高中英语讲义 短文改错专题复习教案 新人教版

[复习讲义]

短文改错专题

NMET短文改错的解题基本思路应该是：一．以句为单位，找行中错误，每行必有一个判断（错词、多词、少词和正确），而判断的依据一定是上下文，最小单位是一个完整的句子。二．以篇为单位，找句中错误。许多时候，就某一行或某一句单独而言常常难以判断其是否正确，错误何在，而必须以全篇为一整体才可对该句，进而对该行作出判断。

具体解题过程中，应该注意把握九个一致问题：

一．时态一致短文中谓语动词的时态与上下文，特定语言环境及该句的时间状语是否保持了呼应与一致。

例1． My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team.

(NMET’98)全文都是一般现在时，此句中was 虽然与上下问不一致，应改为am。

例2．I remembered her words and calm down.( NMET’ 2000)

此处为一描述过去事件的语境，应与前文remembered 保持一致，须改为calmed。

例3． Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (NMET’

93)第一个is 与时间状语today保持一致，地第二个is则应改为was, 使之与其时间状

语in the past 一致。

二．主谓一致谓语动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持一致。

例4．Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.

(NMET’2000)主语为A and B时，谓语动词一般为复数，应改为are。

例5．The new boy or girl in school quickly become one of the class after a few games.(NMET’93)主语为A or B时，应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓语的单复数，become应改为becomes .

例6．Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong…(NMET’98)此处与例4，例5不同，谓语动词makes与上下文保持一致，为正确的用法，而play须改Playing 才可与此处其它部分一致。

三．平行一致

not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…以及and, but, or 等并列连词或词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。在平行结构中，词性时态等形式须保持前后一致。

例7．Playing football not only makes… but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.( NMET’98)依据平行一致原则，此处give应与前文makes保持一致，改为

gives.

例8．It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. (NMET’96) 此句中的drove应与前文to meet 保持平行，故改为drive。

四．数的一致名词的数须与其修饰语保持一致

例9．We study quite a few subject, such as maths,

Chinese…(NMET’97) quite a f ew只修饰复数名词，保持一致,subject 应改为subjects.

例10．They … asked me lots of question.(NMET’96)与lots of 保持一致的只能是复数名词，应改为questions.

五．主饰一致句中的主要词（中心词）应与其修饰词间保持一致。

除了例9，例10外，还有

例11．…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(NMET2001)

all 若修饰可数名词时，其后名词应为复数。subject该为subjects。

例12．She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me

success.(NMET2000) all修饰的主语部分应是三者以上，故schoolmate 应为schoolmates.

例13．Unfortunate, there are too many people…(NMET’99)

Unfortunate应作状语，修饰整个句子，此时应为副词unfortunately 才可保持一致。

例14．I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.(NMET’95) 修饰名词，应为a wonderful time.

六．指代一致用于指代的各类代词应在数、格、性上与上下文保持一致。

例15．The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.

(NEMT’96) The Smiths 为一复数概念，故指代词也应为第三人称复数 their.

例16．I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (NMET’97)

此处应为作主语的关系代词which.

例17．And I can’t forget the food you cooked for I. (NMET’95)

此处I 应作介词的宾语，故改为me 才可保持一致。

七．语态一致句中谓语动词或非谓语动词应与上下文语态保持一致。

例18．Books may be keep for four weeks. (NEMT’94)

与其主语Books相对应，此处应为被动语态，故keep应改为kept。

八．搭配一致句中的固定搭配应保持完整并与上下文一致。

例19．I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. (NMET’2000) 后

跟从句，保持一致须用so…that结构这一固定搭配。as改为that.

例20．I look forward to hear from you soon. (NMET’97)

look forward to 中to 是介词，其后应为动名词hearing。

例21．But it d idn’t matter that I would win or not. (NMET’2000)

与其后or not 保持一致时应用whether。

例22．I have neither brothers nor sisters---in any other words, I am an only child.(NMET2001)

in any other words意为“换言之”，应为in other words。

九．逻辑一致

这是一种隐蔽性较强且年年必考的错误，检查时应通篇考虑，重点在连词、代词，肯定与否定，及相对应的动词如 come 与go 等。

例23．She was smiling but nodding at me.(NMET’2000)

上下文看，应为She---my English teacher微笑且点头鼓励我，but 应为and。

例24．Now someone at home reads instead. (NMET’99)

从上文可知，因为无电视可看，人人都只好读书，someone 改为everyone或everybody.

