跨文化交际备考宝典
“跨文化交际”考前复习宝典
Part I: General Information:
This examination consists of FOUR sections. They are:
Section I: Listening Test (20 points, 25 minutes)
Section II: Communicative Competence (30 points, 25 minutes)
Section III: Reading Comprehension (30 points, 40 minutes)
Section IV: Communication Analysis (20 points, 30 minutes)
Part II: Focal points:
Section I Listening Test (20 points)
Part 1 Multiple choices (5 items, 2 points for each)
Materials will be chosen from one of the following:
1.Task 2, Activity 3, Unit 3
2.Task 2, Activity 1, Unit 6
3.Task 3, Activity1, Unit 2
Part 2 Spot dictation. (10 items, 1 point for each, 0.5 point off for each misspelling.)
Materials will be chosen from one of the following:
1.Task 2, Activity 2, Unit 5
2.Task 3, Activity1, Unit 8
Section II Communicative Competence (30 points)
Multiple choices (15 items, 2 points for each)
Materials will be chosen from the following focal points:
1. Basics of communication (P14-16, Task1&2, Activity2, Unit1 )
communication models (model 1&2)
2. Individualism / Collectivism (P73-77, Task2&3, Activity4, Unit2)
hospitality
politeness (addressing, making invitation/request/apology)
privacy and autonomy
intimacy
assertiveness/harmony (directness/indirectness)
https://www.360docs.net/doc/759104224.html,s (P100, Task1, Activity1, Unit3; P104, Task1, Activity2, Unit3)
Naming names
Root
4. Invitation and reply (P141-144, Task 3&4, Activity1, Unit 4)
5. Sub-cultures (P202, Task 4, Activity3, Unit 5)
sub-culture theory (man/woman)
power theory
6. Non-verbal communication (P230, Task 4, Activity 1, Unit 6)
7. Categories of distance ( P255-256, Task 1, Activity 5, Unit 6)
Intimate => personal => social => public
8.Idioms, proverbs and euphemisms
meaning of the idioms: have a big mouth, a piece of cake, take a French leave etc.
animal idioms (P282-284, Task3, Activity2, Unit 7; Task 4, Activity 3, Unit 7; ) meaning of euphemisms: in the family way (P318, Task 5, Activity 5, Unit 7)
rhyming slang (P313, Task3, Activity5, Unit 7)
例题：
1. When two people coming from the same culture are communicating with each
other, we can say this is a ________.
A. cultural communication
B. mono-cultural communication
C. bi-cultural communication
D. multi-cultural communication
2. In face-to-face communication, ________signals are just as important as verbal
message. Sometimes they play a more decisive role than verbal message in determine communicative effects.
A. cultural
B. non-verbal
C. body
D. hand
3. When people first arrive in a new cultural environment, they seem to go through a
culture shock made up of four stages. They may experience an exciting honeymoon period at the beginning. This is referred to as a stage of ________.
A. euphoria
B. euphoric
C. euphemism
D. optimism
4. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Surnames were used to indicate family relationships.
B. Surnames were used to indicate occupations.
C. Surnames were used to indicate year of birth.
D. Surnames were used to indicate location.
5. The process of becoming adapted to a new culture is called __________.
A. affective orientation
B.cognitive-orientation
C.acculturation
D.psychomotor-orientation
6. Studies of language and gender have returned repeatedly to the question of how the language used by __________ reinforces their respective positions in society.
A.foreigners
B.social classes
C.men and women
D.friends
7. If someone refers to you as “the blue-eyed boy” it means ________.
A. you are the favorite person
B. you have blue eyes
C. your friend has blue eyes
D. you have beautiful eyes
8. English friends often apologize to each other over things that seem __________ to
the Chinese.
A.stupid
B.trivial
C.special
D.accidental
9. Women tend to ask directions more than men because ________.
A. they are more talkative
B. they are more friendly
C. they are inferior in society
D. they are superior in society
10. The proverb …Manners make the man? primarily uses __________ for effect.
A.balanced structure
B.metaphor
C.alliteration
D.rhyme
11. A person having butterflies in his stomach feels ______.
A. nervous
B. courageous
C. happy
D. hungry
12. People with interests, opinions or backgrounds in common are literally called
______.
A. birds of the same bill
B. birds of the same beak
C. birds of the same feather
D. birds of the same feet
13. Commonly, in ancient primitive societies, messages were sent by __________.
A.cryptic signs
B.painting pictures
C.smoke signals
D.all of the above
14. When invited to banquets, married westerners would expect __________.
A.their spouse to be invited, too
B.their spouse not to be invited
C.to pay for part of the dinner
D.to drink enough to get drunk
15. Spatial language is study of the way that people use _________ to convey
messages
A. literary words
B. body language
C. signals
D. physical space
16.An “utterance meaning” is __________.
A.what a speaker says
B.what is heard by someone
C.what is meant by someone
D.how someone says something
17.In Britain, hospitality is measured by __________.
