句子成分、简单句、带答案
语法复习：一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语（subject）和谓语（predicate）；次要成分有表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、补足语（complement）和同位语（appositive）；句子的成分由实词担任。实词有名词n,代词pron,形容词adj,副词adv, 数词num,动词v,;虚词有冠词art, 介词prep, 连词conj, 助动词helping v.等，虚词在句中只起辅助和联系作用，不能单独做句子成分。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，表示所谈的是“谁”或“什么”，一般位于句首，即在谓语之前。可充当主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
Ten is a very important number. (数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式to do）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词doing）
His being late made her very angry.(带有逻辑主语的动名词doing)
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式to do）
It’s not your fault that this has happened.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句）但在there be结构、疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语/助动词/情态动词后面。
（三）谓语：谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”“怎么样”，或说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语通常由动词充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
动词分为实义动词，连系动词，情态动词，助动词四类
其中，1.实义动词包括及物动词vt.(后要带宾语) 和不及物动词vi.
2.连系动词包括：系动词be；感官动词look/ sound/smell/feel/taste；表示“保持，持
续”keep, remain, stay, continue，表示变化：go, get, grow, become, fall, turn；表示“好
像”：seem, appear.
3.情态动词不能单独做谓语，常和其他动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词有can/could,
may/might, must, have to, shall/should, will/would, ought to, dare, need, used to.
如：I must go. We must work very hard at English. He will drive to Beijing tomorrow.
4.助动词不能单独做谓语，常和其他动词一起构成谓语。
如：I don’t like reading. Do you like reading….
He doesn’t like music. Does he get up early
We didn’t see him. Did you go there
She is writing a letter now. Is he singing
They are dancing now. Are you waiting for me
I haven’t finished it yet. Have you seen the film
She had gone there before you left. Had he sent you the email before you told me 综上句子，助动词do/does/did 帮助构成否定式和疑问句；
助动词is/am/are/was/were帮助构成进行时态和疑问句;
助动词have/has/had帮助构成完成时态和疑问句
另：谓语有时态，语态，语气，人称的变化。
时态主动语态被动语态
1.一般现在时：(1) be (am/is/are)；
(2) 动词原形/动词的三单形式+s/es，am/is/are＋
2.一般过去时: (1) be (was/were,)
(2) 动词的过去式-ed) was/were＋.
3.现在进行时:(am\is\are +动词的现在分词doing)am/is/are +being +.
4.过去进行时: was\were +动词的现在分词doing)was/were +being＋.
5.一般将来时:(1) am\is\are going to +动词原形) is/am/are going to be +.
(2) will \shall +动词原形) will/shall be＋.
6.过去将来时: (1) was\were going to +动词原形）was/were going to be+
(2) would\should+动词原形) would be＋
7.现在完成时: (has\have +动词的过去分词have/has been＋.
8.过去完成时: ( had +动词的过去分词had been＋.
9.含情态动词的句子:(can\may\must…+动词原形）情态动词+be +
（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, go，get, grow, fall, turn, seem, appear, keep, remain, look/ sound/smell/feel/sound,等）之后。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词vt.和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office. （宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），
例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. Lend your dictionary to me, please.
（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词vt，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由以下词来充当。例如：
His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：单个词做定语放在被修饰词前面（前置定语）；短语做定语放在被修饰词后面（后置定语）；
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
We have four lessons in the morning. (数词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
We should follow the teacher’s advice.(名词所有格)
His progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
Don’t wake up the sleeping baby. (现在分词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（现在分词/过去分词）
The man to give us the speech is a professor. (动词不定式)
The man upstairs came back late. Who is the man over there (副词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
He is reading an novel which is written by Hanhan. (定语从句)
但：形容词修饰不定代词something，nothing等时放在这些词之后。
I have something important t o do.
（八）状语：修饰动词v,形容词adj,副词adv,或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可充当状语的有：
He speaks English badly but reads it well. (副词)
Naturally he won the game. (副词)
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
At the top we stopped to look at the view. （不定式短语---目的状语）
Walking in the street, I met my old friend. (分词---时间状语)
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语—伴随状语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语按用途可分为以下10类：
How about meeting again at six（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
句子成分练习题( 一)
(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分，）
①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
②There is an old man coming here.
