土建中文翻译

土建中文翻译
土建中文翻译

TABLE OF CONTENTS

4.1.4 PARTICULAR SPECIFICATION CIVIL WORKS (80)

4.1.4.1 General (80)

4.1.4.1.1 Location of the Works (80)

4.1.4.1.2 Type of Works (80)

4.1.4.1.3 Switchgear Building (80)

4.1.4.1.4 Sequence of Construction (80)

4.1.4.1.5 Drawings (81)

4.1.4.1.6 Use of Site (81)

4.1.4.1.7 Plan of Operations and Temporary Works (81)

4.1.4.1.8 Contractor's Office and Accommodation, etc. (81)

4.1.4.1.9 Dealing with Water (81)

4.1.4.1.10 Liaison with Police and Other Officials (81)

4.1.4.1.11 Explosives and Blasting (82)

4.1.4.1.12 Works Executed by theProject Manager orby Other Contractors (82)

4.1.4.1.13 Water Supplies for the Works (82)

4.1.4.1.14 Employer's Approval of Finished Works (83)

4.1.4.1.15 Preservation of Trees (83)

4.1.4.1.16 Survey Beacons (83)

4.1.4.1.17 Basic Survey and Setting Out (83)

4.1.4.2 EARTHWORKS (83)

4.1.4.2.1 Bush Clearing (83)

4.1.4.2.2 Access and Internal Roads (84)

4.1.4.2.3 Removal of Top Soil (87)

4.1.4.2.4 Classification of Materials (87)

4.1.4.2.5 Order of Work (87)

4.1.4.2.6 Fill Material (88)

4.1.4.2.7 Spoil Material (89)

4.1.4.2.8 Expansive Material (89)

4.1.4.2.9 Surplus Material (89)

4.1.4.2.10 Side Drains (89)

4.1.4.2.11 Excavation in "Rock" (89)

4.1.4.2.12 Setting Out and Preparation for Earthworks (90)

4.1.4.2.13 Construction of Earthworks to Formation (90)

4.1.4.2.14 Unsuitable Material Information (90)

4.1.4.2.15 Spreading and Compaction of Embankment and Fills (90)

4.1.4.2.16 Drainage of Works (90)

4.1.4.2.17 Sub-grade Layer (91)

4.1.4.2.18 Tolerances (91)

4.1.4.2.19 Protection of Embankment Slopes (91)

4.1.4.2.20 Grassing of Slopes (91)

4.1.4.2.21 Borrow Pits (91)

4.1.4.2.22 Soil Sterilisation (92)

4.1.4.2.23 Earth Electrode (92)

4.1.4.2.24 Platform Areas (92)

4.1.4.3 MATERIALS FOR THE WORKS (92)

4.1.4.3.1 General (92)

4.1.4.3.2 Standards (92)

4.1.4.3.3 Filter Backfill for Sub-soil Drains (93)

4.1.4.3.4 Stone for Pitching (93)

4.1.4.3.5 Stone for Platform Surfacing (93)

4.1.4.4 DRAINAGE AND STORM WATER (93)

4.1.4.4.1 Drainage (93)

4.1.4.5 FENCING (94)

4.1.4.5.1 Fencing (94)

4.1.4.5.2 Dimensions (94)

4.1.4.5.3 Materials (95)

4.1.4.5.4 Installation (95)

4.1.4.6 CONCRETE AND BUILDING WORKS (96)

4.1.4.6.1 Earthworks (96)

4.1.4.6.2 CONCRETE, FORMWORK AND REINFORCEMENT (97)

4.1.4.6.3 BUILDER'S WORK (101)

4.1.4.6.4 PLASTER AND FLOOR COVERINGS (106)

4.1.4.6.5 GLAZING AND PAINTING (107)

4.1.4.6.6 SUBSTATION BUILDING SIZES. (109)

4.1.4.6.7 IRONMONGERY AND METALWORK (109)

4.1.4.6.8 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION (110)

4.1.4 PARTICULAR SPECIFICATION CIVIL WORKS 土建

4.1.4.1 General 总则

4.1.4.1.1 Location of the Works 位置

The locations of the sites are as described under the relevant clauses in scope of works in Volume 2. 位置见Volume 2中的相关条款

4.1.4.1.2 Type of Works 工作类型

The works to be constructed under this Contract include the following:

包括以下这些工作

Work for access road 入口公路的工程

- Earthworks for sub-station platform 变电站平台地基工作

- Subsoil drains and storm water drains地基排水渠及雨水渠

- 100 mm thick layer of stone to platform surface 100毫米厚到平台表面的一层石头

- Fencing 围栏

- Concrete bases and Stub columns 混凝土地基和短柱

- Cable Trenches电缆沟

- Switchgear Building Transformer foundations开关基建变压器基础

- Any other works necessary for full completeness其他完成工程所需的工作

4.1.4.1.3 Switchgear Building 开关基建

The switchgear building shall contain the following rooms: 包含以下工作

●Switchgear room to accommodate the entire switchgear panels plus a space that would accommodate 6

more feeder panels in the future.

开关室,可以容纳整个开关面板,并且还有一个空间,将来可容纳其余6个馈线面板

●Battery room (to accommodate both protection and communication batteries)

电池室(容纳保护和通信电池)

●Battery Charger, AC/DC Room.

电池充电器,交流/直流室

●Control and Protection Panel room to accommodate the necessary Protection and control panels and

space for future expansion.

控制和保护面板室,可以容纳必要的保护和控制面板,以及为将来的扩展预留空间

●Communication equipment room (5mX4m)

通讯设备室(5mX4m)

●Office room (4mX4m). Office furniture (cabinets, chairs and office table)

办公室(4mX4m)。办公室家具(柜子、椅子和办公桌)

●Kitchen 厨房

●Toilet facility 厕所设备

In addition a guardhouse with toilet facilities located at the main gate shall be constructed. The guardhouse area shall be clearly demarcated from the restricted area.

此外,应在正门建一个警卫室,有厕所设施。警卫室应与禁区有明显区分。

All the rooms shall be pressurised to avoid dust.

所有的房间应避免灰尘。

4.1.4.1.4 Sequence of Construction 建造顺序

The Contractor must complete all the civil works in time to provide a clean and complete site for the

mechanical and electrical erection.

承包方必须按时完成所有的土建工程,以便为后续的机械和电气安装提供一个干净和完整的环境。

The Contractor shall be responsible for timely delivery of materials to site and for compliance with the specified or agreed construction programme.

承包方应负责材料及时送到现场,并要符合指定或同意的施工方案。

4.1.4.1.5 Drawings 图纸

The Drawings issued with these documents are for tendering purposes only. Drawings for this project shall be made by the Contractor or his civil consultant, and be to the approval of the Project Manager.

这些文件发出的图纸是仅用于招标的目的。这个项目的图纸由承包人或他的土建顾问制作,由项目经理批准。

4.1.4.1.6 Use of Site 现场使用

The Contractor will restrict his activities to within the Sites. Access for others to work on the site concurrently with this Contract shall be maintained as far as possible. Where it is necessary for persons on foot or in vehicles, including other Contractors, to cross the site whilst work is in progress, the Contractor shall provide warning signs on either side of the Work and flagmen if necessary to guide such persons safely across the Site. The cost of maintaining access for others and assisting the passage of others across the Site shall be deemed to be covered by and included in the rates entered by the Contractor in the Price Schedules.

承包商会在现场范围内限制他的活动。与本合同相关的同时在现场工作的其他人,应尽可能保持一致。如果有人要步行或开车,包括其他承包商,要通过正在施工的现场,承包者应在工作现场任一侧提供警告标志,以引导这类人安全通过现场。给其他人用的维护通道以及协助他人通过现场的通道,这笔费用应包含在承包商填的价格表中。

4.1.4.1.7 Plan of Operations and Temporary Works 操作计划和临时工作

The Contractor shall, in accordance with Conditions of Contract and before commencing work on Site, submit to the Project Manager a fully detailed programme showing the order of procedure and method by which he proposes to carry out the construction and completion of the Civil Engineering works, and particulars of the organisation and staff proposed to direct and administer the performance of the Works.

承包者应根据合同条款,并在现场工作开始之前,提交给项目经理一个全面详细的方案,显示程序过程和他打算开展土木工程的建设和完成的方法,以及指导和管理这项工程的组织和工作人员的详细情况。

The information to be supplied to the Project Manager shall include Drawings showing the general arrangements of his temporary offices, camps, storage sheds, buildings and access roads, and details of Constructional Plant and Temporary Works proposed.