A.the number of dishes you are given
B.the number of drinks you are given
C.freedom to look at whatever you want
D. freedom to choose what you?d like to eat or drink
18. Men are believed to speak and hear __________.
A.a language of static independence
B. a language of independent status
C. a language of status and dependence
D.a language of status and independence
19. In a public meeting a speaker who does not want to yield the floor will usually __________.
A.deliberately attempt to speak longer
B.make deliberate attempts to close the meeting
C.deliberately shout at a potential speaker
D.deliberately look away from a potential speaker
20. People with interests, opinions or backgrounds in common are literally called ______.
A. birds of the same bill
B. birds of the same beak
C. birds of the same feather
D. birds of the same feet
参考答案：
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. C
6. C
7. A
8. B
9. C 10. C
11. A 12. C 13. D 14 A 15. D
16. A 17. D 18. D 19. A 20. C.
Section III Reading Comprehension (30 points)
Part 1 True or false questions. (5 items, 2 points for each)
You should w rite “T” for true, “F” for false, and “NM” for not mentioned.
Part 2 Multiple choices (5 items, 2 points for each)
Part 3 Answer questions (5 items, 2 points for each)
Materials will be chosen from one of the following:
1. Individualism / Collectivism (P73-77, Task2&3, Activity4, Unit2)
2.Child-rearing (P178-180, Task1, Activity1, Unit5)
Section IV Communication Analysis (20 points, 2 items, 10 points for each)
The cases will involve the following topics:
1.Individualism / Collectivism (P73-77, Task 2&3, Activity 4, Unit 2)
2.Showing hospitality in different way (P153-154, Task1, Activity 4, Unit 4)
3.Avoid western taboos (P66-67, Task 2, Activity 3, Unit 2)
4.Gifts (P151-152, Task 1, Activity 3, Unit 4)
例题：
Case 1
Meng Jiao works in an American toy company. She has an Australian boss--Mr. Jones. Recently the company got a big order and most people had to work overtime this weekend to meet the production deadline. Unfortunately, this Saturday is the birthday for Meng Jiao?s son and she has promised her son to stay at home. Below is the conversation between Meng Jiao and Mr. Jones.
Mr. Jones:It looks like we?re going to have to keep the production line running on Saturday.
Meng Jiao:I see.
Mr. Jones:Can you come in on Saturday?
Meng Jiao:Em…Yes… I …think… so.
Mr. Jones:That?ll be a great help.
Meng Jiao:Yes…but Saturday?s a special day, d o you know?
Mr. Jones:What do you mean?
Meng Jiao:It?s my son?s birthday.
Mr. Jones:How nice. I hope you all enjoy it very much.
Meng Jiao: Thank you!!! I appreciate your understanding!!!
(Meng Jiao did not come to work this Saturday and Mr. Jones was furious.)
Case 2
Jay comes from Seattle, Washington State and works at a language school as an English teacher in Beijing. Wu is a Chinese teacher who teaches Intercultural Communication in BFSU. They have been friends for a few years. Wu often talks with Jay about his life in Beijing. Jay says he has had a wonderful life except for one thing. He has been asked hundreds of times about how much money he makes every month by people he knows and even by people he doesn?t know. He was embarrassed every time when he was asked such a question and didn?t know how to handle the situation.
Do you know what has caused the problem and have you got any suggestions for Jay?
跨文化交际习题
跨文化交际习题
跨文化交际习题 1. 单选题：（1.0分） 在日本，喝汤时发出很大吮吸的声音会被认为是______。 A. 粗鲁而讨厌的 B. 你喜欢这种汤的表现 C. 在家里不要紧，在公共场合则不妥 D. 只有外国人才这么做 解答： B 参考答案： B 2. 单选题：（1.0分）
