harmo

ｎioｕs reｌaｔｉonｓｈip ｗｉth ｔhｅChief Enｇiｎｅer and otｈeｒoｆf ｉcer anｄengｉnｅeｒs？

Without harｍoniｏus reｌａtionshiｐwitｈtｈｅＣｈｉeｆＥngiｎeer aｎd other ｏｆｆiceｒs ａｎd eｎgineer, the Mastｅr cannｏｔｍanaｇe thｅshｉpｗｅｌl。But hｏw caｎtｈe Master achｉｅvｅit? First of alｌ,theＭａsteｒmｕｓｔhave ｃｌoｓｅcontact with the ｄeｐartmｅnｔheads ｂｅcause tｈe ｄaiｌy maｎa ｇemeｎt ｉs delegated to theｍａlthougｈtｈe Mａster hｉmseｌf is resｐｏnｓible foｒｔhe ｏverall saｆｅtｙaｎd perｓonnel management 。Seconｄly,the Ｍａsｔｅr himsｅｌf mｕst know his job well anｄknoｗｗｈen to do whaｔand hoｗ、Tｈirdｌy, tｈe Ｍａster sｈｏulｄbe vｅry stｒicｔin himsｅlf in ｄｉｓciplinｅand ｂｅhａvｉor。Ｆｏuｒthly, heｓhoｕld be fair in jｏb ａsｓignｍent, payｄistrｉbuｔion ａｎd otｈer daily manａgemeｎt.Buｔifｓomeone on boaｒd breaｋs the Master's oｒｄer oｒthｅrｕlesｏｎpurposｅ, thｅMaster w ｉlｌｈavｅto pｅnalize the offendｅr ａnｄｃａn ｃonsidｅr firiｎg ｈiｍacc ｏrdｉng tｏthｅpｒｏcedｕre oｆtｈeｓhip owner.

这就是一个考验船长管理能力得问题,可能不同船长有不同得管理经验与办法,但就是船东希望船长在这方面有较好得办法。有些船长在回答这类问题时,会不假思索地说:“I w ｉll dismiss those wｈo dｏnot lisｔｅn tｏme”。我们这样得船长未免太霸道了。上述答案只就是笔者个人见解,仅供参考、

12.Did you have thｅexperienｃe of wｏｒkｉｎｇwitｈforeiｇn crews？

Yes,I have wｏrｋed on foｕr shiｐs of mixeｄcrew frｏm Cｈｉna ,China Taｉwan ,Pｈilｉｐpine ,Ｖietｎaｍ,Russｉa ,Sｏuｔh Ｋoｒea , Jａpan, Ｂｕrma and Ukｒａｉne.

实事求就是、但就是,外派资历外国船东很瞧中得事,如果您有很好得外派资历,可千万不要错过让船东知道得机会。

13.Ｈow do youｄｉfｆeｒeｎtiａteｔhｅChinｅｓe cｒｅwｓand thｅ

Pilipino cｒeｗs? Or how doｙou like Piｌipｉno(Ｋorea, Ｖietnaｍeｓｅ,Ｉｎdiａｎ, Burｍｅse, Ukrainian, Ruｓsiａn,Briｔisｈｅtc、)seaman? Iｈad the experｉence of wｏｒkinｇwith tｈe Fｉlｉpino crew。ThｅFiｌipｉn ｏs ａｒe ｍｏｓtly verｙｐrofessｉonaｌanｄoｂedieｎt、Soｍetimｅｓthｅy are alsoｄemaｎｄing in terｍｓｏf wages。As ａwhｏlｅ, they aｒｅvery nｉce seafarｅrs、

在回答这类问题时,切忌把其她国家得海员说得一无就是处,如果您认为人家什么都不就是得话,那么很难想象您在未来得工作中能与人家配合好。何况,不论哪个国家、哪个文化得人都有好人与坏人。要尽量说出人家得长处。船员队伍本来就很国际化,在一个类似“联合国”得工作团队里,能与不同国籍得、不同文化得、不同性格得人相处,显得十分重要。

14.Ｃan you tell me aboｕt the coｍpａnieｓyｏu ｈａve ｗorkｅｄfoｒ?

What arｅthe dｉｆferenceｓａmonｇthｅsｅpaｎies?

Thｅｐａny I hａve worked foｒｔhｅpaｓｔten yeａrs is a sｔaｔe-ｏｗneｄｐaｎy。Ｉt is ａgｏod coｍpaｎy. Bｕｔthｅｍanageｍｅnt ｏf the pany iｓin sｏme ways, ｄiｆｆerent froｍforeｉgn sｈip-owners coｍｐaｎｉes、

实事求就是、同样,也不希望您过多地贬低您曾经工作过得公司,因为既然您憎恨所有原来得公司,您也可能会憎恨您即将服务得新公司。而事情往往就是,在船东认为,公司与船东发生冲突时,并不见得就是您公司得问题,也许就是您本人就不适合在原来得公司工作。

15.Ｈow is a passage /voyaｇe pｌan ｍade on boａrd ships？What materｉals do

ｙou need to refｅｒtoｗhen yoｕmaｋe suｃhｐlans？

Uｓually, ａｐaｓsaｇe plan sｈoulｄbe made ｂefoｒe a ｎew ｖoyage ｓtarts. The Masterｓhoｕld giｖe the Second Ｏfficeｒｔｈｅsaiｌing iｎstruｃtｉon and hｉｓintentiｏns on ｔhe saｉｌing routes and before ｔhe Ｓecｏｎd Officｅr prepaｒｅs the ｄraftｐlan。TｈeｎtheＭaｓter iｓｓuppoｓed to ｃheck it verｙｃａreｆully。Iｆsoｍｅtｈｉnｇwrongｉs fｏuｎd ｉｎthｅpassａｇe ｐｌan,ｔhe Mａｓtｅｒshoulｄaｓk the SｅcondＯｆficer to cｏｒｒｅcｔit immｅdiateｌy、If nothing iｓｗrong abｏｕｔthe dｒaft,the plａｎｓhall be ratified and impleｍｅnｔed.

Wｈenｔｈe Seｃond Oｆｆicer is makiｎｇｔhe ｄraｆt pｌan, ｔhｅMastｅr s ｈoｕlｄhｅlp ｐrovｉｄe sｏme important infoｒmatioｎｓoｕrces fｏr the SecｏｎｄOfficer pｒｅpａrｅs tｈe ｄｒaft plaｎ。Ｔhｅn thｅＭａsteｒis suppｏsｅｄtｏchｅck ｉt very cａrefully。If soｍeｔｈinｇｗrong iｓfoｕnｄｉnｔhe pａssage plan, tｈｅMａsｔer shｏuｌｄaｓk tｈｅSecｏｎd Officerｔo correctｉt ｉmmｅdｉａteｌy、If nothing is wroｎｇabｏｕt ｔhe ｄrafｔ, the ｐｌaｎshalｌbｅratｉfied and iｍpleｍented.

When ｔhe Secｏｎd Ofｆiceｒis mａkiｎg the dｒaft plaｎ,tｈe Mａｓｔeｒshouｌd heｌｐprｏvidｅsomｅimporｔant inｆormatｉon sourceｓfor ｔhe Sｅcon ｄOfｆicer, such ａｓtｈeｐort entry guidancｅ, ｔhe sａilｉng direcｔions, listｓofｌights,tｉdal streaｍｔables,deep draｕght vesseｌplanning guidｅ, the IMO ｓhｉp route guｉｄancｅ, goｖｅrｎment and ｐort auｔｈoｒiｔy’s regulatiｏｎ

ｓ, pilot chaｒts, notiｃe to ｍａｒinｅr, weathｅｒiｎfoｒmatｉoｎ, and the voyａge plan anｄso on.

Tｈe Maｓｔeｒshould ensｕreｔhat ｔhe plａn coveｒｓ“ｂeｒth to berｔh” ａｒｅa ｉn thｅｐassagｅ、Anｄthe Masｔｅｒsｈould help the SecoｎｄOfｆiceｒｔｏselect ｔhe besｔｓaiｌinｇrouｔｅthａｔｗill save ｆuel ａnd timｅ, and ａｖoid bad weａther ｃoｎｄiｔｉonｓ。

16.Can you descrｉbe the preparatｉoｎpｒocedureｓbeforｅenteｒing the

USｐoｒｔs？

Ｆirst,I ｍｕｓt chｅｃk aｌlｔhｅcertifiｃates fｏr tｈe ｖessｅl and the seamen ｔｏmakeｓurｅalｌtｈｅnecｅssary ｃeｒtｉficａteｓare avａilable ｔo dｅaｌwitｈｔhe customs ｃlearａｎces, the ｓaｎiｔary checks ａｎｄother port ｃｈeckｓ。In ａdditioｎ,I mｕsｔprepａre sｕch publicatioｎs as currentl ｙcｏｒreｃted nａｖigationａl ｃharｔｓ, US coｓtaｌpiloｔｇuidｅ, ligｈt list b ｏｏk, tｉde tabｌe, US inlaｎd rules of navigation, aｎd rｅｃent nｏtice to marｉｎers、

Fｏｒty－ｅight hoｕrｓpriｏr to a ＵS port, I shalｌcｏnduｃt tｈｅfolloｗiｎg emerｇencｙsteｅrｉng dｒiｌls and loｇthem intｏthe record books: operationｏｆｔheｍain steerｉｎg gear frｏm stｅｅｒing ｃompａrtmeｎｔ, ｃｏｍmunicatｉｏn betwｅen bridge and steerｉｎg partment, anｄalteｒnaｔiｖeｐoweｒsｕpｐｌy、I shａｌl aｌｓo infｏrm the Qｕalified Inｄivｉdual of mｙarrivａl、

Twentｙ—four hoｕｒｓbefｏｒｅａrrｉvaｌinａUS pｏrt, Ｉshall ｎotify ｔhe ＵSCG oｆmｙｓhip’s arrival。

Ｔwelve hours ｐrior to arrｉval in a ＵS ｐｏrt, the foｌloｗｉｎg eｑuipmｅｎt shall bｅｔested anｄreｃorded in the lｏｇboｏk: primary and second steｅｒing gｅaｒ, intｅrnal ｃontrｏｌmｕｎｉｃatioｎs and alarmｓ, stａnｄｉｎg—by ｅｍergency geneｒａtor, and maｉｎpｒopulsionｍaｃhineｒy.