③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词（10分，）
①I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't
B. like
C. picture
D. wall
②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get
B. longer
C. days
D. summer
③Do you usually go to school by bus
A. Do
B. usually D. bus
④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast
B. twins
C. have
D. breakfast
⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom
B. didn't
C. do
D. his homework
⑦What I want to tell you is this.
A. want
B. to tell
C. you
D. is
⑧We had better send for a doctor.
A. We
B. had
C. send
D. doctor
⑨He is interested in music.
A. is
B. interested
C. in
D. music
⑩Whom did you give my book to
A. give C. whom D. book
(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，）
①My brother hasn't done his homework.
②People all over the world speak English.
③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④How many new words did you learn last class
⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
⑦They made him monitor of the class.
⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
(四) 挑出下列句中的表语（5分，）
①The old man was feeling very tired.
②Why is he worried about Jim
③The leaves have turned yellow.
④Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤She was the first to learn about it.
(五) 挑出下列句中的定语（6分，）
①They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.
②What is your given name
③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分，）
①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
②He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③She found it difficult to do the work.
④They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分，）
①There was a big smile on her face.
②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
⑥She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分，）
①Please tell us a story.
②My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.
④Here is a it to Tom.
⑤Did he leave any message for me
练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：
I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.
We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.
四、选择填空：
( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.
A. Now there the man
B. The man here now
C. The man who is here now
D. The man is here now
( ) 2. The weather ____.
A. wet and cold
B. is wet and cold
C. not wet and cold
D. were wet and cold ( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.
A. sweets
B. sweetly
C. nicely
D. sweet
( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.
A. lately
B. late
C. latest
D. latter
( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.
A. dead
B. died
C. dyed
D. deaded
( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.
A. We, us
B. Us, we
C. We, our
D. We, we
( )7. He found the street much ______.
A. crowd
B. crowding
C. crowded
D. crowdedly
( ) think _____necessary to learn English well.
A. its
B. it
C. that
D. that is
( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.
A. looks
B. is looked
C. is being looked
D. was looked
( ) will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.
A. that
B. when
C. in which
D. where
二、简单句、并列句和复合句
（一）句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：
Do they like skating How old is he
Is he six or seven years old Mary can swim, can’t she
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
2、按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）、定语从句（形容词性从句）和状语从句（副词性从句）。
. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
（二）简单句的五种基本句型（稍后详细分解）
1、ＳV（主＋谓）主语+不及物动词：. We work.
2、ＳV P（主＋系＋表）主语+系动词+表语：. He is a student.
3、ＳV O（主＋谓＋宾）主语+及物动词+宾语：. Henry bought a dictionary.
4、ＳV o O（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：. My
father bought me a car.
5、ＳV O C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：
. Tom made the baby laugh.
注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
（三）并列句的分类
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
（四）高考考点探讨
1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。
2、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词/关联词/引导词。
3、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显；如：在时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。如：We will go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow。
以下我们分步来分解简单句的五种基本句型：
基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）
主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！
谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词vi.）
1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares 管它呢
6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
注意：主语可以有定语修饰，谓语可以有状语修饰：如
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen │writes smoothly. 这支笔书写流利。
9. The red sun │rises in the east.
10. So they│had to travel by air or boat.
│got up early so as to catch the first bus.
12. She│sat there alone, reading a novel.
13. He │came back when we were eating.
14. Weak buildings│will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones │may stay up there.
1. 她昨天回家很晚。
2．会议将持续两个小时。
3．在过去的十年里我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化.
4．1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。
5．每天八时开始上课。
6．这个重五公斤。
7．五年前我住在北京。
8．秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。
9．我的爷爷早晨起得很早。
10. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。
基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词（即系动词）都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
系动词有系动词：be（be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用）；
感官动词：look/ sound/smell/feel/taste（如look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻，taste delicious尝起来美味）；
表示“保持，持续”：keep, remain, stay, continue，
表示变化：go, get, grow, become, fall, turn, turn out(结果是)；
表示“好像”：seem, appear.
Ｓ│Ｖ（是系动词）│Ｐ
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。
3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。
4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。
5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。
8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。
难点：另外：仔细研究以下句子：（找出系动词，思考表语有何特殊）
You’ll be all right soon. You don’t look very well. I feel rather cold. The cloth feels soft. The roses smell sweet. The day turned out (to be) a fine one. His health remains poor.