在日本，自动售货机里出售除下列哪一种饮料以外的所有其他饮料？ A. 啤酒 B. 加糖精的保健饮料 C. 加糖的咖啡 D. 美国公司生产的软饮料 解答： B 参考答案： B 3. 单选题：（1.0分） 在拉丁美洲，管理者______。 A. 一般会雇佣自己家族的成员 B. 认为雇佣中级家族成员是不合适的 C. 强调雇佣少数特殊群体员工的重要性
D. 通常雇佣比实际工作所需更多的员工 解答： A 参考答案： A 4. 单选题：（1.0分） 在拉丁美洲，人们______。 A. 认为交谈时和对方进行眼神交流是不礼貌的 B. 总是等到对方说完才开始说话 C. 身体接触次数比相似情况下北美商人多 D. 避免身体接触，因为这被认为是对个人隐私的侵犯解答： C 参考答案： C
5. 单选题：（1.0分） 马来西亚的主要宗教是______。 A. 佛教 B. 犹太教 C. 基督教 D. 伊斯兰教 解答： D 参考答案： D 6. 单选题：（1.0分） 在泰国______。 A. 男性之间挽手同行很常见
B. 男女之间在公共场合挽手很常见 C. 男女同行是很粗鲁的举止 D. 传统上男性和女性在街上遇见会互相亲吻解答： A 参考答案： A 7. 单选题：（1.0分） 在印度，进食时恰当的举止是______。 A. 用右手取食物，用左手吃 B. 用左手取食物，用右手吃 C. 取食物和吃都只用左手 D. 取食物和吃都只用右手 解答： D 参考答案： D
一级建造师复习攻略
为响应必过班老师的号召，给同学们提供一个复习攻略，也是为了新一届同学打气。全文约4000字，修修改改写了一个多星期，希望有帮助，本人没什么文采，但绝对有自信是最好的攻略.有没有之一不清楚。。。. 工作党，一建考过一建机电四科，考前三四个月开始复习，一般晚上下班后学习。 四科都是一个套路： 1、网课一套（吾思必过班提供） 2、资料两套(教材+必过班独家教材) 3、错题笔记本一个(手写，不要用云笔记) 网课：最大的作用是节约复习时间，自己需要学很久的难点，可能老师讲一下就明白了，同时老师会帮你梳理知识间的关联，挺让人省心的。 资料：知识精炼+题，培养做题的感觉，同时帮你更进一步掌握知识点。（官方教材废话多，有网课的话没有必要看官方教材，把讲义打印出来跟着听课就可以了。） 错题笔记本：它记录了你所有的薄弱点，是真正属于你自己的备考财富。 下面从几个方面来说： 一、考试特点 二、报考选科搭配 三、网课老师选择 四、资料选择 五、各科特点及我的复习方法、时长 六、个人建议 一、考试特点 ①、认真复习后实际通过率较高，但坚持认真复习完的人少
对于一建机电专业，毫无疑问教材为王。出题人无论怎么出题，都不可能超出教材的范围。目录框架为主，结合出题类型，判断这一章节是出判断题，还是案例题。一般精讲课程，都会给出明确的方向，这个不必担心。（我下面的截图是17年教材的，最新版的我没看）
一级建造师各个科目之间都是有一定联系的，只有有了系统的理论基础，才能够在实际工程的运用中胸有成竹。 ②、知识点在广不在深，偏题怪题极少 和学生时代的考试不同，一级建造师考试不会把单个知识点挖的特别特别深，然后出一些偏题怪题。因此在复习的时候不要过分的纠结单个知识点的深度，而是要尽量保证所有知识点都学到，不要有漏掉的。 ③、押题在于是哪位老师押，不在于机构。 这句话不太好理解。但我一句话举例：比如X路和X球的总裁班自己出的押题，那就是垃圾。如果必过班找刘平玉，江汉等老师给的押题，那就绝对靠谱。简言之：哪些老师和命题组有一些联系，那这位老师的押题就靠谱。
跨文化交际案例分析(共7个)
《跨文化交际学概论》第七章社会交往五、宴请招待p132 Case One: Setting Rules for a Guest – American Hospitality 案例： When Zhang Tao traveled in America, he lived in the home of his American friend, Bill. Once after he had traveled back, he found Bill was in a bad mood. When he asked what the problem was, Bill told Zhang Tao that his son Adam got furious about the noise Zhang made when walking upstairs and also because he was using too much water in the solar powered shower and Adam had to have his shower in cold water. Bill told Zhang Tao that he should walk more softly in future, and have a fast shower to save water. Zhang Tao felt uneasy. How could the host set such rules for his guest! Question: Why did Zhang Tao feel uneasy? 分析： 1) In China, when people host someone, they put the guest in the place of honor to show hospitality. They try to take care of the guest，and try to make the guest feel comfortable and at ease. 2) In America, people tend to give the guest great freedom and treat a guest more casually, naturally and truthfully. 3) Zhang Tao knew he was a guest, and thought in terms of Chinese expectations of hospitality. He thought Bill should treat him courteously instead of setting rules for him. 4) Since Zhang Tao lived in American surroundings, he should have known about the customs there sooner. Case Two: 案例： Lin had traveled 20 hours from Beijing to New York. He needed a good meal. His American friend, Mike, met him. But Mike only offered him a plate of roasted chicken and a glass of orange juice. Lin was used to having a main course, and asked Mike if he had any rice. Mike said he only had fried noodles, and Lin had to make do with it. Though Lin knew Americans didn’t care very much about what food they ate, he still felt surprised because he had taken Mike to the most famous duck restaurant in Beijing -- Quanjude -- when he arrived in Beijing. Question: Why did Lin feel surprised? Offer some advice to him about adjusting to his new environment in America.
