中考英语完形填空、任务型阅读、首字母填空复习案
2013届中考英语专题复习：短文解题方法点讲解和训练
一、中考英语完形填空
一、完形填空解题技巧：
1.总体把握
要通读完形填空的短文，跳过空格快速阅读，了解全篇的主要内容。切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句推敲上。
2.弄清体裁
文章体裁通常分为四种：论述文、记叙文、说明文和应用文。中考选文以叙事性文章为主，如：幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热点问题等。读这类文章，要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件及前因后果。
3.重视主题句
完形填空短文不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”，以此为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。
4.语境联想
利用上下文的提示，用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。
二、完形填空解题时的问题：
1是不善于把握语篇主旨大意，对篇章整体的推断无法驾驭，出现偏差，理解方面甚至于文章的主题相悖。2是容易受思维定势的干扰，分析语篇不透彻，忽视特定语境中英语知识的运用。
3是对完形填空试题怀有厌恶、恐惧心理，做题时处于被动的应付状态。
4有的学生试图“一步到位”，未通览全文就边读边填。空格逐个地填，思路局限于孤独的词组和句子，结果是就句论句，理解偏离文章主题，无法形成连贯的思路，事倍功半。
5对特定的语境不作深入理解，一看到熟悉的语法结构便不假思索，立即选定答案，导致“定势思维”错误。
6是学生碰到难题，思考良久，还是不能解决问题，浪费了宝贵的时间。
三、完形填空考查内容类型：
1、词汇：考查的内容有近义词的区别、名词和代词、形容词和副词、介词和连词、动词和动词短语及词组的固定搭配和习惯用法。
2、语法：考查各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级、动词的时态和语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词的用法等。
3、句型：考查学生在学习过程中接触到的许多特殊句型。
4、结构：文章中简单句的基本句型，句子和句子之间，段落与段落之间，上下文之间的逻辑关系。
四、解题技巧：
1、略读全文，掌握大意
略读即快速地读，以了解文章内容为目的。
1）先花1到2分钟把文章略读一下，注意：快读的目的是读懂，只快不懂或似懂非懂，走个过场那只是浪费时间和精力。学生要根据文章的内容和自己的情况，调整自己的阅读速度。略读之后，对文章的内容、结构和文章的主要线索都要心中有数。
2）完形填空短文的第一句话通常不挖空。这便于学生对短文主题、内容和背景有个大概了解。第一句话也常直接点明主题内容，是设置语境的框架性句子。
3）通读全文时，不要拘泥于一词一义的理解，对个别不认识的单词、短语，只要不影响理解全文就可以不管它。
2、瞻前顾后，谨慎选择
文章大意了解后就开始选择。
第一、语境。语境即上下文、它包括选择项在所在句子中的语义联系。所在句与周围语句在意义上的关系，所在句在本段中所起的作用，所在句在整篇短文中所起的作用以及与文章内容主线的关系。有些选择项根据上下文就能比较容易地作出正确判断，有些选择项则根据整篇文章的大意才能推出。
第二、语法知识。从语言环境筛选后，不能得出最终答案，再从语法角度再考虑动词的形式、句子的结构等。
第三、必要的常识。
第四、注意同义词的细微区别和一些固定搭配。
总之，判断正确答案要从多角度去考虑，把语境、语法、词法、常识、固定搭配等有机结合起来考虑是做好完形填空的最佳方法。
3、复读全文，仔细检查
完成选择后，最好再利用一两分钟将短文从头看一遍，将选定的答案代入文中阅读，对感觉不恰当的，可尝试这样的解题步骤：
第一步：纵观加联想。通读全文，掌握大意。在通读的过程中，通过前后联想，猜测空格词的意思，以期达到掌握大意的目的。
第二步：先易且定夺。对照选项再读全文，验证、修正原来的猜测，将有把握的答案确定下来。这时往往绝大多数小题都已解出。
第三步：攻难再复读。重点检查尚未解出的小题的前后句子，解出那些原来拿不准的少数题。
第四步：反思并修正。将少数单词放入原文中重读全文，看看逻辑上有没有问题，以期发现错误并加以改正。(1)文章是否顺畅；读是否通畅，翻译是否合理(2)所填单词是否是最佳单词；
二、中考任务型阅读技巧
一、任务型阅读理解题解读
任务型阅读理解，主要考查考生在有限的时间内根据不同的人的不同需要捕捉到相应的有效信息的能力。任务型阅读理解题所选文章题材真实可靠，内容贴近现代社会生活，涉及学生生活、富有时代气息，语言原汁原味。
二、解题步骤
任务型阅读理解题的解题的关键在于正确把握要求与符合要求的条件之间的一一对应关系，该类的“对应”可能是“主旨对应”,也可能是“情节对应”,还可以是“细节对应”等。同学们只要能够把握住这一原则就能轻松做好这种试题。
“一一对应阅读方法”的具体步骤如下：
第一步：认真阅读背景介绍，了解话题或主题。
第二步：仔细阅读题目，找出不同人物的不同要求，并在关键词下划线，以便有利于为后面的顺利解题创造良好的条件。
第三：对照题目的要求，从选项中选出符合以上要求的对应条件。有时，只要顺着关键词的线索就能轻松找到正确的答案。