给项目经理的信息应包括图纸,图纸上要显示他临时办公室、营地,存储棚,建筑物和道路,以及建筑设备和临时工程的细节。

4.1.4.1.8 Contractor's Office and Accommodation, etc. 承包方的办公室和居住的地方等

The Contractor shall be responsible for his offices, accommodation, storage and workshops. The Contractor may fence this area for his own security for the duration of the Contract but any such fence erected together with all buildings, plant and materials shall be removed, all holes filled in and the site left in a tidy and level condition upon completion of the Contract.

承包者应负责他自己的办公室,住宿地,仓库和车间。承包商可能在合同的期限内出于自己安全的考虑给这些区域装上围栏,但这些围栏以及所有建筑物,厂房和材料应在合同完工时拆除,所有的孔要填补,给现场留下一个整洁和水平的环境。

4.1.4.1.9 Dealing with Water 水的处理

The Contractor shall keep the whole of the Works free from water and he will be deemed to have included in his rates in the Price Schedules for all pumping, shoring, temporary drains, sumps and other measures and provisions necessary for such purposes and for clearing away and making good to the satisfaction of the Project Manager damage caused thereby.

承包者应保持整个工程不被水淹没,他应该在价格表中包括了抽水的,防护的,临时排水渠,污水坑和其他为此目的采取的措施,以及清理现场,以及对水造成的损害要进行修补令项目经理满意的费用。

The Contractor shall keep all existing drainage channels clear and shall not obstruct the passage of water to or away from any such drainage channels.

承包者应保持所有现有的排水通道清洁,并不得堵塞水通过这些排水渠道。

4.1.4.1.10 Liaison with Police and Other Officials警察和其他官员的联络

Contractor shall cooperate closely with the Police and other officials of the area concerned regarding their requirements in the control of workmen, movement of traffic, or other matter.

承包者应与该地区的警察以及其他官员密切合作,关注他们对工人的控制,交通,或其他事项的要求。

4.1.4.1.11 Explosives and Blasting 爆炸和爆破

The Contractor shall use explosives for blasting in connection with the work only at such times and places and in such a manner as the Project Manager may approve, but such approval shall not relieve the Contractor from his responsibility for injury, loss, inconvenience and annoyance to persons, the Work and adjoining structures, roads, places and things and injury or damage to animals and property consequent on the use of such explosives. The Contractor shall be entirely liable for any accident that shall occur and shall save the Project Manager harmless and indemnified from all claims arising from such use of explosives.

承包者只有在规定的时间和地点以及经项目经理批准的方式使用炸药进行爆破,但这种批准,不得免除承包商因为使用炸药而对人员造成伤害,损失,不便和烦恼,以及工作和毗邻建筑物,道路,地方和事物,以及对动物、财产这些方面造成的损失而要承担的责任。承包者应对发生的任何意外负完全责任,并应使项目经理安全,并对所有因使用炸药引起的损害进行赔偿。

The Contractor shall keep in his office at the Site copies of Laws applying to the transport, storage and use of explosives and shall also submit to the Project Manager a copy of any instructions or notices which the Contractor may issue to his staff or workmen or post about the site in compliance with such Laws.

承包方应在他的现场办公室里放一本法律书,该书上有适用的运输,储存和使用爆炸物的法律规定,并且提交项目经理一份说明或通知,这份说明是根据这些法律由承包方签发给他的雇员或工作人员或张贴在现场。

The Contractor shall submit to the Project Manager details of the explosives, which he proposes to use, and of his proposals for the transport and storage of explosives.

承包商应提交项目经理一份炸药的详细说明,说明上写明用途、运输以及储存的方式。

4.1.4.1.12 Works Executed by the Project Manager or by Other Contractors

由项目经理或其他承办商承担的工作

The Project Manager reserves the right to execute on the site, works not included under this Contract and to employ for this purpose either his own employees or other contractors.

项目经理有权在现场执行不包括在本合同项下的工作,并为此聘请自己的员工或其他承包方。

The Contractor shall ensure that neither his own operations nor trespass by his own employees shall interfere with the operations of the Project Manager or his Contractors employed on such works and the same obligations shall be imposed on the Project Manager or his contractors in respect of work being executed under the Contract.

