计算机专业英语2008影印版 翻译

P4:

People: It is easy to overlook people as one of the five parts of an information system. Yet this is what microcomputers are all about –making people, end users like you, more productive.

人们很容易忽视的一个信息系统的五个部分。但这正是微型计算机都是关于——让人们，和你一样的终端用户，更有效率。

Procedures:The rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software , hardware, and data are procedures. These procedures are typically documented in manuals written by computer specialists. Software and hardware manufacturers provide manuals with thire products. These manuals are provided either in printed or electronic form.

程序:规则或指导人们在使用软件时,硬件和数据的程序。这些程序通常记录在手册由计算机专家写的。软件和硬件制造商提供与他们产品手册。这些手册是在印刷或电子形式提供。

Software: A program consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work. Software is anther name for a program or programs. The purpose of software is to convert data (unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts). For example, a payroll program would instruct the computer to take the number of hours you worked in a week (data) and multiply it by your pay rate (data) to determine how much you are paid for the week (information).

软件:一个程序包括循序渐进的指示,告诉计算机如何工作。软件是另一个程序或项目的名称。软件的目的是将数据(未加工的事实)转化为信息处理(事实)。例如,工资计划将指示计算机花一周的时间在(数据)和乘以你的支付率(数据)来确定你支付多少本周(信息)。

Hardware:The equipment that processes the data to create information is called hardware. It includes the keyboard, mouse, monitor, system unit, and other devices. Hardware is controlled by software.

硬件:处理数据创建信息的设备叫做硬件。它包括键盘、鼠标、显示器,系统单元和其他设备。硬件是由软件控制的。

Data: The raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds, are called data. Processed data yields information. Using the pervious example of a payroll program, the data (number of hours worked and pay rate) is processed (multiplied) to yield information (weekly pay).

数据:原始的,未经加工的事实,包括文本、数字、图片、和声音,被称为数据。处理数据产量信息。使用透水的工资项目,数据(工时和工资率)处理(增加)收益率信息(每周支付)。

P8:

Operating systems are programs that coordinate computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications. Windows XP, Windows Vista, and the Mac OS X are three of the best-known operating systems for today’s micro-computer users.

操作系统程序,协调计算机资源,用户和计算机之间提供一个接口,运行应用程序。Windows XP、Vista和Mac OS X是三个最著名的为今天的微机用户操作系统。

Utilities perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources. For example, the Windows utility called Disk Defragmenter locates and eliminates unnecessary file fragments and rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize computer operations.

实用程序执行特定任务相关的管理计算机资源。例如,Windows实用程序称为磁盘碎片整理程序定位和消除不必要的文件碎片并将文件和未使用的磁盘空间优化计算机操作。

Device drivers are specialized programs designed to allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.

设备驱动程序是专门的程序设计为允许特定的输入或输出设备与计算机系统的其余部分。Application software might be described as end user software. These programs can be categorized as either basic or specialized applications.

应用软件可能被描述为最终用户软件。这些程序可分为两种基本的或专门的应用程序。

Basic applications are widely used in nearly all career areas. They are the kinds of programs you have to know to be considered computer competent. One of these basic applications is a browser to navigate, explore, and find information on the internet. The two most widely used brow sers are Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Netscape’s Navigator. For a summary of the basic applications.

基本应用程序广泛应用于几乎所有的职业领域。他们的项目你必须知道要考虑计算机的能力。其中一个基本的应用程序是一个浏览器导航,探索,并在互联网上查找信息。两个最广泛使用的浏览器是微软的Internet Explorer和Netscape的导航器。总结的基本应用程序。

Specialized applications include thousands of other programs that are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations. Some of the best known are graphics, audio, video, multimedia, Web authoring, and artificial intelligence programs.

专门的应用包括成千上万的其他程序,他更专注于特定的学科和职业。一些最著名的图形、音频、视频、多媒体、网络编辑,和人工智能程序。

P11

System unit: The system unit is a container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system. Two important components of the system unit are the microprocessor and memory. The microprocessor controls and manipulates data to produce information. Many times the microprocessor is contained within a protective cartridge. Memory, also known as primary storage or random access memory, holds data and program instructions for processing the data. It also holds the processed information before it is output. Memory is sometimes referred to as temporary storage because its contents will typically be lost if the electrical power to the computer is disrupted.

