2015考研英语笔记
2015英语考试共3个小时，分完型、阅读和写作（大小作文）
建议答题顺序
若觉得刚开始答题比较清醒则：
1、一开始，精力充沛，先做Part A （四篇阅读），18min/篇（15~20min）
2、再做翻译，共5句。5min/句（25~30min）
3、新题型（排序题）30min
4、小作文10~15min（100字）
5、大作文30min（160~200字）
6、完型13~15min
若觉得刚开始答题状态还没调整好则：按题目顺序答题
1、2：00~2:15 完型
2、2:15~3:20 阅读4篇
3、3:20~3:40 新题型
4、3:40~4:05 翻译
4:05~4:20 小作文
4:20~5:00 大作文
PS：考研前一年的9月份每个周六下午2：00~5：00摸考训练，要做最近几年的真题一个星期做一套题，不要只看答案，要精读总结
考试前做份简单的，增加信心
一、完型（考语法和词汇）答题技巧——八原则
（一）虚拟语气原则
1、条件状语从句中的虚拟
(1)与现在事实相反
从句：If did(were) 主句：would/should/could/might do (2)与过去事实相反
从句：If had done 主句：would/should/could/might have done (3)与将来事实相反
did
从句：If were to do 主句：would do
should do
考点
1、错综条件句
If you had come tomorrow,you could see him tomorrow（真实情况是明天你不会来）
2、倒装句
若had were should 移到句首，变成倒装（此点考察难度比较大）
3、but or（否则）otherwise 用虚拟
I was ill yesterday,otherwise,I would have come to see you.
2、宾语从句中的虚拟
（1）I wish that did(were) 现在
had done 过去
I wish I had a lot of money 我希望我有钱（实际上现在没有钱）
（2）suggest that (should)do
考点
1、第三人称（he、she、it）
I suggest that he study hard.
2、not do
I suggest that he not study hard.
3、be done
I suggest that the work be done
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PS：表建议的词：
Advise/propose/recommend/move（提议）/order/demand/request/insist（表“坚决要求”用虚拟，表“坚持”用真实语气）
表命令要求的词：
（3）would rather that did 希望……
I would rather that you stayde at home
3、主语从句中的虚拟
（1）I t is suggested that (should)do
（2）It is important/necessary/essential/vital/imperative that (should)do
（3）It is time that did
4、表语从句中的虚拟
My suggestion/advice/proposal/recommendation/motion/order/request/requirement that(should)do 5、其他
（1）as if/through did 与现在事实相反
had did 与过去事实相反
he looks at me as if he had known me.
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（2）lest（以免、以防、万一）should do
He put on more clothes lest he should get cold
（3）If only（句首）…要是。。。就好了，表强烈希望
If only did
Had done
（4）May（放句首）do 祝愿
May you succeed
（5）whether do不管…
Whether he be rich or poor,she will marry him
Be he rich or poor,she will marry him（倒装）
She will marry him（？）rich or poor?（难句）
A、he is
B、is he
C、he be
D、be he
虚拟考点网络图
关于If在完型中的选择
As if 一般为正确选项——可根据意思和结构其正确性
If only 一般为错误选项
Only if（只有在。。。条件下）一般为正确选项
Even if 一般为正确选项
If so 一般为错误选项
（二）从句原则
从句可分为：名词性从句、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（状语从句）名词性从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
形容词性从句分为：关系代词引导的定语从句和关系副词引导的定语从句
副词性从句分为：时间、条件、原因、地点、让步、因果状语从句（6种）
1、名词性从句
三大考（难）点：what、that、其他
（1）what 的用法
特点：①充当主语或宾语②“的”字结构
What he said is right(what做said的宾语，翻译为“他所说的是对的)
(2)that 的用法
①不充当任何成分②无意义
That he is a good student is known to all
(4)其他：wh-
①充当成分②自身的意义，本意
When\where\why\who\whom\whose\which\whether\how
When we will have a meeting isn’t clear.
2、同位语从句——必须用that
The news that he passed the exam made me happy.
(1)从句所修饰的名词一般是 news\idea\fact\evidence\sign…
(2)从句一般用来说明前面名词的内容
(3)从句中不缺少任何成分
3、定语从句（该句型要会用于写作中）
（1）关系代词先行词是人：who whom whose that
先行词是物：which whose that
关系副词 when where why
This is the man who teaches us English（先行词是人）
①作主语或宾语②代替先行词的意思
This is the book which bought today(先行词是物)
考点
1、只用that引导的定语从句
（1）先行词是sth,anything,everything,nothing,all等不定代词
（2）先行词被some,any,every,no,all修饰时
（3）先行词被the only,the very修饰时
（4）先行词被形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
（5）先行词前既有人又有物时
（6）以what或who开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句
2、只用which引导的定语从句
(1)非限定性定语从句中
(2)在介词后
3、介词+关系代词
There are thirty students in our class,of whom most are from the north.
4、As 引导的定语从句
(1)当先行词被the same或such修饰时
I bought such a book as you bought
(2)先行词是整个句子时
(3)当定语从句放句首时（“正如“的意思）
As is known to all,he is a good student
5、than引导的定语从句
当先行词被比较级修饰时
I have more money than you give me
关系副词
This is the school where I met her
①先行词是地点②作地点状语③代替先行词的意思This is the day when I met her
①先行词是时间②作时间状语③代替先行词的意思This is the reason why …
①先行词是原因②作原因状语③代替先行词的意思考点
先行词是时间却不能用when引导
The day which he spent with her will stay in his mind forever
先行词是地点却不能用where引导
This is the school which he visited.
