下半年教师资格证考试高中英语真题及答案

2015年下半年中小学教师资格考试英语学科知识与教学能力试题（高级中学）

1.考试时间120分钟，满分150分。

2.请按规定在答题卡上填涂、作答，在试卷上作答无效，不予评分。

一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分）

在每小题列出的四个备选选项中选择一个最佳答案，请用2B结笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案字母按要求涂黑，错选、多选或未选均无分。

1. In English, the aspirated [p h] and the unaspirated [p] are ____ .

A. minimal pairs

B. in phonemic contrast

C. two distinctive phonemes

D. in complementary distribution

2. /s/ and/θ/ can be distinguished by_____.

A. manner of articulation

B. place of articulation

C. vibration of the vocal cords

D. aspiration of articulation

3. You' II find this Travel Guide to be of great ___ in helping you and your children to get around Malaysia.

A. cost

B. price

C. value

D. expenditure

4. When the train_____, all the school students were surprised to see that the Carlisle team had one man only.

A. pulled down

B. pulled on

C.

pulled of D. pulled in

5. Which of the following words contains an inflectional morpheme

A. Disappear.

B. Blacken.

C. Oxen.

D. Anti-pollution.

6. Reading is to the mind____ food is to the body.

A. that

B. which

C. as

D. what

7. He had no time and energy to play with his children or shop with his wife, but he __ home

a regular salary.

A. did bring

B. does bring

C. did get

D. does get

8. In fact, they would rather have left for London_____ in Birmingham.

A. to stay

B. in order to stay

C. than have stayed

D. instead of having stayed

9.____ makes it possible for language users to overcome the limitations of time and space in communication.

A. Arbitrariness

B. Duality

C. Productivity

D. Displacement

10. The sense relation of the following pair of sentences is that_____.

X: Mary's pet cat was stolen.

Y: Marry has a pet cat.

A. X entails Y

B. X presupposes Y

C. X is inconsistent with Y

D. X is synonymous with Y

11. Which of the following statements about a lesson plan is inappropriate

A. It is a teaching guide.

B. It is a blueprint to be strictly followed.

C. It takes into account syllabus and students.

D. It describes in advance what and how to teach.

12. Skill- integrated activities allow teachers to build in more ____ into a lesson, for the range of activities will be wider.

A. certainty

B. simplicity

C. variety

D. accuracy

13. A language proficiency test that only consists of multiple-choice questions lacks_____.

A. construct validity

B. content validity

C. test reliability

D. score reliability

14. When a teacher asks students to rearrange a set of sentences into a logical paragraph，he/she is trying to draw their attention to____.

A. grammar

B. vocabulary

C. sentence patterns

D. textual coherence

15. Which of the following activities would help students develop the skill of extracting specific information

A. Inferring meaning from the context.

B. Recognizing the author's beliefs and attitudes.

C. Using information in the reading passage to make hypotheses.

D. Listening to the flight information to see if the plane is on time.

16. Which of the following activities can be used to check students' understanding of difficult sentences in the text

A. Paraphrasing.

B. Blank-filling.

C. Story-telling.

D. Summarizing.

17. When a teacher organizes group work, which of the following might be of the least concern

A. Increasing peer interaction.

B. Increasing individual practice.

C. Developing language accuracy.

D. Providing variety and dynamics.

18. If a teacher asks students to collect, compare and analyze certain sentence patterns, he/she aims at developing students'

_____.

A. discourse awareness

B. cultural awareness

C. strategic competence

D. linguistic competence

19. When a teacher says to the whole class，"Stand up and act out the dialogue"，he/she is playing the role of a(n)___.

A. monitor

B. organizer

C. assessor

D. prompter

20. Which of the following may better check students' ability of using a grammatical structure

A. Having them work out the rule.

B. Having them give some examples.

C. Having them explain the meaning.

D. Having them explain the structure.

请阅读Passage1，完成第21-25题.

Passage 1

When asked by Conan if his daughters had smart phones，comedian Louis CK explained that he had successfully fended them off by simply replying. "No, you can't have it. It is bad for you."