系统单元:系统单元是一个容器,房子的大部分电子元件组成一个计算机系统。两个重要的组件的系统单元微处理器和内存。微处理器控制和操纵数据生产信息。很多次微处理器包含在一个保护盒。记忆,也被称为主存储器或随机存取存储器,数据和程序指令进行处理的数据。它还拥有前处理信息的输出。记忆有时被称为临时存储,因为它的内容通常会丢失如果电脑的电力中断。

Input/output: Input devices translate data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process. The most common input devices are the keyboard and the mouse .Output devices translate the processed information from the computer into a form that humans can understand. The most common output devices are monitors and printers.

输入/输出:输入设备数据和程序,人类能理解翻译成计算机可以处理的一种形式。最常见的输入设备是键盘和鼠标。输出设备将计算机的处理信息转化为人类可以理解的一种形式。最常用的输出设备有显示器和打印机。

P14

Worksheet files, created by electronic spreadsheets to analyze things like budgets and to predict sales.

工作表文件,由电子表格分析预算和预测销售。

Connectivity is the capability of your microcomputer to share information with other computers. The single most dramatic change in connectivity in the past five years has been the widespread use of mobile or wireless communication devices. For just a few of these devices. Many experts predict that these wireless applications are just the beginning of the wireless revolution, a revolution that is expected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology.

连接是微机的功能与其他计算机共享信息。连接的最巨大的变化在过去的五年里一直移动或无线通讯设备的广泛使用。这些设备的几个。许多专家预测,这些无线应用程序只是无线革命的开始,一场革命,将极大地影响到我们的沟通方式和使用计算机技术。

P30:

Communicating is by far the most popular Internet activity. You can exchange e-mail with your family and friends almost anywhere in the world. You can join and listen to discussions and debates on a wide variety of special-interest topics.

沟通是迄今为止最受欢迎的互联网活动。你可以与你的家人和朋友交换电子邮件几乎在世界任何地方。你可以加入,听各种特殊利益主题讨论和辩论。

Shopping is one of the fastest-growing Internet applications. You can window shop, look for the latest fashions, search for bargains, and make purchase.

购物是增长最快的互联网应用之一。你可以窗口购物,寻找最新的时尚,寻找便宜货,并作出购买。Searching for information has never been more convenient. You can access some of the world’s largest directly form your home computer. You can find the latest local, national, and international news.

搜索信息从来没有更方便。你可以直接访问的一些世界上最大的形式你的家用电脑。你可以找到最新的地方、国家、国际新闻。

Entertainment options are nearly endless. You can find music, movies, magazines, and computer game. You will find live concerts, more previews, book clubs, and interactive live games.

娱乐选项几乎是无穷无尽的。你可以找到音乐、电影、杂志和电脑游戏。你会发现生活音乐会,更多的预览,读书俱乐部,和互动游戏。

Education or e-learning is another rapidly emerging Web application. You can take classes on almost any subject. There are courses just for fun and there are course for high school, college, and graduate school credit. Some cost nothing to take and others cost a lot.

教育和学习是另一个迅速崛起的Web应用程序。你可以上课几乎任何话题。有课程只是为了好玩和有高中,大学,研究生院信贷。一些成本没有和其他人花费很多。

P123:

Managing resources: These programs coordinate all computer’s resources including memory, processing, storage, and devices such as printers and monitors. The also monitor system performance, schedule jobs, provide security, and start up the computer.

管理资源:这些项目协调所有计算机的资源包括内存、处理、储存、和设备(如打印机和显示器。也监控系统性能,安排工作,提供安全,启动电脑。

Providing user interface: Users interact with application programs and computer hardware through a user interface. Many older operating systems used a character-based interface in which users communicated with the operating system through written commands such as “Copy A:assign.doc to C:”. Almost all newer operating systems use a graphical user interface (GUI). As we discussed in Chapter 3, a graphical user interface uses graphical elements such as icons and windows.