4、状语从句
（1）时间状语when which as(so)long as as far as
（2）原因because since as for
（3）地点where
（4）条件if once（一旦）unless（除非）
（5）目的so that in order that（从句中一般只有情态动词）（6）让步although though
从句考点网络图
in that=because 因为
now that 既然——让步状语
seeing that 既然
provided(that) 假如、如果——条件状语
in case that 如果
except that so that 没有“such that”这种搭配！！！
（三）倒装原则
否定词的倒装：
neither,nor,或not放在句首时，要将助动词放到主语前面
I can’t speak English,neither can he
Looks at the two boys,neither of them comes from USA
Not untill I get home will he go to bed
(四)复现原则
1、原词复现：选项中出现正文里原封不动的词
2、同意复现：选项中出现正文里意思相近的词
3、反义复现：选项中出现正文里意思相反的词
（五）并列原则
1、并列句中
A B C,and X ____Y 成分找成分（即A和X对应，C和Y对应，则B和____对应）
Whereas while instead but
2、并列连词
instead of
A or
B better than other than
rather than
3、of 前后并列
A of
B the city of beijing
(六)释义原则
（七）逻辑原则——转折、因果
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从句中用although/because的概率达50%，主句中however的概率占90%
二、作文
（一）小作文——应用文
1、要求：
100字（答题卡上共11行，最好写满，差不多150字），笔尖不要细的，不要用浅色笔写（作文扫描到网上阅卷，太细太浅看不清）
2、内容：
辞职、申请、建议、道歉、通知、邀请、推荐、求职、投诉等
3、应用文的六句口诀：
（1）开门见山说意图（2）信息要点覆盖全
（3）不同方面可分段（用fiist second third分条写）
（4）咨询建议分点好（5）感谢客气（6）期待回信
4、小作文综合模板
(Jan.10.2011)
称呼：
第一段：照抄或改编小作文的要求部分
第二段：三点建议或原因
第三段：I am looking forward to your reply
Yours …
（二）大作文（以图画题为主，极小可能出图表题）
1、要求：
160~200字，写成三段论，一段6句话，注意句式和词汇（闪光词）的使用
句子要切题、条理
PS
2、主题句的写法
主题三要素：（1）topic （2）controlling idea论述方面（3）吸引人的方面
Good study habbit are useful to college student
主题论述方面
There are three reasons why I love her
论述方面主题
BMW is a fine car
论述太宽泛，不好
3、大作文写作格式（图画式作文）
（1）第一段：描述图画
①主动式
The picture(cartoon/drawing)shows/manifests/depicts/describe…
According to the figures shows in table/graph/bar chart ,we can see that…
②被动式
As is shown/depicted in the picture…
③介词短语
In the picture…
（2）第二段：若是反映哲理的图则阐述寓意，反映现象的图就分析原因
若是哲理题
Having scrutinized（审查）the details of the picture,we can discuss the implications（寓意）subtly conveyed from it.
Now people in growing/increasing/significant numbers are beginning to realize (understand/recognize/accept/be awared)that …
①翻译图画下面的文本提示语
②主题词（无提示语，需自己总结的）is of great important in our daily life
若是现象题
Recently the issue/problem/question/phenomenon of ….has been in the limelight
Recently the issue +同位语has been brought into focus/brought to public attention/posed among the general public
（3）第三段：若是反映哲理的图则发表评论，反映现象的图就提出建议
若是哲理，就评论
In my opinion/view as far as I am concerned from my own perspective I strongly hold that
As far as I am concerned,I strongly hold that such a virtue/phenomenon should be advocated(prevented)openly and enthusiastically
若是现象，就建议
As far as I am concerned,I strongly hold two effective measures should be taken to cope with the phenomenon.
第一段：①概述②描述③引申:翻译图中提示语或使用万能句子
第二段：①寓意②原因
第三段：①观点②分析③总结PS：收尾三招：强调主题、总结主题、展望未来=>It will only be a matter of time before the problem become things of the past.
段落扩展的四大杀手锏（主要用于第二段）：获取更多免费资料，加微信公众号：kaoyanyun
（1）作比较（2）找原因（3）举例子（4）混合使用
5、图表类型作文（与图画题格式类似）
柱状图bar chart 饼状图pie chart
As is shown in the graph,the total chart is divided into…尽可能少罗列数字
Total …is divided in four parts,with A、B、C and D making up % % % % respectly
The total...is divided into four part,with A and B making up…%totally. 抓主要矛盾
引申：尽管图中数字看起来是孤立存在的，但事实上他们是紧密相连的
Isolated as the figures seem to be,as a matter of fact,they are connected to one another closely
（三）句子写作
1、五个基本句型
（1）主语+系动词+表语
She is beautiful
All the tourists seemed pleased
（2）主语+谓语（Vi）
Everybody laughs
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（3）主语+谓语（Vt）+宾语
He opened the door
（4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+宾语
I gave the old man some money
间接宾语直接宾语
I gave some money to the old man
（5）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
We found him safe and sound 形容词
We caught them stealing apples 动名词
They advised him to accept theoffer 不定式作宾补
We elected him the new monitor. 名词
2、句子扩展法（3途径）
（1）增加修饰成分
①形容词或副词②同位语做插入语③介词结构作修饰
In a sun-shining summer afternoon,the pump old zhang,with a white shirt,an old guy in his forties,enthusiastically gives us a disappoint writing lecture,more boring than the reading lecture.