He instantly became my hero as I was mired in difficult negotiations with my ten-year-old daughter over one. And frankly， she was winning. Was it possible to say no to my daughter,

as CK suggested I hadn' t even known I was allowed to, if the guinea pigs, the dogs, and things for her doll Molly were any indication. CK rationalized，"I am not raising the children. l' m raising the grown-ups that they are going to be. So just because the other stupid kids have phones doesn't mean that my kid has to be stupid. " Now I knew I didn’t want my kid to grow up stupid like her friends. I needed to explain this to her. This is what CK told Conan and me.

Cell phones are "toxic，especially for kids." he said，because they don' t help them learn empathy，one of the nicer human emotions. When we text，we don’t see or hear a visceral reaction .The response we get is cold and hard text-message. "Why are kids mean" He asked. "Because they're trying it out. They look at another kid and say，'You' re fat'. Then they see the kid's face scrunch up and think that doesn't feel good.” Texting "you're fat" allows you to bypass the pain.

CK went on to explain that smart phones rob us of our ability to be alone. Kids use smart phones to occupy their time: Must text! Must play game! Must look up more tiny socks online for Molly! CK asked, what happened to zoning out After all，one of the joys of being human is allowing our minds to wander with cell phones，kids are always preoccupied. They never daydream，except in class. And here's something else we're missing: our right to be miserable. This was a right I hadn't realized I desired until CK pointed out that it's another of the essential human emotions.

CK gave the example of driving by yourself and suddenly realizing that you're alone. Not "Oh, guess I can' t use the lane" alone. Dark, brooding sadness causes so many drivers to grab smart phone and reach out to another living soul.

"Everybody's murdering each other with their cars" as they text because they dread being alone. Too bad -they're missing out on a life-affirming experience.

"I was in my car one time，and Bruce Springsteen's 'Jungleland' came on. He sounds so far away. It made me really sad. And I think, l've got to get the phone and write hi to 50 people.

I was reaching for the phone，and I thought，don't! Just be sad."

So CK pulled over and allowed himself to sob like a little girl denied a nice thing for her American Girl doll. "It was beautiful. Sadness is poetic. You're lucky to live sad moments," he said. Because he didn't fight and allowed himself to be sadness I was grateful to feel sad, and then I met it with true profound happiness. The thing is, because we don't want that first bit of sad， we push it away with that little phone. So you never feel completely sad or completely happy. You just feel kind of satisfied. And then you die. That's why I don't want to get phones for my kids".

And I suppose I don't either.

21. Why did the author regard CK as her hero

A. CK was a good father and a very brave comedian in her eyes.

B. CK didn't agree to buy smart phones for his young daughters.

C. She was very impressed by his solution to the smart phone problem.

D. She was encouraged by him not to make any compromises to her daughter.

22. What does the underlined word "one" in PARAGRAPH TWO refer to

A. A dog.

B. A doll.

C. A guinea pig.

D. A smart phone.

23. Why did CK refuse to buy his kids cell phones

A. He didn't like cell phones at all and thought they were poisonous, especially, for kids.

B. He believed that cell phones were ruining kids' abilities to experience their own lives.

C. He worried that his kids would play their phones in class and be absent-minded.

D. He was a different kind of father who would like to raise his kids in a different way.

24. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase "zoning out" in PARAGRAPH FOUR

A. Losing concentration.

B. Being alone.

C. Buying things on line.

D. Playing games.

25. Which of the following is true according to the article

A. Text messages have allowed children to learn and feel empathy.

B. Cell phones have made children's life at school colorful and exciting.

C. Experiencing loneliness or sadness is as beneficial as enjoying happiness.

D. Cell phones may offer people the quickest way to find someone to talk to.

请阅读Passage2，完成第26-30题.

Passage 2

Until a decade or two ago，the center of many Western cities were emptying while their edges were spreading. This was not for the reasons normally cited. Neither the car nor the motorway caused suburban sprawl, although they spend it up: cities were spreading before either came along. Nor was the flight to the suburbs caused by racism. Whites fled inner-city neighborhoods that were becoming black, but they also fled ones that were not. Planning and zoning rules encouraged sprawl, as did tax breaks for home ownership - but cities spread regardless of these. The real cause was mass affluence. As people grew richer，they demanded more privacy and space. Only a few could afford that in city centers; the rest moved out.

The same process is now occurring in the developing world，but much more quickly. The population density of metropolitan Beijing has collapsed since 1970，falling from 425 people per hectare to 65. Indian cities are following; Brazil's are ahead. And suburbanization has a long way to run. Beijing is now about as crowded as metropolitan Chicago was at its most closely packed，

in the 1920s. Since then Chicago's density has fallen by almost three-quarters.