第四步：快速对照要求和条件两条线索通读一遍，做到万无一失，提高答题的准确率。
三、解题思路
任务型阅读理解的解题难度比较大,干扰性强。该类阅读理解题的解题的关键在于正确把握住当事人的要求与符合其要求的条件之间的“一一对应”关系。以下是笔者总结的解题思路和解题体会：
1、快读以了解短文大意,明了题目要求。考生通过快速浏览文章首句、尾句和关键词语,来了解文段的大意并明确试题的具体要求,了解广告或海报的话题或主题,保证答题时不会出现离题现象,否则一错
就很可能会错两到三题,严重影响答题的效果。接下来按照五个人不同的个人信息；对照要求匹配与之相适应的选项；A-E五个选项分别是五段材料的关键信息。
2、寻读时要依照题项信息,寻找匹配信息。考生首先要读懂题项,抓住关键信息,然后再带着所获关键信息,有针对性地寻找所需要的相关的匹配信息,对号入座,而不必句句都读。
3、考生还得注意:每读一段话,做一道题,每确定一题的答案后,将该选项从列表中划去,以免在以后的选择中干扰视线,同时也将相应的短文划去,减少以后的阅读段落。
解题技巧：
1）略读图表
1 图表 2）审清结构
3）记住阅读任务
一、步骤
1）略读短文首尾句、段
2 短文 2）带图表中任务细读
3）在文段中做标记定位
4）对比文段中标记处和图表对应任务
二、三种题型：
1、信息查找题
1）.解题关键: 根据问题句子查找定位信息。
2）.常用方法: 带着问题有意识地在关键处做标记。
2、信息转换题
1.解题关键: 根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式
(1).词性转换
(2).句子结构转换
(3).同义词和反义词转换
(4).前缀和后缀转换
(5).另选其它词来释义
3、信息归纳题
1）.解题关键：根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。
概括性（在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息) 针对性（量体裁衣，大小适度) 醒目性
2）常用的信息归纳单词
话题 topic subject title theme
原因 reason cause
结果 result effect
目的 aim purpose goal
方法 way solution measure
观点 idea opinion thoughts
优劣 advantages disadvantages
结论 conclusion
建议 advice suggestions tips
三、首字母填空讲解
一、首字母填空的解题方法：
第一遍：通读全文，了解大意
短文中虽有一些词未知，但不影响对文章主要内容的理解。在初步阅读中，可以跳过空格，尽量捕捉文章所提供的内容信息，以及语法结构方面的提示，有助于下一步的分析与判断。
第二遍：再读全文，理清脉络
通读全文、掌握大意后，还应逐字逐句地仔细阅读，有没有（1）固定的搭配的，从文意中（2联系上下文）找出句与文、句与句、词与句、词与词之间的关系，尤其是一些不易察觉的、隐含的微妙关系，（3）用已知信息去获取未知信息，以便初步确定答案。在答题过程中，同学们可以把有把握的词先填好，逐步减少空格对阅读造成的障碍，然后再仔细推敲剩下的难题。
第三遍：仔细推敲，确保准确
词义判断正确了不等于答题正确，同学们还应从词法、句法、惯用法等方面考虑答案的准确性。有的学生经过思考确定了一个意思正确的词作为答案，但忽略了从语法角度再进行验证，因而出现了一些与时态、人称等有关的词形变化的错误。如果填的词是名词，首先要考虑到单、复数的问题；如果是动词，要考虑应使用什么时态和语态。
1平时注意词组、习惯用法和固定搭配。
2. 一定注意上下句的联系。
很多情况下。你要填的单词在上文或者下文出现过了，所以说试卷中不是没有答案，而是你要有一双发现答案的眼睛。还有一个情况是在一句话中，可能会出现反义词，也就是说你要填的单词是上文或下文中一个词的反义词。and but or 这些连词
3.利用词性帮助判断。根据上下文及该句判断词性，再结合首字母确定该词的意思
第四遍：复读全文，全面检查
答题完毕后复读全文，进行核查是必不可少的。做完题后，一定要认真检查，尽量减少粗心所致的笔误或拼写错误，对有疑问的地方，更要根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌，这样才能尽量避免失分。默读，利用语感和自己的语法知识填空。如果读着不顺，就有可能有错误。
二、首字母填空的解题技巧：
第一步骤：通读全文。
第二步骤：分析、填词。
1、分析：1）句法2）上下文3 ）基本常识4 ）固定搭配
1）句法分析（主谓宾定状补）
【2011上海】 You probably need many other people to help you. For example, the p 95 of actors and actresses is very important in your film. Of course, these actors and actresses may be your schoo lmates, friends or family members. You don’t even need to pay them a cent while they are glad to be part of your job.