（2）从属结构
①名词性从句
三大难点：“的”字结构用what 不缺结构用that 自身意义用其他
②定语从句（作文中一定要用到）
想到她/他就用who 代替物体用which 表示“谁的”用whose
写到谓语停一停，注意谓语的单复数形式及时态变化
状语从句（6种）获取更多免费资料，加微信公众号：kaoyanyun
（3）并列句
And but so than either…or neither…nor
（4）非谓语动词
若前后主语相同，去一个主语，将句号改逗号，并将其中一个动词+ing或having done
我是一名教师，我讲课（前后主语相同都是“我”）I am a teacher,I give classes=>Being a teacher,I give classes或I ,being a teacher,give classes
我不是一名教师，我讲课
I ,not being a teacher,give classes 现在分词否定时
我过去是学生，但现在我讲课
I ,having been a students,give classes 现在分词完成时
I ,not having been a students,give classes
How can you,not being a fish,know the happiness of a fish?（汝非鱼，安知鱼之乐乎？）
若前后主语不相同，用独立主格结构
It is hot today,I stay at home=>It being hot today,I stay at home.
3、段落的扩展
扩展要求：（1）段落统一性
（2）段落连贯性：使用代词、过渡词、关键词的重复
扩展方法：
（1）列举法listing/addition
（2）举例法examplification
（3）描述法description
（4）因果法cause-effect
（5）比较对比法comparison and contrast
（6）分类法classification
（7）定义法definition
4、高分词
（1）Very
Exceedingly/excessively/extremely/surpassingly/absolutely/highly
（2）Although
Admitting that/conceding that/in spited of the fact that/for all that
（3）Because
Considering that/seeing that/on the ground that/on account of the fact that/in the light of the fact that
（4）If
Providing that/assuming that/in case that/supposing that
（5）When
The instant/moment that
（6）good/bad
desirable/satisfactory/pleasant
（7）like
appreciate/delight in/take pleasure in/be crazy about
（8）enough
abundant/adequate/ample/sufficient
（9）many
a multitude of/a mass of/a sea of
（10）more and more people
people in growing/increasing/significant numbers
（11）most students
an overwhelming majority of/a sizable percentage of/a significant proportion of
（12）think
harbor/hold the view(idea)that take the attitude that
It is widely shared that
It is universally acknowledged that
(13)show
Demonstrate/display/exhibit/illustrate/indicate/manifest/reveal
(14)not
By no means
By no means will he come
(15)can
Be competent to be be capable of doing
5、闪光词（漂亮的连词）
（1）表递进关系的词
In addition/additionally/moreover/furthermore/what’s more/besides
（2）例举关系的词
For example/instance
No better illustration of this idea/phenomenon can be thought than the example to be mentioned below.
The following illustration can serve as a strong evidence of this idea/phenomenon
（3）表次序关系的词
Firstly,secondly,thirdly
In the first place,in the second place,finally
For one thing,for another,still another
（4）表过渡关系的词
Regarding（致于、关于）/concerning/considering/with reference to/as to/as for
（5）表总结关系的词
To conclude/in conclusion/to summarize/to sum up/in summary/in brief/in short/in a word/all in all
（6）表因果关系的词
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原因：because/since/as/for/due to/owing to/thanks to/on account of
结果：so/thus/hence/therefore/accordingly/consequently/as a result/as a consequence
（7）表转折关系的词
But/however/on the contrary/on the other hand/nonetheless/nevertheless
（8）表对照关系的词
In contrast/instead/whereas/while/on one hand…on the other hand
（9）表解释关系的词
As a matter of fact/frankly speaking/in this case/in other words
（10）表强调关系的词
Of course/indeed（实际上、事实上）/above all/in fact
三、翻译
（一）步骤：
1、一断一合
2、逐片段进行词汇释义
3、各个片段语序调整
4、总体整合
（二）翻译基本原则
1、见到以下标志将句子断开，逐段翻译
（1），；——：
（2）从句引导词（引导词省略的也要拆开）
（3）比较结构之处获取更多免费资料，加微信公众号：kaoyanyun
My interest in English has arisen,less through…but more from…
2、见到连续修饰结构将其合并
A of
B of
C in
D for E为了E这个目的，在D方面，C的B的A。
（三）英语和汉语翻译的区别
英语汉语
1、多同义替换多重复
将英语的近义替换词用同一个词等同起来
2、多抽象多具体
将句中抽象概念具体化：抽象Vi + 宾语，抽象Vt 可根据语境翻译，抽象名词翻译成短语
We are caught up in a discussion about the situation in Afghanistan when the professor walked into the classroom 当教授走进教室的时候，发现我们正在兴致勃勃地谈论阿富汗的局势。
Even an elementary knowledge of statistics is sufficient to enable the journalist to avoid misleading his readers.即使只有一点统计学的只是也足以让记者避免误导他的读者/报道失真。
3、常使用被动使用主动
（1）若by后为动作发出者，以其为主语将被动主动化
These machines are operated by a worker only. 这些机器仅由一名工人操纵
（2）将“被”字翻译为“受到、得到、遭到”
The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science 这项发现在科学界得到了高度的评价
（3）加上虚无的主语“人们、我们”将句子主动化
Rubber is found to be a good isolating material 人们发现，橡胶是一种很好的绝缘材料。
（4）将被动灵活转换为祈使句或判断句
The result of the invention of the steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power. 蒸汽机发明的结果是机械力代替了人力。
（5）形式主语
It cannot be denied that…It has been illustrated that
It is estimated that…It isproposed that…
训练：Additional International Standards may be added to the series in the future.