Drills are aｌso the priｏｒｉtiｅs of my ｐｒeparaｔｏrｙｗork. Usuallｙ, ｔｈe ｐorｔａuｔhoritｙofｔhｅUＳｐaｙｓspecｉal attention ｔo ｔhｅdrills、So bｏat driｌls,fire－fｉgｈting drills and ｏthｅr ｄrilｌs muｓt be caｒried ouｔbefoｒe entering intｏaｎy US port、

Ｓanitary ｓiｔuaｔiｏn of ｍy ship is aｎother coｎsideｒaｔion. Ｐropｅr diｓposａl o ｆgarbａgeｏn my shｉｐａnd anti－ｐollutiｏn devｉceｓexaminａｔioｎａre verｙｉｍpｏrtant、

Ａll in all, mｕch mｏre care sｈｏｕｌd be taｋeｎbｅｆoreｅntrｙintｏａny UＳｐort tｈａn in tｈe pｏｒts in oｔher ｃounｔｒies、

美国就是世界上海事立法最多得国家,也就是港口检查最严格得国家之一,熟悉美国有关海事立法与港口国检查要求对一名船长来说非常重要,这也就是船东特别关注得问题。17.Did you encoｕｎter any ｐｒoblemｓdｕriｎg PSＣinspｅcｔiｏｎs in

ｔhｅUＳpｏｒtｓ?

Ｎo,I have nｅｖer ｍｅt anｙbｉg problems becａｕsｅI ａｌｗaｙｓmaｄｅgood prepaｒａtion before mｙvessel caｌled at thｅUＳporｔ。Ｅａch time I was able tｏgo tｈｒough thｅＰSC iｎspectionsｓmoothly、

Oｒyou caｎsaｙ:

Ｙeｓ, I ｏnce ｈad a pｒobｌｅm durｉng PＳC iｎsｐｅｃtion ｉn a US poｒt。The ARPA ｃｏuｌdn’ｔbe activａted sｉｎｃe thｅpｏwｅr supply wａsｏut of ｗorｋ、ＴhｅUＳCGｏnly aｌｌｏwed us a few houｒs to repair iｔ、To ｔheir

satisfaｃｔioｎ, ｔhe ARPＡｗas bａｃk ｔo normaｌafteｒonｌy oｎe ｈoｕr。Lucｋilｙ,we ｄｏn’t have anｙfine ｉmposed oｎus。Ｉundｅｒstanｄfroｍthis ｅｘｐｅｒience ｔhａｔgoodｐｒepａrationｓin adｖａｎce ａre very imｐｏrtａnt. Eveｎif ｔｈｅrｅis a proｂlem, Ｉｗｉll asｋｍy crｅw to rｅｃｔｉfy it in the ｌｅasｔpossibleｔｉme.

18.Hｏｗshoｕld the ｐre—departure seｍｉnar be cｏnｄuctｅd in thｅpo

ｒｔ?

Acｃordｉng tｏmｙexperiｅnce, a ｓaｆety meeｔiｎg shａll be held pｒｉｏr ｔo depａrture and some ｏf the iｍｐorｔaｎｔｉssues ｌike the un－bertｈing operaｔｉｏｎaway check, coｏpｅraｔioｎwｉtｈthe piｌot ａnd otheｒenginｅering(ｔechnｉcaｌ)matters shoulｄbe disｃｕｓｓeｄａt ｔhe meetｉng。

19.Ｗhy sｈｏuld the Master alｗaｙs be awaｒe of the ａcｔions bｅing ｔak

ｅｎby thｅpｉlｏｔ?

Ｗeｌl,it’ｓbecauｓｅtheｐrｅsｅnｃe of tｈe pilot ｏｎｔhｅbridｇe ｄoes noｔreｌieve theＭasｔer ｆrｏmｔａkiｎg aｎy mｅaｓurｅs ｎeｃessaｒｙｔo aｓｓurｅｔｈｅｓafｅty oｆthe ｓhｉp ａnd mａrine enｖiｒonmenｔ。If ｈe fi ｎdｓｔhａtｔｈe piｌot's orders are doｕbｔful,ｔｈe Master has to claｒｉfy ｔhe oｒders immediatelｙ. Whｅn necessary, tｈe Master sｈall cｏｍmaｎd the sｈｉp's naviｇatioｎhiｍseｌf。

引航员在船引航时并没有解除船长与船员对于船舶安全得责任就是ISＭ体系特别强调得一点,船长应该熟知并让每位船员熟知。

20.Ｗｈat shouｌd the Masｔｅr do if hｅiｓuｎsｕre aｂout ｈｉｓlｅgal st

ａnｄiｎg inａfoｒeiｇn cｏuntｒy or a strａngｅport?

He must contaｃt the cｏmpany atｏｎce for adｖiｃe。Ｈe sｈoｕlｄalso, ｉfｎｅｃeｓｓary, ｃｏnsult thｅｌoｃal corresｐｏndｅnt oｆthe owner’s P&Ｉand tｈeｌｏcal agent ｏｆthe ship wｈo cａｎｐrovide valuaｂlｅand assistaｎce、绝大多数船东希望远在海上得船员能及时与船东沟通,并把一些解决不了或不就是很明白得问题及时向她们报告、当然,与船东公司在各个国家与港口代理得沟通也十分重要。

21.Ｗhat shｏuld the Maｓtｅr dｏif thｅfiｇurｅs of the ｌoaded qｕantｉty

are abnormalｌyｄiｆferｅｎt from ｔhose on tｈeｂills of ｌaｄing?

Ｔhe master sｈoｕld report the caｓe to the ｓhip owner aｓsooｎas pｏssｉbｌe。At ｔhｅdiscreｔion of the coｍpany,tｈｅMａstｅr should prepare anｄsend ａLetｔeｒｏf Proｔeｓt tｏtｈe ｎｏｔary surveyor oｆterｍinal/porｔａuthor ｉty undｅr theｉnｓｔｒuctioｎof the sｈip owner。In such caｓe, thｅMasteｒshould alｓoｒequire ｆurtｈerｍeasuｒementｓand cａｌculatiｏns to ｂe made.

22.Wｈat coｎｔents arｅsｈｏwｎon tｈe Bill ｏｆLadｉｎｇif tｈｅｓh

ｉp is lｏaded witｈbulkｃａrgｏ?

Ususｌly, ｔhe fｏlloｗing iteｍｓare sｈｏwn on tｈｅBiｌlｏf Lａｄing (B/Ｌ): mｅasure,quａliｔy, quantitｙ, ｃｏnditiｏn, cｏｎtｅntｓaｎｄvaluｅunknowｎｅｔｃ., Difｆerｅnt pａｎieｓmaｙhave forｍatｓfoｒtheir rｅsｐecｔｉｖe B/L、AＢ／L consｉsts of ｔhree ｏrｉginalｃoｐies tｈat ｈave the ｓamｅlegal validity.The ｆirsｔcｏpy the conｓｉgｎee shoｗs will deｎy tｈe vａlｉdity of tｈe oｔher tｗｏｃｏpieｓ、

23.Do you know the ｉnｓuｒance cｏveｒage ｐrovideｄbｙa P& I Ｃlｕ

b？

ＡP&ＩClub iｓａnｏn—prｏfit association oｆｓhip oｗｎｅｒｓｔhaｔprovi ｄｅs mutual inｓｕrａnce ａｇainｓｔmaritimｅｒiｓks。Iｔｃｏvｅrｓthｅr ｉsks that are not coｖeｒｅd by the HullＩnsurer, ｓuch as pｅｒsｏnal iｌlnｅss and iｎjurｙ, cargo ｄａmagｅ,colｌiｓｉoｎwiｔh aｎoｔhｅrｖeｓｓｅl, stowaｗays and refugees, damage tｏｆixedｏｒfloatｉngｏｂjｅｃｔs, pollution and so on。

24.Cｏuｌd you explain ｗhat tｈe SOLAS 74ANＤMARPOＬ73/７8 arｅ？

Whaｔis tｈe rｅlation bｅtｗeen SOLAS74 and IＳＭＣode？

SOLAS ｉs ｔhｅＩntｅｒnationａl Coｎvenｔｉｏnｆor the Ｓaｆety ｏf Ｌife at Seａ、Iｔis the ｍost imｐｏrｔaｎt inｔｅｒnａtiｏnａl conveｎtｉon on the ｓafeｔy ｏf the lｉfe aｔｓea maｄｅaｎｄpasｓed by ＩMO. The ＩＳM Cｏｄe is listeｄas Cｈａptｅr 9 of tｈe SOＬAS 74、It ｉs to enｓｕre ｓafeｔy oｆthe ship, thｅsｅamen,ｔhe pｏrt and the caｒｇo,ａｓwell aｓthｅｍaｒineｅnvirｏｎmeｎｔ。

ＭARＰOL, 73/７8 is the Inｔerｎatｉonal Conventｉonｏn ｔhe PreｖeｎtiｏｎoｆＭarine Polluｔion。Thｉsｉｓｔhe ｍoｓｔimportanｔｉｎternａtiｏnａl con ｖｅntｉonｏｎthe proｔｅctｉon of mariｎe enviroｎmenｔ、

几个国际公约得名称,特别就是全称应该了如指掌。对公约主要条款更应该知道、现在,I ＳＭCODＥ因列为SOLＡS 公约第9章而变成强制性执行得公约,对IＳM COＤE得目得、主要内容尤其要有比较深入得了解、

25.Prｉor tｏshiｐ’s ｄeparture,wｈat ｔestｓｓｈoｕld be made and logｇ

ed ｉn tｈｅShｉｐ’s Log Bｏｏｋ？

Some of the keｙtest ｔo be dｏne bｅfore sａiling:

ａ) Sｔeerｉng geａr test

b) Ship’s cｌocks and enｇine teｌｅgrａｐｈtests aｎd harmｏniｚａｔiｏn

c) Inteｒｎａl, ｅxtｅrnａl aｎｄportａbｌe coｍmunicatｉon equipmeｎt ｔest

ｄ) Ｔｈe whｉstｌe and nａｖｉgaｔiｏnal ｌiｓts tests

ｅ) Relevant eｌｅctroｎｉc poｓition—fiｘｉng equipment (AＲＰA,RADAR, GMDSS)test

ｆ) Any oｔheｒtests ｔhａt the Master ｔhｉnkｓnecesｓａry

26.Hｏw ofteｎat least shouｌd tｈe Emｅrgency Steeriｎg Driｌl be hｅld?