2）上下文语境分析（含逻辑推理）：
2010上海）Do you know the word “brunch”? In the West, many people like to have brunch—late (1)b________ or early lunch. People often have brunch between 10 a. m. and 2 p.m. on Sunday because they prefer to get up (2) l_____ after a week's hard work or want to enjoy brunch with their parents, or friends.
3）基本常识分析
【 2011大庆】 Wood-block printing was invented sometime between the 4th and the 7th c 56 in China. The earliest book that we have -------
4）固定搭配分析
(2011山东临沂 )Exercise can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy. Scientists suggest that teenagers should spend at l 86 30 minutes exercising every day.
When you exercise, your body produces something. It makes you feel r 87 and energetic. It can even help you sleep better at night and let you pay more a 88 when you study.
Let’s eat healthily and take regular exercise.
1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。
2. 综合考虑、先易后难、各个击破。
3. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏
专项题型解析：
例题解析：
Dogs are good pets. They are very f 1 to people and also very beautiful. Most dogs get on very well with c 2 and their parents. Others are good watch-dogs because they cry loudly when a s 3 arrives.
When you buy a dog, an important thing to think about is its s 4 ——buy a small dog if your home is small and a bigger one if y 5 is larger. Many people don’t know how much to feed their dogs. Dogs eat a 6 anything! They like meat, rice and lots of other things. You can buy lots of food m 7 for dogs in shops. Don’t let your dogs eat too much. Feed it only once a day. Always l 8 water for your dog. It can get thirsty very quickly, especially in s 9 .
Remember that dogs need e 10 . You sho uld take it for a walk every day. Don’t keep your dog inside all day.
例题解析：
Dogs are good pets. （固定搭配）They are very f 1 to people and also very beautiful. Most dogs get on very well with c 2 and their parents（前后对比，用已知信息去获取未知信息）. Others are good watch-dogs because they cry loudly w hen a s 3 arrives.
When you buy a dog, an important thing to think about is its s 4 ——buy a small dog if your home is small and a bigger one if y 5 is larger. Many people don’t know how much to feed their dogs. Dogs eat a 6 anything! They like meat, rice and lots of other things. You can buy lots of food m 7 for dogs in shops. Don’t let your dogs eat too much. Feed it only once a day. Always l 8 water for your dog. It can get thirsty very quickly, especially in s 9 .
Remember that dogs need e 10 . You should take it for a walk every day. Don’t keep your dog inside all day.
四、阅读理解的考点讲解和训练
【考点扫描】
阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务，也是中考的一项重要内容。中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。
中考阅读理解的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则：
1. 阅读文章五篇，阅读量在1，000单词左右；
2. 题材广泛，包括科普，社会，文化，政治，经济等；
3. 体裁多样，包阔记叙文，说明文，应用文等。
中考阅读理解考查的主要内容是：
1. 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。
此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落（或短文）的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式
(1) Which is the best title of the passage?
(2) Which of the following is this passage about?
(3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that______.
(4) The passage tells us that______.
(5) This passage mainly talks about_______.
2. 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。
此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：
(1) Which of the following is right?
(2) Which of the following is not mentioned?
(3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?
(4) Choose the right order of this passage.
(5) From this passage we know ________.
3. 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。
此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是：
(1) The word “ ” in the passage probably means ________.
(2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _______.
(3) In this story the underlined word “ ” means ________.
(4) Here “it” means________.
4. 考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。
此类题目主要考查的是句语句之间，短语短之间的逻辑关系，其主要提问方式是：
(1) Many visitors come to the writer’s city to ________.
(2) Some shops can be built Dongfeng Square so that they may _____.
(3) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _____.
(4) Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna station?
5. 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。
此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方
式是：
(1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a ______.
(2) We can infer from the text that _______.
(3) From the letters we’ve learned that it’s very __ to know something about American
social customs.
(4) From the story we can guess ______. (5) What would be happy if …?
6. 考查推断作者意图和态度的能力。
(1) How did the writer feel at Vienna station? (2) The writer writes this text to
______.
(3) The writer believes that ______. (4) The writer suggests that ______.
【名师解难】
明确了阅读理解题的考查要点以后，我们现在来研究破解阅读理解题的方法和技巧。
1．如何获取段落的主旨和大意？
最有效的办法是找出主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：
（1）表述的意思比较概括，相对其主句来看，这种概括性更为明显。
（2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。
（3）段落中其它的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。
在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种：
（1）主题句在段首或篇首。
主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文, 议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。例如：
All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物链)。Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears.
第一句即是主题句。这个句子概括了本段的中心意思，“地球上所有的生物要生存都离不开其它的生物”。后面讲述了大量的事实，“大部分动物必须成群的生活，甚至一种植物也要和其它同类的植物靠在一起生长。有时一种生物杀死另一种生物，一种生物吃另一种生物，而另一种生物被吃”。在列举了大量的事实之后，作者指出：如果这些食物链中的一个链环消失，所有的食物都会断掉。所有这些事实都是围绕第一个句子展开的。
在这篇短文之后有一道考查主题的阅读理解题：
59. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?