This is welcome. Romantic notions of sociable，high-density living -notions pushed，for the most part，by people who themselves occupy rather spacious residences- ignore the squalor and lack of privacy to be found in Kinshasa, Mumbai or the other crowded cities of the poor world. Many of them are far too dense for dignified living, and need to spread out.

The Western suburbs to which so many aspire are healthier than their detractors say. The modern Stepfords are no longer white monocultures，but that is progress. For every Ferguson there are many American suburbs that have quietly become black，Hispanic or Asian，or a blend of everyone. Picaresque accounts of decay overlook the fact that America's suburbs are half as criminal and a little more than half as poor as central cities. Even as urban centres revive，more Americans move from city centre to suburb than go the other way.

But the West has also made mistakes，from which the rest of the world can learn. The first lesson is that suburban sprawl imposes costs on everyone. Suburbanites tend to use more roads and consume more carbon than urbanites (though perhaps not as much as distant commuters forced out by green belts). But this damage can be alleviated by a carbon tax，by toll roads and by charging for parking. Many cities in the emerging world have followed the barmy American practice of requiring property developers to provide a certain number of parking spaces for every building - something that makes commuting by car much more attractive than it would be otherwise. Scrapping them would give public transport a chance.

The second is that it is foolish to try to stop the spread of suburbs. Green belts, the most effective method for doing this， push up property prices and encourage long-distance commuting. The cost of housing in London, already astronomical， went up by 19% in the past year，reflecting not just the city' s strong economy but also the impossibility of building on its edges. The insistence on big minimum lot sizes in some American suburbs and rural areas has much the same effect. Cities that try to prevent growth through green belts often end up weakening themselves, as Seoul has done.

A wiser policy would be to plan for huge expansion. Acquire strips of land for roads and railways, and chunks for parks， before the city sprawls into them. New York's 19th-century governors decided where Central Park was going to go long before the city reached it. New York went on to develop in a way that they could not have imagined, but the park is still there. This is not the dirigisme of the new-town planner-that confident soul who believes he knows where people will want to live and work， and how they will get from one to the other. It is the realism needed to manage the inevitable. A model of living that has broadly worked well in the West is spreading, adapting to local conditions as it goes. We should all look

forward to the time when Chinese and Indian teenagers write sulky songs about the appalling dullness of suburbia.

26. For which of the following reasons did the west move out of cities

A. They did not need to pay higher taxes when living in suburbs.

B. Car industry rapidly developed and motorways swiftly emerged.

C. They discriminated against the black people living in city centers.

D. The richer they grew, the more demand they had on privacy an apace.

27. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "detractors " in PARAGRAPH FOUR

A. Urbanites

B. Proponents

C. Opponents

D. Suburbanites

28. What does the underlined word "them" in PARAGRAPH FIVE refer to

A. Parking spaces

B. Green belts

C. Distant commuters

D. Property developers

29. Which of the following best reflects the author's view of suburbanization

A. Measures should be taken to prevent the growth of suburbs

B. The expansion of suburban areas should be planned in advance

C. The West had made of few mistakes on its way to suburbanization

D. Planners should be mentally prepared for its negative consequences

30. Which of the following statements CANNOT be inferred from the passage

A. Public transport should be encouraged in suburbanization

B. People from poor countries are living with privacy and dignity

C. Local conditions should be taken into account in suburbanization

D. American prefer to live in suburbs regardless of urban development

二、简答题（本大题1小题，20分）

根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。

31.推理( inferring)是阅读理解的基本技能之一。请解释"推理"的基本内涵，简述训练推理技能的注意事项，并用英语写出两个可以检测阅读理解的撞理性问题。

三、教学情境分析题（本大题1小题，30分）

根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。

32下面是某英语教师对学生作业的批改案例：

to hear cannot speak either

one’s

I think the most important sense is hearing. If I lose the ability of hearing, I also can’t speak. To lose hearing means

losing

to lose two important functions(of human). An behind them

Deaf-and-dumb people cannot hear the bus noise even if the accident happens in their back. This is the most important

Problem are riding

ploblem for them. For example，suppose that they ride a bike in the busy street. We，normal people feel the dangerous

sense

by the noise，which is made by ears. We can avoid them and drive safely. Deaf people always expode their to danger.