将来可能对本系列标准添加若干项国际化标准。
The ApollpXII crew reprorted that their spaceship was being followed by tow UFOs.
阿波罗号全体船员报告说他们的飞船受到不明飞行物的跟踪。
For separating iron from the impurities the iron ore must be melted
为了将铁跟杂质分开，必须将铁矿石熔化。
Over the years;tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.
许多年过去了，历史学家和科学的思想家在很大程度上忽视了工具和技术本身作为根本性创造的源泉。
4、句子多糅合句子常分解
（四）从句（定、状、同位）、比较结构和并列句处
1、定语从句翻译准则
（1）若从句较短则翻译成“的”字结构放在先行词前
The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind;it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.
科学研究的方法只不过是人类思维活动模式的必要表达，也就是说它是对一切现象进行推理并给出精准的解释的一种模式
（2）若从句较长则翻译成复指补充结构
They would have had to live the rest of their lives under the stigma that they had recklessly precipitated an action which wrecked the Summit Conference and conceivably could have launched a nuclear war.
他们不得不在耻辱中度过他们的后半生，这个耻辱就是他们曾贸然参与了一项行动，这项行动破坏了首脑会议，并且可以设想可能导致了一场核战争。
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（3）当主句过于空洞时，不论从句长与短，都翻译成“的”字结构
World War II was,however,more complex than World War I,which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets,resources and territories.
第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强争夺市场、资源和领土的冲突，而第二次世界大战比第一次更复杂。
（4）当主句和从句蕴含某种逻辑关系时，要体现出这种逻辑关系
训练：In such an experient the insects can be taught to fly to the ultra-violet,which for us is just darkness. 在这项实验中，能够训练昆虫飞向紫外线，而紫外线对我们来说只是一片黑暗。There are many people who want to read the book. 许多人想读这本书
Christmas carols are loved by all who hear and sing it every year.圣诞颂为人们所喜爱，人们每年都欣赏和演唱。
2、同位语从句(获取更多免费资料，加微信公众号：kaoyanyun)
（1）若同位语从句靠前，先翻译同位语从句：“同位语，这/即是说。。。”
（2）若同位语从句靠后，先翻译句子主干：
（五）英语特有的表达习惯
1、时态意义的问题（是过去式、现在时还是完成时？）
You were,you are,you remain to be my beloved girl.
你是我爱的女孩，过去是，现在是，将来还是。
2、语序调整的问题
（1）完全倒装
特点：①以状语开头②谓语动词表“移动”或“处所”
To the south of the tower locates a square.
(3)不完全倒装
Hardly didi I get home,when it rained.
No sooner…than in no case… under no circumstance by no means Only + 状语要倒装
Young as he is, he has already 7 wives.
If there were anything I can help you,please write without hesitation.
=Were there
All would be well (if)reason were the only judge in the debate
All would be well were reason the only judge in the debate
(4)平衡倒装
I make A B. 若A太长则可改写为：I make B A
I make good friend the girl I met in south Europe
(5)省略现象
英语喜欢主语完整，从句省略。汉语则相反
That our environment has little,if anything,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.
我们的环境同我们的才能、性格和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。
（6）特殊句式注意
①More A than B less B than A not so much B as /but A
It was a curious exchange,less a debate than aquarrel between two aggressive men,each of them determined to impress the audience as more peaceful than the other.
这是一次奇妙的交谈，与其说是两个好斗的人之间的一场辩论，不如说是一次吵嘴，双方都竭力想使听众觉得自己比对方更爱和平。
However,this is not so much a weakness in his work as it is the inevitable result of scholars’neglect of this period.获取更多免费资料，加微信公众号：kaoyanyun来往公众号：好给力
然而，与其说是他作品中的弱点，不如说是学者们对这个时期忽视的必然结果。
②A no more …than B not any more than…两者都不好
③rather than 而不是
Rather than a punishment or a burden,work is the opportunity to realize one’s potential
工作不是惩罚也不是负担，它为个人潜力的发挥提供了机会。
③cannot… too…
A book maay be compared to your neighbor;if it be good,it cannot last too long;if bad,you cannot get rid of it too early. 一本书好比你的邻居；如果是好书，读的时间再长也不嫌长；如果不是好书，你越早丢开它越好。
⑤It is not that …but that…不是。。。而是。。。
⑥much less,still less,to say nothing of,not to speak of,not to mention,let alone更不要说。。。此外。。。
⑦the last+n.+to do the last+n.+定语从句
Breach of promise is the last thing that he is likely to commit. 违约的事他是绝不会干的
⑧ only to…结果是
⑨ would rather do…than do
⑩ not nearly
The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this,which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.