A. Animals
B. Plants
C. Food Chains
D. Living Things
根据主题句的意思，我们可以很容易判断：这篇短文最好的标题是Food Chains。
（2）主题句在段末或篇末。
用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。例如2002年陕西省中考试题阅读材料A的最后一段：If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothes cost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better made, or they always fit better. In other words, some less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.
这段文章前面列举了两件事实：如果你买一些制作优良的衣服，你会省钱，因为这些衣服能穿得时间长一些。即使他们洗了很多次，仍然看起来很好。有时有些衣服花得钱更多，但并不意味着这些衣服做得更好。最后一句话是对这两个事实的概括：有些价钱便宜的衣服比价钱贵的衣服更好看，更合身。段末这个句子就是主题句。
（3）无主题句
有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。
Killer bees started in Brazil 1957. A scientist in Sao Paulo wanted bees to make
more honey（蜂蜜). So he put forty-six African bees with some Brazilian（巴西的） bees. The bees bred(繁殖) and made a new kind of bees. But the new bees were a mistake. They didn’t want to make more honey. They wanted to attack. Then, by accident, twenty-six African bees escaped and bred with the Brazilian bees outside.
Scientists could not control（控制) the problem. The bees increased fast. They went from Brazil to Venezuela. Then they went to Central America. Now they are in North America. They travel about 390 miles a year. Each group of bees grows four times a year. This means one million new groups every five years.
Why are people afraid of killer bees? People are afraid for two reasons. First, the bees sting（叮) many more times than usual bees. Killer bees can sting sixty times a minute nonstop for two hours. Second, killer bees attack in groups. Four hundred bee stings can kill a person.
Already several hundred people are dead. Now killer bees are in Texas. In a few years they will reach all over the United States. People can do nothing but wait.
这篇短文表面看起来没有主题句，那末怎样来确定它的中心意思呢？按照上面的说明，我们先找出每一段的大意：第一段讲的是“killer bees”的产生。第二段讲的是“killer bees” 的急剧增加。第三段讲的是人们害怕“killer bees”的原因。第四段讲的是“killer bees”已经杀死的人数和将来的状况。从这几段的大意可以看出这篇文章自始至终都是围绕“killer bees”这一中心展开的。换句话说，“killer bees”就是这篇文章的主题。
在这篇短文的后面就出了一道这样的阅读理解题：
59. The best title of the passage is ____________.
A. How to make more honey
B. Killer bees
C. A foolish scientist
D. How to feed killer bees
毫无疑问，答案应该是：B。
2．如何根据上下文猜测词义？
猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：1）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。2）运用语法知识进行语法分析。3）依靠常识和经验做出判断。根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列几种：
(1)根据定义或解释猜测词义。例如：甘肃省2002年中考英语试题阅读材料B:
A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag.” It is the same as “to tell a secret”….
Now when someone lets out (泄漏)a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”
短文后面有一个理解题目：
John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ________.
A. makes everyone know a secret
B. the woman bout a cat
C. buys a cat in the bag
D. sells the cat in the bag
在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret.根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。
(2)根据情景和逻辑进行判断。例如：2004年北京市海淀区中考试题阅读材料A。其中第三段是这样的：
As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.
文章后面有这样一道题：
53. In the text, “put an end to” means “___________”.
A. stop
B. cut
C. kill
D. fly
根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这一推理，答案应该是A。
(3)根据并列、同位关系猜测词义。例如：福州市2004年中考英语试题的阅读材料B。
There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand.
101. What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese?
A. 自来水
B. 大气
C. 冰川
D. 蒸汽
从语法上看，steam和hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类第物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。
(4)根据背景和常识判断。请看2004年北京市海淀区中考试题的阅读材料C:
Arthur Wayne, the famous ornithologist, who happened to be visiting my father at the time, hearing me crying over the death of my bird, explained what had happened. “A m other mockingbird, finding her young in a cage, will sometimes bring it poison berries(毒莓). She thinks it better for her young to die than to live in captivity.”
60. An ornithologist is probably a person who ____________ .
A. studies birds
B. loves creatures
C. majors in habits
D. takes care of trees
Ornithologist 这个词从来没有见到过，但是通过他的语言我们可以判断出这是一个对鸟很有研究的人。我很爱鸟，把鸟装在笼子里，并细心照料，而且鸟的母亲也飞过来喂这只鸟，但这只鸟却死了，我很不理解。到我家来的这个人给我详细解释了鸟死的原因，说明这个人非常懂鸟。据此，我们可以断定答案影视A。
除了前面提到的方法以外，还有下面一些方法：
(5)根据同义、反义关系猜测词义。
(6)根据因果关系猜测词义。
3．如何确定细节和事实？
1）凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。
2）干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。
What do plants make food from? They make food from _______.
A. sunlight, water and things in the soil and air
B. water, sunlight and things in the soil
C. water and things in the soil and air
D. water, sunlight and things in the soil
这一小题考查的就是文章的细节和事实。这一细节和事实的表述在文章中可以直接找到：Plants are “factories”. They ma ke food from sunlight, water and things in the soil and air.