根据所给信息完成下列任务：

（1）该教师的作业批改存在哪些问题（6分）

（2）该批改方式可能会导致哪些负面结果（12分）

（3）针对存在的问题提出相应的改进建议。（12分）

四、教学设计题（本大题1小题，40分）

根据提供的信息和语言素材设计教学方案，用英文作答。

33．设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计一个20分钟的阅读训练活动。教案没有固定格式，单须包含下列要点:

? teaching objectives

? teaching contents

? key and difficult points

? major steps and time allocation

? activities and justifications

教学时间：20分钟

学生概况：某城镇普通中学高中二年级第一学期学生，班级人数40人。多数学生已经达到《普通高

中英语课程标准(实验)》六级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。

语言素材:

Skiing

by Vanessa Luo

Skiing is my favourite sport，even though I have only skied for four days in my whole life! Last year my father promised to take me on a holiday if I did well in my exams. When I got straight A's, Dad said, "How about a weekend at the Botanical Gardens" However, my mum said, “No，you promised a special holiday. I think you ought to keep your word." And，despite the expense，he did.

My dream was to see some real snow，so in the Christmas vacation we flew to Seoul，South Korea, and then took a shuttle bus which runs back and forth between Seoul and Muju Resort. As the bus climbed through the mountains，we saw the snow on the trees. I was dying to get out and play with it! At last, we reached the resort and quickly scrambled out of the bus. No one in my family had ever touched snow before. We were all like little children-we picked it up，made snowballs，and threw them at each other! Then we checked in at the hotel. Our room overlooked one of the ski slopes. The slope was floodlit, so we watched people skiing until 10 p.m. We could not wait to try it ourselves.

The next day we had our first skiing lesson. We rented our ski suits, boots and skis, and went outside onto the snow. Wearing skis for the first time makes you feel very strange. Suddenly you find you cannot even walk.

Our instructor took us onto a gentle slope，and showed us some basic skills. In order to go up a hill，you have to stand sideways, and go up step by step. You must point the tips of your skis together so that you can stop. However，the tips must not cross，or you will fall. You should not ski alone in case you fall and get injured. To be honest, that first lesson was not a great success，and I kept on falling down!

However, the next day, I definitely improved, I only fell over a few times，and I managed to do a few longer runs. I felt pleased with myself, and the instructor congratulated me, so I felt great. Although it was very cold, I spent most of that holiday skiing. It was the most wonderful time of my life.

Nevertheless，it was all over too soon. Now I have decided to work part-time this summer, so I can earn enough money for another super skiing holiday

1.【答案】D。解析:考查音系学知识。此题句意是：在英语中，送气音位变体[p h]和不送气的音位变体[p]是什么关系 [p h]和[p]是同一音位/p/的音位变体。complementary distribution表示“互补分布”。在同一语音环境中出现的两个音并不形成对照或对比，或者说，如果将其中一个代替另一个并不会产生新词或新意时，则这两个音位变体之间的关系是互补分布。所以此题D正确。minimal pair表示“最小对比对”，是指两个语音形式或词除了一个语音片段之外其余部分完金相同的状态，如pill和bill，dill和kill等；phonemic contrast表示“音位对立”，是指两个相似的音位出现在不同语音的同一位置，并产生意义差别，如[p h]和[p]在rope相robe中，它们都在词尾的位置，但是意义不同，因此，它们之间的关系是对立的。two distinctive phonemes表示"两个不同的音位"。而题中[p h]和[p]是同一音位/p/的音位变体，所以C不正确。故选D。

2.[答案】B.解析：考查语言学知识。此题句意是: /s/ and/θ/有什么不同 manner of articulation表示"发言方式，.; place of articulation表示“发音部位”；vibration of the vocal cords表示“声带的震动”；aspiration of articulation 表示“送气发音”。/s/和/θ/都是清辅音、摩擦音，并且发音时都送气，所以排除A、B和C选顷，而/s/和/θ/的不同在于发音部位，/s/为齿龈音，而/θ/为齿音，故B正确。

3.【答案】C。解析：考查名词词义辨析。此题句意思：你会发现Travel Guide 这本书在帮助你和你的孩子游览马来西亚这方面是____。“be of+抽象名词”相当于形容词. be of value表示“很有价值”，故C正确。cost表示"花费"；price 表示"价格"；expenditure 表示“开支，费用”