The mixture tasted horrible. How sweet the music sounds! He became a world-famous scientist.
It is getting warmer and warmer. It grew dark. The food has turned bad. Yesterday he suddenly fell ill. Mary’s face went red. His dream has come true.
The boy’s blood ran cold. Keep quiet, children! The weather continued fine for a long time.
He appears upset about it. As we joined the big crowd I got separated from my friends
I'm afraid you won't have time to get changed before the party.
以下语句是用___________作表语呢：
She appears/ seems to be very young. He appears/ seems to have caught cold.
They got to be friends. The meeting turned out to be successful. He seems to be ill.
The theory proved to be right. Much remains to be done. It remains to be proved. She sounds to be a very strange woman
以下语句是用___________作表语呢：
That’s why he fell ill.My idea is that we should help him.
It seems/ appears to me that something is wrong. It appears that he is unhappy.
It sounds to me as if someone were trying to get into the house.
Your voice sounds as if you had a cold.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
以下语句是用___________作表语呢：
He is at home/ in the library/ on the way home/ on holiday.
They are on duty/ on strike/ on leave.
The road is under repair.
以下语句是用___________作表语呢：
His report was surprising / disappointing/ delighting/moving/ astonishing…
The boy was moved/delighted/surprised/ disappointed/astonished…
He has become/ got/ grown interested in modern physics.
He seems/ appears drunk.
难点：“There be+主语+状语”结构：There be 后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’。这里的there仅为引导词，没有实际意义，它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be 之后；
1. 这里的there不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。
2. 此句型有时不用be动词，而用live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如：
There stands a hill in the middle of the park.
Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.
3. be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：
现在有there is/are …
过去有there was/were…
将来有there will be…；there is /are going to be...
现在已经有there has/have been…
可能有there might be...
肯定有there must be …/ there must have been...
过去曾经有there used to be …
似乎有there seems/seem/seemed to be …
碰巧有there happen/happens/happened to be …
4. there be 句型中的非谓语形式（“给力高考”p261，此处略去不讲）
巩固练习：
1．这个村子过去只有一口井。
2．客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。
3．天气预报说下午有大风。
4．灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。
5．战前这儿一直有家电影院的.
6．恰好那时房里没人（happen to be）。
7．从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。
8．公共汽车来了。
9．就只剩下二十八美元了。
10．铃响了。
基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词vt.宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：you, me, us, her, him, them等
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物动词vt.）│Ｏ【宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂，你能辨认吗】
1. Who │knows │the answer 谁知道答案
2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。
3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。
4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。
5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
6. He │said │"Good morning." 他说："早上好！"
7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。
9. Jim │cannot dress│himself.
1. Tom made a hole in the wall.
2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow.
3. They haven’t decided where to go next.
4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.
5. It took them ten years to build the dam.
6. Mother promises to give me a present.
7. Do you mind my opening the window
基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋双宾语（间宾＋直宾））
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为：动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea, please.
但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。
如：Give a cup of tea to me, please. She made a beautiful dress for me.
其中：用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。
用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│ｏ（多指人）│Ｏ（多指物）
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。
5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片
6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。
7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。
8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。
1．Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。
2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3．请把那本字典递给我好吗
4．他把车票给列车员看。
5．我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗
6．新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。
7．他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。
基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋复合宾语（宾＋宾补））
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。
名词/代词宾格+ 名词：The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.
名词/代词宾格+ 形容词：New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
名词/代词宾格+ 介词短语：I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.
名词/代词宾格+ 动词不定式：The teacher ask the students to close the windows.
名词/代词宾格+ 分词：I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│Ｏ（宾语）│Ｃ（宾补）
1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。
2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色
3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。
4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。
I │have never heard │the song│sung that way before. 我从来没听这首歌这样唱过
5. What │makes │him │think so 他怎么会这样想
The terrible sound│made │the children│frightened.
6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去
7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。
8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
9. He│has │his hair│cut every month 他每个月会剪一次头发
10. I │found│it│very pleasant │to be with your family.
school│made │it│a rule│that the students should stand up when class begins.
学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立
12. He │used to do│his homework│with his radio │on.
巩固练习：
1．我们叫她Alice.