4．如何进行推断？
所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。
1）事实推断：这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。
According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV?
A. You often play football with your friends after school.
B. Your teacher has got a cold.
C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn’t been caught.
D. The bike in front of your house is lost.
英语中考英语完形填空及答案经典
英语中考英语完形填空及答案经典 一、中考英语完形填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 A gift is necessary when one is invited to visit friends in China. After greetings, the gift should be passed immediately to the host. Remember that usually Chinese people will not open the gift in front of the person who gives 1 . To show the respect, it may be 2 to explain what the gift is. Bringing some nutrients and tonics （营养品、补品） to the elders in the family is a good idea. You can 3 prepare some small gifts for the spouse （配偶） or kids of the host. The host usually makes full 4 by carefully tidying up the house and 5 a lot of delicious dishes. 6 the meal is well prepared, the host may say to the guest politely, "My preparation is not enough, please excuse me for my poor treat." As a guest, you should make the host believe that there is plenty to eat by praising the food. While eating, the elders will use chopsticks to 7 food for guests as a tradition and ask them to eat 8 . As a guest, you should accept their goodwill readily. But nowadays, the younger people do the traditional way less. After dinner, tea and fruit are usually served. When the guests are to leave, the host may still politely ask them to stay. They don't have to take it 9 and they can try to find a good time to leave. This doesn't mean that leaving early is always a good idea as the host may feel that the guests are not satisfied with the treat. Finding the right time to leave 10 the situation. 1. A. it B. them C. that 2. A. necessary B. careful C. comfortable 3. A. too B. also C. either 4. A. plans B. decisions C. preparations 5. A. enjoying B. cooking C. washing 6. A. But B. Although C. Because 7. A. cut up B. eat up C. pick up 8. A. more B. less C. many 9. A. completely B. seriously C. probably 10. A. works out B. sticks to C. depends on 【答案】（1）A；（2）A；（3）B；（4）C；（5）B；（6）B；（7）C；（8）A；（9）B；（10）C； 【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是在中国被邀请去做客时时我们应该带些什么礼物，还有做客时我们要注意的一些行为。 （1）代词辨析。句意：记住通常中国人不会在给礼物的那个人面前打开礼物的。根据Chinese people will not open the gift，可知此处礼物是单数名词，上文出现的单数名词在下文出现时用it代替，it它；that那个；them它们，故选A。 （2）形容词辨析。句意：为了表示尊敬，说明礼物是什么是很必要的。根据常识可知，说明礼物表达的意义是很必要的，necessary必要的；careful细心的；comfortable，舒服的，故选A。
2019年中考英语阅读完型专项训练
2019年中考英语阅读完型专项训练 (名师详细剖析解题技巧+专项练习，建议下载练习) （一） 语法一、代词 代词易错点清单 1. 代词的主格和宾格混淆。 Look! These red apples are all for he. 看，这些红苹果都是给他的。 解析：代词he在介词for的后面作宾语，应用代词的宾格形式。he的宾格形式是him，所以把he改为him。 改后：Look! These red apples are all for him. 2. 形容词性和名词性物主代词的用法混淆。 The big yellow pears belong to me; the rest small ones are his and her. 这些大黄梨是我的，其余小的是他和她的。 解析：本题是考查名词性物主代词的用法，his既可以是形容词性物主代词，也可以是名词性物主代词。而her是形容词性物主代词，要和名词连用。所以应 该用名词性物主代词hers。 改后：The big yellow pears belong to me; the rest small ones are his and hers. 3. 反身代词和人称代词相混淆。 Who taught your sister English? Nobody. She learned it all by her. 谁教你姐姐英文的？没有人。她全靠自己学的。 解析：从句子的意思理解，介词by后应该用反身代词表示“某人自己独自做某事”。所以把her改为herself。 改后：Who taught your sister English? Nobody. She learned it all by herself. 4. 反身代词人称和数与它所指的名词或代词不一致。 Boys and girls! Enjoy yourself!