4.【答案】D。解析:考查动词词组辨析。此题句意是:当火车____，学校所奇的学生都惊讶地看到Carlisle队只高一个男生。pull down表示"拆毁，毁坏"；pull on表示“牵，拉”；“pull off”表示“做成某事”；pull in表示“（指火车）进站”，故D正确。

5.【答案】C。解析：考查形态学知识。此题句意是：下列哪一词包含屈折语素？屈折语素表明各种不同的语法关系和语法范畴。四个选项中，只有C选项Oxen 中"en"表示复数，所以C正确。

6.【答案】D。解析:考查固定结构。此题句意为:阅读之于思维犹如食物之于人体。A is to B what C is to D意思是“A之于B犹如C之于D"，what前后为物与物的比较，如果是数与数的比较，则用as连接，例如: Four is to twelve as one is to three。故此题D正确.

7.【答案】A。解析:考查强调和词义辨析。此题句意是：他没有时间陪他的孩子玩儿，也没有时间陪妻子购物，但是他会定期给家里钱。根据but可知前后时态应该一致，故排除B和D。根据句意可知应表示"给家里钱"，故A正确。

8.【答案】C。解析:考查固定结构。此题句意是:事实上，他们宁愿已经去了伦敦而不是待在伯明翰。固定结构would rather do A than do B表示“宁愿做A 也不愿做B”,故C正确。

9.【答案】D。解析:考查语言本质特征。此题句意是：能够使语言的使用者在交流中克服时间和空间的局限性体现了语言的什么特征 displacement表示"语言的位移性"，是指人类语音可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间上和空间上不可及的物体、时间和观点。故D正确。

10.【答案】B。解析:考查语义关系。此题句意为：句子X“玛丽的宠物猫被偷了。”和句子Y“玛丽有一只宠物猫”是什么关系 X presupposes Y表示“X预设Y”。由句意可知，Y为X的先决条件，故句子X和句子Y为预设关系。故此题B正确.

11.【答案】B。解析：考查教学设计。此题是问:下列关于教案的表述，哪个是不恰当的

A项意为“它是一项教学指导”， B项意为“它是一项必须严格遵照的计划”，C 项意为“它需要考虑到

教学大纲和学情”，D项意为"它事先描述了要教什么和怎么教”。A、C、D项分别体现了教案的性质、要求和内容，但教案只是一份教学计划，在实际过程中全因为一些突发状况而随即进行调整的，所以B项说“需要严格遵照执行”是不准确的。故选B项。

12.【答案】C。解析：此题是问：综合技能活动允许老师在课程中融入更多_____，因为活动范围会更加广泛，A项意为“确定性”，B项意为“内容有效性”，C项意为“多样性”，D项意为“准确性”，从题干当中的integrated和wider等词可以判断出，只有使课堂活动更加多样，才会带来活动范围的扩大。故选C。

13.【答案】A。解析：此题是问：一个只有多项选择题的语言水平测试缺乏____。A项意为“结构高效性”，B项意为“内容有效性”，C项意为“测试信度”，D项意为“评分者信度”。以多项选择试题出现的结构，即使学生能拿高分，也不一定表明其能够自如运用这些语法结构知识进行书面表达或口头交际。也就是说，这一题型只能测试学生的语言输入能力，如听和读，而不能测试学生的语言输出能力，如说和写。因此，多项选择试题的结构效度在当前的测试理论之下的局限性突出。而其成为最普遍的测试手段的主要原因在于它较高的表面效度和信度，但真实并不是真正有效的。故选A。

14.【答案】D。解斩：此题是问：当一名老师让学生将一组句子重新排列成一个有逻辑的段落，那么他/她是想让学生注意___。A项意为“语法”，B项意为“词汇”，C项意为“句型”，D项意为“结构连贯性”。既然老师是让学生重排成端，

所以强调的是句子间的逻辑性，故选D。

15.【答案】D。解析：此题是问：下列哪项活动可以帮助提高学生提炼具体信息的能力？A项意为“通过上下文推断含义”，B项意为“识别作者的看法和态度”，C项意为“利用阅读文章中的信息作出假设”，D项意为“听取航班信息判断飞机是否准时”。由此可知，A、B、C分别对应了含义推断题、态度推断题和细节推断题，侧重的都是对于学生判断能力的锻炼，因而只有D项是通过听力练习中对于细节信息的听取来训练学生对于细节信息的把握能力，故选D。