(完整word版)跨文化交际教学大纲
《跨文化交际》 课程教学大纲 课程名称：英语教学论 课程类别：专业必修课 考核类别：考试 适用对象：本科 适用专业：英语 总学时、学分：36学时2学分 一、课程教学目的 该课程旨在扩大学生的知识面，对西方文化的不同层面有所了解,以提高学生的交际能力。在传统的外语教学中, 人们往往忽视文化的重要作用, 只注重语言能力的培养而未能顾及交际能力的提高。近年来国内学者认识到外语教学必须引进文化知识的对比，训练学生灵活运用语言知识, 更好地与外国人沟通, 减少和避免误解。 1
二、课程教学要求 该课程教学要求学生提高对文化差异的敏感性, 更有效地与外国人进行交际，为英语专业课程的学习和翻译实践能力的提高奠定基础。 三、先修课程 跨文化交际是英语专业的必修课, 是在完成了精读、泛读、综合英语、写作等基本技能训练后开设的，旨在增强文化差异的敏感性，增强跨文化交际意识，有助于英语专业课程的学习和翻译实践能力的提高。因此，学生先期完成英语听说读写等技能训练基本课程，如《基础英语》、《英国文学选读》等课程。 四、课程教学重、难点 该课程教学重点在于培养学生对英语国家文化的 2
了解及跨文化交际意识, 提高驾驭英语语言的能力, 从而使其能得体地运用语言与操英语的外国人士进行交流。教师的讲授重点是帮助学生认识中西文化的异同，分析文化差异的根源, 帮助学生深化对西方文化的理解。中西文化的差异在表层上很容易识别,但对造成差异的原因却需追根溯源。东西方在历史,思维方式以及哲学等方面的差异则是造成中国学生对西方文化不解的主要原因,也是该课程的难点。 五、课程教学方法（或手段） 教学方法：以课堂讲授为主，适当组织课堂讨论，鼓励学生充分利用课外资源进行探索性、研究性学习。 六、课程教学内容 Unit 1 Communication Across Cultures（4学时） 3
《跨文化交际学概论》课后习题答案
第一讲跨文化交际 1. 在你的日常活动中哪些是比较典型的跨文化交际？ 答：（1）具有不同文化背景的人从事交际的过程就是跨文化交际。 （2）日常活动中比较典型的跨文化交际有： ①中外领导人谈判、进出口公司的工作人员与外国商人谈生意； ②和外国旅游者、外国留学生、外国教师交往； ③阅读外国小说、观看外国电影、电视节目。 2. 你认为强调个人之间的文化差异有什么利弊？ 答：强调个人之间的文化差异有如下利弊： （1）利：每个人都隶属于若干群体，而且没有哪两个人隶属的群体是完全相同的。即使在同一群体中，每个人的态度、价值和信念也不会完全一样。因此，每个人都应该被认为是独特的。强调个人的差异，就是在从地区、职业、年龄、性别等方面来研究不同文化对个体的影响，这有助于跨文化交际深入开展。 （2）弊：过于强调个人之间的文化差异也有一定的弊端。个体只是一种或多种文化的具体情况。根据传统的观念，文化通常不是指个人行为，而是指一个群体的生活方式和习惯，个人之间的差异研究只有在把他们当作群体代表时才有意义。过于强调个人文化之间的差异会使跨文化交际变得非常繁琐，实际上取消了跨文化研究的意义。 3. 我国的地区文化差异是否可以作为跨文化交际研究的重要方面？ 答：我国的地区文化差异可以作为跨文化交际研究的重要方面。 （1）跨文化交际研究的重要性排序如下：主流文化—亚文化—地区文化—小群体文化。 （2）地区文化的差异是跨文化交际研究的重要课题之一。我国幅员辽阔、地域广袤，地势高低起伏，地形复杂多变，由于空间分布差异，各地区形成了具有各自地方特斯的区域文化。 （3）同时，我国是一个多民族国家，每个民族都有自己的民族文化传统，这些也构成了地区文化的一部分。这些地区文化从总体上看，特点显著，区别性强，差异性大，值得进行跨文化研究。
老司机告诉你一级建造师市政学习方法,不服不行!
2017年一级建造师临近，想必考生们都在进行着紧张的复习工作，最近听到考试一建的朋友说市政实务太难了，面对着一堆专业术语，晕头转向。针对于市政实务，小编总结了一些一级建造师市政学习方法及注意事项，与大家分享。本文小编吐血整理老司机一次通过一级建造师市政学习方法。大家一定要把握好，今年考试机会就这一次，等到明年又将是大热潮，你通过的机会也就更小了。 1. 制定合理的学习计划 将自己完全掌握的章节考前仔细阅读一下，确保不会丢分。将自己还需要学习、经过学习可以掌握的章节重点标注，这是复习的重点。还有一些是自己可能费很多时间也学不会的，那就不要浪费太多时间了，把大纲上要求掌握的知识点背下来。 2. 找出学习效率最高的时间 这可是最宝贵的时间了，充分利用这个时间去学习和记忆自己熟悉的知识，确保基础。这个时间的安排最好和考试时间能够保持一致。在制定学习计划的时候要充分考虑这一点。 3.案例复习重标答 案例复习一定要试做真题，掌握给分标准。许多人都在考试后才发现，那个题目涉及的知识点我都掌握，但是成绩不高，就是因为没有掌握给分标准。例如：问分包商提出索赔合理吗?你可以回答不合理，但是若是回答总承包商不予批准就不恰当了。还有一些依据性、标准型、规定性的话多读几遍就熟悉了，一定要读出声音来，因此声音和视觉同时刺激，记忆更快捷、更准确。 4.基础知识抓重点 点击【一级建造师学习资料】或打开https://www.360docs.net/doc/759104224.html,/category/jzs1?wenkuwd，注册开森学（学尔森在线学习平台）账号，免费领取学习大礼包，包含：①精选考点完整版
首根据老师的讲解，至少做到哪些是高发考点，哪些是难点，这会减少一定的复习量，知道重点难点在哪里;然后要全面复习，尤其是最后的两个月，对于实务需要根据老师提及的重点搭建起框架，对于其他的知识，有所印象。 一级建造师难在实务，很大一部分时间和精力都需要花在实务上，最近几年第一部分和第三部分的比重越来越大，不但是选择题是，而且主观题的很多考点都涉及到了第一部分和第三部分的专业内容。，实务确实不好过，不过只要努力，下定决心，您一定没有问题的，希望以上一级建造师市政学习方法能对您有所帮助。 一级建造师复习技巧。2017年一级建造师考试在即，距离考试仅仅不足17天，把握住最后的17天，考试也就得心应手，更是为我们平添几分信心。下面小编为大家分享下个人的...... 一级建造师备考经验，一级建造师技巧心得，一建备考攻略，考试技巧- 学尔森 学尔森提供一级建造师备考经验、考试心得、经验分享、考试技巧等内容欢迎广大考生访问学尔森一级建造师考试网，获取更多关于一级建造师考试的信息。 点击【一级建造师学习资料】或打开https://www.360docs.net/doc/759104224.html,/category/jzs1?wenkuwd，注册开森学（学尔森在线学习平台）账号，免费领取学习大礼包，包含：①精选考点完整版
跨文化交际案例
《跨文化交际》案例 Case 1 Litz is a professor of cross—cultural communication in a university in Finland. She invited her Chinese students home for an evening party. The schema from Litz’s point of view includes the following: 1. Giving invitation: by phone / by mail 2. Prepare everything before the arrival of guests 3. Receiving guests: open the door / express welcome / take their overcoats / introduce guests / offer them drinks / make them comfortable 4. Serving food: set the table / soup first / main course / desert 5. Post dinner activities: chat / play music / offer more drinks 6. Seeing guests off: thank them for coming / good night Litz’s evening party was not very successful, because she was upset by one of her guests. Here was the initial conversation between Litz and Lin: Litz: (opens the door) Oh, Lin, how nice you could come! Lin: It’s not difficult to find your house. Litz: Come on in. Lin: (comes in) Litz: Can I take your coat?