中考英语 阅读题型一 完形填空
阅读题型篇 阅读题型一完形填空 01 命题趋势考标导向化 1.考查内容 完形填空是全国各省、地、市中考的必考题型，在中考英语试卷中一般占总分的10%—15%。从近几年的中考命题趋势来看，完形填空基本上遵循“突出语篇，强调应用，注重实际”的设计思路，注重测试考生运用所学的知识，对文章提供的信息进行逻辑推理、分析归纳的综合能力。完形填空考查考生对语法、词汇、句型、句式、词语惯用法等的掌握情况，特别是考查动词、名词、形容词、副词等实词，此外还有状语从句的连接词、词组搭配及常用的词语、冠词、不定代词等。 2.考查难度 完形填空题型综合性较高，难度较大。具体地说，虽然完形填空首句不挖空，但是四个选项(个别试题给出三个选项)都有较强的迷惑性和干扰性，同时命题者加大了句子层次和语篇层次设空所占的比例，有些后置性设空的难度也较大，有的答案提示一直到篇末才出现，因此区分度较高。 3.试题特点 完形填空的基本设计形式都是从一篇短文中抽走10—15处，形成空白。可以说完形填空是根据一篇文章所提供的情景进行的选择填空，也可以说它是在缺少个别单词情况下的阅读理解，试题特点也逐渐出现了“情景推理多，语法选项少”的趋势。近年中考英语完形填空试题中，完全根据语法知识进行选择的很少。有的题目，既考查语法知识，也考查意义选择，而且淡化语法知识，侧重根据文章内容确定答案的“情景意义”选择几乎已经覆盖了完形填空的全部试题。 预计2015年中考完形填空题将继续体现“突出语篇”的命题原则，即“意义填空逐步取代语法填空”，题材和体裁的选取会更加生活化、多样化，选材内容新颖，时代感强，更加注重贴近学生的生活实际。加大对文章的结构意义、上下文衔接、逻辑思维等内容的考查，将是中考完形填空的命题趋势。 02 方法归纳能力提升化 1.重视首句，把握开篇 完形填空一般无标题，首句通常不挖空，是完整的一句。细读首句，可判断文章体裁，同时可预测文章的主旨和大意。 2.通读全文，掌握大意 解题前，要快速通读全文，了解文章的基本内容和整体结构。首先要跳过空白处，通读全文，遇到对意思理解不透的地方时，仍要快速阅读下去，不要把时间浪费在对个别字句的推敲上，应全力以赴捕捉可能获得的所有信息，尽快了解文章大意，弄清楚文章中涉及的“W”,即：who (人物)，what (事件)，when (时间)，where (地点)，why (原因)，whose(相互关系)。切忌看一空填一空，以免断章取义，误解作者的本意。 3.瞻前顾后，逐步填空 “瞻前顾后”，即答题时要回顾上一句，兼顾下一句。如果一句中有两个空白处待填，在初定答案时要“双管齐下”，在两处同时试填，然后通读全句，通过择优法或排除法最后确定答案。 4.抓住关键词，根据上下文解题 解题时，要善于发现文章中起重要作用的关键词、短语或句子，以便准确了解所提问题的特定语境以及语篇中的内在关系，做到言之有据。比如文章的第一句、每段的第一句和最后一句等，它们往往是全文或全段的主题句，通过它们可以知道文章的题材、大意、时间、人物和事件等。 5.复读全文，验证答案 把填好的短文通读一遍，将不合题意的答案调整或修改；如果实在无法确定，可以作推理性猜测，不可放弃不填。进行核查同时注意以下三点： (1)上下文的一致性：即时态语态的一致；代词、名词、单复数的一致。 (2)语法和惯用法及习惯搭配，甚至从语感入手，看是否符合上下文的逻辑。 (3)段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。 03 整合集训反馈层级化 ▲记叙篇 A(2014·镇江) Recently，I felt like I reached a very low point in life. My relationships weren’t good，I wasn’t enjoying my classes，and I felt like I had nothing to 1 .My life seemed to be full of endless homework，tests and loneliness. Nothing anyone said seemed 2 to me. I wasn’t sure what to do about myself. All I wanted was to be happy again，but I didn’t know who or what would 3 that. During these days，I had trouble sleeping. I had to take sleeping pills but still woke up in the midnight. I had no 4 but to tell my dad. He 5 the book The Secret.I immediately bought the e-book online and read the whole thing that night. I’m 6 quite a stubborn person，but the effect on my mood after finishing the book was 7 .Suddenly，I felt like life was beautiful again.
【英语】英语中考英语完形填空及答案经典
【英语】英语中考英语完形填空及答案经典 一、中考英语完形填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 After school on Friday, I waited at the school gate lo walk home with Jemma, as usual. Then I saw 1 talking and laughing happily with some other girls. She glanced （瞥了一眼） at me and left me alone there I knew fight then that I had 2 my best friend. At dinner, Mom asked. "Is Jemma coming by tomorrow?" I shrugged （耸肩） and said nothing. The next morning. Mom asked. "Today is 3 . What are you and Jemma going to do?" I shrugged again. " 4 is Jemma?" Mom took a look at me. Them she said, "Will you take these magazines to Grandma, please?" 5 I walked down the street, a new girl in the neighborhood came towards me, smiling. But I just went 6 her. Grandma welcomed me at the door with a warm hug. Sitting on the sofa, I noticed a（an） 7 of kids in old-fashioned clothes on the table . Grandma pointed at a girl with short fair hair. "That's Beth Lambert," she said. "My best friend. Until a week before we took this photo." I was 8 at that. "Beth and I were best friends in school. We did everything 9 . Then one day, she made new friends and said she didn't want to hang out with me anymore. Nothing hurt 10 that." I didn't say anything. I couldn't. I knew I'd start 11 if I opened my mouth. Grandma hugged me again. "Simone, sometimes friends grow 12 . It might happen to anyone," she continued. "Then, see him?" Grandma's finger 13 to a boy with glasses in the photo. "He lived near me. When I was walking home by myself 14 this boy was, too, I said 'hello'. And we became friends." "So, if we want to start a new friendship," she smiled. "One 15 is all it took." As I was heading home, that new girl appeared again. I went towards her and spoke, "Hello." 1. A. it B. them C. her D. him 2. A. lost B. hurt C. forgotten D. beaten 3. A. Monday B. Friday C. Saturday D. Sunday 4. A. How B. Where C. Which D. Who 5. A. As B. Before C. After D. Until 6. A. to B. past C. with D. against 7. A. card B. photo C. poster D. advertisement 8. A. glad B. angry C. satisfied D. surprised 9. A. together B. outside C. differently D. quickly 10. A. less than B. because of C. more than D. instead of