例25．And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.(NMET’98)通读全文，都是用第一人称，这时突然用到they,显然不一致，应改为we.

[实战演练一]

⑴Most families in China hoped their single children will 76．_______

have a happy future, so they are very strict in their children. 77．_______

So do teachers in schools! Many children are given so much 78．_______

homework that they have hardly any spare time have sports. 79．_______ The children are forbidden to do anything but to study. No 80．_______

wonder so many children are tired of lessons. Some even 81．_______

attack or kill his parents and teachers! I believe many people 82．_______

already read this kind of news in newspapers or magazines. 83．_______ Shouldn’t we draw lesson from the accidents? Now our 84．_______ government is making out a plan to solve the education problems .85．_______

⑵Nowadays, almost every family has TV set, and almost 76．_______

everyone likes watching TV. TV has become part of our lives. 77．_______

TV has many advantages, for example, it informs us the 78．_______ latest news which is happening in the world; it can open our 79．_______

eyes, enlarge our knowledge and also help us to see more 80．_______ about the worlD． But, it also has some disadvantages. People 81．______ waste too much time in watching TV and his normal life 82．_______ and work are affecteD． To the children who they spend too 83．_______

much time in watching TV, it can do harmful to their sight 84．_______

and healthy. So we should control the time of watching TV. 85．_______

⑶ A few months after returning the US from Germany, I took 76._______

part in a college course in French. Since I have learned 77._______

to say German well in Germany, I thought it might be 78.______ interested to begin studying another language. At the 79._______

first class, the teacher asked us to do a pronunciation 80._______

exercise in it he would say a word or two in French, and 81._______

each student would do their best to copy. When he got to 82._______

me, he kept having me to say more words, and I 83.______

finally asked him why. “I find it great fun,” she explained 84._______

it. “In 25 years of teaching at school, it’s the first time 85._______

I’ve heard an American speak French with a German accent.”

⑷The Huaihe River has been serious polluted. Day and nigh76._______ millions of tons of waste water is being poured down to from 77._______

hundreds of factories. The waste water is harmful. At present 78._______

there is no fish in it. The river water cannot be drunk. People in 79._______

either bank have to dig wells to take drinking water. The Huaihe 80. _______

River is such dirty and poisonous that people don’t dare swim 81._______ in it. Something must be done to stopping the pollution. The 82._______

government and the people near the river must try to clear water 83._______

as soon as possible. Now special attention has paid to the 84._______

pollution by the government and more scientists. The pollution 85._______

will be prevented in the near future.

⑸ Dear Abby,

How are you? Today I’ve got a wonderful news to tell you. 76._______

I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my 77._______

further education. One hundred and twenty students took exam 78._______

for it, but only a few was chosen and I was one of them. However, 79._______

my parents are not happy about it. They are strong against me 80._______

going there. They say it is too far away that they will not see me 81._______

for a whole year and they are afraid of I will feel lonely. They 82._______

can’t imagine a girl so young live alone. They advise me to study 83._______

in the capital instead. Then I’ll be able to continue living with 84._______

them. How can I persuade them to accept the fact I have grown up? 85._______ Best wishes,

Jane

⑹ A person’s age no longer tells you something about 76. ________

his social position, marriage or healthy. There’s no longer, 77. ________

a particular year which one goes to school or goes to 78. ________

work or gets married or start a family. The social clock 79. ________

that kept us on time and told us when go to school, get 80. ________

a job, or stop working isn’t as strong as it was used to be. 81. ________

It doesn’t surprise us to hear a 28-year-old university 82. ________ president or a 35-year-old grandmother, or 70-year-old 83. ________

man who has become a father for the first time. What we 84. ________

all know, public’s ideas are changing nowadays. 85. ________

⑺ It is difficult for parents to teach your children to be responsible 76.________