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粮食供给将远远赶不上人口的增长，这意味着我们在粮食生产和购销方面正陷入危机。
No less than;no less…than
China insists always on the need for self-reliance,no less in economic policies than in making revolution. 中国始终坚持独立自主，不但在进行革命方面，而且在经济政策方面亦如此。Anything but nothing but all but but that+从句be+nothing+else but/else than/less than nothing else than
But for the rain we would have had a nice holiday. 要不是因为下雨，我们本来会拥有一个美好的假日。
（7）否定的翻译法
We did not build institutes of technology to educate our boys for export
我们成立理工学院不是为了培养学生日后出国
四、新题型（排序题）
（一）宏观线索——文章的四种基本框架
1、现象阐述=>假设=>论证=>结论
2、问题解决=>影响分析=>解决方案=>论证=>结论
3、观点阐释=>论证=>结论
4、观点对比
甲VS乙=>甲VS乙=>甲VS乙......结论总分结构
总体X方面Y方面
（二）微观线索——论十大关系
1、意义线索：意义相近的段落要聚合
2、叙评线索：叙述的段落优先于评论的段落
3、指代线索：
“特殊”名词的段落优先于该名词代词的段落，泛指的段落优先于特指的段落。
4、顺序关系：获取更多免费资料，加微信公众号：kaoyanyun来往公众号：好给
力
有as well,also,too,at the same time,in addition,moreover…的段落往后放
5、转接关系
6、比较关系：A…B is not anybetter.
7、因果关系8、总分关系9、数字关系10、时空关系
（三）主旨句特征（7种核心信息）
1、主题复现
2、概括首尾
3、指代总结：即下一段有一个指代性的词（如such、them等）指代上文所提及的事物
4、强烈语气
（1）It is surprising/amazing/mysterious/alarming/astonishing/obvious/evident…that
或T he mystery is that…
(2)特殊句型
感叹、倒装、强调、比较结构、双重否定、明确否定
（4）最高级
Best the most + adj.
……is reaching the peak(顶峰) of ……
No other topic receive more attention than…
5、转折比较处
But/however/yet/nevertheless/whereas
While(尽管) …,…….,while(但是)…
Now，……史今对比
6、观点呈现处
The research suggests/implies/shows that
The study comes to an amazing assertion(论断)/conclusion…
7、因果关系处
sb do Y in response to X X evoke/produce/provoke/induce Y
（四）新题型的几种类型
1、完型填句（2009、2008）
（1）浏览空格前后，把握前后主旨，划出特征词汇，做简要笔记
（2）通览选项，把握选项主旨及特征词汇
（3）每读一选项，四本中作一次匹配
2、标题题（2007）获取更多免费资料，加微信公众号：kaoyanyun来往公众号：
好给力
（1）通览所有选项，划出特征词汇，作有效标记
（2）逐一浏览空格后的段落，把握7种核心信息，总结段落主旨
（3）每读一段落进行一匹配
3、完型填例
（1）略读标题前的段落，了解全文框架
（2）配合标题下的信息，充分理解标题，划出特征词汇
（3）逐一浏览选项，把握7种核心信息，总结主旨，写出标题。
4、排序题（2010）
（1）通览已知选项，预测文章框架
（2）浏览其余选项，把握7种核心信息，总结段落主旨，同时划出核心词汇（包括10种线索）
（3）合并同类项，综合运用宏观微观线索进行排序
五、阅读十大技巧
（一）阅读六法
1、判断文章的基调：消极/积极
2、注意重复信息
3、注意例证处
4、指代关系处
5、大/长段首句
6、综合或概括性的句子
（二）命题五大位置
1、大/长段首句
2、强对比结构转折处
3、列举现象
4、长难句的定语处
5、关键词(与主旨词不同，一般在文中仅出现一次)所在的内容
（三）全文推断题三大思路
1、大段首尾句重复信息是主题
2、浏览短文过程中，若发现某个表达尤其是n.或n.短语从头到尾重复，必定是短文的主题
或主题的核心用词
（1）在短文中重复，是短文主题
（2）在某段重复，是某段的主题
（3）在某句话中重复，是某句话的重点信息
3、“大段首句+所有题干+所有细节题答案”的重复信息是主题
（四）阅读做题步骤
1、浏览全文表意的首句
2、浏览所有题干和较短选项，同时注意：
①把全文推断题放最后做
②查询细节题的关键词
③提前搞清短文中的某些具体信息
④注意题目间的重复信息
⑤所有考题必须联系短文主题
3、每两道相邻的细节题一起到文中找答案（节省时间）
（五）细节题、关键词查询四法
1、n.或n.短语最有可能成为关键词
2、数字、术语、陌生n.或n.短语可能是关键词
3、描述性的adj或ad、介词短语在文中往往有近义替换
4、与短文主题关系越远的表达越可能是关键词
（六）没有信号词的题处理方式
1、若出现在最后一题，先做完前四题，然后看该题选项，若发现有熟悉的选项则排除，若
发现不熟悉的选项则在文中最后几句找答案
2、出现在四题中间，先做完前两个，直接看该题选项做题即可。获取更多免费资料，
加微信公众号：kaoyanyun来往公众号：好给力
（七）排除庸俗选项
（八）如何复习
（九）排除相似选项
1、范围太宽泛的不是答案
2、更贴近主题的是答案
3、不要过多的自己的主观理解
4、答案必须联系短文主题
（十）猜题技巧
1、不确定不肯定包括肯定是答案
2、“部分”是答案，“绝对”不是答案
3、形似意反项是答案的范围
4、态度题的答案往往积极
5、带some的选项往往是答案PS：阅读小诗一首
见到短文不要急
首句重点看仔细
扫视题干关键词（步骤）
积极消极莫忘记（贯穿始终）首尾转折加列举（命题位置）近义替换要注意
解在形似“模糊”里
重复首句是主题
P
2015年考研英语二真题答案(完整版)
2015年考研英语二真题答案（完整版） 2015考研英语二答案 完型填空题 1 .C signal 2 .D much 3. C plugged 4. A message 5. C behind 6. A misinterpreted 7. B judged 8. D unfamiliar 9. B anxious 10. D turn 11.A dangerous 12. A hurt 13.B conversation 14. D passengers 15.C predict 16. D ride 17.A went through 18.C in fact 19.B since 20 B simple 阅读题答案 Text 1 答案 21. D offered greater relaxation than the workplace 22. B childless husbands 23. A they are both bread winners and housewives 24. C earnings 25. B division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut Text2 答案 26. C miss its original purpose 27. A the problem is solvable 28. C are in need offinancial support 29. D are inexperienced in handling issues at college
30. D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question Text3 答案 31. A more emotional 32. C sports culture 33.D strengthen employee loyalty 34.A voices for working women 35. C companies find it to be fundamental Text4 36. B the increase of voluntary part-time jobs 37. C cannot get their hands on full-time jobs 38. B shows a general tendency of decline 39. B empolyment is no longer a precondition to get insureance 40.A 阅读新题型 41 .D Most of your fearsare unreal 42. E Think about the [resent moment 43.G There are many things to be grateful for 44.A You are not alone 45. C Pave your own unique path 翻译题 回想一下这样的经历：开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的道路上。这可能是你每天上下班的必经之路，可能是进城的旅行，亦或是回家的道路。不管是哪一种，你都了解每一个屈折拐弯之处，就像熟悉自己手背上的纹路一样。在这些所有类型的旅途中，很容易失去驾车的注意力，并且几乎不注意沿途的风景。结果，比起这段路途实际需要的时间，你的感觉是花费的时间更少。 这就是经常旅行线路效应：人们往往低估了花费在一条熟悉的路线上的时间。 这种效应是由于我们分配注意力的方式引起的。当我们旅行一条非常著名的路线时，因为我们不是非得注意太多，时间似乎流逝得更快。然后，当我们回忆起这段旅程时，因为我们没有花费太多的注意力，因此我们对之记忆地不太清楚，所以我们认为这段旅行更为短途作文 PART A 【参考范文1】 Notice In order to enrich high school students’ life in summer holiday and expand the reputation of our university, the Students Union are going to host a summer camp in our school campus and volunteers are needed. The details about this summer camp and volunteer recruitment are listed as follows. Firstly, the summer camp will begin on September 1st and it will last for ten days. Secondly, the main theme of this summer camp is “Better English, Better life” and there are various activities in this summer camp, including English-speaking contest, drama contest, sports meeting and
