13种英语时态详解

13种英语时态详解
13种英语时态详解

13种英语动词时态

语态分为两种:

1、主动语态:主语+谓语(主语发出动作)

2、被动语态:主语+系(be/情态词)+表语(主语承受动作,动作变过去分词)

动词的加工分为16种,动词的加工就是时态。

以下讨论的是所有16种时态中的13种。其余的不讨论。

一、一般现在时

一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态

例如习惯、客观事实、和普遍真理等。

例句:The earth revolves around the sun.地球围着太阳转。

【注】当主句为现在或将来时态时,则按实际句意可使用各种相应时态。

谓语/ be(is am are)/情态动词:原形/第三人称单数

二、一般过去时

一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。

这种动作或状态可能只限于一次,也可能是过去经常发生的。

1.用过去时的动词表示:

A.动作状态出现在过去,与其它内容成份无关:动词(谓/系/情)用过去式

B.用“used+to+do”表示过去习惯动作或存在状态,而“would+do”表示过去多次动作。When I lived in Shanghai,I used to learn Chinese from Mr.Fang.

当我住在上海时,我常向方先生学习汉语。

三、一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态(动作、状态发生在将来):

will/shall+动词(谓/系/情)原形

This afternoon we shall go to the net friend club.

今天下午我们将去网友俱乐部。

【注】will/shall的用法:

1. 【注】主将从现:

在以when,if等连接的时间或条件状语从句内,要用现在时态替代将来时:

I shall give you the book when I see you tomorrow.明天见到你时,我就将书交给你。

2.将来时还可以用来表示一种倾向或一种固有的特性:

Without air and water a living thing will die.没有空气和水,生物便会死亡。

3.将来时还可以用下列五种形式表示即将发生或打算做的事:

A.“be going +to do”例It is going to rain.要下雨了。

B.“be+about+to do”例The water is about to boil. 这水马上就要开了。

【注】本类句子不再用时间状语,也不能用now之类的词语。

C.“be to+do”例There is to be a meeting next Monday.下周一要安排一个会。

【注】本句型不但有打算而且一定要实现。

D.“be on/at the point of...”也表示预期将来,但是动作发生就在眼前。

例:The patient is at/on the point of death.这位病人即将死去。

E.表示往来动作含义的某些动词

例:arrive到达、come来、leave离开、go去、start动身、return返回、以及do做、issue 发行、publish出版。

有时用现在进行时表将来

例:He is coming here next week.他下周来这里。

F.注意“is,am或are+likely(或unlikely,liable,certain,sure,bound)+带to的不定式”也表示将来一般时的含义。

例:We are certain/sure to wait your children.我们一定会照应你的孩子。

【注】如果句中不定式用完成时形式,则句义表示对目前情况的判断。

例:The project is likely to have been discussed.这个项目可能已作了讨论。

四、过去将来时

过去将来时表示过去某一时刻以后将发生的动作或存在的状态。

表达式为:主语+would(第一人称用should)+do

Yesterday he learned that we should go to work in a major high-tech firm next week.

昨天他听说我们下个星期将去一个大型高科技公司工作。

(句中go动作虽然尚未发生,但这里着眼点是与learned这个过去的动作相比,故用过去将来时)

【注1】在第三种时态一般将来时的第3类中A~E五项,只要把其中的be改成过去一般将来时形式was或were,也就可变成过去将来时。

例:She said she was about to start.她说他马上就要动身了。

【注2】如果该用过去将来时句子中出来表示将来的具体时间,则可用一般将来时代替过去将来时。例:

He said he will do it in 2025.他说他将在2025年做这件事。

五、现在进行时

1.现在进行时表示此时此刻或目前一段时间内正在进行或不断进行的动作。

be(is am are)+ 谓/系-ing

They are reading English beneath the window.他们正在窗户底下读英语。

【注】在时间或条件状语从句中,可用现在进行时代替将来进行时。

例:You will learn a lot from the programmers while you are working in the computing center.

当你在计算中心工作时,你们将向程序员学习很多东西。(注意主句谓语为一般将来时)

2.现在进行时和一般现在时比较:

A.John is singing.He sings beautifully.约翰正在唱歌。他唱得很优美。

前面部分是当正在进行的动作或状态,而后部分是一般情况。

六、过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某时刻或某阶段内正在进行的动作。

be(was were)+ 谓/系-ing

At ten this morning,I was receiving a radio station at 990kHz.