跨文化交际答案1
大学英语跨文化交际双语课程水平测试题（一） I. Multiple Choice(20 points, 2 points each) Directions: There are some statements in this section. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, D, choose the ONE that best complete the statement. 1.In the United States continues to welcome a large number of immigrants移民each year and has referred to as a melting-pot大熔炉society. This trend can reflect the theory of ___A__. A. macroculture B. microculture C. globalization D. modernization 2. A teenager dresses like and talks like a gang member but not a member of any gang. This case reflects the ___A____ characteristic of subgroup. A. deviant label B. temporality C. wanna-be behavior D. unexamined 3.When you talk with your friends about Picasso, Beethoven, you are talking about culture from ___B___ perspective. A. anthropological人类学 B. intellectual有才智的 C. social D. psychological心理 4.The dialogues at the United Nations, for example, would be termed __B_______. A. interracial communication B. interethnic communication C. international communication D. interpersonal communication 5.There is a Chinese belief that “One is good in nature with different characteristics but similar habits. However, if he is not well educated, his nature changes”. This belief can reflect that____C___. A. Human nature is evil but perfectible B. Human nature is a mixture of good and evil C. Human nature is good but corruptible容易 堕落的 D. None of the above 6.Mr. Wang, a Chinese immigrate in U.S, has adapted himself so well to American culture that he gradually lost his Chinese cultural identity. This process is called__C___. A. separation and segregation隔离 B. integration整合一体化 C. assimilation吸收同化 D. marginalization边缘化 7.Liming, a Chinese student, just began his study in a university in the United States. In his first week in U.S., he thought everything was new and exciting, and he enjoyed himself a lot. Liming is in__A___ stage of culture shock. A. honeymoon蜜月 B. crisis危机 C. reintegration再整合 D. gradual adjustment逐渐适应 8. ___C__ is the process of putting an idea into a symbol. A. Decoding B. Channel C. Encoding D. Source 9.___A__ refers to anything that distorts歪曲曲解the message the source encodes. A. Noise B. Message C. Source D. Context 10.___D__ refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.
2017年一级建造师考试难度大吗