承包方应确保,他自己的操作以及员工不得干涉项目经理以及受雇于这项工作的承包商的工作,同样,项目经理以及承包商也不能干涉该合同项下承包方的工作。

The Contractor shall provide unhindered access to all parts of the site to the Project Manager, authorised representatives of the Project Manager and of public bodies and corporations, and to contractors employed by the Project Manager, and he shall make available to such authorised persons the use of all temporary access tracks in or about the site.

承包方应该给项目经理、项目经理授权代表、公共机构和公司的授权代表以及项目经理雇佣的承包商提供进入现场所有地方的不受阻碍的通道,项目经理应允许所有这些授权者使用现场的或与现场有关的临时通道。

Where works are being carried out concurrently in one area careful co-ordination of operations will be required so that interference can be minimised. The Project Manager shall have the power to regulate and rearrange the order

of execution of the Works under this Contract to achieve the best co-ordination practicable. The Contractor's programme shall take into consideration all information on co-ordination available at the time of its preparation and it shall be flexible enough to allow for subsequent changes that may become necessary. The rates tendered for the Works shall include the costs of complying with the requirements of this Clause.

在同一个地方同时进行的工作和工程操作应尽可能协调好,以便最大限度减少冲突的产生。项目经理有权对该合同项下的工作顺序进行调整,以达到最大限度的协调。承包方的项目进度表上应考虑所有准备工作的时间,协调的时间,并且应足够灵活,允许必要的顺序调整。投标时该项工作的费用应包含进成本里面。

4.1.4.1.13 Water Supplies for the Works 水源供应

The Contractor shall make his own arrangements for the supply of potable water for his staff on site and water for the Works.

承包方应自行安排为现场工作人员和工作提供充足的水源。

The Contractor must make all arrangements including the supply of pumps and motors, labour and the like to abstract water and must pay royalty to the owners. These costs shall be included in his prices.

If the Contractor fails to obtain permission to utilise existing water sources, he may have to drill boreholes near the sites at suitable locations.

这个安排包括泵和电机的供应,安排人员抽水,以及支付费用给水源所有者。这些费用都应包括在成本中。如果承包方不能向当局获得现有水源的使用权,他可以在现场附近找个合适的地方打井。

The Contractor shall obtain the Employer's or the Project Manager's prior approval before utilising any water source for the Works.

在使用水源前,承包方应向电力局或项目经理获得许可权。

4.1.4.1.14 Employer's Approval of Finished Works 电力局对最终工作的许可

The Contractor shall obtain the approval of the Project Manager for each section and each stage of construction. Approval of any section of any stage will not be given, and the Contractor shall not proceed with any subsequent stage, until all tests required by the Project Manager have been carried out, and the results have shown that the section complies with the Specification. Any works rejected by the Project Manager as not complying with the Specification shall be replaced by the Contractor at his own expense.

承包者应获得项目经理对的每个部分和每个阶段建设的批准。只有项目经理要求的所有测试都做了,并且结果表明提供的部分符合规范的要求,才能批准任何阶段的任何部分,承包方才能进行任何后续阶段。被项目经理拒绝的任何不符合规范的工程,应由承包商自费更换。

4.1.4.1.15 Preservation of Trees 树木的保留

No tree shall be removed without prior permission of the Project Manager who will limit the removal of trees to the minimum necessary to accommodate the permanent Works.

在得到项目经理批准前,不允许砍伐任何树木,项目经理会将由于永久性工程的需要砍伐的树木的数量降至最低。

4.1.4.1.16 Survey Beacons 测量标志

During the progress of the Works, the Contractor shall not remove, damage, alter or destroy in any way any permanent beacons or survey beacons. Should the Contractor consider that any survey beacon will be interfered with by the Works, he will notify the Project Manager, who, if he considers necessary, will make arrangements for the removal and replacement of the beacon.

在工程期间,承包方不能移除、损坏或破坏任何永久性的标志或测量标志。假如承包方认为调查标志会妨碍工作,他可以通知项目经理,如果项目经理认为有必要,那么可以移除或更换标志。

If the Contractor removes or disturbs a beacon without the prior permission of the Project Manager he shall be liable for the full cost of its replacement together with the full cost of re-establishing the data relevant to it.