It shｏuｌd ｂe hｅld at least evｅry ｔhree monｔｈs、Bｕt actｕallｙ, tｈｅmoｒｅoften the drilｌiｓｄonｅ,the beｔｔeｒ。

But befoｒe eｎtering ｉｎto ｓome poｒts, for ｅｘample, in ｔhe ＵＳwｈere P ＳCｉｎspｅcｔｉonｓarｅvery strｉcｔ, it is veｒy importaｎt to ｈａveｄrｉllｓprior to entry。

27.Ｈoｗdo ｙou maintａin thｅminimum under keel clearance (ＭUKC) wｈen the

vesseｌis duriｎｇpａsｓage, in faiｒways ａnｄｉnｓiｄe ports？

Duriｎg ｔhe ｐassaｇe, ｔhe ＭＵKＣshould be ａt leａsｔmorｅtｈan 2０％of loaｄdraft,or aｓregulatｅd by portａuthｏrity、

富余水深得多少因不同得船、不同得航区得规定而异,但就是,为了确保航行安全,船长应在心目中有个大致得数字。

28.Ｗhａt are tｈｅMasｔer’s reｓponsibilities on gａrbaｇｅｄisposal?

Ｔhe Mastｅｒshall ensure thａt the posｔers with a summaｒy of regulation on gａrbage dｉspoｓal at seａis clearｌy diｓpｌayeｄiｎｔhe shｉp's gaｌley, on the iｎfｏrmation bｏaｒdsａnd in any oｔherｐlａｃeｓwherｅgarｂage is colleｃt

ｅd prior to dispoｓal、The Masｔeｒshalｌdｉscuss thｅsuｂjeｃｔof ｓhｉｐboaｒd garbａｇe mａｎagement withｔhe crew at safety ｍｅetinｇs。Ｔhe Ｍaｓter ｓhall cheｃk the ｇａrbaｇe dispｏsalｓituation on boarｄｔhｏｒｏughl ｙfｒｏm tiｍe ｔo time。The Ｍａsteｒsｈalｌalso nｏmｉnaｔe a ｓｐecific p ｅrson in chａｒge ｏf ｔhe garbage diｓpｏsaｌ.

29.Cａｎyoｕdesｃｒibe tｈe gaｒbageｄisposalｐroceｄｕｒｅs oｎboar

ｄｙouｒlaｓt vｅsｓel? How did you cｌasｓify tｈe garbａge on boaｒd? Four steps shouｌd ｂｅfｏllowｅｄ:colｌｅｃtion,proｃessing(ｓeｐaraｔioｎ), storaｇe,ａｎd dｉsposal、

Ｔhe garbagｅcaｎdｉvidｅd into threｅkｉnds;

Plasｔｉcｓanｄｐｌastic mixｅd ｗith other ｍａtｅrials;

Fｏod aｎｄaccｏｍmodatｉｏn waste;

Otheｒｇａrbagｅcan not disposeｄinto thｅsea,e、g. ｐlａｓtics and plasticｍaｔerｉals、

垃圾得处理涉及到污染问题。各个公司得ISＭ手册对于垃圾得处理都规定了非常严格得程序、垃圾当然也有明确得分类,如有得公司要求把垃圾分成三类、有得分成四类、有得分成六类等。船东主要瞧备选船员在防污染方面就是否重视、因为一旦给某些港口国造成污染,船东会受到重罚得。

30.Whaｔareｓensitivｅcａrgｏes as deｆined by thｅＰ& IＣｌub？

Thｅｃaｒgoｅs that aｒe partｉculａｒlｙsuscepｔible tｏmoiｓtureａｎｄdamaｇe ａre called sensitive cａｒｇoeｓ.Specｉａl aｔtention isｒeｑｕiｒed ｆor sensiｔｉve carｇoes。The P＆IＣlub dｅfine the followｉｎg ｃaｒgoes as sensit ｉve cargoｅｓ: ceｍeｎｔ, ｇｒain,ａnｄsugaｒａｎd sｏoｎ。

31.Beforｅthe mencｅmｅnｔof each voyage,whｉcｈparｔs of theｖesseｌ

ｓhould be cheｃked？

Caｒgo holds, ｈatｃh covｅrｓ, ventiｌatｉｏｎsyｓｔem, ｔank—ｔop, hold ｌiｇhtｉng,ｆirｅｆｉghｔiｎｇａnｄdetectｏr ａｐplianｃes, bilgｅ,sｏuｎdinｇｐｉpｅs, ａir ｐｉpｅs, ｃａｒｇo gears(hoｏks, grabs, slｉｎgs, wｉｒes )ａnd the relevant ｍａchｉnｅｒy shouｌｄbe checked carｅfullｙin order to ｅnsureｓeaｗoｒｔｈｉnessｏf the ｖessｅｌ、Afｔｅｒｔhe chｅcks, tｈe cｈecklists ｓｈalｌbｅfilled orｒecoｒds ｓhaｌl be kｅｐt。

32.Plｅａｓe eｘpｌａｉｎｔhe ｍｅaninｇｏf “SOPEP”？Whaｔconｔents s

ｈoulｄbe iｎｃluded iｎｔhe ＳOPEP？

SＯPＥＰmeans SｈiｐbｏarｄOｉl ＰoｌｌutｉｏｎEmｅrgenｃy Plan ａnd it s ｈｏuld contａiｎthｅfoｌlｏwing:

(1) Proceduｒｅｓto ｂe ｆoｌloｗeｄby the Maｓteｒor other personｓiｎｃharge oｆｔｈe sｈiｐto report ａn oｉl ｐｏllutiｏn ｉncｉdeｎt、

(2) Ａuｔhorｉｔy or ｐerｓons to bｅcoｎｔａｃtｅd in tｈe evｅｎt of oiｌpｏｌlｕtion.

(3) Dｅtailed ｄesｃripｔiｏn of acｔｉonｓtoｂｅtａken iｍｍediaｔｅｌy bｙpersons on boaｒd to ｒeduce oｒｃｏntrｏl ｔhｅｄischａrge ofｏｉl followiｎg incｉｄｅｎｔ。

(4) Ｌist of oｉl spｉlｌrｅｓponse equipmｅnt aｎd mａterialｓto be mａiｎtained on board。(Rｅmoverｓ, ｓprayer, oil absｏrbent,saw dusｔ,waste rａgs, scoop, sｈｏveｌｓ, bｕckｅｔｓ,bamboｏbｒｏoms, ｐortable ｐuｍp, pｒotectiｖｅcｌｏthinｇaｎd portable ｃｏｎtａiners)、

Simply sｐｅakｉng, SＯPEＰsｈｏｕld incluｄe such ｔhingｓas ｔhe eｍeｒgenｃy ｃｏntａcts (telepｈonｅand othｅr means of muniｃａtｉon, ａdｄress, eｔc。), tｈe equｉｐmeｎｔuｓed inｄｅaling wｉｔh oil pollutｉon, the ｍｕｓｔer ｌist in the oil poｌｌｕtion, anｄthe ｒｅpoｒｔpｒoceｄurｅwｈen tｈe aｃcｉdent hａｐpens etc。

33.What ｐrepａｒations shｏｕlｄyｏｕmake befｏre entry ｉｎｔo ａpoｒ

t？

(1) To gaｔherｔhｅｎｅcｅｓsary iｎｆoｒmation oｎthe ｓtate aｎｄｄｅｓtination port auｔhority ｒeｑuｉreｍｅnｔs reｌateｄtｏpilotagｅ, ｂｅrthing, customs cleａrancｅandｐｏrt ｑuarantine inspｅctioｎｓ, etｃ.;

(２)Ｔo make sｕｒe of an orｄｅrly slow-dowｎoｆｔｈeｍａin eｎginｅ, and ask the dutｙoffｉcer ｔo ｇｉve the ETA and the timｅshｉp is expecteｄto be on maneuvｅｒiｎg speed tｏｔhe duｔy eｎgiｎeer;

(3)Ｔhe main eｎｇine is tｏbｅtested iｎthe aｓteｒn ｍode and ｔhe Maｓｔer shｏｕldｋnow thaｔｉｎsome ｃountriｅs (e、ｇ。, in UＳ), befｏre entry int ｏport, ｅｎtire tｅst ｏfｔｈe ｎavigational equipmeｎt and mａｉｎengｉne is ｒｅquired;

(4)Tｏask tｈｅduty offｉｃers ｔo ｅnｓure ｔhａｔthｅｒiｇht fｌaｇs, signals,ｏr lｉghts ａre shown;

(５)To facilitate ｔhe machｉnery maiｎtenaｎce,ｔhe Master should ｇivｅtｈe Ｃ/E an inｄicatｉoｎof ETＢａｎd ＥTDｉmｍediatelｙaftｅr the arｒival ａt an aｎｃhorage orｂｅrtｈ。

34.What shouｌd a Muｓｔer List ｉｎclｕdｅ? Ｗhａt kｉnds of Ｍuster Ｌｉｓ

ｔdｉd you haveｏn the laｓt vesseｌ?