今天上午十点,就在收听990千赫的无线电台。

七、将来进行时

表示将来某时刻或某阶段内进行的动作,其表达式为:

Will/shall be + 谓/系-ing

(BE+现在分词:时间背景是一段时间,强调动作的暂时性)

例:At this time tomorrow we shall be waiting for you in Bank of China.

明天这个时候,我们将在中国银行等你。

Man was,is and always will be trying to improve his living conditions.

人类过去,现在而且将来总是在尽力改善生活条件。

【注】在口语中常用将来进行时来表示预期即将发生或势必发生的事。

例:Joe will come here to see you.乔将来这里见你。(表示一种意志、意向和坚持)

八、现在完成时

1.现在完成时的基本意义和形式:have/has+谓/系过去分词

一个过去发生而对现在还有影响的动作,

或者表示过去一直继续带现在的动作或状态。

通过动作总结到目前为止的经验、经历

There have been a lot of changes here in the last twenty years.

过去20年,这里发生了许多变化。

【注1】“have got+名词”形式上是现在完成时,实际上和have具有相同意思。

例:He has got a few compact discs. 他有几个光盘。

【注2】当状语为already, not yet,in the last ten years,in the past there years,before,lately,in recent years,recently,during the past five years,within the past decade,since then,in these days,for a long time等时,谓语仍可用现在完成时。

当状语为yesterday,last year,after 1949,in1998等时,谓语通常用过去一般时。

2.现在完成时与一般过去时的比较:

A.I opened the windows this morning.今天早晨我开了窗户。

B.I have opened the windows .我已把窗户打开了。

C.He came here last week.他上星期来这里的。

D.He has come here.他已经来到这里了。

从上述的句子中可以看出,A与C句子中出现了表示过去时间的状语,着重表示过去发生的动作,至于现在“窗户是否仍开着”和“他是否走了”就不得而知了。B与D句子中现在完成时着重过去动作的现状,即联系到目前时刻或过去动作在目前产生的影响。具体的说,“窗户现在仍开着”、“他现在仍在,没走”。

【注1】现在有一种倾向,在随便谈话时,常用过去一般时代替现在完成时。

【注2】注意“have just+过去分词”具有现在完成时形式,但表示“刚才做……”之意。例:She has just seen such a thing.她刚才见到这样的东西。

【注3】just now既可与一般时连用,有可与一般现在时连用,但含义各异。

A.What she told me just now is right.他刚才告诉我的事是对的

B.They are busy just now.他们现在正忙着呢。

【注4】如果主句用将来时,而时间或条件状语从句用现在完成时,则该现在完成时的谓语实际上指将来的动作,并且先于主句的谓语动作。例:

He will help us if he has done his homework.如果他做完课外作业,他就会帮助我们的。

九、过去完成时

过去完成时表示过去某时刻或某动作以前已经完成的动作,即表示“过去的过去”

通过动作说明对过去造成的影响,到过去为止动作持续一段时间,通过动作总结到过去为止的经验、经历。have/has+谓/系过去分词

They had failed several times,nevertheless they were confident that they would succeed in the end.他们失败过几次,但仍然相信最后是能成功的。

本句一they were confident(过去一般时)作为基准时间,前句为“过去的过去”;后句是“过去的将来”,故用过去将来时。

【注1】过去完成时还可以用来表示本来打算做而实际上没有做的事。由此推论,对过去事实相反的假设,也就可以用过去完成时的形式来表示。这是过去完成时变为虚拟语气表示法中的一种形式。

例:I had hoped to go for a walk,but someone called and I could not get away.

我本来希望出去散步。但是有人来找,脱不了身。

【注2】出去假设句以外,在表示“过去的过去”这类句子中,若出现表示过去的绝对时间(如in 1976等)或以今天时间作为基准而表达的相对时间(如yesterday,last night等),则仍须用一般过去时。

例:She told me that her teacher came here yesterday.她告诉我,她的老师昨天来这里了。

十、将来完成时

将来完成时表示在将来某时刻之前完成的动作。其表达式为:

主语+shall/will(但二,三人称用will)+have+过去分词。

When you come at eight o’clock tonight,I shall h ave reviewed ten lessons.