2017年一级建造师考试难度大吗?2017年一级建造师公共课变化不是特别大，难度基本会和往年保持一致，因此大家最近要抓紧进入备考状态，学尔森一建老师针对实务科目、三门公共课的考试难度会给大家一个具体的分析。 相信很多同学已经拿到2017年一建新教材了，那么目前对于大家来说，当务之急就是对于2017年一级建造师考试难度大吗有个全面的了解，因此学尔森小编建议大家可以关注学尔森近期直播的系列教材变化对比分析。 工程法规： 工程法规是以与工程建设相关的法律、行政法规和最高人民法院司法解释为主线，针对实际建设工程中的工程案例纠纷进行约束的一门学科。全书共包括8章36节156目约500个知识点，其中涵盖了大量的法律规定及对相关规定的解读，记忆性的内容较多。但是，各个工程活动之间的紧密联系也决定了法规科目需要融会贯通的特点，工程法规的内容看似简单，但由于它在整个建造师考试理论体系中的重要性，必然要求大家对它有更深的了解，因此考试时可能难度要加大。法规的命题较为灵活，难则很难，易则极易，所以，法规科目的复习切不可急躁，万不可轻视这门看似纯文科的工程科目。 项目管理： 《建设工程项目管理》是建造师考试的基础科目，以三控三管一协调为核心思路分别进行叙述。包括7章40节，132目，约600个知识点。此外，项目管理的知识点分布极为散乱，且与专业工程管理与实务的联系非常紧密。虽然项目管理的难度并不大，但根据历年的统计，本科目在公共科目中的通过率往往最低，主要有两大方面原因：一方面项目管理的知识点分布散乱，容易造成记忆混乱; 点击【一级建造师学习资料】或打开https://www.360docs.net/doc/759104224.html,/category/jzs1?wenkuwd，注册开森学（学尔森在线学习平台）账号，免费领取学习大礼包，包含：①精选考点完整版
第二语言教学跨文化交际案例分析
第二语言教学跨文化交际案例分析 案例分析与写作（共40分） 七、请根据以下材料，按照“发现问题——分析问题——解决问题”的思路，写一篇1500字以上的案例分析，要求观点明确、材料 充实、结构严谨、条理清楚、语言规范、卷面清洁。 材料： 李晓雨是云南大学的一名毕业生，毕业后通过汉办的志愿者选拔，被派往泰国，成为一名汉语教师志愿者。她性格一直比较开朗，所以当她只身一人前往泰国北部的一个中学任教时，也是满怀憧憬；但是她却发现来机场接她的学校人员对她很冷漠，从机场到学校8个小时的路途上几乎没与她说一句话。她知道绝不是因为语言不通。李晓雨是个爱说爱笑的人，她几次想打破沉默，但一直不明白自己到底在什么地方得罪了来接她的人，还是别人根本不想和自己说话。她只好一个人看着车窗外本来很美但不再觉得美的景色。到了目的地，司机和接待的人把她放到一间小房子里，就走了。房间里只有一张平板床，没有任何铺盖。一个初来乍到的女孩，好几个小时没吃饭，没喝水，又不知道商店在那里，身上也没有当地的钱币。晓雨真的有些受不了了，趴在床板上泪水忍不住簌簌而下。她问自己到底做错了什么，为什么别人对自己如此冷漠，为什么和她想象中热情好客的泰国人差距这么大。第一天到学校上班，她的感觉仍然不好，似乎每个学生和老师都对她很冷，没有真诚的微笑，没有主动的招呼。这下可把晓雨急坏了，她开始注意自己每一个细小的举止言行，生怕别人不喜欢。她一直觉得是因为自己做得还不够好，所以别人不接受自己，甚至不接收中文老师的课程。 晓雨是个倔强、好强的女孩。她不服输，认真地向泰国老师学习他们对待学生和同事的方式，积极参加他们的各种活动。有一次她在办公室里看到一个30岁左右的女教师批改了一个学生的作业之后在那个初中学生的脸颊上亲吻了一下。晓雨觉得自己长这么大从来没接受甚至看到过老师亲吻学生的，然而在这里她发现效果真的很好，那个老师和学生的关系非常融洽和谐。在那个教师的鼓励下，她也开始尝试亲吻学生的脸颊，她发现效果出人意料的好！越来越多的人认识了晓雨并成为了她的朋友。她慢慢体会了到冰在融化的感觉。有一次一个老教师来问她是否要去参加学校的升国旗活动，她爽快地回答说：“好啊！”那位老教师有些惊讶地说：“你们中国来的老师不是不愿意参加我们的升国旗仪式吗？你是真的愿意还是假的？”她坚定地说：“我愿意！”从那之后，她每周都很早来到升泰国国旗的地方集合。老师们和同学们对她的态度都发生了很大的变化，这次升旗成了一个分水岭。 答案：案例中的李晓雨同学只身一人被派往泰国，成为一名汉语教师志愿者。在她刚刚到达目的地时，却发现前来接他的当地学校人员态度并不像她想象的那样热情，反而十分冷淡，对于初来乍到的她也没有给予相应的帮助和照顾。在接下来的工作中，李晓雨发现，学校里其他泰国老师对她的态度也并不热情。不仅没有帮助她适应教学工作，甚至连主动的招呼也没有。学生也没有和她建立起和睦融洽的师生关系，这样的问题还影响到了汉语的教学。 从案例中我们可以了解到，李晓雨与当地人之间交际的问题并不是由语言障碍所引起的，文化障碍则是最主要的原因。 跨文化交际过程大体上可分为蜜月期，挫折，调整和适应四个阶段。李晓雨在一开始对泰国人抱有一种思维定式，即原有的“文化成见”。在她的想象中，泰国人是“热情好客”的。而当她受到接待人员的冷漠对待时，想象与实际情况之间的巨大差距使她很难及时调整好自己的心态来适应这一状况，甚至不断地质疑自己的行为。这使得李晓雨在同泰国人的跨文化交际中迅速从蜜月期进入到了挫折阶段。 在接下来一段时间的工作中，李晓雨开始注意自己的行为举止，直到她看到一位泰国教师在批改了学生的作业后亲吻了学生的脸颊。这件事给李晓雨带来的触动很大，因为她以前从未有过教师亲吻学生的经历。这部分是由于中国的传统文化一直强调“尊师重道”，教师常常是高高在上不容冒犯的对象，泰国教师与学生间亲吻脸颊这样的动作在中国是绝少会发生的。部分也与中国人含蓄、内敛的性格传统有关。因此我们不难看出，母语文化与异文化的差异也是造成跨文化交际障碍的一个重要原因。