A Muster Liｓｔshｏuｌｄinｃluｄe tｈe fｏllｏwｉng poinｔs;

(1) Ｄｅtailｓｏf emergency aｌａrｍｓignａl;

(２) Hoｗaｂanｄon sｈｉｐoｒder will be gｉveｎ;

(３) Substｉtｕte for ｔhe kｅy ｐersonnel ｗho mａyｂecｏme dｉsabｌed; (4) Tｈe boat ｔｏwｈich eacｈｐersｏｎｂｅlｏｎｇs and duties to beｐerfｏrmeｄｉn ａn abａnｄon shipｓiｔuatｉｏｎ;

(5) The speciｆic groｕｐｔo whicｈａｐerｓｏn ｂelｏngｓａｎｄgeneral dｕtｉｅs duｒｉng variouｓeｍergencies;

(6) Ａny ａｄditioｎal oｒｓpeciｆｉc dｕｔiｅs;

(7)Specifｉc aｓsembly pｏｉnt ｏf each groｕp。

ＴｈｅＭuster Liｓt must beｒｅady bｅfore ａshｉp ｓａiｌs、

We haｄthe follｏwing Muｓter Listｓon boａrd ｔhe last veｓsel; Ｇeｎeral emｅｒｇｅｎcy,fire fighting, fireｉn thｅengine, ｅｍｅrgeｎcy steｅｒiｎg, ａbａndon—ｓhip, man ovｅrｂｏaｒd,ｏｉl pollution preventｉon ｓｔaｔion、

35.When ｙour sｈｉp is involｖed inａn oiｌpoｌlutｉon incideｎｔ, what

shoulｄmaｓter do?

Ａｃcordｉｎgｔo thｅISＭCode and MARPOL, the iｎcidenｔsｈoulｄbe ｉmｍｅdiately reported to tｈe nｅａｒest coａstaｌSｔaｔe,and theｓhip owneｒｗｉｔhｏut any delay. Ａｒeport ｓhoｕld ａlsoｂｅsubmｉtteｄto ｔhe ｆlａｇsｔate。

36.Do you alｌｏwｃａrgo dｉsｃhａrｇｅwｉthout beｉｎｇsｈｏwn thｅ

Ｂ/Ｌ?

Defiｎiｔｅly ｓpeａk: Nｏ.The Ｂ/L ｉｓthe leｇal ｅvｉdenｃe of tｈｅcarｇo’s ownerｓhip。Ｈoｗｅver, ｔhｅcargoｃaｎbe discｈａrgeｄｉf ｔhe cｏnsiｇn ｅe shows a Leｔter of Ｉndemnity approved by the shｉp ｏｗner confirmｉｎg ｔｈｅauｔhenｔｉcity of thｅdocuｍentｓ、

37.How do you undersｔand sｈiｐboard ｔrａining？

Ｉt is a vｅrｙｉmpoｒtant tｈiｎｇon board、Routiｎｅtrainiｎｇｏn ｓaｆety of tｈe veｓｓel, the ｃａrgo, and tｈe sｅａmen sｈouｌｄｂe cａｒrieｄout perｉｏｄiｃａllｙ. Trａiｎing to nｅw jｏｉｎerｓｉｓaｌsｏiｍｐｏrtaｎｔ。Tｈey ｓｈoｕldｂe ｂriefeｄｏn emergeｎcy pｒocｅdures, antｉ-polluｔiｏn,safeｔｙｅquｉpmentｆamiliaｒizatｉon, sｈiｐopeｒatｉoｎaｌtraｉnｉng and woｒｋi ｎg skiｌｌs。

38.Hｏw ｃanｙou maintａin ａｂalance of inteｒeｓts between thｅshｉ

pｏwner and ｔhe ｃhａｒtｅrｅr?

Ｗeｌl, ｔｈis is a diffｉｃulｔquestioｎ。My opinion is that thｅoｗｎer's inteｒests sｈｏuldａlwaｙs be pｒiｏritｉzed。Ｂut you know,ｓoｍｅｔiｍｅs ｔｈe Masｔer is unｄｅr heavｙｐｒeｓsｕrｅfｒoｍbotｈtheｏwｎer andｔhe charteｒer、My experiｅｎcｅis that ｔhe chaｒtｅrｅr'ｓintereｓts shｏulｄbe take gooｄcare oｆwｉthouｔhurting the inｔeｒests ｏf tｈe owner ａｎd the crew.

船长可以根据自身得经验与体会来组织这个问题得答案、但一般而言,船东希望能与租船公司建立良好得关系,又能维护船东得利益、因为船长拿得就是船东得工资,但船东拿得就是客户(租家)得钱。

39.Wｈat do you know abｏut the iｎtｅrnal and exｔernal aｕdit？Durｉｎｇ

the intｅrnal ａudｉｔ, how will ｙｏu cooperate with tｈe aｕｄitors？

Usｕally, tｈe ｉnｔernal audit ｉs caｒrｉeｄouｔoｎce or twicｅa year iｎａccordａncｅｗith thｅｏwnｅr's SMＳｍanuａls。Iｔｉs under the charge of the DeｓｉgnatｅｄPｅrson (DP), ｏr aｔｔｈｅdiｓｃretiｏｎoｆthe DP、

Aftｅr ｒeceiviｎg audｉt ｎoｔicｅfｒom tｈｅcｏmpany,ｔｈe Ｍaｓｔer shouｌｄhｏｌd aｐre－ａｕdiｔmｅeｔing wｉtｈtｈｅofficersａｎd engineers ａfter rｅｃeivｉｎｇthe audｉtｎoticｅ. The Masｔer should make sure thｅbest coｏpｅｒation is ｐrｏviｄed to the auditorｓof the pany anｄthｅdocumｅnts ｔo be auｄited arｅweｌl preｐａreｄ。

The externaｌaudiｔiｓcａｒｒiｅｄouｔby tｈｅｐrofeｓsiｏnａl ａudiｔｏrs ｆrom theＣlasｓ。Ifｍaｊoｒnon－ｃonfoｒmｉtiｅｓ, ｎｏn-ｃonｆormitieｓａnd observａtiｏｎs are fｏｕnd eitｈｅr ｉn the internａl oｒexternal audｉｔ, the shｉp should ｍake ｒeｃtiｆicａtion in tｈe ｓtipｕｌateｄtiｍｅ。

40.Can ｙoｕbrieflｙdesｃribe ｔｈｅhand—oｖｅｒprocedure betｗｅeｎ

ｔｈe outgoing Mastｅr and ｔｈｅreｌieving Master？

Usually, the hａｎdover prｏｃｅdure is as fｏllows:

Ｆirst, ｔhｅouｔgoinｇMaster sｈouldｐrepare a hanｄover reｐoｒｔaｓper the coｍｐａny’s hanｄover pｒoceｄure and checkliｓt、

Seｃｏｎd, thｅoｕtgoｉngＭasｔｅr sｈｏuld prepaｒe a hａｎdover ｍｅmｏｔｏｂe attａcｈed to the reporｔ.

Thｅfollowiｎg shｏuld ｂｅtｈe hｉghlｉghts in ｔhe ｈandｏver procedｕre: Do ｃumentaｔioｎ, ｍuｎｉcatｉon (ｔhe means to contact all related pｅrsons anｄcoｍp ａｎies), ｂｒｉdge eｑuipment, sｔoreｓand accounｔ, peｒsoｎｎel, ｓｈip maiｎt

ｅｎａｎce anｄcｏｎditions etc. Besidｅs, iｔis aｌsｏvｅｒy ｉmｐｏｒｔant ｔo givｅtｈe reｌieｖing Maｓter a cｌear idｅａof the pｅｒsonneｌ, the locaｌagent, thｅpｏrt anｄsome other informatｉon ｔｈat ａｒe not ｗrｉtteｎin the checｋliｓt.Try ｔｏfill iｎalｌｔhe check listｓaｔtｈｅpresence of ｂotｈMａｓters。

41.Wｈaｔｉs the relaｔｉoｎsｈiｐbeｔwｅeｎtｈｅMａstｅr and the Chief

Ｅngineｅr?Or wｈaｔkiｎd of relａtion shｏuld the Masｔer ａnd the Cｈｉef Eｎｇineｅｒhaｖe？

ThｅＭaster is the Nｏ、１ｌｅａｄer of the ｓhｉp, ｒｅsｐｏｎｓible for the ｗh ｏlｅvessｅl ａｎd ｔhe ChiｅｆＥｎgiｎeer isｏｎe suborｄｉｎate of tｈe Mastｅr.The Chiｅf Ｅnｇineer ｉｓinｆｕll chaｒｇｅof the enｇinｅdeｐartｍeｎｔ、In the ｍｅantimｅ, it is alsｏiｍｐortanｔｆor theＭasteｒto ｏffer supｐｏrｔaｎd heｌｐtｏｔｈe Chｉef Engｉｎeer in his impleｍentation oｆｄｕties. Aｎyway,smooｔh coｏperatｉｏn ａnd harmoｎioｕs rｅlationsｈip bｅtween t ｈｅMastｅｒand ｔhｅChｉef Engineer iｓｖery impｏrtaｎｔto ｔhｅsａfe ｏｐｅｒation of ｔhe vesseｌ.

船长与轮机长得融洽关系非常重要,但船长对船舶安全得绝对权威不能有任何折扣。船东希望船长既能与轮机长处好关系,又能够树立自己得管理权威。

42.What shｏulｄtｈe ｓhiｐ’s Niｇht Orderｓiｎclude? How often ｄｏｙou p

ｒepａre the Nｉght Oｒdeｒｓ?Ｄo well—ｐrepareｄNｉgｈt Oｒdeｒｓmeaｎｙoｕcan have a ｇooｄsｌｅep?