如果承包方没有得到项目经理允许就移除或干扰标志,那么,他就有责任支付更换标志以及重建相关数据的费用。

4.1.4.1.17 Basic Survey and Setting Out 基本调查和

The Contractor will survey the sites in detail, and the exact locations shall be agreed with the Project Manager.

The details of beacons and benchmarks shall be provided in the site survey drawings.

承包方应对现场进行详细调查,确定的位置应得到项目经理的同意。标志和基准参数应在现场调查的图纸上写明。

The Works are located on the drawings and the Contractor shall appoint a suitably qualified Surveyor to set out the Works from the beacons and shall plot cross sections at 20 m intervals and submit to the Project Manager for approval.

工作布置在图纸上,承包方应指定一个合适的调查员布置好标志的工作,并且每隔20m绘制一份截面,提交给项目经理认可。

No separate payment will be made for any work in connection with the setting out of the Works, nor any other Works required by the Contractor to ensure the accurate location and construction of the Works.

布置工作有关的以及承包方要求的确保工程准确位置和建造的工作,不应单独制定费用。

4.1.4.2 EARTHWORKS 地面工作

4.1.4.2.1 Bush Clearing 灌木清理

The areas of the platform and borrow pit shall be cleared of all trees, vegetation and roots. These shall be neatly stockpiled within 3 km of the site at locations agreed with the Project Manager and shall remain the property of the land owner.

平台和借坑的位置应清除所有的树木,植被和根。经项目经理同意,这些都要整齐的堆放在现场3公里范围内,并且还是土地所有者的财产。

4.1.4.2.2 Access and Internal Roads 入口和内部的路

Where necessary access roads to the substation sites shall be constructed. Internal substation road and walk paths shall be compacted to 100% MDD after grading shall have a well done paving block finish that can withstand load weight of not less than 80mm , 49N/mm2. The road shall also be lined with kerbline and channels and shall be constructed to a fall that will allow proper drainage of the road. The road shall have adequate drainage provided.

如有必要,应该造一条通向电站现场的路。电站内部的路和小道应压实至100% MDD,表面铺好砖,能承受不少于80mm , 49N/mm2的负荷。这条路还应内衬kerbline和渠道,并应建造一个下坡,允许适当的排水。道路应具有足够的排水能力。

A-Gravel Access and Internal Roads (Gravel Wearing Course – GWC)

碎石入口和内部道路(碎石磨损过程—GWC)

A.1 General

All new access and internal roads will be gravel standard and their alignments will be designed to accommodate construction and future maintenance traffic.

所有新的入口和内部道路应是碎石铺路,设计成直线,以便容纳建筑物和将来维护的交通。

Any damage occasioned by whatsoever cause during construction shall be repaired by spot gravelling, reshaping and re-compaction at the end of contract such that the road to be handed over will be defects free.

任何施工期间发生的损害,应在合同结束时通过现场铺碎石路修补,重塑和重新压实,这样移交的道路就没有缺陷了。

A.2 Materials Requirements 材料要求

Gravel standard roads comprise of a single layer of selected granular material placed directly on the sub grade to serve as a pavement and as surface-wearing course.

The gravel for the single layer should be of adequate quality to guarantee the following:

碎石铺的路包括一个单层的颗粒状物质,直接铺在地上,作为表面磨损过程。单层颗粒状的碎石路应保证:

a) General

In general gravel wearing course materials should comply with the following:

They should have sufficient cohesion to bind the particles together and prevent the surface from raveling and becoming corrugated in the dry season.

The amount of fines and plasticity should be limited so as to avoid the occurrence of dusty and slippery conditions in dry during the dry and wet weather respectively.

碎石磨损过程材料应符合以下要求:

应有足够的粘合性将颗粒粘合在一起,避免表面磨损以及在干季时起皱。

细沙和塑性材料的数量应限制,避免干季扬尘,雨季打滑。

b) Grading Requirements:

Grading curve of the gravel should be within the class 1 envelope (initial daily number of commercial vehicles less than 150) to guarantee good stability. The grading to consider is that obtained after processing and compaction.

砂石路的分层曲线应在1级信封范围内(最初的每天商务车辆少于150辆)保证足够的稳定性。在经

c) Plasticity Requirements 塑性材料要求

Plasticity index of the gravel should not exceed 15 and shall not be less than 5 in wet areas (annual rainfall greater than 500 mm per year). In dry areas (annual rainfall less than 500 mm per year) maximum plasticity index shall be 30 but subject to a minimum of 10.