由于对异文化的不了解，很容易将母语文化的思维方式带入跨文化交际中，以致于加深双方的隔阂。在李晓雨意识到这一问题之后，她也开始尝试按照当地人的方式来进行交际，并尝试亲吻了学生的脸颊，效果出乎她意料的好，她与当地人的交际也开始融洽起来。这时的李晓雨已能够逐步克服母语文化与异文化之间差异带来的交际障碍，并逐步进入到调整阶段。 案例中提及的另一个重要事件是升旗事件。李晓雨热情爽快地同意参加泰国学校的升旗仪式，使当地教师十分惊讶，从此其他泰国老师和学生对她的态度也发生了很大变化。这次事件是一个分水岭，李晓雨开始进入适应阶段，这与她坚持不懈地融入异文化的努力是分不开的。另一方面我们可以从泰国老师表现出的惊讶看出，之前学校里的中国教师在与当地人的跨文化交际中并没有采取正确的文化策略，也没有积极尝试与异文化的沟通，因此给对方造成了中国人不尊重泰国文化的负面印象，这也是最初的接待人员对李晓宇态度冷漠的原因。由此可以看出正确的文化策略在跨文化交际中具有重要作用，它不仅会影响到自身交际的正常进行，还会对本群体中其他成员的跨文化交际带来一定影响。 对于一名李晓雨这样的汉语教师来说，在进行正常的汉语教学之前，先要实现同当地人，特别是同学生的和谐交际。通过上文对案例中提及到的问题的分析我们能够认识到，在进行跨文化交际之前首先要尊重当地文化，应当多了解，多吸收异文化的文化知
《跨文化交际学概论》读后感
《跨文化交际学概论》读后感 AP0802325 钟欣奕 在学习《跨文化交际》这门课程和看完《跨文化交际学概论》这本书之前，我对“跨文化交际”的认识是：两个来自不同国家的人、组织或是国家之间的交流和沟通就是跨文化交际，而同一个国家的两个不同地区的文化的交流并不是跨文化交际。因为我认为既然是“‘跨’文化”，那这两种文化之间的差异应该是很大的，有非常不一样的文化来源和文化背景，有不一样的发展历程和演变过程，形成了两种很不一样的文化内涵。比如，美索不达米亚平原和幼发拉底河孕育的文化、黄河孕育的文化都是各有各的特点。随着经济的发展，交通工具的进步与通讯手段的发展，跨文化交际成了人们的需求，成为经济全球化和“地球村”的需求。 但是，《跨文化交际学概论》这本书中的第一部分第一章中提到：任何两份人之间的交际都是跨文化交际。这让我对“跨文化交际”有了一种新的认识。 有些学者就认为，跨文化交际研究的范围应该也包括地区、职业、年龄、性别等方面的文化差异探讨。地区之间文化的差异，特别是在饮食方面还是比较明显的。在肇庆一些地方，番薯和南瓜是很少被当做是一道菜，更多的是当早餐或者是相当于正餐的米饭，但是同属广东，有一些地方又偏爱“蒜炒南瓜”。又比如，在我的家乡—海南，人们很爱吃生芒果，吃法也很特别：有的人会蘸盐吃，但更多人，包括我，更喜欢蘸调料吃，这种调料是用酱油、白砂糖、海南灯笼椒、或虾酱调制而成的。我周围的朋友都觉得这种吃法很奇怪，无法想象竟然用水果蘸酱油吃。不过我们当地人觉得味道还挺不错的。 正所谓“隔行如隔山”，每种行业之间虽然有互通的知识，但是之间的差别还是挺大的。对大多数学习文史类的人来说，理工科的公式换算简直就是“鬼画符”一样难懂。具体来说，要一个只专长与计算机编程的人去欣赏充满意境、“形散神聚”的散文，也是一件很难的事情。
大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案完整版
期末考试范围 ? 1. 阅读理解2篇（20%） ? 2. 选词填空：15个句子（15个备选项，课后的key concepts,概念的词为主。（15%） ?eg: ———the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue. ? 3. 简答题：课后comprehension questions和case study( 课内或者稍微改动的）。（25%） 4. 实用写作：一封信什么的（格式）（10%） 5. 写作：给出某个文化现象观点，运用所学文化差异进行评论 （comment)。（30%） 如: 说给一个关于教育的话题（文化现象），我们要用所学的中 美教育差异进行评论，议论文形式。 价值观，家庭观，社会关系朋友观，饮食观，教育观，时间观等 篇目：Unit1: A B C Unit2 A Unit3 A B Unit5A Unit6A Unit7 A Unit10 B Unit1 A Key concepts reservation: 谦逊的coldness: 冷静的 modesty：谦虚的 humor：幽默的 sportsmanship：运动员精神 Q1、what is a reserved person like? Answer: A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. Q2、what is the character of the Englishmen? Answer: reserved 、humor、modesty、cold、sportsmanship. Q3、what is sportsmanship? Answer: sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport according to its rules, while al so showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. Case study Q、What made the British feel quite unhappy in this situation?