提供用户界面:用户与应用程序交互和计算机硬件通过用户界面。许多旧的操作系统使用一个基于字符界面,用户通过书面沟通与操作系统命令,如“复制一个:分配。C:医生”。几乎所有的新操作系统使用图形用户界面(GUI)。在第三章,我们讨论了一个图形用户界面使用图标和windows等图形元素。

Running applications:These programs load and run applications such as word processors and spreadsheet. Most operating systems support multitasking or the ability to switch between different applications stored in memory. With multitasking, you could have Word and Excel running at the same time and switch easily between the two applications.

运行应用程序:这些程序加载并运行应用程序,比如文字处理和电子表格。大多数操作系统支持多任务或不同的应用程序之间切换的能力存储在内存中。与多任务处理,可以同时运行Word和Excel和开关很容易在两个应用程序之间。

P153:

The system board is also known as the motherboard. The system board is the communications medium for the entire computer system. Every component of the system unit connects to the system board. It acts as a data path allowing the various components to communicate with one another. External devices such as the keyboard, mouse, and monitor could not communicate with the system unit without the system board.

系统董事会也称为主板。系统板是整个计算机系统的通信介质。系统的每个组件单元连接到系统板。它充当数据路径允许各种组件和彼此交流。外部设备,如键盘,鼠标,显示器不能与系统单元通信系统板。Sockets provide a connection point for small specialized electronic parts called chips. Chips consist of tiny circuit boards etched onto squares of sandlike material called silicon. These circuit boards can be smaller than the tip of your finger. A chip is also called a silicon chip, semiconductor, or integrated circuit. Chips are mounted on carrier packages. These packages either plug directly into sockets on the system board or onto cards that are then plugged into slots on the system board. Sockets are used to connect the system board to a variety of different types of chips, including microprocessor and memory chips.

套接字提供一个连接点为小型专业电子零件称为芯片。芯片是由微小的电路板上的方块sandlike材料称为硅。这些电路板可以小于你的手指。芯片也被称为硅片、半导体、集成电路。芯片安装在载体包。这些包在系统板直接插入插座或卡片上,然后插入插槽在系统板。套接字用于系统板连接到各种不同类型的芯片,包括微处理器和内存芯片。

P160:

Plug and Play is a set of hardware and software standards developed by Intel, Microsoft, and others. It is an effort by hardware and software vendors to create

operating systems, processing units, and expansion boards as well as other devices, that are able to configure themselves. Ideally, to install a new expansion board, all you have to do is insert the board and turn on the computer. As the computer starts up, it will search for these Plug and Play devices and automatically configure the devices and the computer system. Unfortunately, not all computer systems and expansion cards have this capability. For those devices that do not, reconfiguration involves installing device drivers as discussed in Chapter 5.

即插即用硬件和软件标准的是一组由英特尔、微软、和其他人。它是由硬件和软件供应商的努力创建操作系统,处理单元,和扩大董事会以及其他设备,能够配置本身。理想情况下,安装一个新的扩展板,所有你需要做的就是在剪贴薄中放入董事会和打开电脑。当电脑启动时,它将搜索这些即插即用设备和自动配置设备和计算机系统。不幸的是,并不是所有的计算机系统和扩展卡有这个能力。对于不的这些设备,重新配置包括安装设备驱动程序详见第五章。

P195:

Ink-jet printers spray ink at high speed onto the surface of paper. This process not only produces a letter-quality image but also permits printing to be done in a variety of colors, making them ideal for select special applications. Ink-jet printers are the most widely used printers. They are reliable quite, and relatively inexpensive. The most costly aspect of ink-jet printers is replacing the ink cartridges. For this reason, most users specify black ink for the majority of print jobs and use the more expensive color printing for select applications.

高速喷墨打印机墨水喷到表面的纸。这个过程不仅产生质量良好的形象,也允许印刷在各种各样的颜色,使它们适合选择特殊应用。喷墨打印机是最广泛使用的打印机。他们是可靠的,而且成本也相对较低。最昂贵的部分喷墨打印机更换墨盒。出于这个原因,大多数用户指定多数黑色墨水打印作业并选择应用程序使用更昂贵的彩色印刷。

The laser printer use a technology similar to that used in a photocopying machine. Laser printers use a laser light beam to produce images with excellent letter and graphics quality. More expensive than ink-jet printers, laser printers are faster and are used in application requiring high-quality output.

