新编英语教程 6 Unit 1 教案

Unit 1

Text I Two words to avoid, two to remember

I. objectives: 1. to discuss the instructive significance of the text;

2. to catch the key points in each para. and grasp the main idea of the essay;

3. to appreciate the way the author write the story.

II. pre-class work: Read Org.& Dev. and Analysis.

III. introduction:

1. Have you ever felt regretful of doing something? Would you share with us your regretful

experiences?

2. What would say to comfort yourself?

3. What are the two words the author advises the reader to avoid and the two words to remember?

“If only” and “next time”

4. What do they mean respectively?

①“If only”if it were possible that; used to introduce a wish, esp. one that seems unlikely

or impossible; (We must use subjunctive mood after “if only”) e.g.

If only it would stop raining.

If only I had worked harder I would have passed the exam.

If only I had taken his advice, I would have become a rich man.

Its synonyms are “provided that”, and “supposed”.

②“next time”the time that follows this time; used to introduce a plan esp. one that

seems likely and possible;(We should use future tense after “next time”)

I will work harder next time.

I will take his advice next time.

5. What are the different effects that theses two phases bring on you?

The former one gives a sense of regret and disappointment. While as the latter one provides

a feeling of determination and encouragement.

IV. Organization and Development:

This is a piece of narration. The story is related in a chronological sequence.

characters: I and "the Old Man"

time: a wintry afternoon

place: at "the Old Man's" offices

cause: The author's project had failed because of his miscalculation.

development: I told the Old Man what was bothering me.

He brought me to his offices.

He let me listen to three short recordings and asked me to spot the common denominator in them.

I failed to find out their common denominator. And the Old Man said it was "if only".

He explained to me why should one avoid using "if only" and remember to use "next time"

I accepted his advice. Whenever he find himself thinking "if only", he change it to "next time". theme: Nothing in life is more exciting and rewarding than sudden flash of insight that leaves you

a changed person -- not only changed, but for the better.

IV. In-reading comprehension

Para.1

What is the theme of the text? How do you paraphrase the sentence?

"Nothing in life is more exciting and rewarding than sudden flash of insight

that leaves you a changed person -- not only changed, but for the better.

The most inspiring and gratifying fact of life is the unexpected spark of enlightenment that makes you

different and a better person than before.

Para.2

1. introduction about Manhattan:

Manhattan, borough of New York City, coextensive with New York County, southeastern New York, at the head of Upper New York Bay. The main economic hub of New York City, Manhattan is one of the world’s leading commercial, financial, cultural, manufacturing, medical, and tourist centers. Manhattan Island, which makes up almost all of the borough, is bounded on the north and northeast by Spuyten Duyvil Creek and the Harlem River, which separate it from the borough of the Bronx; on the east by the East River, which separates it from the boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn; on the south by Upper New York Bay; and on the west by the Hudson River, which separates it from New Jersey. The borough, about 80 sq km (about 31 sq mi) in area, also encompasses a small exclave (Marble Hill) on the Bronx mainland; several islands in the East River, including Franklin D. Roosevelt Island (the site of

a large modern housing complex), Randalls Island, and Wards Island; and Governors Island in

Upper New York Bay.

The name Manhattan is derived from an Algonquian term for “island of hills.” In 1524 the island, then inhabited by Native Americans, was probably seen by the Italian navigator Giovanni da Verrazzano.

Ethnic and social groupings characterize some residential areas of the borough. Lower Manhattan contains fairly well-defined quarters inhabited by persons of Italian, Chinese, and Hispanic descent. Also in the southern part of the borough are Greenwich Village and SoHo, districts noted for artistic and cultural activities. Battery Park City, a large-scale residential and commercial development on landfill near the tip of Manhattan Island, was constructed during the 1980s. One of the most socially select sections of Manhattan is the Upper East Side, which borders Central Park on the east and includes portions of Park and Fifth avenues. The Upper West Side, located adjacent to the western part of the park and including a portion of Riverside Dr., is another major residential area. Harlem, situated astride 125th St., contains large communities of blacks and Hispanic-Americans. Many Hispanics also live in northern Manhattan, which takes in the Washington Heights and Inwood districts.