2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
3．他们把小偷释放了。
4．令她惊讶的是，她发现自己在一个不同的世界了。
5．卫兵命令我们立即离开。
6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
7．他每个月会护理一次车。
8．我们不会让她在晚上外出的。
9．那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。
10．她正在听人家讲故事。
11．我从来没看见这个字这样用过。（模仿例句4）
12．他感到很难跟你交谈。（模仿例句10）
13．我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。（模仿例句10）
14．我们认为帮助穷人是我们的职责。（模仿例句11）。
15. 满嘴食物去说话是不礼貌的。（模仿例句12）。
同学们，到此你一定对英语简单句有了深刻的认识，但常用的英语句子并不都象简单句基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语在前面学习的基础上，让我们一起来加深对“定语、状语、同位语”的认识！
一、定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语：
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需一支兰色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词：
Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语：
His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。
There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
介词短语作定语：
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。
名词作定语：
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语：
The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。
不定式作定语：
The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。
There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。
分词（短语）作定语：
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。
There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。
定语从句：
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。
二、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句；说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘（此时in the classroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’（此时in the classroom为地点状语），最好写作‘In the classroom, the boy calls the girl.
副词（短语）作状语：
The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置）
The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）
The boy needs a pen now./Now, the boy needs a pen./The boy, now, needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语）
介词短语作状语：In the classroom, the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）
Before his mother, Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)
On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
分词（短语）作状语：
He sits there, asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）
Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）
Frightened, he sits there soundlessly./（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）
不定式作状语：
The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）
To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.
名词作状语：Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语）
状语从句：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句
、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句
三、同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：
We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）
We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）
四、独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。
感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词yes 否定词no 称呼语：称呼人的用语。
插入语：一些句中插入的I think , I believe,等。
如: The story, I think, has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.
情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）：perhaps也许,maybe大概, actually实际上,certainly当然，等。
五、分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。例：
错句：Studying hard, your score will go up.
正确：(1) Studying hard, you can make your score go up.
或(2)If you study hard, your score will go up.
解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，既your score . 显然做study的应是人，不应是your score（分数）. 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you ); 正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).
1. 分词独立结构常省略being, having been. 不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.
如：Game (being) over, he went home.
He stands there, book (being) in hand.
2. 独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。
如：With nothing to do, he fell asleep soon./无事可做，他很快就睡着了。
The teacher came in, with glasses on his nose./老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！）
（更多内容参看“给力高考p 260”）
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练习: 简单句、并列句和复合句
一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8. What he sai d at the meeting is very important, isn’t it
9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
I hope you are very well（）. I'm fine, but tired（）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（）. August is the hottest month here（）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（）Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（）. But he employs more men for the harvest（）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（）. Every evening we pump water from a well（）. It then runs
along channels to different parts of the garden（）.
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（）. These parties often make us very happy（）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（）. It's great（）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（）. Some of my friends drink beer（）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（）. There are five different time areas in the States（）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（）. How many different time areas do you have in China（）Well, I must stop and get some sleep（）. Please give my best regards to your parents（）.
三、选择填空：
1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.
A. and
B. or
C. if
D. so
2. It’s the third time that John has been late, ____
A. hasn’t he
B. isn’t he
C. isn’t it
D. hasn’t it
3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again!
A. How
B. What
C. What a
D. What an
4. Let us pass, ____
A. shan’t we
B. shall we
C. won’t we
D. will you
5. I suppose he’s serious, ____
A. do I
B. don’t I
C. is he
D. isn’t he
6. You had better not smoke here, ____
A. will you
B. had you
C. shall you
D. have you
7. Train as hard as you can ____ you’ll win the swi mming competition.
A. then
B. but
C. and
D. or
8. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.
A. and
B. but
C. so
D. because
9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____.
A. Henry hasn’t too
B. Henry also has not either
C. neither Henry has
D. neither has Henry
10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, ____ others enjoy swimming.
A. or
B. for
C. while
D. so
11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home
---- I’d like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so
12. ---- “____ is the temperature today”----“It’s 38 degrees.”
A. Which
B. How
C. How hot
D. How high
13. ---- Your uncle isn’t an engineer, is he ---- ____.
A. Yes, he isn’t
B. No, he isn’t
C. No, he is
D. He is
14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!
A. How, is she
B. What, is she
C. How, she is
D. What, she is
15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.
A. or
B. so
C. for
D. yet
16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. was making
B. makes
C. is making
D. made
17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.