A thermal printer uses heat elements to produce images on heat-sensitive paper. Originally these printers were only used in scientific labs to record data. More recently, color thermal printers have been widely used to produce very hingh-quality color artwork and text. Color thermal printers are not as popular because of their cost and the requirement of specially treated paper. They are special-use printers that produce near-photographic output. They are widely used in professional art and design work where very high-quality color is essential.

P216

HARD DISKS (P216)

like floppy disks, hard disks save files by altering the magnetic charges of the disk's surface. while a floppy disk uses a thin flexible plastic disk, a hard disk uses thicker, rigid metallic platters that are stacked one on top of another. hard disk store and organize files using tracks sectors, and cylinders. A cylinder runs through each track of a stack of platters. Although not needed by floppy disks that have a single platter, cylinders are necessary to differentiate files stored on the same track an sector of different platters. when a hard disk is formatted, tracks, sectors, and cylinders are

assigned.

像软盘，硬盘文件保存改变磁盘表面的磁荷。而软盘使用薄的弹性塑料盘，硬盘使用较厚，刚性，叠在另一个上面一个金属盘片。硬盘存储和组织文件使用跟踪部门，气瓶。一个圆柱体通过每一个盘片栈的轨道运行。虽然不是需要有一个单碟的软盘，气瓶要区分不同盘片的部门在同一轨道上存储的文件。当硬盘被格式化，轨道，部门，和汽缸分配

INTERNAL HARD DISK

An internal hard disk is located inside the system unit. For most microcomputer syste ms, the internal hard disk drive is designated as the C drive. It is used to store progra ms and large data files. For example, nearly every microcomputer uses its internal har d disk to store its operating system and major applications such as Word and Excel. Internal hard disks have two advantages over floppy disks: capacity and access speed.

A 700-gigabyte internal hard disk, for instance, can hold almost as much information as 490,000 standard floppy disks. Because hard disks rotate faster and their read/write heads are closer to the recording surface, the time required to find and retrieve inform ation (access speed) is much faster than for floppy disks. For these reasons, almost all of today's powerful applications are designed to be stored on and run from an internal hard disk. To see how a hard disk works, visit our Web site at https://www.360docs.net/doc/76394406.html,puting2008.co m and enter the keyword disk.

To ensure adequate performance of your internal hard disk, you should perform routin e maintenance and periodically make backup copies of all important files. For hard-di sk maintenance and backup procedures, refer to Chapter 5's coverage of the Windows utilities Backup, Disk Cleanup, and Disk Defragmenter.

内部硬盘

一个内部硬盘坐落在系统单元。对于大多数微机系统,内部硬盘驱动器被指定为C驱动器。它是用来存储程序和大型数据文件。例如,几乎每一个微机使用其内部硬盘来存储其操作系统和主要应用,如Word和Excel。内部硬盘有两个优势软盘:容量和访问速度。内部硬盘700 g,例如,可以容纳几乎和490000年一样多的信息标准的软盘。因为硬盘旋转速度更快,他们的读/写头接近记录表面,发现和检索信息所需的时间(访问速度)

是比软盘快得多。由于这些原因,今天几乎所有的强大的应用程序被设计为存储和运行从一个内部硬盘。看到硬盘的工作方式,请访问我们的网站https://www.360docs.net/doc/76394406.html,,输入关键字磁盘。

以确保足够的性能的内部硬盘,你应该执行日常维护和定期备份所有重要文件的副本。硬盘维护和备份程序,请参阅第五章的报道Windows实用程序备份,磁盘清理和磁盘碎片整理程序。

HARD-DISK CARTRIDGES

While internal hard disks provide fast access, they have a fixed amount of storage and cannot be easily removed from the system cabinet. Hard-disk cartridges are as easy to remove as a cassette from a videocassette recorder. The amount of storage available t o a computer system is limited only by the number of cartridges.

Hard-disk cartridges are used primarily to complement an internal hard disk. Because the cartridges are easily removed, they are particularly useful to protect or secure sens itive information. Other uses for hard-disk cartridges include backing up the contents of the internal hard disk and providing additional hard-disk capacity.