砾石的可塑性指数不应超过15,并在潮湿区域(年降雨量大于500毫米)不得小于5。在干旱地区(年降雨量小于500毫米)最大的塑性指数应为30,但至少10。

d) Bearing Strength Requirements 强度要求

A minimum CBR (after 4 days soak) of 20% at 95% MDD and OMC (Modified AASTO T180) is required

在95% MDD 和OMC时,最小20%CBR(四天浸泡)。

e) Construction Procedures 建造程序

Gravel materials are excessively coarse in their ―as dug‖ state. Appropriate processing is therefore necessary to bring them to the required gradation. This is normally done on the road by using grid, cleat or sheep‘s foot rollers.

Oversized particles which cannot be broken down to the required size shall be removed.

The minimum thickness of a compacted layer shall not be less than 125 mm.

沙砾材料在预埋阶段比较粗糙,要处理,不能弄碎的太大的颗粒要除掉,压实后的土层最小厚度不能少于125mm.

A.3 Pavement. 铺路

The single gravel layer should consist of a minimum thickness necessary to avoid excessive compressive strain in the sub grade and to compensate for the expected gravel loss under traffic during the period between re-gravelling.

Where the top 300 mm layer of the formation level embankment or natural ground sub grade has a CBR greater than 5%, the following thicknesses shall be provided:

如果路堤形成面或自然地面顶部300mm那层CBR大于5%,应提供以下这些:

●Roads within the Switch Yard not subjected to heavy commercial vehicles– The minimum compacted

thickness of 125mm.

现场内的路不能通重型车辆—最小压实厚度为125mm.

●Access roads outside the Switch Yard and roads within the Switch Yard likely to be subjected to heavy

commercial vehicles during construction and during periodic maintenance. – Provide a 250 mm thick

compacted layer.

现场外入口的路和现场内的路在建造和周期性维修期间允许重型车辆通过。250mm厚的压实层。

In addition to the above, where the in situ sub grade or the embankment material has CBR strength of less

than 5% then:

除了上述这些情况,如果路堤形成面或自然地面那层CBR小于5%,应提供以下这些

●Top 300 mm layer of the fill / embankment shall be made with selected imported material

with CBR (after 4 days soak) of between 7 and 13%.

填充/路堤顶部300mm层要用进口的材料和在7%--13%间的CBR(四天浸泡)一起制作。

●Where in situ sub grade an improved sub grade 300 mm thick of imported materials with

CBR (4 days Soak) of between 7 and 13% shall be laid.

在现场次生层,应铺一层300mm厚用进口材料和在7%--13%间的CBR(四天浸泡)一起制作的材料。

The above thickness shall extend to cover the shoulders. A cross fall of 4% shall be provided.

Compaction will be in layers not thicker than 200 mm and will achieve compacted densities of 95% MDD (Modified AASHTO T180) at compaction moisture contents of between 80% and 105% OMC.

上述厚度应延伸到路肩。4%的截面落差。

压实层厚度不大于200mm,密度95%MDD(调整的AASHTO T180),水分含量在80%到105%OMC之间。

a) Existing Bitumen Standard Access and Internal Roads

All shall be reinstated to their original standard of materials and construction.

现有的柏油标准入口和内部的路

所有应恢复原状。

b) Quality Control 质量控制

Tests shall be performed by the contractor on soils and gravels undergoing compaction under the supervision of and at frequencies determined by the Project Manager and shall include:

对土壤和压实层沙砾的试验在项目经理的监视下进行,结果也由他决定,试验包括以下这些:

Determination of the Atterberg Limits in accordance with BS 1377.

按照BS 1377对Atterberg限值的测定

Determination of particle size distribution in accordance with BS 1377.

按照BS 1377对颗粒尺寸分布的测定

Determination of dry density / moisture content relationship in accordance with BS standard compaction and

modified AASHTO T180 as appropriate.

按照BS标准,压实和修改的AASHTO T180,对干密度/水分含量关系的测定。

California Bearing ratio (CBR) in accordance with AASHTO T193.

按照AASHTO标准T193,加州承载比(CBR)

Field dry density as set out in BS 1377.