3 中考英语阅读完型专项练习精品版(附答案)
完型填空。 A father and his daughter were flying a kite in the park. The young daughter was a little bit tired，so they took a __1__on the bench. When the daughter saw an old man selling apples，she asked her father to buy her an apple. Her father didn't bring much money with him，but it was enough to buy two apples. So he did，and gave __2__ of them to his daughter，smiling. His daughter held one apple in her left hand and the other in the right hand. Then the father asked her if she could __3__ one of the apples with him. When the girl heard this，she quickly took a bite from one apple. And before her father could speak，she also took a bite from the __4__apple. The father was __5__. He wondered what mistake he made so that his daughter acted in such a greedy way. He was lost in thought. Perhaps he was just thinking too much，his daughter was too__6__ to understand about sharing and giving. A smile disappeared from his face. Suddenly，his daughter with an apple in her left hand said. “Daddy，have this one! It is much juicier and__7__.”Her father was speechless. He felt__8__ about making the judgment so quickly about a small child. But his smile __9__ knowing why his daughter quickly took a bite from each apple. Don't judge anything or draw a conclusion too quickly.__10__ spare some more time to understand things better. 1. A. walk B. shower C. break 2. A. both B. either C. neither 3. A. cut B. wash C. share 4. A. first B. second C. third 5. A. satisfied B. surprised C. moved 6. A. brave B. silly C. young 7. A. sweeter B. bitterer C. saltier 8. A. proud B. great C. bad 9. A. went away B. came back C. ran off 10. A. Always B. Never C. Seldom 阅读理解。 A People often think of the North Pole(北极) and the South Pole as similar frozen wastelands. They are both places with very cold temperatures and few people live there. However, the North and South Poles are not much alike as people may imagine. The North Pole has no land, only thick ice. Temperatures seldom go above 32°F, at which water turns into ice. Most of the time, it stays below zero. In winter temperatures are usually as low as -30℉. Although conditions were very poor, people tried for many centuries to reach the North Pole. About 100 years ago, two men, Robert Peary and Mathew Henson, were able to get to this environment full of troubles and difficulties. They reached the North Pole on March 8th, 1909. It was really a hard trip for them.
【英语】中考英语完形填空和阅读理解100及答案
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(北京专版)2020中考英语复习方案第四篇高分小卷速测12完形填空阅读理解D回答问题试题
小卷速测(十二) 完形填空+阅读理解D+回答问题 (限时:20分钟) Ⅰ. 完形填空 When I started working, I couldn’t understand why some people seemed to succeed in everything they tried.However, others just couldn’t manage to achieve anything.After a while, I found the biggest 1 lied in setting and reviewing goals regularly.A study shows those who have written goals and review them regularly are among the highest achievers. What do you do with your desires(渴望) in life? You could pay no attention to them and leave them to 2 in your mind, or start taking action to get what you want.You need to set goals.A goal starts with a simple desire. Do you use any 3 for not setting goals? Whatever it is, I am sure your excuse is limiting you.If you’re 4 about what you want, you might end up at a certain age with things that you didn’t wan t. Setting goals and reviewing them regularly can increase your chances of succeeding.It can give you the right direction and 5 you moving closer to what you want.You will achieve more in months than many people do in years. If you have a strong desire for something, you will have two 6 :wishful thinking, or taking action.You can wish for a miracle(奇迹), but do nothing.Or, you can get clear on the steps and take them, 7 , one by one until you reach success. Setting goals is the most important and necessary step to achieve success in any area.It begins with a desire, and then a written goal, 8 by the right attitude and action.Keep reviewing your goals and watch how your wish miraculously turns into your reality. ( )1.A.difference B.surprise C.hope D.sale ( )2.A.sing B.dance C.light D.disappear ( )3.A.tools B.excuses C.stories D.examples ( )4.A.excited B.unclear C.sure D.unhappy ( )5.A.imagine B.feel C.stop D.keep ( )6.A.steps B.decisions C.choices D.wishes ( )7.A.slowly B.suddenly C.luckily D.sadly ( )8.A.decided B.corrected C.followed D.built