Hard-disk cartridges for desktop computers have typical capacities of 20 to 100 GB (g igabytes). One of the most widely used hard-disk cartridges is the Removable Hard Di sk from Iomega. (See Figure 8-6.) Credit card-size hard-disk cartridges called PC Car d hard disks are available for notebook computers with typical capacities up to 5 giga bytes. Two well-known PC Card hard disks are IBM's Microdrive and Toshiba's MK5 002. (See Figure 8-7.)

硬盘墨盒

而内部硬盘提供快速访问,他们有一个固定大小的存储空间,不能轻易地从系统中删除。硬盘墨盒一样容易移除一个盒式录像机。可用的存储计算机系统只有墨盒的数量是有限的。

硬盘墨盒主要用来补充内部硬盘。因为墨盒很容易移除,他们特别有用保护或安全的敏感信息。硬盘的其他用途墨盒包括备份的内容内部硬盘和提供额外的硬盘容量。

台式电脑硬盘墨盒有20到100 GB的典型能力(g)。最广泛使用的硬盘从艾美加墨盒是移动硬盘。(见图每天的比赛时间。)信用卡片尺寸硬盘墨盒称为PC卡片硬盘可用于笔记本电脑与典型的能力5 gb。两个著名的PC卡片硬盘是IBM的微硬碟机和东芝的MK5002。(见图8-7。)

P218

HARD-DISK PACKS

Hard-disk packs are removable storage devices used to store massive amounts of infor mation. (See Figure 8-8.) Their capacity far exceeds the other types of hard disks. Alt hough you may never have seen one, it is almost certain that you have used them. Mic rocomputers that have access to the Internet, minicomputers, or mainframes often hav e access to external hard-disk packs through communication lines. Banks and credit c ard companies use them to record financial information.

Like internal hard disks, hard-disk packs have multiple recording platters aligned one above the other. Hard-disk packs, however, use much larger platters, use more platters , and are not enclosed in a special container. Hard- disk packs are stored in a hard plas tic cover that is removed when the pack is mounted onto special drives. The drive rota tes the pack and access arms move in and out between the rotating platters. Each acce ss arm has two read/write heads. One reads the disk surface above it; the other reads t he disk surface below it. All the access arms move in and out together. However, only one of the read/write heads is activated at a given moment. A disk pack with 11 disks provides 20 recording surfaces. This is because the top and bottom outside surfaces of the pack are not used. (See Figure 8-9.)

For a summary of the different types of hard disks, see Figure 8-10.

硬盘包

硬盘包可移动存储设备用于存储大量的信息。(见图8-8。)他们的能力远远超过了其他类型的硬盘。虽然你可能从未见过,几乎可以肯定地说,你已经使用他们。微型计算机接入互联网,小型机、大型机往往通过通信线路访问外部硬盘包。银行和信用卡公司使用它们来记录财务信息。

如内部硬盘,硬盘包有多个记录盘上面对齐。硬盘包,然而,使用更大的磁盘,使用更多的磁盘,而不是封闭在一个特殊的容器中。努力——磁盘包存储在一个硬塑料盖时删除包安装到特殊的驱动器。驱动旋转包和访问手臂旋转盘之间的进出。每个磁头臂有两个读/写头。一个读取磁盘表面上面;另一个读取磁盘表面以下。一起访问武器进出。然而,只有一个读/写头被激活在给定的时刻。一个磁盘组有11个磁盘提供20记录表面。这是因为外面顶部和底部表面的不习惯。(参见图8)。

总结不同类型的硬盘,见图8 - 10。

P262

Intranets: Am intranet is a private network within an organization that resembles the Internet. Like the public Internet, intranets use browsers, Web sites, and Web pages. Intranets typically provide e-mail, mailing lists, newsgroups, and FTP services accessible only to those within the organization.

Organizations use intranets to provide information to their employees. Typical applications include electronic telephone directories, e-mail addresses, employee benefit information, internal job openings, and much more. Employees find surfing their organizational intranets to be as easy and as intuitive as surfing the Internet.