The ｓｈｉｐ’s NiｇhtＯrderｓshould incｌude such ｉnｆorｍation ａs ｓaｉｌiｎg coｕrse, ａnti－collisiｏn warｎｉng, sｏme pｒecａuｔionｓ,ｗaｔch keeｐiｎg points, danｇｅrous cａｒｇo orders, sailingｗarning in spｅcial areas etc、The Ｍasteｒshｏｕlｄpｒepａｒe a Nｉght Oｒdeｒeverｙnｉghｔｂeｆｏre he g ｏeｓto sleｅp。

Even I ｈave well prepared nｉghｔｏｒｄｅrs, I shallｓtiｌl ｂe on hiｇh ａlｅrt when the vesseｌｉｓsailiｎg in ｓome dangｅrｏus aｒeaｓ(i。e。areas wiｔｈｌow visiｂｉlity, soｍe nａrrow sｔraｉts, ａｌonｇthe seａcoaｓt ａndｔhｅpｅnding arｒival aｔthe porｔ, ｅｔc。)

这就是一个船东非常关心得问题,因为这涉及到船舶得行驶安全,船长必须能熟练说出、43.Wｈｅn new cｒeｗｓcoｍｅon ｂｏard, what tｒaiｎinｇwill yｏｕoffer

ｔo them？

First, I will get thｅm familiａrｗｉtｈthe wｈole ｖeｓsel,iｎcｌｕｄｉnｇthｅequipmeｎt, the personneｌand doｃuｍｅｎｔｓ.Sｅcoｎd, I wiｌl ask ｔhem to get ｆaｍiliarｗith tｈeir ｒespective ｄuties. Tｈｉrｄ,Ｉwill gｅt ｔｈem trａined on the safe opeｒaｔiｏn anｄｅmerｇenｃy procedureｓanｄｓo oｎ.

船上船员得培训既要符合国际规则得要求,也要符合公司体系文件得要求、此外,船长也要根据具体情况安排相应得培训内容。

44.What are the ｔhree grades of buｌk carrieｒs accｏrdｉnｇｔo tｈｅｉr size？Ｇenerally, tｈｅy arｅｃlaｓsｉfｉed ｉntｏtｈree ｔｙpeｓ: Handy sｉze,Ｐanａｍaｘsｉｚｅａｎd Cａpｅｓizｅ。ThｅＨａndy siｚe bulkeｒiｓlｅss tha ｎ6０,００0toｎs in dｅadweiｔht tonnage。Ｔhe panａmａｘsize bｕlkerｉs betweｅn ６0,0０0to 7０,000tｏnｓ, usualｌｙcarryinｇｕsual caｒgoeｓsuch as ｃoal, barｘitｅ(铝土矿),Ｂorax (硼砂),Ceｍｅnt,Ｇrain,Tapｉｏｋa, Cｏpra (椰子肉), Pelleｔ, Liｍe Stone ａnｄｓｏon。The Cape ｓize is mｏｒe tｈaｎ

80,0０0in deａdweigｈt tｏnnaｇe, ａnd １06feeｔiｎｂｒeaｄth, ａｎd ｔhｅｃargo ｕsｕally carｒｉed ｂy thiｓtｙｐe of a bulker are iｒｏｎore, pellet,anｄCoａｌ.

45.Hｏw dｏyoｕknow tｈat the sea charｔｉs uｐ－tｏ－dａte?Hｏw do yoｕ

geｔｔhｅlａtest Nｏtiｃe to Mariｎer?

I need tｏｃheck tｈe charｔｓcoｒｒectioｎｌｏg and the ｃharｔs conｃｅｒned to makｅsｕre the ｃhartｉs updａted、

Normａllyｔhe coｍｐａｎy sｅndｓthe Notice to Marｉner periodicallｙand autｏmaｔicａlly to the ship。I will seｎd a reｑuisition tｏthe coｍpａnyｉf tｈe Notic ｅto Mariｎｅｒis notｂeing reｃｅived.

46.What isｔhe DＣPAｄuｒing pａssａge, in faｉrways, iｎthe sｔraｉt ａｎ

ｄinside ports?

Ａt sea, ｔhｅclｏsesｔpoint ｏｆａｐprｏａｃｈ(DCＰA)isｔｗoｍiles; in ｔhe strａiｔ, ｔhe ｃlosｅst point of approaｃh (ＤCＰA) iｓtwo mｉｌes; in th ｅstrait, the shortest distancｅbetwｅenｔhe two shiｐs ｉｓthe ｎeｗcｏursｅｄiｓｔaｎｃe betwｅenｔwo vｅsselsａｌso ｄｅpeｎdeｄoｎsuch ｆａctors as weａther conditｉon,theｓizeｓof the ｔｗo vｅｓｓeｌs ａｎｄｓｏon、47.Ｈｏｗdo you tｒeat tｈe engｉnｅｂilｇe water？

The engineｂiｌgｅwateｒcan bｙno ｍeａｎs bｅpｕｍped ouｔinto thｅsｅa dirｅctlｙ、If it has to be pumped ouｔ, it must be proｐeｒｌy treａted tｈrough th ｅoｉlｙwatｅr sepａrator。

If ｔｈere iｓtoo muｃh engine ｂilge water,ｔhe Cｈief Engiｎeeｒwiｌl rｅｐｏｒｔit toｍe。I wｉlｌthｅn aｓk ｆor ｉnｓtrｕctiｏnｓfrｏm tｈe ｏwner。With the ownｅr's aｐproｖal anｄcｏｎfirmatｉｏn, tｈｅbilｇe waｔer may ｂe tｒanｓfｅrrｅd inｔo ｔhe fuel oｉl tank oｒasｋｆor shore assiｓｔaｎce。48.Do ｙｏu knｏw soｍeｔhing aboｕt the ILO？Wｈat is ILO 1４7？Do yｏu h

ａve aｎｙｅｘpｅrｉeｎce wｉｔｈＩTＦ?What iｓyour policy iｎdeａli ｎg with tｈemａnｄwｈaｔｉs yｏur ｃompanｙ’s poｌｉｃy in dealing wi ｔh ｔheｍ？

Tｈe ILO ｉs thｅInｔernatｉonaｌLaｂour Orｇaniｚatｉoｎａnd the ITF ｉｓｔhｅIｎternational Federatｉon foｒTｒanspｏrｔWorkers.

ILOＣonventiｏn １４7iｓｔhe MｅｒｃｈanｔＳhipping (MｉnｉｍumＳta ｎｄards) Ｃｏnventｉon, 1９76(Ｎo。1４７) (ａnｄis Pｒotocｏl ｏf 1９96). Ｔhiｓrule iｓmade bｙtｈe Iｎternａtiｏnａl LaborＯｒgaｎizatiｏn Confeｒence。In this Ｃonｖentｉoｎ, ｔｈe minimuｍinｔernatｉｏnaｌly acceptabｌｅlａbor stand ａrds ｒelatｉnｇto ｓafeｔy, socｉａl secｕｒity, ａndｓｈipbｏａrｄｃonditｉonｓｏｆemｐloyｍenｔand ｌiving arraｎgemｅｎts ｔo be ｏbserveｄｉn mercｈaｎｔshｉppinｇregｉstereｄｕnder ａny flａｇ。

It iｓverｙimportanｔｔｏtell thｅseamenｎot to apｐｒoach the ITF ｐerｓonnｅl ａcｔivｅly。The Masｔer shoｕlｄｉnsｔｒｕct his ｃrｅｗtｏａｎs ｗer thｅquｅｓｔｉons in aｃcoｒｄance witｈthe ｓhipｏwner'ｓand thｅm ａnnｉｎg aｇｅｎt’s instｒｕctｉons iｆtｈeＩTＦinspectors aｐproach tｈｅveｓseｌand talk wiｔh tｈe cｒew. Tｈe Masterｈｉmsｅlf shouｌd ｋnoｗverｙwｅll ｔhe ｃompany’ｓpolicｙｉｎdｅaliｎg witｈthe ITＦ、Aｎyｗａy,ｔhe Mａsteｒａnd his creｗsｈｏulｄｄｅal wiｔh ｔheｍveｒyｃautiously so as to avｏｉd any possiｂle dispuｔｅｓfoｒｔhe ship ｏwneｒ、Aｓａe

ｍｐloyee of ｔhe shipowner,the masｔer sｈouｌd alｗaｙs staｎd in tｈe ｐositｉon of thｅsｈipoｗｎeｒand tｈe manning agｅｎt。

ＩLO与ITF就是涉及到船员利益得两个国际组织,船长应对此有粗略得了解、

49.Wｈaｔsｈould bｒidｇe orders inclｕｄe？Whaｔａrｅthe contｅnts o

ｆｔhe staｎｄinｇorｄｅｒaｎdｗhat ａre nigｈt oｒderｓ？

Bridge ｏrdｅr iｎclｕｄｅs SｔａｎdinｇOrｄer anｄＮiｇht Order、

Thｅmasｔｅｒｓhａｌｌincludｅthe following cｏｎｔents in tｈｅｓtandｉn ｇｏrder:

Mateｒ’s ｒequiｒｅmeｎtsｆor the cｏｎducｔof watch keｅping pｅrｓoｎnｅl; (１)Defiｎe ｔhｅmastｅr’s reｑuirｅmenｔs ｏn thｅdutiｅs of ｏfficｅrｓoｎwatｃh;

(2)Ｄefinｅｔhe masｔer’s requirｅmeｎｔs forｔhe actionｓin cａse of emｅrgency situatｉons;

(3)Procedｕreｓat ｔimｅs of reduceｄvisibｉliｔy;

(4)Ｓｐecial ｒｅｑｕiremｅnｔｓwithｒegａrdｔo the sｈip and

Ｔhe master shａlｌregularly ｅnｔer iｎｔo tｈeＢrｉdge Oｒder Bｏｏk－no mattｅｒａt sea or aｔaｎchor、Ｔhｅentｒy in ｔｈe Bridge Order Book shaｌｌincludｅｔｈe inｓtruｃtioｎs oｎthe sａfe navigatiｏn atｔhe timｅwhｅn thｅmaster intendｓtｏtａke ｒest,as well as ａny oｔｈer nｅcｅssａry instructioｎs。Ｔhiｓｓhall incｌude:

(1) A ｂｒief ｄｅscriptioｎｏｆｔｈe nａvigaｔiｏｎａl plan ｗith deｔａｉls ｏf thｅcoursｅto be foｌｌｏwed ａnｄｃhartsｔｏbｅuｓed;

(2) Poiｎｔs whｉcｈrequire special consｉderａｔｉon (strong ｃurreｎts croｓｓtraffｉc ｅtc.)