16.【答案】A。解析：此题是问：下列哪项活动可以被用来检查学生对于文章中难句的理解？

A项意为"释义" ，B项意为"填空"，C项意为“讲故事”，D项意为“总结”。如果想考查学生对于

难句是否理解，可以通过让他们用自己的话进行重新解释来判断。其他几项只涉及到对具体信息或文章大

的把握，故选A。

17.【答案】C。解析：此题是问：当老师组织小组活动时，下列哪项可以最少关心A项意为"增加同伴间的互动" ，B项意为"增加个人练习"，C项意为“提高语言准确性”，D项意为“提供多样性和动力”。组织小组活动的目的一般是调动课堂兴趣，培养学生的参与、合作等能力，锻炼他们的实际语言运用能力。基于这样的目的，在小组活动中，老师可以适当忽略对于语言准确性的要求，故选C。

18.【答案】D。解析：此题是问:如果老师让学生去收集、比较和分析某些句型，他/她旨在发展学生的____。 A项意为“语篇意识”，B项意为“文化意识”，C 项意为“交际能力”，D项意为“语言能力”。由题干可以看出，老师组织的活动主要是针对句型结构的，进一步而言实际体现的是对语言能力的训练，故选D。

19.【答案】B。解析:考查教师的角色。此题是问：当老师对全班同学说"站边来，把这个对话表演出来"，那么他/她扮演的角色是____. A项意为“调控者”，指老师对活动的进程进行把握，保证其开展的顺利高效；C顶意为“评价者”，指老师对学生的表现进行评价；D项意为“促进者”，指老师在学生不知道要做什么说什么时给予适当的提示。在该题中，老师让学生进行一项具体活动，体现了对于课堂活动的设计组织，所以扮演的是组织者的角色，故选B。

20.【答案】B。解析：考查语法技能教学。此题是问:下列哪一项可以更好地检测学生运用语法结构的能力A项意为"让他们找出规律"， B项意为"让他的给出一些例子"，C项意为"让他们解释含义"， D项意为“让他们说明结构”。通过让学生给出一些相同语法结构的例句，可以更准确地判断出他们对于该语法结构的

把握，故选B。

阅读Passage1，完成第21-25题.

【答案解析】

21.【答案】C。解析：考查细节理解。通过阅读文章中第一及第二段，可知作者认为CK是她的英雄，因为CK在对孩子是否可以使用智能手机这个问题的时候知道如何处理，因此作者对他的处理方法印象深刻。故本题的正确答案为C。

22.【答案】A。解析：考查细节理解。根据文章中第二段可知，CK是作者的英雄，因为CK在对孩子是否可以使用智能手机这个问题的时候知道如何处理，但是当作者面对同样的问题时，她却没有处理好这个问题，最终给自己的女儿买了智能手机。故本题的正确答案为A。

23.【答案】A。解析：考查细节理解。根据文章第三段第一句话，得知手机是有毒的，特别是对孩子而言，可知A选项正确。

24.【答案】A。解析：考查词义理解。根据文章第四段，可知手机剥夺了独立的能力。因为智能手机已占据了孩子们所有的时间。CK问道: "What happened to zoning out"，后面给出了答案，有一个关键词"wander"游离，走神，可推测zoning out应该是相wander一样的意思，故本题选A。

25.【答案】C。解析：考查细节理解。根据文章中第三段，可知A选项错误；通过阅读整篇文章，可得知孩子们玩智能手机对他们有很多不利，故B选项错误；C选项表明经历孤独寂寞和悲伤有益于享受快乐，可根据文章的第七、八段得出答案；D选项说明手机也是找人谈话的最快的方式，文章中并没有出现，D选项错误，故本题的正确答案为C。

【答案解析】

26.【答案】D。解析：考查因果题。题干：下列哪一项是西方人们退离城市的原因。根据题干“the west move out of cities”可以定位到文章第一段的最后一部分"the real cause was mass affluence. As people grew richer, they demanded more privacy and space."真正的原因还是人们富裕越来了，随着人们经济上宽裕起来，他们对隐私和空间的要求也越来越高。只有D选项与此相符。