BS 1377中规定的现场干密度。

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The top soil within the areas of platform and shall be stripped to an approximate depth of 200 mm and stockpiled at locations agreed with the Project Manager for later use on embankment slopes.

平台顶层土壤要剥除至大约200mm深度,并堆放到项目经理同意的地方,以便日后路堤斜坡的需要。

Overburden in the borrow pit shall also be stripped to a depth specified by the Project Manager and stockpiled for later use in rehabilitation.

借的坑的过多的土也要剥除至项目经理规定的深度,并堆放,便于日后复原用。

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Materials excavated and either placed in the Works for the formation of the platform or carted to spoil will be paid for in the following three classes of material:

挖掘的材料按以下三种等级付款:

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“岩石”:5吨以上用挖掘机的,挖掘机主机功率>135KW, 最小裸露拖拉机重达15吨。单个石头体积大于0.2m3的不爆破不能移动的也算在这个等级。

"Hard Material" "Hard Material" or "Decomposed Rock" shall include all material such as consolidated gravels, decomposed or stratified rock, stones or boulders less than 0.2 m3 in volume which cannot be classified as "Rock" but which in the opinion of the Project Manager requires additional processing, such as ripping or breaking down by compressor tools before normal loading processes may be employed. For the purpose of this clause normal loading processes will include the use of graders or dozers to stockpile material.

硬材料:体积小于0.2 m3的,不能归入岩石的,但也需要另外处理的砂石等。"Common""Common Material" shall be all material not defined as Rock or Hard Rock.

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普通材料:既不算岩石,也不算硬材料的材料。

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段--Tuan 端木--Duan-mu 东郭--Tung-kuo 东方--Tung-fang E: F: 范/樊--Fan/Van 房/方--Fang 费--Fei 冯/凤/封--Fung/Fong 符/傅--Fu/Foo G: 盖--Kai 甘--Kan 高/郜--Gao/Kao 葛--Keh 耿--Keng 弓/宫/龚/恭--Kung 勾--Kou 古/谷/顾--Ku/Koo 桂--Kwei 管/关--Kuan/Kwan 郭/国--Kwok/Kuo 公孙--Kung-sun 公羊--Kung-yang 公冶--Kung-yeh 谷梁--Ku-liang H: 海--Hay 韩--Hon/Han 杭--Hang 郝--Hoa/Howe 何/贺--Ho 桓--Won 侯--Hou 洪--Hung 胡/扈--Hu/Hoo 花/华--Hua 宦--Huan 黄--Wong/Hwang

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3dMAX命令翻译

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中文名字翻译成英文

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么 Simon Huang, Sean Huang, Shane Huang.(或者Wong- 对于英国人来说粤语拼音更熟悉)按照名字的意义来翻译不错,不过有的名字不 好翻译,尤其是男人的名字,为什么?因为在英国像‘阳/晓/春/月/ 夏/天’等词更多是用在女孩子的名字,男人用得少。之外觉得我得提 醒大家千万不要直接翻译,千万不要直接翻译,千万不要直接翻译而 且千万不要自己乱起, Sun, Star, Red, Spring, King, Morning,Moon, Green 等词不能够做名字的,几乎所有名词/形容词不能够当 作名字的,需要查‘Name Dictionary' 才能找出名字来。比如晓明:与日出/日光相关,搜一下于相关的名字,名字的意思和来源即可。 中文翻译英文起名注意事项 问题1:所起英文名太常见 第一种问题是起的英文名太常见,如:Henry, Jane, John, Mary. 这就像外国人起名叫赵志伟、王小刚、陈*一样,给人牵强附会的感觉。虽然起名字并无一定之规,但给人的感觉很重要。 问题2:不懂文化差异而犯忌 此外,因为文化差异,有些名字引申义不雅,如:Cat, Kitty,在英 语俚语中,它们指的是女性的阴部。Cat 宜改为Cathy,Kitty 宜改为Kate。 问题3:改名又改姓 一般来说,非英语国家的人到了美国,都可能改名,但没有改姓的。 这关系到家族荣誉,将来还会关系到遗传基因。所以,无论自己的姓 多么难读,都要坚持。常见有人起英文名时连姓也改了,如司徒健Ken Stone,肖燕Yan Shaw。下列英文姓尚可接受,但也不用,如:Young 杨,Lee李。 问题4:英文名与姓谐音

翻译资格怎么练好口译翻译

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