你今晚八点来时,我将已复习完十课书。

十一、现在完成进行时

1.现在完成进行时基本意义和形式:have/has+been+谓/系-ing(现在分词)

现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一刻开始,一直延续到现在,强调动作的延续过程。但这个动作可能刚刚终止,也可能仍在进行。其表达式为:主语+have/has+been+现在分词He has been watching Animal World TV the whole morning. 他整个上午一直在看动物世界。注意:它和现在一般时态句中用always的用法不同,后者指过去、现在、即将来“一直”。

2.现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较

现在完成时着眼于过去发生或发生的动作与现在的联系,而现在完成进行时,则着眼于现在到以前一段时间内动作一直进行的过程本身。例:

I have been reading the book for the whole day, yet I have not finished it.我整天一直在读这本书,但是还没读完。

I have read the book.我读过这本书了。

前一句着眼于“一直不停地读”,但是没有说明是否读完或可能读完。还须靠下文交代。但后一句“have read”着重说明“读过”或“读完”了。

十二、过去完成进行时

过去完成进行时表示动作过去某一时间之前开始,并延续到过去这个时间。这一动作当时可能还在进行,也可能已经停止。其表达式为:主语+had been+现在分词例:

Derek told me that he had been waiting for me for two hours.德里告诉我,他一直等了我两个小时。(动作不在延续)

By the time I came to China Telecom ,Ann had been working here for eight years.

到我来中国电信时,安在这里已经一直工作了八年。(当时动作可能还在进行。句中by the time引出一个时间状语从句。)

十三、将来完成时进行时

将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻以前一直延续的动作。其表达式为:主语+will(第一人称用shall)+have been+现在分词

By next summer she will have been working in the insurance company for three years.到明年夏天,她一直在保险公司工作将有三年了。

动词以一定的词形变化形式来表达事物之动作或状态的时间性者称为时态(Tense) 词形变化的形式共有如下四种:

1.一般式(Simple Form)

2.进行式(Progressive Form)

3.完成式(Perfect Form)

4.完成进行式(Perfect Progressive Form)

动作或状态的时间性则可分为如下三个时段:

1.现在(Present)

2.过去(Past)

3.将来(Future)

这四种词形形式和三个时段可以配合成如下的十二种动词的时态。

现在一般式

进行式

完成式

完成进行式

过去一般式

进行式

完成式

完成进行式

将来一般式

进行式

完成式

完成进行式

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He can speak five foreign languages . Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。 The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。 4) 根据英文语法规定,当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如: I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。 If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 5)现在时的特殊用法:一般现在时表过去 1. 用于某些动词(tell, say, hear, learn, gather等)表示不确定的过去时间。如: I hear that he got married last month. 我听说他上个月结婚了。 Mary says you told her to come over here. 玛丽说是你让她到这儿来的。 2. 当要陈述一个客观事实时,有时即使有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时。如: The story is set in the summer of 1937. 故事的背景是1937年夏天。 The story begins in the year 1937. 故事开始于1937年。 练习 1)He always _____ ( get)up early. 2)Mary often ______(do)some shopping on Sundays 3).I’ll go with you as soon as I_______(finish)my homework. 4)If he _______(come) here, I will tell you 5)The earth ________( move) round the sun. 6)Tom sometimes ________(have) lunch at school. 7)Lily usually ________(fly) kites on weekends.