27.【答案】C。解析：考查猜词题。题干：下列哪一个词汇意思上最接近第四段的画线词 "detractors"的含义。A选项urbanities，意为“都市风格”，B选项proponents意为“支持者”，C 选项opponents意为“反对者”，D选项suburbanites意为“郊区特点”。文中detractors出现在第四段的第一句话"The Western suburbs to which so many aspire are healthier than their detractors say."可以推测出detractors的含义是与aspire与healthier这两

个正面的词汇意思相反的，由此可以推出该题正确答案为C。

28.【答案】A。解析：考查指代题。题干：第五自然段中的"them"指代的是什么。第五段中them出现在最后一句，具体的指代内容应该在真前面，前面一句高提到"…American practice of requiring property developers to provide a certain number of parking spaces for every building..."美国人惯常的做法是让开发商在每幢建筑都留有一定的停车空间，由此可知 "them"指的是A，parking spaces停车空间。

29.【答案】B。考查作者观点题。根据最后一段的"A wiser policy would be to plan for huge expansion. Acquire strips of land for roads and railways，and chunks for parks，before the city sprawls into them."可知作者认为对于郊区化，应该提前做好计划，所以B项正确。根据第六段第一句话"The second is that it is foolish to try to stop the spread of suburbs"可知A项错误；C项在第五段开头也再提及，但时态与原文有出入，另外限据第五、六段可知，作者认为从the West犯的错误上我们可以汲取到一些教训，但这些只是作者列举的一些事实，真正体现作者态度的还是在最后一段第一句话；D项在原文没有体现。

30.【答案】B。考查推断题。根据第三段"... ignore the squalor and lack of privacy to be found in Kinshasa，Mumbai or the other crowded cities of the poor world. Many of them are far too dense for dignified living，and need to spread out."可知在世界一些贫穷的地方，由于人口密度太大，人们的生活比较差，所以B 项（贫穷国家的人过着有隐私和有尊严的生活）错误。根据第五段最后可知A正确;根据最后一段倒数第二句话可知C正确；根据第四段最后一句可知D项正确。

31.【参考答案】

“推理”的基本内涵：

推理是要求读者具备阅读除了需要理解文章的字面语义外，也需要透过字里行间领悟言外之意及作者

的语气、态度的能力。推理的前提是阅读到的高关文字--可能是短语或句子或整个段落甚至整篇短文。

读者必须由表及里、由此及彼，从字里行间悟出合乎作者本意的言外之意。推理的结果应是既来自于字里

行间、又高于字里行间；既符合原文实际内涵，又超越实际内涵；既基于已知事实，又不仅仅是已知事实。

训练推理技能的注意事项：

①忠于原文，切忌用自己的观点取代作者原意

②注意作者遣词造句的特点和倾向，客观推测作者立场、观点和写作意图；

③由同一已知事实可推出不止一个正确的结论。

两个可以检测阅读理解的撞理性问题:

Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards...

What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows

32.【参考答案】

（1）该教师的作业批改存在的问题有：

①批改面面俱到。该教师采用了"包办"法，标出学生作文中每个错误，甚至帮学生一一改正这些错误；

②批改字迹有些潦草，个别符号意思不明确，不是很明白易懂；

③在批改过程中，该教师一味地指出错误，没有把好的词句划出来，不能及时鼓励学生的优点。

（2）该批改方式可能会导致的负面结果有：

①教师一一帮助学生改正错误，等于老师重新帮他写了一篇作文，这样势必造成批阅时间过长，影

其他环节的工作，而且也会阻滞学生英语写作能力的提高；

②该教师重作文批改、轻讲评的方式，会导致对学生作文的轻率处理，没有达到写作的效果；

③该教师一味地指出错误，可能会打消学生的学习积极性，丧失学习兴趣，过多指出错误会直接影响

到学生的情绪，伤害学生的自尊心，减低学习效果。

（3）英语老师要根据课程标准和教材的要求以及学生的认知水平，布置精选精练的作业，在批改作业时

应注意：

①不宜只指出错误而不给予纠正。教师批改作文指出错误后，要重视纠错，有

些错误可以根据学生个

人学习能力由他们自行纠正，有些超句子水平的错误是学生无法自己改正的，教师应给予修正；

②不宜千篇一律地批改作文。不同水平的学习者对纠正错误的期望和要求存在

着差异，这一事实要求

教师不仅应当注意这些要求，而且要灵活地处理不同的要求。

③不宜主次不分地批改作文。批改作文时不直抓小失大，主次不分。如果只注意作文中的枝节（如拼

写）而忽视全局性的问题，这样的批改是片面的，要重视'全局性问题"，主要是文章的内容、文章的结构、文章的材料、文章的语言等。

④教师可以采用评语的方式对作业远行批改，但评语所使用的语言应与学生的语言水平相当。教师可以用学生已学的单词、短语、句型、时态、语态、语气或篇章结构，也可以用即将接触的语言。