(有责任的) for housework, but with one of the followed suggestions, 77.________

you really can get your children help you at home. If you give your 78.________ children the impression which they can never do anything quite right, 79.________

then they will regard themselves unfit or unable persons. Unless they 80.________

believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independence. 81.________

Don’t always scold and give lots of praise instead. Talk about 82.________

what they’ve done right, but about what they haven’t done. If your 83.________ children complete a difficult task, reward (酬劳) him with a Sunday 84.________

trip or a ball game of Dad. 85.________

⑻ Before I went to senior middle school, some peoples told 76._______ me. “A life of senior middle school is unforgettable.” 77._______ While I first entered my senior middle school, everything 78._______ seemed unpleasant. Face all the strange things around me, 79._______ I often miss my old friends and classmates. I didn’t want 80._______ to talk others or make friends with others. Little by little, my 81._______ school record went from bad to worse, especially my 82._______ maths. I couldn’t even pass the exam. I lost the heart and 83._______ missed the happy times all day long. I told me, “I don’t 84._______ belong to it. I don’t like the life here.” 85._______

⑼ Tom and Dick are next door neighbour who work 76.________ in the same office so they walked together to and from 77.________ office. Some day as they were walking home together it 78.________ sudden started to rain. Tom quickly opened his umbrella 79.________ and said, “My wife surely has foresight (预见) . She said 80.________ on this morning it would rain and told me to carry my 81.________ umbrella with me.” Dick smiled and walked to him, said, 82.________ “My wife has even great foresight. She told me not to 83.________ carry an umbrella and as she knew you would certainly 84.________ have with you.” 85.________

⑽ Dear Sir or Madam,

I see your advertisement in a student magazine and 76. ______ I’m interesting to know more about your diving courses. 77. ______ First of all, I should explain that although I can swim I’m 78. ______ not very confident in the water. But you mentioned your 79. ______ advertisement that your instructors are full qualified(称职), 80. ______ so I believe they’ll able to teach someone like me to dive. 81. ______ I have one week’s holiday in the three week of June 82. ______ and would like to know that if there’s a course running at 83. ______ that time. How much does a week’s course worth? Finally, 84. ______ if I decide to go ahead, are there any special equipment I 85. ______ need to buy or is everything provided by your company?

I look forward to hearing from you.

Sincerely yours,

Tom

⑾ Dear Xiaohua,

It is four days since Mother accepted the operation. 76._______

She is feeling much more better. The doctors told me 77._______

the operation was successful, but because her old age 78._______

she had to stay in hospital for other two weeks. The 79._______

doctors also say it was quite necessary for her to 80._______

do so. We expect to get a full report in two and three 81._______

days. Please tell the good news to the rest of family 82._______

as soon as possible. You needn’t to come here. I’m 83. _______

able to look after Mother by myself. You’d better 84. _______

send flowers to Mother. She will feel happily. 85. _______

Yours,

Xiaohui

⑿ Football is most popular game in England: one has only 76._______

to go to one of the important match to see this. Rich and 77._______ poor, young and old, one can see them all there, shout and 78._______ cheering for one side or the other. One of the surprised 79._______ things about football in England to a stranger is the great 80._______ knowledge of the game which still the smallest boy seems 81._______

to have it. He can tell you the names of the players in most 82._______

of the important team, he has photographs of them and 83._______ know the results of large numbers of matches. He will tell 84. _______

you his opinion which is usual as valuable as that of the adults. 85._______

⒀ Climbing is my favourite sport. I am very food it, 76. _______ especially in later autumn. One day early in the morning, 77. _______ my friends and I put on our sports shoes and start off. 78. _______ After climbing for half an hour, we got at the top of 79. _______ the mountain. There we had a good view miles around. In 80. _______ the north, a big river crossed the city. There were many 81. _______ ships sail busily. A lot of beautiful trees were there, too. 82. _______ The sun started to go down, for it was time for us 83. _______

to go back. On the road back, we were laughing and 84. _______ talking all the time. We had a good time on that day. 85. _______