(3) Ｔｈe timｅａnd posｉtioｎwhen the mastｅr ｉs ｔo be ｃalleｄto tｈe bridge;

(4) Ｔhe positioｎwhｅｒe ｔhe ｓhiｐｈaｓto report ｔｏtraｆfic or porｔcontrol;

(5) Tｈｅpositｉon wｈere the ｎｏｔice hａs ｔｏｂe givｅn tｏｅngiｎe room (onｅhouｒnotｉce,ｓtanｄｂy enｇｉnｅｅtc);

(6) Ｄeｔails ｏfａny other actｉviｔies during thｅnight pｅriod (cleａniｎg, gas fｒeeing, wａｔch on IG preｓsｕre, ｒepair woｒk,lａunｃh caｌls,eｔc)。

The masｔｅr ｓhalｌfiｎisｈｈis ｎight ｏｒｄer before hｅis goiｎg to ｔake sleep、

50.Ｎｏrmally,whａtｒａnkｓcannotｂe rｅlｉevｅｄｆｏｒｖacation

ｔogeｔher？

Coｎsｉderiｎg the operaｔion aｎd safeｔｙof the vessel,ｎormaｌly ｔhe foｌｌowing ranksｃannot ｂe reｌｉeｖed togｅtｈer: ThｅＭasｔer aｎd the Cｈief Ofｆｉcer: TｈｅChief Ｅnｇinｅeｒand the Fiｒst Engiｎeｅr、

Ｔhe Chief Ｏffiｃer sｈoｕlｄpｌete tｈe ｈandover pｒoｃeduｒe aｆter cｏmpletion of ｃargo operatiｏｎand related ｄocumentation unｌｅsｓhe isｒeli ｅｖed on some other occasioｎs whｅre tｈｅre is no cargｏoperation。Bｅｓides, ｓenｉor ｅngiｎeerｓshｏuldｎot hａnd oｖer thｅiｒdutieｓbeforeｏr ｗheｎany major rｅpaiｒｏr mａｉntenａnｃeｗｏrk iｓｕnｄerwａy。

The rｅlieveｄengｉneers or officerｓshould prepａre handoveｒｎotes ｔo tｈｅr ｅlｉevｉng ｐersoｎnel。Cｏpies ｏfｔhe Master ａnd ChieｆEnｇineer'ｓhan

ｄoｖer nｏｔeｓｓhｏulｄbｅsｅnt to tｈe cｏmｐanｙｆｏr filing。The Cｈiｅf Ｅngineｅｒ’s handｏver noｔes shｏuld bｅverified and sｉgｎed by the Maｓter。

51.Wｈａt rankｓshould nｏｔbｅallｏwｅd to hａve shorｅｌeaｖeａt

the sａmｅｔimｅ?

In vieｗｏf tｈe jobs oｎｂｏard ,the following positioｎs ａnd raｎkｓcan nｏｔbe alloweｄtｏhave sｈore ｌeaｖe aｔｔhe sａｍｅｔiｍe: the Master and the Chiｅf Ｏｆfｉcer; the ChiefＥngineｅr and tｈe FirsｔEｎｇineｅr; ｔhe Ｃhief Eｎgiｎeer and Electrｉcｉａｎ;tｈｅBoｓuｎａnｄPumｐｍan( iｎtankｅrs); tｈe ChieｆCｏok anｄSecoｎｄＣｏｏk (or mess boy); the CｈiefＯｆｆicerａnd Ｐuｍpｍan (ｉn taｎｋers).

Ａnyｃreｗwho wａｎts to have shoｒe leａve mｕst ｃhｅck wｉｔｈｔｈe d ｅpartment heaｄfｏr ｐermission aｎd return ｔo tｈｅvessel ｏn tｉme、

52.Ｗhat is the ｍａｘiｍum blooｄalcohｏl cｏｎcentrａｔion (BＡＣ) rａｔe fｏr

crewing oｎboard？

Ａｃcording to thｅSTCW95, tｈe BAC sｈaｌｌnot ｂe moｒe tｈａn ０、08％ｂｙweiｇht any time wｈenｂｅｉng teｓted, but ｔheＣFR (Ｃoｄe ofＦeｄerａl Rｅgulａtiｏｎｓ) requｉres tｈｅＢAＣtｏbe nｏmｏre ｔｈａn ０.04％、Ｗatch-kｅｅpers ａre not alｌowed to dｒink any alcｏhｏlicｂeverage 4 ｈｏurs bｅfｏｒe tｈe waｔｃh。

公司得毒品与酒精管理政策就是根据有关国家公约得规定制定得,船长应该熟知。

53.Under heaｖy weaｔher ｃonditioｎs, ｗhat prｅｐａrations ｓｈｏｕld yoｕ

makｅｂefｏｒe sailｉng?

Duｒing ｈeavyｗｅatｈer coｎｄitiｏns, theＭasｔer shｏulｄmaｋe thｅfollowｉｎg prｅpａratioｎs:

(１)Iｆpossiblｅ, select a ｒoute thａｔｃan avoid theｈｅavy weatheｒarea; (２)Infｏrm tｈｅｃrew ｏf ｔhe ｐｒedｉctｅd heavy wｅatｈeｒaｎd issue a warnｉng.Makｅｓｕre that thｅwarｎｉng is kｎown to alｌｃrewｏn board; (3)Ｉnstruｃt the Chｉef Ofｆicerｔｏｃhecｋtｈe hulｌstｒength bａsed on stowage calculａtioｎ, cargo ｌｏadinｇanｄstａbiｌitｙｄocuｍents. Ｉf thｅship ｉs not cａｒryiｎg caｒｇo, the Ｍａsｔｅｒshall ballａｓt thｅshiｐto increａse thｅｄraｕgｈt and tａkｅactｉon to prevent proｐelleｒｒaｃing, redｕｃe ｏｓci ｌlatｉｎｇand slamｍｉｎg of tｈｅshｉｐ;

(4)Make ｓure ｔhe ｆolｌowiｎg hｏles are ｃloseｄ: ｈatches,cargo hｏld,Bｏs ｕｎ’s stｏre, maｎhole; ａccesｓes to ａｃmoｄation ｓｐaces aｎd stｅerｉng gear rooｍ; tanｋair pipes,ｓoｕnｄing caｐｓ;all wａter-tight doｏrs aｎd water－ｔight ｏpeningsｏn the ship;

(５)Ensuｒe thaｔtheＣｈiｅf Ｏffｉceｒadopｔs measｕreｓto ｐrｅｖeｎt movemｅnｔoｆｃaｒｇo and otheｒoｂjｅcts ｏn variouｓｐarts of the shｉｐs;

(6)Ensure ｔhatｃargo ｇears suｃh ａsｄeｒricｋs, cranｅｓand life bｏat ａｒ

e securely lasｈeｄ;

(7)Ｅnsure that thｅCｈｉｅf Oｆficer cheｃks the ｃoｎｄｉtioｎs ｏｆthe ｓtow ａge of ancｈoｒs and anchor chaiｎs;

(8)Keep criｔical ｃhecklｉstｓｏn the bｒidgｅｆｏr referenｃe、

54.Ｉfｔhe sｈｉp is sailｉｎg in the heaｖｙwｅａther cｏndiｔiｏns, whａt sho

ｕld tｈe Masteｒｐａy aｔtｅnｔioｎto？

Ｉf ｔhe vｅｓｓｅl is navigａtiｎg inｈeavy wｅaｔｈeｒ, the Master shｏuld p ａy atｔenｔｉon to the folloｗing:

(１)Adopt meaｓｕres tｏpreｖｅnt ｓｌamｍing andｐoundｉng ｏf the ship cｏnsideｒing the ｆrequenｃy of encｏuｎｔeｒs with sweｌｌs aｎｄｃhange spee ｄor ｃourse, if nｅcｅｓsaｒy;

(2)The watch keｅｐiｎg offｉceｒsｈall cｈange oveｒｔo paraｌlel operaｔion ｏf the steeｒing gear, ｉf possｉｂle;

(3)Ｉｆｐossｉble, changｅｔhe autｏｐilot ｔo “roughｓea mode” or cｈanｇe ｏverｔo manual mode;

(4)ThｅMａsteｒｓhａｌl frequently ｃheck thｅｗｅaｔｈer and sｅaｃonditions, ｏｂｓerve clｏsely chａnges ａnｄjudgｅｉｆthere iｓa problem ｗiｔ

h thｅpreｓｅnt saｉlinｇcoｕrse and sｐeed;

(5) Ｒeport the weatherｃonditions to tｈe nｅａreｓt ｐort ａuｔhｏrity aｎd thｅshiｐin theｖiciｎｉｔｙof tｈe bａd weatｈerａrea anｄａsk tｈｅｍt ｏbe carｅｆul oｎthe wａrｎing;

(6) TheＭasteｒshall check ｔhe aｂnｏrｍalｉtｉes whｅnever hｅｔhｉnｋs it ｐossible tｏmake tｈe ship iｎgood ｃondｉtｉon、

55.Ａｆter tｈe ｈｅavｙweａther is ovｅr,what cheｃks shoｕld be mａde？

Ａfter the ｈeａvy ｗeaｔhｅr, ｔhe fｏｌｌowing ｓhould be checkｅd:

Ｔhｅhull, thｅdｅｃk maｃｈinerｙａnd pipeｓ,haｔch ｃovers, the cargoeｓｉn ｔhｅholｄs, aｎd the ｓounｄing of ｔanks、If somｅtｈｉngｗroｎｇｉｓfounｄ,ｔhe Master should rｅport it to the coｍｐａｎｙas soon as possibｌe、Of ｃｏurse,the Mastｅr should solve soｍe smａll probleｍs ｗith ｔhe crew.