内部网:是内部网是一个私有网络组织中,类似于互联网。公共互联网、内部网使用浏览器,网站和网页。内部网通常提供电子邮件、邮件列表、新闻组和FTP服务只能在组织内。

组织使用内部网向员工提供信息。典型应用包括电子电话目录、电子邮件地址、员工福利信息,内部职位空缺,和更多。员工发现冲浪组织内部网一样容易和直观的上网。

Extranets

An extranet is a private network that connects more than one organization. Many organizations use Internet technologies to allow suppliers and others limited access to their networks. The purpose is to increase efficiency and reduce costs. For example, General Motors has thousands of suppliers for the parts that go into making an automobile. By having access to the production schedules, suppliers can schedule and deliver parts as they are needed at the General Motors assembly plants. In this way, General Motors can be assured of having adequate parts without maintaining large inventories.

内扩网

外联网是一个私有网络,连接多个组织。许多组织使用互联网技术允许供应商和其他有限的访问网络。目的是提高效率,降低成本。例如,通用汽车(General Motors)成千上万的供应商的零部件进入生产一辆汽车。通过访问生产计划,供应商可以调度和交付部分需要在通用汽车组装厂。这样,通用汽车(General Motors)可以确保有足够的零件没有维持大量库存。

Firewalls

Organizations have to be very careful to protect their information systems. A firewall is a security system designed to protect an organization’s network against external threats. It consists of hardware and software that control access to a company’s intranet or other internal networks.

防火墙

组织必须非常小心保护自己的信息系统。防火墙是一个安全系统,旨在保护组织的网络免受外部威胁。它由硬件和软件,控制公司的内部网或其他访问内部网络。

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Computer criminals

A computer crime is an illegal action in which the perpetrator uses special knowledge of computer technology. Typically, computer criminals are either emploees, outside users, hackers, crackers, organized crime members, or terrorists.

计算机罪犯

计算机犯罪是一种违法行为,犯罪者使用特殊的计算机技术知识。通常,计算机犯罪分子的要么是员工,外部用户,黑客,饼干,有组织的犯罪集团成员,或恐怖分子。

Employees:The largest category of computer criminals consists of those with the easiest access to computers—namely, employees. Sometimes the employee is simply trying to steal something from the employer—equipment, software, electronic funds, proprietary information, or computer time. Sometimes the employee is acting out of resentment and is trying to get back at the company.

员工:最大的一类计算机罪犯由那些最简单的访问computers-namely、员工。有时员工从employer-equipment只是想偷东西,软件,电子资金、专有信息或计算机时间。有时候员工的怨恨和试图回到公司。

Outside users: Not only employees but also some suppliers or clients may have access to company’s computer system. Examples are bank customers who use an automated teller machine. Like employees, these authorized users may be able to obtain confidential passwords or find other ways of committing computer crimes.

外部用户:不仅雇员,而且有些供应商或客户可以访问公司的计算机系统。例子是银行客户使用一个自动取款机。像雇员一样,这些授权用户可以获得机密密码或找到其他计算机犯罪的方法。

Hackers and crackers: Some people think of these two groups as being the same, but they are not. Hackers are people who gain unauthorized access to a computer system for the fun and challenge of it. Crackers do the same thing but for malicious purpose. They may intend to steal technical information or to introduce what they call a bomb—a destructive computer program—into the system.

黑客和饼干:有些人认为这两个组是相同的,但它们不是。黑客人未经授权地访问计算机系统的乐趣和挑战。饼干做同样的事但对恶意目的。他们可能想要窃取技术信息或介绍他们所谓的破坏性的计算机上将program-into系统。

Organized crime: Members of organized crime groups have discovered that they can use computers just as people in legitimate businesses do, but for illegal purpose. For example, computers are useful for keeping track of stolen goods or illegal gambling debts. In addition, counterfeiters and forgers use microcomputers and printers to produce sophisticated-looking documents such as checks and driver’s licenses.

有组织犯罪:有组织犯罪组织的成员已经发现,他们可以用电脑就像人们合法企业,但对于非法目的。例如,电脑是用于跟踪赃物或非法赌债。另外,伪造者使用微机和打印机生产sophisticated-looking检查和驾驶执照等文件。

Terrorists: Knowledgeable terrorist groups and hostile governments could potentially crash satellites and wage economic warfare by disrupting navigation and communication systems. The Department of Defense reports that its computer systems are probed approximately 25000 times a year by unknown sources.

恐怖分子:知识渊博的恐怖组织和敌对的政府可能会崩溃卫星和发动经济战争破坏导航和通信系统。国防部报道,它的计算机系统是由未知来源对每年约25000次。