⒁ Before lunch Allen happened to see a man fished in 76.______

a ditch about five metre outside a bar. Allen stopped 77.______ regarded him like a foolish man. Allen’s heart went out 79.______

of him. He said kindly to fish-catcher, “Hello, will 80.______

you please do me a favor and have a drink with me 81.______

in the bar?” The man gladly received his invitation. 82.______

After buying the man several cups soft-drinks, 83.______ Allen asked, “You are fishing there, right? May I 84.______ know how much fish you have caught this morning?” 85.______ “You are the number 8,” said the man humorously.

⒂ What should you do when your parents become angry? If 76.________

your parents got mad, try to have a conversation with them 77.________ about it. Remembering not to shout at them. They usually 78.________ will try to change, but they will take some time because 79._________ they get angry all their life, and that is all they know. You 80._________ might have to change for your method a couple of times. 81._________ Do any nice things for your parents that they don’t expect 82._________ —`like cooking, doing the dishes, washing clothes, or clean 83._________ the floors. If this doesn’t work, bring in friend that you 84._________ feel comfortable, and have him or her help you. 85._________

⒃ In Feb. 2nd 1979, China’s Vice-premier 76．_______

Deng Xiaoping was at a visit to the U.S. 77．_______

He was in the space flight center near to Houston 78．_______

Texas. Sat in the pilot’s seat of a model of 79．_______

a space shuttle（航天飞机）,he was

asked to touch a button 80．_______

to make it landing on the earth from 81．_______

a height of 95,000 feet, that he did. From 82．_______

windows of the craft, he could see the earth 83．_______

coming up to meet him as a returned space pilot 84．_______

would see it. Millions of people in both China and

the US watch this on TV with delight. 85．_______

[实战演练二]

A

We’ll never forget a day when my classmates and 1. ____

I paid a visit a chemistry factory. It 2. ____

was a large one with nearly 20, 000 workers. It looks 3. ____

like a garden and we saw colorful flowers, grass and trees 4. ____ there. We also visited some workshop and found workers 5. ____ working hard. We talked to them and learned a lot of. We 6. ____ understood them further. On the way home we felt very tiring, 7. ____

but we both thought we had a very good day. 8. ____

We really hoped what we could get more chances 9. ____

of leaving the school and learn about society. 10. ____

B

The children next door often play the football in 1. ____

the garden after my house and sometimes break my 2. ____ windows. Last Saturday afternoon I stay at home and 3. ____

read a book. After a while, I closed my eyes and went 4. ____

to sleep. A loud knock on the door made me to wake 5. ____

up suddenly. Soon a little boy turned out. “You haven’t 6. ____ broken one of my window again?” I asked. “Oh, no!” 7. ____ answered the boy. “Your windows were all opened this 8. ____

time and our football is in your bedroom. Could you 9. ____

mind getting in to get our ball?” I was at a loss at the 10. ____ moment.

C

I ever worked as a tour guide. One day I saw advertisement 1. ____

on the newspaper. I rang up the company, and 2. ____

I was given the job immediate. They asked me to take 3. ____

a tour around the city the next morning. The manager 4. ____

just told me to say anything that I could think about the 5. ____ city. My first tour is terrible. The old bus was not 6. ____

air-conditioned, because it was the middle of summer. It 7. ____ was uncomfortable inside the bus. The tourist soon became 8. ____ very hot and angry. I owned a very hard time. I stayed there 9. ____

for a few weeks,and then left and joined in a better 10. ____ company.