中考英语完形填空专项训练20篇(附带答案解析)
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中考英语阅读及完型高频词汇总结
中考阅读及完型高频词汇总结actv.行动，表演 achievevt.完成；达到vi.达到目的 acceptvt./ vt.接受；承认；容纳同意； admirevi./vt.钦佩；赞美 affectvt.影响,感动 affordvt.给予，提供；买得起 agreementn.协定,协议,同意 aimn.目标，目的 allowvt.允许,准许 amazinga.令人惊讶的 ambulancen.救护车,野战医院 amountn.总数,数量,总和 appearvi.出现；似乎；显得； appearancen.外貌，外观；出现，露面applicationn.请求,申请,施用 againstprep.反对，违反；靠；倚；防备 adj.对立的；晦气的 articlen.文章,条款,物品 ashamedadj.羞耻的 at least至少，最低限度
athletica.运动的；竞技的 averagen.平衡数a.平衡的 avoidvt.避免；避开，躲避；消除 battlen.战役,斗争vi.作战 backward(s)adj.向后的；反向的； adv.相反地；向后地 forward(s)adv.前进地；向前； adj.向前方的；（社会、政治）进步的 basicadj.基本的；基础的n.基础；要素 beatvt.打；打败vi.打；打败；拍打 benefitn.利益，好处 vt.有益于，对…有益vi.受益 blamevt.责备,把…归咎于 blinda.瞎的,盲目的 bombv.轰炸n.炸弹 botherv.打扰 breathev.呼吸 bullyn. / v.欺负 cagen.笼,鸟笼,囚笼celebrationn.庆祝，祝贺 certainadj.确信的；有把握的pron.某些；某几个chainn.链,链条,项圈challengen.挑战
中考英语题阅读完形填空
中考英语题阅读完形填空
中考模拟题 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Smiling is the best way of making friends. When I was thirteen 46 old, my father found a job in the city. So my family moved there. I also came to a 47 school near where we live. My old school was far away. At first, I did not know anyone in my class. I was very lonely 48 I was afraid to make friends with my classmates. I 49 talk to anyone about my problem, and I didn’t want my parents to 50
me. Then one day, something good happened. I was sitting at my desk 51 as usual while my classmates were talking happily with each other. At that moment, 52 came into the classroom. I didn’t know who he was. He passed me and then turned back. He looked 53 me and, without a word, smiled. Suddenly, I felt happy, lively and warm. That smile changed my life. I started to talk with the other classmates and made friends. Day by day, I became 54 to everyone in my class. 55 the smile, I have moved on to a new life. Now, I believe that
中考英语完形填空试题分类汇编
中考英语完形填空试题分类汇编 一、中考英语完形填空（含答案详细解析） 1．完形填空 As a parent trainer I am now dealing with helicopter parents﹣ the ones who 1 all the difficulties and make it smooth sailing for their kids. Sometimes watching kids 2 without jumping in to fix it for them is the 3 thing parents can do. I appreciate someone who knows when it is time to let kids struggle a little 4 that's real life and Mom （or Dad）won't always be there to give help. So, let kids 5 real life and grow up by failing, keeping on trying, never giving up and sometimes 6 learning from making mistakes. 7 other words, parents have to be comfortable with the idea of allowing kids to fail as part of the learning 8 .What matters in learning? It isn't about whether or not it is perfect or correct. It matters whether or not kids have 9 to go to places, to see things, to play, to inquire and so on. That is what I think 10 should do for kids: give them time to be kids: give them chances to grow up and experience life themselves. 1. A. take away B. bring in C. put off D. give out 2. A. succeed B. study C. fail D. pray 3. A. happiest B. hardest C. easiest D. luckiest 4. A. because B. but C. so D. and 5. A. know B. learn C. get D. experience 6. A. actually B. simply C. hardly D. gradually 7. A. From B. With C. By D. In 8. A. result B. process C. goal D. cost 9. A. abilities B. money C. chances D. energy 10. A. parent trainers B. adults C. teachers D. parents 【答案】（1）A；（2）C；（3）B；（4）A；（5）D；（6）D；（7）D；（8）C；（9）C；（10）D； 【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要讲述了家长培训师通过培训家长该如何做才能够让 家长成为合格的父母。 （1）句意：作为一名家长培训师，我现在正在与直升机家长打交道——那些困难重重的家长，让他们的孩子一帆风顺。 take away带走, 摆脱, bring in带进来, put off脱下, give out用完, 结合后面make it smooth sailing for their kids可知：让孩子顺利航行。由此可以推断出这 里指"直升机父母"就是克服所有的困难，让孩子顺利航行的那些父母，故答案是A。 （2）句意：有时，看着孩子们不插手解决问题就失败了，这是父母能做的最困难的事情。succeed成功, study学习, fail失败, play玩耍, 根据后面without jumping in to fix it for them，可知父母不插手为他们解决问题，故答案是C。 （3）句意：有时，看着孩子们不插手解决问题就失败了，这是父母能做的最困难的事情。happiest最快乐的, hardest最难的, easiest最容易的, luckiest最幸运的, 根据上文As a parent trainer I am now dealing with helicopter parents—the ones whotake away all the difficulties and make it smooth sailing for their kids. 可知直升机父母就是克服所有的困难，让