考研英语语法练习题【附答案详解】
考研英语语法练习题【附答案详解】 1. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin? —Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided. A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose 2. October 15th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget. A. when B. that C. what D. which 3. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely. A. when B. where C. which D. whose 4. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. A. which B. where C. when D. what 5. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all. A. which B. what C. that D. when 6. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside. A. as B. when C. until D. before 7. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.
商志3147全集--考研英语
Unit One vote v. /n. 投票 97阅读1 debate v. /n. 辩论，争论 authority n. 政府；权威专家，权威（人士） occupation authorities 占领当局 be authorized to do 得到授权 be entitled to (do) sth. 被赋予做…的权利，有做…的权利 incurably ill patients 晚期患者 terminally ill 晚期的，终期的 convince v. 坚信，相信；令人信服 word n. 消息 flash v./n. 闪现，，闪动，出现 executive a.执行的 n.执行官 chief executive 首席执行官 the right to … （有）做…的权利 have rights doing sth. 有权做某事 society n.协会，社团academic ~ 学术社团 specific society 具体的、特定的社团 community n. …界, 团体；社会，社区 legal community 法律界 scientific community 科学界 religious community 宗教团体 health research community 医疗研究团体 via prep. 经由，通过 post v. 张贴，发布；（在网上）发帖 bulletin n. 公告，报告 import n. 重要性，重要意义；进口 implications n. 含义，意义；暗示，启示 imply v. 暗示，推论出；蕴含着… implicit a. 不言明(含蓄)的 explicit a. 表达明确地，明白的 sink in 被了解 alike adj. 类似的，同类的 deal with 安排，处理，思考 breathe sighs of relief 轻松地出了一口气 association n. 协会 associate… with… 把…和…联系起来 bitterly adv. 尖酸刻薄地，厉害地 bill n. 法案，法律；账单 passage n. 通过；经过；道路，通道 tide n. 潮流，趋势 likely adj/adv. 很有可能，可能的= possible be likely to 常常，很有可能 unlikely adj. 不可能 = impossible aging population 老龄化的人口 extend v. 延长，延伸，推广 life-extending technology 延长寿命的技术 extended family 三代以上同堂的家庭模式 be extended indefinitely 无限期延长 get on with 继续做 have something to do with … 与…有关 have much to do with 与…很有关系 observer n. 观察者，旁观者 observe v. 观察，注意；评论 observation 观察（报告/结论）;评论 make observations 做评论 domino （es ） 多米诺效应（~ effect ） request v. 请求，要求 deadly adj. 致命的 dreadful adj. 可怕的；极大的 inject v. 注射，注入 pill n. 药丸 suffering n. 痛苦，受罪 suffer v. 遭受 diagnose v. 诊断 cool off 平静下来，变凉 certificate n. 证明（书、证等） haunting a.常浮现于脑海中的，不易忘怀的 terrifying a. 可怕的，令人害怕的 spiritual a. 精神上的 fight for 努力…，为…而努力 claw v. 抓 （scratch ） mask n. 面具 object to 反对 objection to objectionable 引起反对的，讨厌的 objective adj. 客观的 objectivity n. 客观性 impartial adj. 公正，客观 share the same view on 对…持相同观点 be responsible for 对…负责（表示原因） significance n. 重要性，意义 calm a . 平静的，镇静的 intense a.强烈的，剧烈的（~ fear 非常担心） characteristic n.（~s ）特点，特色 a. 特有的 be characteristic of 特点是 = be typical of be characterized by 特点是，以…为特点 experience v./n.经历 =undergo=go through shared experience 共同的经历、经验 perish v. 死亡，变腐败 in peril 处在危险中
2015年考研英语二阅读Text1真题详解
2015年考研英语二阅读Text1真题详解 整篇文章的主题是与我们生活息息相关的内容，文章的难度不大，相比2014年英语二的阅读来说，难度稳定，这是在我们预料之中的。 第21题According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home＿＿＿(根据第一段可知，之前的调查中认为家是一个____地方)。[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace [B] was an ideal place for stress measurement [C] generated more stress than the workplace [D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation题目中明确给出范围，所以我们只要在第一段中找答案，且要注意题目中的关键词是previous。回归第一段，不难发现文章的首句便是答案出处：A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work.（新的研究显示不同于以往的绝大多数调查，人们在家比工作时的压力更大）。这句话中new、contrary to most surveys是提示词，与题目中的previous study相对应的，不难做出正确答案是[A] 第22题According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?（Damaske 认为，谁可能是最家里最快乐的？）读完题目，回到文章第二段找Damaske的观点：It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.在家男性比女性更快乐，Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents.这句话的关键词是more,它与题目中的happiest最高级是相对应的，所以解这道题的关键便是nonparents.但是对于很多同学来说，nonparents是个生词，不认识。其实大家只要上过中公考研的英语词汇课，学习过词根词缀法，这个单词就变的很简单。nonparents是由否定前缀non-+parents构成的，non-这个否定前缀表示“不无非”，所以整个单词可以译为不是父母。四个选项[A] Childless wives [B] Working mothers [C] Childless husbands [D] Working fathers，我们可以轻易选出答案C，没有孩子且是丈夫。 第23题，The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that＿＿。回归第三段中，找到With the blurring of roles，发现前面的句子正是对这种现象的解释：for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.以及后面的the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women，指的便是女性不仅得工作赚钱，而且还得在家得忙家务，所以她们的身份是双重的。所以选[D] they are both bread winners and housewives. 第24题，The word“ moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means＿＿这是一道词义推测题，它与前文中的marking money是近义词，答案选[C] earnings收入。 第25题The home front differs from the workplace in that＿＿。文章第5段there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor;家务劳动不会像工作一样得到足够的奖励，而且分工也是不明确的。答案对应选项[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut. 虽然有突破口、也有规律可循，但这并不意味着我们可以一劳永逸、高枕无忧，要知道，