初中英语时态专项讲解与练习题

初中英语时态专项讲解 与练习题 Revised as of 23 November 2020

练习(一) 1. He stepped into the office, _____down and began to fill in the forms. A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it 2. She said she would telephone but we _____from her so far. A. haven’t heard B. didn’t hear C. hadn’t heard D. won’t hear 3. When I got to the cinema, the film____ for ten minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. had been on D. was 4. I’ll go with you as soon as I____ my homework. A. will finish B. finish C. am finishing D. finished 5. If it_____ tomorrow, I won’t go to the cinema. A. will rain B. rains C. is raining D. rained 6. She is going to be a nurse when she_____ up. A. is going to grow B. grows C. growing D. grew 7. .— Come in, Peter, I want to show you something. — Oh, how nice of you! I_____ you_____ to bring me a gift. A. never think; are going B. never thought; were going C. didn’t think; were going D. hadn’t thought; were going 8. When I was at college I_____ three foreign languages, but I_____ all except for a few words of each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten 9. The police found that the house_____ and a lot of things____. A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen 10. The volleyball match will be put off if it____. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining 11. Mary_____ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 12. The students_____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she____ in the office. A. had written; left B. were writing; has left C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left 13. .— Have you moved into the new house — No yet, the rooms_____. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting 14. — We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. — What do you suppose____ to her — What do you suppose____ to her A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 15. — Do you know our town at all ——No, this is the first time I _____here. A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. won’t be 16. — We could have walked to the station. It was so near. — Yes, a taxi_____ at all necessary. A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened 17. If city noises_____ from increasing, people_____ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.

英语时态练习题及答案

10.I __________(feel) much better after I _______(take) the medicine. 11.”Where ________we________(meet)?” “Let’s meet outside the park gate.” 12.I_________(be) afraid Mr. Johnson __________(not visit) our school tomorrow. 13.I _________(lose) my bike ._________you _________(see) it anywhere? 14.________this kind of car __________(produce) in Shanghai? 15.We __________(see) several members of the family since we ________(arrive) 16.I found that the students _________(play) football on the playground. 17.The shop ___________(close) at this time of day. 18.Where ________your watch _________(lose)? 19.________the doctor __________(send) for last night? 20.The child ___________(take) good care by the nurse. 21.Some children ___________(take ) good care by the nurse. 22.Some new houses _________(build) by the villagers themselves. 23.What language ________(speak) in Australia? 24.The color TV _________(buy) in that shop three days ago. 25.He said he __________(stay) here for another two days. 26.The doctor said Jim must ________(operate ) on at once. 27.“__________the bridge _______(repair) yet?”“Yes, the workers_______ already______(repair) it.” 28.We are in Grade One this year, so we _________(teach ) physics next year. 29.“Where _________(be) you last night?”“I_________(ask) to help Tom at home” 30.The big tree ________(blow)down in the storm last night. 31.have, eaten 32.got/ had got 33.were having 34.would visit 35.will wait 36.are watching 37.have been 38.snows 39.had studied

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一般现在时练习题 二、判断句子的正误, 并改正。 1.Betty do morning exercises every day. 2.I plays on the beach. 3.The trees falls their leaves. 4.I like to wearing shirts and running. 5.Smiths is watering the flowers. 6.They usually have supper at seven o’clock. 7.They’re climbs a tree. 8.You mustn't play football here. 9.The rabbit wants some vegetables. 10.I sometimes watching TV on Sunday. 四、根据汉语意思填空: 1. Can you _______the ball at the net, Danny? (扔) 2. After I wash my face, I ________ my hair. (梳理) 3. Do you _______ the picture? (记得) 4. ________ you _______ at ________?(你擅长唱歌吗?)Yes, I am. 5. Mr Green often _________ _________________ in the countryside. (散步) 6. I ________ a red bag. But he _______ a blue one. (有) 7. Mother always ________ TV in the evening. (看电视) 现在进行时练习题 一、写出下列单词的现在分词: 1. speak ______ 2. run _______ 3. swim ______ 4. do ____ask _______ 6. begin _______ 7. dance ______ 8.eat ______ 9. sing ________ 10 fly _______ 11. jog ______12. come ______13. talk ____ 14.sleep ______ 15. fight _____ 16.jump ______17. get _________ 18. buy _______ 19. cook __________ 20.skate __________ 二、用单词的适当形式填空: 1. look! Chen Jie and Mike are ___________(sing)now. 2. The small bear is ________ (climb) the tree. 3. Mike is ________ (draw) picture. 4. She is ________ (do) the dishes. 5. My brother is ________ (make) kites. 6. My father is ________ (read) a newspaper in living room. 7. Ted is __________(answer) the phone. 8. My uncle is ________ (drive) a car. 9. The students are ________(listen) to their teacher carefully. 10. Chen Jie is _________(wash) clothes. 11. His sister is ________ (write) an e-mail. 12. We are __________(clean) the classroom now. 13. I’m ________(work) on my computer. 14. They are _________(play) basketball. 15. The tiger is ________(walk). 16. The elephant is _________(drink) water with its trunk.

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