一级建造师备考心得(一建考生值得一看)
1、压力大时怎么办？ 学习的过程中不时会出现各种压力，感觉整个人在那种状态下是很脆弱的，每当我有这种压力时，我就会跟考过的朋友进行交流，还很郁闷地问他们，为什么他们这么容易就通过，我这个这么难学，老是记不住，后来他们告诉我，实际上他们学习的时候也有这种压力，都是硬着头皮熬过来的，都是在反复不断地记忆，没有哪个人能够轻而易举地考过，尽自己最大的努力就行。其实考试当天也是相当的紧张的，我记得我考经济的时候，紧张得连现值、终值公式都记错了，平时可是记得滚瓜烂熟，可见保持一颗平静的心是多么重要！ 2、到底要花多少时间？ 对于这个问题，我觉得要尽量花一切能够利用的时间，我就整天觉得时间不够用，自己还有很多不懂的，我早上起来，记忆一些前一天老师讲的内容，踩着点上班，到班上以后，打开电脑，看电子版的教材，动笔进行学习和记忆，中午还可以听一会课件，下午上班，只要不忙，基本会看看电子版的书，哪一天不看书，就感觉少了些什么，晚上的时间对于上班族来说，就比较宝贵了，因为白天上班不方便听课件，晚上时间我基本都是用来听课件，也不会太晚睡，一般十一点前肯定睡觉，不睡觉第二天精神会非常不好，没有办法学习，这个因人而异，有的人可以挑灯夜战到很久。 3、如何对待教材？ 教材是考试的基础，建议还是跟着老师的讲解进行学习，有些老师认为不重要的，考试也没有办法考的，可以适当弱化，毕竟人的时间和精力有限，根本没有时间去记忆那么多东西。可以跟着不同的老师听几遍课件，因为每个老师认为的重点会有略微的不同，可以查漏补缺，在对书有了大体轮廓的了解后，合上书，知道每一个章节大致讲的哪些内容，这个是将书越看越薄的过程；当然光有这个过程还是不够的，有些知识我认为懂了，实际上没有真的懂，检验懂还是没有懂的方法就是看一看真题，不一定要着手做，可以看看题目讲的是什么意思，自己能不能领会命题人的出题的意图，这个是把书越看越厚的一个过程。 4、如何对待押题？ 临到要考试前半个月，押题满天飞，对待公共课押题的态度其实挺简单，可以讲押题的内容划在书上，其实好多都是自己以前背过的内容，考前再看看，加强记忆，其实挺好，当然也不能只背这些押题的，没人敢保证只考这些内容，还是要靠平时的积累和多做真题，可以弄个错题集，考前将错题拿出来再做一做看一看。对待实务的押题就要摆正心态了，不能用相信与不相信来形容押题，前期的押题也就是划书和一些老师的总结，能够引导我们的记忆，将学过的一些知识串联起来，还可以查漏补缺，学到一些书上没有的知识，后期的押题就显得有点孤注一掷了，可以选择性地看看一些考前预测卷，没有见过的直接看看答案，不要浪费太多的时间，大部分时间还是要花在看教材上。
新编跨文化交际案例分析
Unit 5 Culture and Verbal Communication Case 17 When these two men separate, they may leave each other with very different impressions. Mr Richardson is very pleased to have made the acquaintance of Mr Chu and feels they have gotten off to a very good start. They have established their relationship on a first-name basis and Mr Chu‘s smile seemed to indicate that he will be friendly and easy to do business with. Mr Richardson is particularly pleased that he had treated Mr Chu with respect for his Chinese background by calling him Hon-fai rather than using the western name, David, which seemed to him an unnecessary imposition of western culture. In contrast, Mr Chu feels quite uncomfortable with Mr Richardson. He feels it will be difficult to work with him, and that Mr Richardson might be rather insensitive to cultural differences. He is particularly bothered that, instead of calling him David or Mr Chu, Mr Richardson used his given name, Hon-fai, the name rarely used by anyone, in fact. It was this embarrassment which caused him to smile. He would feel more comfortable if they called each other Mr Chu and Mr Richardson. Nevertheless, when he was away at school in North America he learned that Americans feel uncomfortable calling people Mr for any extended period of time. His solution was to adopt a western name. He chose David for use in such situations. Case 18 Even if the American knew Urdu, the language spoken in Pakistan, he would also have to understand the culture of communication in that country to respond appropriately. In this case, he had to say ―No at least three times. In some countries, for instance, the Ukraine, it may happen that a guest is pressed as many as seven or eight times to take more food, whereas in the UK it would be unusual to do so more than twice. For a Ukrainian, to do it the British way would suggest the person is not actually generous. Indeed, British recipients of such hospitality sometimes feel that their host is behaving impolitely by forcing them into a bind, since they run out of polite refusal strategies long before the Ukrainian host has exhausted his/her repertoire of polite insistence strategies. Case 19 Talking about what‘s wrong is not easy for people in any culture, but people in high-context countries like China put high priority on keeping harmony, preventing anyone from losing face, and nurturing the relationship. It seems that Ron Kelly had to learn a different way of sending message when he was in China. At home in Canada he would have gone directly to the point. But in China, going directly to the problem with someone may suggest that he or she has failed to live up to his or her responsibility and the honor of his or her organization is in question. In high-context cultures like China, such a message is serious and damaging. In low-context cultures, however, the tendency is just to ―spit it out, to get it into words and worry about the result later. Senders of unwelcome messages use objective facts, assuming, as with persuasion, that facts are neutral, instrumental, and impersonal. Indirectness is often the way members of high-context cultures choose to communicate about a problem. Case 20 It seems that the letters of request written in English as well as in Chinese by Chinese people are likely to preface the request with extended face-work. To Chinese people, the normal and polite way to form a request requires providing reasons that are usually placed before the requests. Of course, this is just the inverse of English conventions in which requests are fronted without much face-work. In the view of the English-speaking people, the opening lines of Chinese requests and some other speech acts do not usually provide a thesis or topic statement which will orient the listener to the overall direction of the communication. Worst of all, the lack of precision and the failure to address the point directly may lead to suspicions that the Chinese speakers are beating around the bush. To them, the presence of a clear and concise statement of what is to be talked about will make the speech more precise, more dramatic, and more eloquent. However, the Chinese learning and using English in communication may find it difficult to