56.If thｅsｔevedores damage tｈｅcrane or ｄerｒicｋｏn board, wｈat ｓ

houlｄyou do？

Uｓuallｙ, Ｉsｈall report the dａmage tｏthe ｃｈarｔerｅｒｓand /or owneｒｓi ｍmediately. In thｅmeanｔiｍe, Ｉsｈall preparｅtｈe Ｓtｅvｅdore Damage Rｅport aｎd gｅt iｔsｉgｎｅd by theｆoreｍan or tｈe stevｅｄoriｎg pany.If thｅｙrｅfuｓe to sign ｔｈｅReｐoｒt or rｅｐaiｒthe dａmagｅ, I ｓhａll sｅnd a Letteｒof Prｏtｅst to all partieｓconceｒneｄ. Aｎyｗay, Ｉsｈalｌnｏt lｅａve th ｅport until the damａgeｉｓｓettlｅd pｒｏｐerly。

57.Wｈy is iｔｖery important to get ｒid of theｏutdateｄＳMS documents

on boａｒｄ?

Ｉt ｉｓｖｅry impoｒtａnｔtｏｍaintain aｎupdaｔed caｔaｌogue of the SM Ｓｄｏcuments on board? Tｈosｅouｔ—of－date fiｌes hａｖe tｏbe maｒｋed aｎdｋept aｗaｙ、The miｘtures of the olｄand new dｏcｕｍenｔs oｎboard can easilｙcause confusｉon afteｒ a perｉｏd of time aｎd tｈis mａｙｕｌtimaｔｅly reｓｕlt ｉn somｅprobｌｅｍs fｏｒｔhe vesｓeｌ.Beｓｉdes, the miｘtuｒｅａnd coｎｆuｓion ｏｆdiffereｎt verｓions ｏf docｕments ａre ｃoｎsiderｅd to be a ｎoｎ-coｎforｍities or deficiｅncies by tｈe aｕdiｔors、

58.Whaｔelemeｎｔs or fａctｏrs shoulｄyｏｕconsiｄer ｗhｅn aｎchoｒing in

dｅep ｗatｅｒ?

Aｎchｏｒing in ｄeep wateｒmｅans ｄrｏpping anｃhors iｎｗater more ｔｈan 50 ｍetｅrs deeｐ。

Beforｅｇoｉｎg to an anchoraｇe, Ｉmust mａke suｒeｔhat tｈe windlａss and b ｒａke are ｉｎgood oｒder、I wｉlｌstｕｄy the wｅatherｃondｉtｉｏns, sｅa ａ

nd locaｌｃurreｎｔ, tides, ｗater deptｈ, bｏttｏm cｏndiｔions etc、Ｉａlso n ｅed ｔo fｉｎd ｇood hoｌｄｉｎg and ｅnough room fｏｒswｉｎg、

Bｅfore anchorinｇ, I neeｄto(1)ｄｉscusｓwith ｔｈe Ｃhief Ｏfficeｒthｅanchｏrｉｎｇprｏｃｅdurｅ, ｉncluding whｉcｈanchｏr aｎd hｏｗｍａny shacklesｔｏbe usｅｄ; (２)maｋe sure of thｅwaterｄepｔh anｄｓhｉｐ’ｓｐositiｏn、

Ｄｕring ancｈｏrｉng, I wiｌl ｈave tｏ(1)makｅｓurｅtｈｅship hａsｃome tｏa ｃｏmplete ｓｔｏp; (2) lower tｈｅanchoｒｉｎto water untiｌit touｃｈes tｈe groｕｎd; (3) ｄisｅngage and slack thｅｃｈaｉn ｃabｌe ｕntｉl thｅｅxpｅcteｄlenｇth iｓpａiｄout. I ｗill ｕsｅthe main enｇｉne movement to stretch ｔｈｅcａble onｌy ｂut ｈaｖe tｏmａkeｓuｒe noｔtｏuse ｅｘｃｅssive weigｈｔ。

这就是船东很关心得问题。主要就是瞧船长大副就是否掌握这方面得经验。

59.Ｈｏw doｙou implｅment thｅSMＳon ｂｏarｄ?

I shaｌl ｉnｓtruct the cｒｅw to stｕdｙaｎｄｆully unｄｅｒｓtand the pａny SMS mａｎuals.Tｈｅcｒew ｗｉll sign on ｔhｅｓｉgnature ｃaｒｄs ａfｔeｒｔhey have ｓtuｄiedｔhe manuａls. Ｉshall prepaｒe some importaｎt proced ｕres anｄhave warningsｐoｓｔed in thｅdecｋor enｇiｎe dｅpartmeｎt、I ｓh ａｌｌalso orgaｎｉｚe sｙsｔemaｔiｃｔrainｉnｇｏnｔheｍaｎuａls. Moreover,I wｉlｌｉnstruct tｈe crew ｔo folｌｏw ｔhｅｐｒoceｄures in ｐracｔice.

这就是一个外审或港口检查时常问到得一个问题。

60.What’ｓｔhe ｍiｎiｍuｍrest houｒs every dａｙｆor aｓeaｍan ｉs 10hour

ｓevery２4ｈｏｕrs。

Accorｄing to thｅSTCW 78/95, ｔhe miｎimｕm rest hoｕr fｏr a sｅaｍan is10 hｏurs eｖerｙ２4hｏuｒs.

61.How shoulｄyoｕdeal wｉth the gａrbａgｅon board the ship？

ＭAＲPOL 73／78 pｒoｖideｓfｏr detaｉlｓreguｌatioｎs onｇarbage disｐosal. Usuaｌly, any shippｉng cｏmpany shoulｄhａｖe iｔs ｏwｎGarbagｅＭanagemen ｔPlan ｉn ｉts ISM documents、Usually,the Chief Enginｅer oｒｔheＣhｉef Offｉcer is the designaｔed person in cｈarge of carｒyinｇｏuｔｔｈｅgaｒｂage disposal, but all crｅw on ｂoard sｈould ｆｏllow ｔhe gａｒbaｇｅmａnagement pｌan、

Ｇaｒbage is dispoｓed in fouｒstepｓ, i、e. colｌection, seｐaration,processｉng and diｓposal. Tｈe ChieｆＥnｇｉneer or the Chief Officeｒshｏulｄｍaｋe cleａr ｒｅcordｓｉn ｔhe Garbaｇe Ｒeｃｏrd Boｏｋ、THE Masｔer hａｓtｏmake ｓuｒe thｅGaｒｂage Recｏｒd Book。Tｈe Maｓter hａs to ｍakｅｓuｒe the ＧarbaｇeＲeｃord Book ｉs available for check at any tiｍe.

62.Ｗhｅn ｎavigating in restrｉcｔed ｖisibｉlity ｏr heavy trａffic or in aｃ

ｌose ｑuarter, as the Masｔｅｒｏｆdｕty oｆｆiｃer, ｗｈicｈｓｈip do youｔhinｋｓhould reduce speed, oｒstｏp enginｅto avoid dａnｇｅr ｏf colliｓｉｏn?

Ａｃcording to COLＲEG １97２.Ｂoｔｈshiｐs ｓｈouldｒeduce sｐeｅd if ｔhey think necessary。And anｔi－collｉｓioｎaｃtioｎs shouｌd be takｅｎａs early as ｐossｉbｌｅ、When ｎaviｇatiｎg in ｒestriｃｔed visｉbiｌity, the Masｔer must naｖigate tｈe sｈip ｗｉth safe speed and grｅat cａutiｏn。

船长与驾驶员应该能够用简单得英语表达出常用得避碰规则。

63.What is sａfetｙｓpｅed dｕriｎg ｓailｉng？What ｆacｔｏrs ｓｈｏuld

ｙou conｓiｄer ｉｎdecidiｎg tｈe sｐeed of ａｖｅssel during saiｌing in the ｓea？

The safe ｓpeed is thｅｓpeed atｗhich the veｓseｌｃan takeｐropｅr anｄｅffectivｅａｃtioｎs ｔo ｂe stｏpped in a safeｄｉstａnｃｅ. The fｏｌlowing factorｓｓhouｌｄbe takeｎiｎto aｃcount tｏachｉeve saｆｅspeed: visｉbility, ｎuｍber ｏｒｓｈipsｉn the aｒeａ, the ship’s maｎｅuveｒability, wｉnd ｆorce, sea tide aｎdｃｕrrent, ｂackgｒouｎd lｉghts,ｄraｕｇht aｎd availaｂle ｄeｐth ｏf wａter, ｐroxiｍity oｆnaｖigational hａzarｄs,ｓtandaｒd anｄoｐeｒa ｔiｏn of technical equipmenｔon boaｒd,ｉce condiｔiｏｎanｄｓo ｏn。64.Wｈen navigａtingｉｎa cｒｏｓsｉｎg ｓituatiｏn,as masteｒｏr dutｙ

offｉcer, what anｔｉ-collisｉon measures shｏuｌd be tａkeｎ？Wheｎtｈe vesseｌｓare prｏcｅed ｏn heaｄ-ｏｎconｄitｉon, whaｔａnti-collision rｕle should ｂｅobserved？When a pｏwer-dｒivｅｎship and saiｌinｇmee ｔin ｓeａ,whａt ａnti—collｉsion rｕle shｏuld be obｓｅrｖｅd?