33.【参考设计】

Teaching Topic: Skiing

Class Type: Reading Class

Teaching Contents:

This lesson is from senior high school，and it mainly talks about the first skiing experience of the writer on Christmas vacation. This lesson will enlarge students' vocabulary of natural phenomenon and help them learn to express the past actions.

Teaching objectives:

Knowledge objective:

In the reading class，students can learn some new words and important expressions of the description of the unforgettable skiing experience.

Ability objectives:

1. Students can master the skills about how to describe an unforgettable experience.

2. Students can grasp the reading skills by skimming and scanning the text and talk about the past tense.

Emotional objectives:

1. Strengthen pride and awareness. Of Chinese traditional festival.

2. Foster the confidence and enthusiasm of learning English.

Key and Difficult Points:

Key point:

Students can understand the whole passage and retell it and know how to describe one experience of them.

Difficult point:

How to get the skills of reading.

Teaching Method:

Task-based Teaching Method, Situational Teaching Method，Communicative approach

Teaching Aid: Multi-media，pictures of natural tourist areas

Teaching Procedures:

Step1 Warming up (3 min)

Free talk:

The teacher will show some pictures about the famous natural tourist areas, such as Guilin Scenery in China，Yellowstone National Park in US and Alpine Ski Facility in Swizerland and then ask students a question: what information can you get from the pictures. Three minutes will be given. When time is up，several students will be asked to make a short report.

(Justification: Through this period，the students can arouse the interest of the class and the students' speaking ability can be improved.)

Step 2 Pre-reading (2 min)

The teacher sets two questions for students to think. The first one is how people celebrate Christmas . The second one is what story is the

reading about. Ask students to guess the main idea of the passage.

(Justification: Before reading this passage, students do the brainstorming and cultivate student's predictive ability.)

Step 3 While-reading (10 min)

Fast reading:

Ask the students the main idea of the passage，and what the main characters in the story are

Careful reading:

Read the passage，discuss in groups and put the event in the correct order. ____I only fell over a few times, and I managed to do a few longer runs. ____On Christmas，we flew to Seoul，South Korea.

____My father promised to take me on a special holiday.

____We returned our ski suits，boots and skis，and went outside into the snow.

____ I decided to work part-time，so that I could earn enough money. ____We watched people skiing until 10 p.m.

(Justification: Through fast reading and careful reading, students can learn the main strategies of reading，such as skimming and scanning. Moreover they can know how to read a passage when given a long passage.)

Step 4 Post-reading (3 min)

At the step, students will learn the new words and expressions，so there will be some exercises for them.

Without looking at the passage, try to complete the sentences with the correct words.

1. Then we__ in at the hotel.

2.____ you find you cannot even walk

3. ___ took us onto a___ slope.

4.____it was very cold, I spent most of that holiday.

(Justification: Check out whether the students master the important words and the correct function.)

Step 5 Summary and homework (2 min)

Summary: Ask a student to talk about what they have learnt in the reading class and let some students retell the story for us.

Homework: At the English corner, tell the most unforgettable experience of them on vacation, and write it down briefly.

(Justification: Retelling can help students to deepen their understanding of the passage and homework can help students improve their speaking and writing ability.)

Blackboard design:

Skiing

Q 1: How do students celebrate Christmas on vacation

Q2: What is the story about

Read the passage, discuss in groups and put the events in the correct order.

Group 1 VS Group 2

____I only fell over a few times, and I managed to do a few longer runs. ____On Christmas，we flew to Seoul，South Korea.

____My father promised to take me on a special holiday.

____We returned our ski suits，boots and skis，and went outside into the snow.

____ I decided to work part-time，so that I could earn enough money. ____We watched people skiing until 10 p.m.