2015年考研英语语法长难句精析(一)
考研英语长难句解析涉及到各个题型，考生如果能够精确的理解长难句，然后再结合各题型的技巧，考生在做题时就可以得心应手了，当然，最基本的词汇基础是要贯穿到复习的各个阶段，目前考生有了一定的词汇基础，并且对于基础语法也有一定的了解，但是遇到长难句时就难以下手，下面老师给考生分享下如何精析长难句。 1. The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions. 解析：本句的定语从句较多，首先要分清主干，然后根据从句调整语序：since后的主干是：an argument loses all its force, argument 后的that引导的是定语从句修饰argument，if引导的是条件状语从句，if后的主干是：the assumptions are slightly changed. on which 修饰assumption, whereas后的主干是：an argument may well be stable. 其中that是引导argument的定语从句，under后面的是状语。 参考翻译：科学家有理由担心精确的讨论，如果基于这个讨论的假设发生变化，那么这个值得信赖的讨论就会失去它所有的威力，然而在潜在的假设下，这个虽不精确但还值得信赖的讨论可能仍然值得担忧。 2. He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators. 解析：本句的主干是：He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television. 逗号后是同位语从句修饰mobile television，在同位语从句中出现which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators. 引导的定语从句，补充说明nascent industry. 参考翻译：他谈到了众人对移动电视的巨大兴趣，这是一个在电信和媒体领域有交叉的新兴产业，它给设备制造商、电视内容制作者以及移动网络运营商提供了新的机遇。 3. Meanwhile, Apple Computer, which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October, is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows that can be purchased for viewing on the device, including “Lost”，“Desperate Housewives” and “Law &Order”. 解析：本句比较长，出现了非定语从句的分隔结构，本句的主干是：Apple Computer is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows…，出现了which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October,引导的定语
考研英语万能大作文模板考研英语高分作文模板商志英语作文模板考研英语作文模板
大作文： （1）正面（正确、积极的）：01、02、03、08、10 反面（不正确的做法、消极）：04、05、06、07、09、11 （2）一幅图还是两幅图（04、06） （3）作文有无规定题目（仅02） （4）1st：描述图画，2nd:解释图画要表达的含义，3rd：严重性及采取的举措。 例如：2011环境污染；2010：一个火锅——多种文化 ＊2012重点预测正面 As is vividly betrayed in the drawing above (开始描述图画），加上which is both upsetting and most thought-provoding (第一端）描述图画 The aim of the painter of the drawing above can be briefly stated as follow (陈述观点）可以把这些话加到作文中去结合作文内容perhapers no other things could gain more public attention than...in china for the time being . It is generally believed that...is a hot topic which is most talked about ,not only by the city residents but also by famers. (任选一个）
As the society becomes more and more advanced and complicated . ...plays a more and more important role in the life of individual members of the society and in the development of the society itself According to recent investigation, there is an increasing numbers of people who share the concern about the issue of ... which is a problem that deserves public,professional and political attention Different people have different opinions. Everything has its advantages and disadvantages .It is assciated with your experience ,life style and emotional concern .It is really true for this case Advantage and disadvantage are the basic dual concepts of nearly everthing in our life ,It goes without saying that for every advantage,there is always a disadvantage .An advantageous for one group might to prove disdvantages to others .It is really true for this case(作比较）句中最好使用一个倒装句only + 状语+ 小倒装如 only when we develop ourselves in a well-rounded way ,can we become prodctive memebers of society （正文） counter-measures must be taken immediately so as to ...
2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题(完整版)及参考答案
2015 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题Section 1 Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as related as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 . The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin. The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 Perhaps, as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 than nal kinship of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkable
2015商志考研英语笔记
A：When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend ＄12 to ＄50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly Stopped showing up. biting her nails=scratch one’s head 不知所措，束手无策； when it comes to名词，主谓。。。。 a用法：引出文章topic b翻译为：当提到。。。时 当谈及。。。时 Writing： when it comes to 题目，opinions vary。Many tend to claim that 。Others，however，may contend that claim 主张，认为 some——some people Hold many——many people Argue few —— Contend those—— 注：日本人—— Those who are from japan，（写作：简单问题复杂化。）省略“people” Those who are from average universities来自普通大学 Top university 重点大学 may/might 主语 + tend to + 谓语。。。。。。。。。。 seem to B、This is an explosive situation（危急关头，可怕局面） for any industry （行业）, particularly a declining one. Slowing/Falling/Declining/Fading *slowing 减速的 *falling 日以下跌的，逐渐下跌的 Acceleration加速falling communication costs Slowdown减速falling transportation costs/spending/budget Growing industrial competitiveness of emerging economies *declining 衰退的，走下坡路的 A declining industry global economic decline例：北师大now is on the decline while 东北师大is now on the rise Industry 行业 Energy-intensive industry Auto industry One作代词 仿：This is an explosive situation for any country，particularly for a developing one。 补充：rising growing increasing soaring *rising costs 支出，费用