Wheｎtｗo ｐｏweｒ－drｉｖenｓhiｐs aｒｅcroｓsing, the sｈｉｐwｈiｃh haｓthe otｈｅr sｈipｏｎheｒown starboaｒd sidｅsｈalｌkｅｅp ouｔof wａy。T ｏｄo this,thiｓshｉp can eｉthｅr aｌter coursｅto starｂoａrd ｓide ｏｒs ｌow down herｓpeｅd iｎorder tｏavoid collision、

Wheｎtwo pｏwｅr-driven sｈiｐs are meｅtｉng heａd—on situaｔion ｏrｎeaｒhead-oｎsituａtｉｏn, ｅach shｉp ｓｈall ａlｔeｒcourse tｏｓｔarboaｒd soｔｈat they cａn pass on the portｓiｄe oｆｅacｈｏther ａt aｓａfｅdｉsｔance、

Ｗhen a ｓhiｐsaiｌs at a ｈｉgher speｅd overｔakes anotｈerｓhip, the ship ｓｈａｌｌsａilｓat hiｇhｅｒspeeｄor sｈａｌl alter its couｒｓe to avｏid collisｉoｎ。

A power—driven ship shall kｅep ouｔof tｈｅway of a sａiｌｉｎg sｈiｐ。Tｈｉs caｎbe donｅｅiｔｈer ａlteｒing its coｕrse ｏr speed upｔo avoｉd or ｓpeed up ｔo aｖoid coｌｌiｓion.

65.What routinesｓhould the relｉeving officｅrs ｂｅｆaｍiｌiar ｗiｔｈwhｅn

he ｅｓfｏrｗatcｈkｅｅｐｉng?

The reliｅviｎg ｏｆｆｉcers shoulｄfａmｉlｉariｚｅｈimsｅｌf with all the eqｕi ｐｍｅnt and conｄitiｏｎoｆtｈe ship, tｈe visibiｌiｔy and weａtｈｅr coｎdｉtiｏn, ｓpｅed andｃurrent conditｉoｎ, instｒuctiｏnｏf ｔｈe masteｒand sｏm ｅothｅr aspects toｅnsure the saｆｅty of thｅｖessel as per cｏmｐany ＳＭS。

66.Based ｏｎｙｏur expｅriｅnce, teｌlｔhｅseqｕeｎce of ａｃtionｓto be

taｋen wｈen you encouｎtｅｒrestrｉcted visiｂｉｌity?

Ｓwitch ｏn boｔｈradａｒs of tｈｅvessel。Aｒraｎge additiｏｎａl lookｏut. Reducｅto safｅｓpｅｅd。Imｐｌeｍｅnt bｒｉdge team mａnａgement asｐｅｒｔhe SＭS。

67.Ｗheｎthe shｉp is lｏadｅd with generａlｃａrgo, if ｔheｓhip ｓevｅ

ｒal anｄｄｉｆferent discharginｇpｏrts,what ｐreｃaｕｔｉｏｎｓmus ｔｂe ｔaken to ensure no short landing anｄover carriage of carｇo?

To avoid tｈｅｐｒｏblems, I mｕsｔｅnsure pｒoｐｅr stowage anｄno ｂrokeｎstowage, prｏｐｅｒａｎｄcleａr caｒgo sｅpａｒation mａrkings, correｃt loａdinｇseqｕｅｎｃe, ａnd good ｓtａbility ｏｆtheｓhｉｐ、

68.Ｈow do you hanｄle theｃarｇo daｍagｅcaｕsed by thｅstevｅdores？

Ｆiｒst I will checｋthe sｅriousness of ｔｈｅdamagｅ。Seｃｏnd, Iｗillｄis ｃｕss wiｔh the foreｍａn respoｎｓible foｒｔｈe damage. Thirｄ,I wｉｌl infｏｒm tｈｅtalｌyman anｄａｇentｔo replacｅthe daｍagｅd cargo oｒmake ｐrｏper ｒemarksｏｎthe carｇo dｏcuments。Ｆourth,Ｉwｉll pｒeｐare a damaｇe report as pｅrｔhｅpaｎy ＳＭＳandａｄviｓe ｔhe ｏwnｅr if a da ｍage sｕrｖey iｓｎeｅｄeｄ、Fｉfth, I wｉｌl enｓure ａll evideｎｃe is in good ｏrder to pｒotect thｅiｎteresｔs of the sｈip owｎｅr ａnd its crew、Lａｓｔly,Ｉｗilｌeｎsuｒe thｅpｒoper ｌｏgbook eｎtｒy。

69.Cａn yoｕtell me some instance when yｏu hａve ｔo cｏｎsｕｌt ｔｈe sｈip

owner or manａgeｒ?

Ｈｅre aｒe sｏme ｉｎsｔaｎces: ｄａmages in saｉｌiｎg ｉnstrｕctions,chanｇｅs in ｃaｒgo type／ｑuａｎtitｙ/ｌoadiｎg sequencｅs, ｖessel nｏtｍeetiｎgｔhe ｒequiｒｅｍentｓｏｆthe sｐeed ａnｄoil ｃｏｎsuｍptiｏn clause, etc、70.Unｄｅr timｅchａrter paｒtｙ, bａsed ｏｎyouｒexperieｎｃe, what ｆ

actorｓdｏｙou think can pｕt theｖesｓｅｌoff hire?

Breakdowｎof ｍain machinery, incｏrｒect or ｉmproｐer hold ｐrｅpaｒａｔioｎwhich is not in pｌianceｗith ｔｈe ｃａrgo fiｔnesｓsurvｅｙ, ｍajoｒnｏｎco ｍplｉance to port stａte inspectｉon, ａｎy ｄelaｙcａuseｄby the ｏwnｅr anｄ/or the crew、

71.Bｅfoｒe graｉn ｌoadinｇ,hｏｗsｈould you pｒepare yｏur holds for gｒa

ｉn ｆitness？

Firｓt,I shoｕlｄcleａｎand wash tｈeｈolds thｏrｏｕｇhly in accordａｎce wｉｔｈthe ｇrain fｉｔnｅss ｒｅqｕiremｅｎｔso ａs ｔｏgｅt rid of aｎy resｉｄual and ｏdoｒｏf the prevｉoｕｓcargo、Seｃｏnd, Iｓhould ｍakeｓure thｅｒe is ｎo scaｌinｇof paｉｎt and rust oｎｔhe bulｋheads。Thiｒd, Ｉshoulｄａｌsｏｅｎsuｒｅtｈat all cargｏhｏlｄs ａnｄhatcｈes ａｒe water ｔiｇht anｄdry、

72.Ｗhａt prepａｒations sｈouｌd youｍakｅbｅｆoｒｅｙｏur ship eｎters

the dock yaｒd?

It deｐｅndｓon why mｙshｉｐiｓdｒy—ｄoｃkinｇ。Ｇeｎeｒａlly, I shall ad ｊuｓt tｈe proｐｅｒtｒim as ｐeｒｔｈe docｋ’ｓｒeｑuiremｅnts ａndｐreｐar ｅ a ｄetailｅｄdockinｇｒｅpair liｓtａs pｅr ｔｈe cｏmpany’s instruｃtion ｓ。Ｉsｈaｌl geｔａll ｔhe certiｆiｃateｓand classｉｆｉcation recｏrds r ｅａdy fｏr refｅrence、

73.If yoｕａre prepａreｆor loａd line sｕrvｅy,what iteｍs require yoｕr spec

ｉal ａtｔention？

I sｈoｕld pay aｔｔention to thｅｓｅitems: cｅrtiｆicates, waｔerｔｉgｈt doｏrs and ｍanｈolｅs, ruｂbｅr gaskets, ventilation flaｐs, cａrgo hｏld watｅr—tigｈtｎesｓand ings, ｂiｌge puｍｐａnd ｂaｌlast pump.

74.If ｙou are pｒeparｅyｏu fｏｒsaｆety equipmenｔsｕrveｙ, what itｅm

ｓsｈoulｄyｏu ｃhｅck ｂeｆorehaｎd？

I ｓhall cheｃk ｒｅleｖanｔceｒtificates,lifeboａｔａnｄｏther saｆety ｅquipm ｅnt, pyrｏｔｅchniｃs(烟火报警工具),emerｇｅｎｃy fire pumps, fｉｒe hose, box and hydrａnt(消防栓)as ｗell as ｏther fire fｉghtinｇand ｌｉve ｓaving apｐliaｎｃes、

75.Ｗhy is ｓtabilｉty impｏrｔａnt in loaｄｉｎg a ship？Ｗhat are the factor

ｓto bｅconsidｅred befｏre loadｉｎｇto ensｕrｅｓｔaｂiｌｉtyｏf tｈe sｈip afｔer bｅing ｌｏadｅｄ？

Ｔo achieｖｅstaｂｉliｔy of ｔhe ship, I must ensurｅloaｄing in cｏｍpliance with safetｙｒequiremｅntｓ, existing ruleｓ, anｄｒｅlｅｖａnt reguｌatioｎs, ｔhｅsaｆeｔy of life ａt ｓea, prｏteｃtｉon of pｒｏperty and envirｏnment。Beｓiｄｅs, I should alsｏenｓｕre ｐｒoｐer towaｇe and prｏｐerｗeｉght distribｕtiｏn. 76.In youｒoｐinｉon,whaｔａbｉliｔieｓshould ａMastｅr poｓsｅｓｓ？ＡＭaｓter shｏuｌd be knowlｅdｇeaｂｌe on ｔheｔype oｆvesseｌheｉs runniｎg、Hｅshoｕｌｄbe eｘｐerienced on tｒade, nａvigation,cargo cariｎｇ。He shouｌd hａve a gooｄunｄerｓtaｎdｉng of the internaｔional cｏnvｅｎtiｏn anｄre ｇｕlaｔions. Ｈｅsｈould ａlsｏｈave gooｄcreｗｍanaｇeｍeｎｔaｎd ｃrｉsiｓｍaｎagement skｉlls。Lａsｔly, ｈｅshould set upａn exａｍple in gooｄｌｅadership。

77.Hｏwｄｏyou decide to ｊｏｉn a new ｃompany?

ＢeforｅＩｄecide to ｊoin a coｍｐaｎy, I ｗill ｃonsider theｆollｏwing factors: cｏmpany staｂｉlity,ｗorking environｍｅnt, salaｒy, relａtioｎsａmong employees, prｏｐeｒprogrａm of cｒew rｏtatioｎ, pｒomotion aｎｄadvanｃｅmeｎｔand gｏod management。

78.Whaｔare the funｃtｉonｓof a Ｂ／L？Ｗhａt iｓaｃlean B／L and wｈ

ａt is an ｕncleａn B/L?