D

Sue and Ann often meet at a cheaper restaurant to eat 1. ____

and talking about life and school after their morning 2. ____ class. Sometimes, instead of talking ,they play a 3. ____ game that they call it “people watching”. They start the 4. ____ game in observing and listening to people around 5. ____ them carefully and make guesses about their lives as 6. ____ ages, jobs, likes, dislikes and so on. Of course, 7. ____ they never really knew whether they are right or wrong. 8. ____ Therefore they usually have good reasons for thinking 9. ____

that what they are. “The game is fun,” they often say. 10. ____

E

At a party, it is quite normal of someone to have 1. ____

a short conversation with you and then go on to talking 2. ____

to other people! Don’t think they dislike you or they 3. ____

are impolite. It has the custom at many parties 4. ____

in Britain, particularly there people are standing up rather 5. ____ than sitting down. Here are two ways of finishing conversation 6. ____

at a party. “Excuse me. I think I’ll go and get another drinking.7. ____ See you later, perhaps?”“Oh. Excuse me. I’ve just seen 8. ____ Mary Jennings over here. I’ve got to discuss a meeting we 9. ____

are been having on Thursday. Would you excuse me for a moment?”” 10. ____ F

I felt sadly yesterday when our teacher told us something 1. ____ about Project Hope in class. It has set up to help the 2. ____ children in the countryside who can’t pay to go to 3. ____ school. After school I came home. I was wondering if I 4. ____ could do something for the Project then I caught sight 5. ____

of money-collecting box on the table. Then I made 6. ____

up my minds to send my pocket money which I 7. ____

had saved for nearly one year for the children who 8. ____ wanted to go to school. I wrote a letter to them and 9. ____ hurried to the post office. Together with the letter I

posted the money and sent with my best wishes to them. 10. ____

G

Last night when Steven and I was having a walk in the 1. ____ Street, we suddenly heard a painful cry for help under 2. ____

a tree nearby. We quickly ran to the tree and found a boy laying 3. ____ on the ground with a stick in his leg. He had fallen of the tree. 4. ____ Steven suggested we pulled the stick out at once, but I disagreed, 5. ____ Because I had learned little about first aid at school. The stick 6. ____ in the leg would help controlling the bleeding. As there was 7 . ____

no telephone,we managed to find a taxi. We took the boy to the 8. ____ hospital. The doctors examined the boy fast and we got to 9. ____ know where the boy lived. So we telephoned his parents

and left after he came to the hospital. We did a good deed. 10. ____

H

Last summer I learnt to ride a bicycle. At first?,I was 1. ____ unable to control its direction. Sometimes I fall to 2. ____ the right or to the left. But I worried my father to tell me 3. ____ how I could ride straightly. He didn’t answer me 4. ____ directly. Instead,he took me to side of the street. 5. ____ “Can you find some bike track that is really straight?” 6. ____ asked my father. I watched more carefully and shook my 7. ____ head .“No?” he said, “in factneither of the tracks is 8. ____ always straight. But just by correct the direction 9. ____ every now and then, you had already gone forward.” 10. ____

I

Boys and girls,

Attention, please. I’ve got a good news for you. A new book 1. ____ How to Improve Your English is now on sell in the 2. ____ nearby bookstore. Xinhua Bookstore. I think the book 3. ____

is a great help on our English study and suitable for 4. ____

us middle school students. Here I’ve got it. You may 5 . ____ go to have a look to see whether you like it or not. The price 6. ____

is five yuan every. Those who want to buy the 7. ____ book should get your money ready for. By eleven o’clock 8. ____ tomorrow morning the money should be give either 9. ____

to me nor to our League Secretary. We’ll go to buy the 10. ____ books tomorrow afternoon.

短文改错专题之答案

1. 76. hoped→hope 77. in→with 78. do→are 79. have前加to 80.