2015年考研英语一真题及答案
Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Though not biologically related,friends are as“related”as fourth cousins, sharing about1%of genes.That is_(1)_a study,published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_. The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted_(3)__1,932unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.The same people were used in both_(5)_. While1%may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist.As James Fowler,professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego,says,“Most people do not even_(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.” The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity.Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain,for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests,it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it.There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship”of being friends with_(14)_! One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last30,000years,with social environment being a major_(17)_factor. The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds,say the researchers.Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction,care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers,were taken from the same population. 1.[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]what 【答案】[D]what 【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。根据句子结构和选项的特点，可以判断出空格处应填
2015年考研英语语法难点二：非谓语动词(4)
2015年考研英语语法难点二：非谓语动词（4） 5.不定式和分词作状语的区别 (1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。 现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 He went out shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。 Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。 2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。 Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。 (2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别 1)分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。 They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随) They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的) 2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。 Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch.由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因) Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间) Reading carefully，you'll learn something new.只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件) His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果) The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。(结果) We are glad to hear the news.我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)
商志英语笔记
（04年第三篇阅读）When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. "I'm a good economic indicator," she says. "I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars." So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. "I don't know if other clients are going to abandon me, too" she says. Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is cooling, （总述）lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves.（分述一）From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. （分述二）For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. （分述三）Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace. （分水岭）But don't sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening. （整个第二段讲了两句话，分水岭前后。） Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. 【（总述）Home prices are holding steady in most regions.（分述一）In Manhattan, "there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses," says broker Barbara Corcoran. （分述二）In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. （分述三）"Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three," says john Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker.】（分水岭）And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. （以上四个句子【】是一个意思：在大多数地区房价保持稳定。这一段的主旨：causes of consumers’ not being desperate in face of the slowdown.） 【（总述）Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. （分述一）Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. （分述二）Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. （分述三）Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom.】Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting. 笔记： 1.Appreciate doing 感激某人做…… 2.Suggest that (should)……