去掉第二个to 81. √ 82. his→their 83. already前加have 84. lesson前加a

85. making→carrying

2. 76. has后加a 77. lives→life 78. us后加of 79. which→that

80. √ 81. But→However 82. his→their 83. 去掉they

84. harmful→harm 85. healthy→health

3. 76. returning后加to 77. have→had 78. say→speak 79.interested→interesting

80. √ 81. it→which 82. their→his 83. 去掉to

84. she→he 85. 去掉it

4. 76. serious→seriously 77. to→into 78. √ 79. in→on

80. take→get 81. such→so 82. stopping→stop 83. water前加the

84. paid前加been 85. 去掉more

5. 7

6. 去掉a 7

7. have后加been 7

8. exam→exams 7

9. was→were

80. strong→strongly 81. too→so 82. 去掉of 83. live→living

84. √ 85. fact后加that

6. 76. something→anything 7

7. healthy→health 7

8. which→when或which前加in

79. start→starts 80. when后加to 81. 去掉was 82. √

83. 70-year-old前加a 84. What→As 85. public’s→public

7. 76.your→their 77.followed→following

78.children后加to 79.which→that

80.themselves后加as 81.independence→independent 82.√

83.but后加not 84.him→them 85.of→with

8. 76. peoples→people 77. A→The 78. While→When 79. Face→Facing

80. miss→missed 81. talk后加to或with 82. record→records 83.

去掉第二个the84. me→myself 85. √

9. 76. neighbour→neighbours 77. walked→walk 78. Some→One 79.

sudden→suddenly 80. √ 81. 去掉on 82. said→saying 83. great→greater

84. 去掉and 85. have后加one

10. 76. see→ saw 77. interesting→ interested 78. √ 79. your前加 in

80. full→ fully 81. able前加 be 82. three→ third 83. 去掉that

84. worth→ cost 85. are→ is

11. 76. accepted→received 77. 去掉more 78. because后加of 79. other→another

80. say→said 81. and→or 82. family前加the 83. 去掉to

84. √ 85. happily→happy

12. 76.is后加the 77.match→matches 78. shout→shouting

79.surprised→surprising 80. √ 81.still→even 82. 去掉it 83.team→teams

84. know→knows https://www.360docs.net/doc/775020932.html,ual→usually

13. 76. fond后加 of 77. later→late 78. start→started 79. at→to

80. In→To 81. √ 82. sail→sailing 83. for→so/and 84. road→way 85. 去掉 on

14. 76. fished→fishing 77. metre→metres 78. 去掉over. 79. like→as 80. to后加

the 81. √ 82. received→accepted 83. cups后加of 84. are→were 85. much→many

15. 76. √ 77. got→get 78. Remembering→Remember 79. they→it 80. life→lives

8l. 去掉for 82. any→some 83. clean→cleaning 84. friend前加a 85. comfortable

后加with

16. 76.On 77.on 78.去掉to 79。Sitting/Seated 80. ∨ 81. land

82. which 83. the 84. returning 85. watched

A 1. a→the 2. visit后加to 3. was→is 4. √5. workshop→workshops 6. 去掉of

7. tiring→tired 8. both→all 9. 去掉what或what→that 10. learn→learning

B 1. 去掉the 2. after→behind 3. stay→stayed 4.√ 5. 去掉第二个to 6. out→up

7. window→windows 8. opened→open 9. Could→Would 10. getting前加me或my

C 1. saw后加an 2. on→in 3. immediate→immediately 4.√ 5. think后加of

6. is→was

7. because→and

8. tourist→tourists

9. owned→had 10. 去掉in

D 1. cheaper→cheap 2. talking→talk 3. class→classes 4. 去掉it 5. in→by

6. as前加such

7. √

8. knew→know

9. Therefore→But 10. 去掉that

E 1. of→for 2. talking→talk3. or后加that 4. has→is 5. there→where 6. finishing

后加a 7. drinking→drink 8.√9. here→there 10. 去掉been

F 1. sadly→sad 2. has后加been 3. pay→afford 4. √ 5. then→when 6. of后加my或the

7. minds→mind 8. 第二个for→to 9. wanted→want 10.去掉with

G 1. was→were 2. help后加from 3. laying→lying 4. of→off 5. pulled→pull 6. little

前加a7. controlling→control 8. √9. fast→quickly 10. he→they

H 1. √ 2. fall→fell 3. But→So 4. straightly→straight 5. side前加the 6. some

→any 7.去掉more 8. neither→none 9. correct →correcting 10. had→have

I 1. 去掉第一个a 2. sell→sale 3. √ 4. on→for 5. it→one 6. go→come 7.

every→each8. 去掉for 9. give→given 10. nor →or