Manhattan is one of the world’s great educational and cultural centers. Facilities of higher education in Manhattan include City College (1847) and Hunter College (1870), both part of the City University of New York; Columbia University; Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art; Fordham University at Lincoln Center; the New School for Social Research (1919); New York University; Pace University (1906); Rockefeller University;

Yeshiva University; and such predominantly religious schools as Union Theological Seminary,

the General Theological Seminary (1817), and the Jewish Theological Seminary of America.

Specialized instruction in music, drama, and painting is offered by the Juilliard School, the Manhattan School of Music (1917), the American Academy of Dramatic Arts (1884), and the School of Visual Arts (1947).

2. How were the author and the old man related?

The old man was an eminent psychiatrist and the author was a client of his.

3. According to the author, how much did the session with his psychiatrist friend that afternoon

mean to him?

Refer to para. 1. To him, the session was just like “a flash of insight that leaves him a changed person not only changed, but changed for the better.

4．fall through fail to be successfully completed; come to nothing. e.g.: Our plans fell through at the last minute.

fall apart to break down; collapse

The rickety chair fell apart.

fall away decrease

Attendance fell away after the third week of the course.

fall off to become less; decrease

The number of staff meetings fell off after a few months.

fall upon to attack suddenly and viciously:

The enemy fell on him and pinned his arms tight.

fall over drop accidentally to ground:

I fell over a pile of books that had been left on the floor.

fall to be duty of somebody

It falls to the council to decide the matter.

fall back upon to rely on

We should fall back on old friends in time of need.

fall in with to agree with or be in harmony with

Their views fall in with ours.

fall between (the) two stools to fail because of an inability to reconcile or choose between two courses of action.

5. prospect n. ①something expected; a possibility

There's not much prospect of Mr. Smith's being elected as Congressman.

②a scene

a beautiful prospect over the valley

v. to search for or explore (a region) for mineral deposits or oil

The prospecting team ploughed their way through the snows.

Para. 3

1. Paraphrase the first sentence.

At last he walked over from the other side of the street, wrapped in his old fashioned overcoat, his bald head covered by a shapeless felt hat. He looked like a dwarfish old man full of energy rather than a well-known psychiatrist.

2. eminent ①outstanding, as in character or performance; distinguished, e.g.

an eminent historian

②towering or standing out above others, e.g.

an eminent peak

3. What is a psychiatrist and why people consult psychiatrist.

Psychiatry, branch of medicine specializing in mental illnesses. Psychiatrists not only diagnose and treat these disorders but also conduct research directed at understanding and preventing them.

A psychiatrist is a doctor of medicine who has had four years of postgraduate training in

psychiatry. Many psychiatrists take further training in psychoanalysis, child psychiatry, or other subspecialties. Psychiatrists treat patients in private practice, in general hospitals, or in specialized facilities for the mentally ill (psychiatric hospitals, outpatient clinics, or community mental health centers). Some spend part or all of their time doing research or administering mental health programs. By contrast, psychologists, who often work closely with psychiatrists and treat many of the same kinds of patients, are not trained in medicine;

consequently, they neither diagnose physical illness nor administer drugs.

Psychiatrists use a variety of methods to detect specific disorders in their patients. The most fundamental is the psychiatric interview, during which the patient's psychiatric history is taken and mental status is evaluated. The psychiatric history is a picture of the patient's personality characteristics, relationships with others, and past and present experience with psychiatric problems—all told in the patient's words (sometimes supplemented by comments from other family members). Psychiatrists use mental-status examinations much as internists use physical examinations. They elicit and classify aspects of the patient's mental functioning.

Para. 4

1. invariable never changing

②invariables: mathematics constant quality.

2. preliminary n. ①something that precedes, prepares for, or introduces the main matter,

action, or business. 开端，初步

②Sports A contest to determine the finalists in a competition. 【体育运

动】预赛

③often preliminaries Printing The front matter of a book. 【印刷术】前

言：书的开头内容

adj. Prior to or preparing for the main matter, action, or business;

introductory or prefatory, 开头的，初步的：先于主要事件、行动或

业务的或为其作准备的；预备性的或前面的e.g.

a preliminary examination; a preliminary investigation

Para. 5

1. perceptiveness unusual ability to notice and understand; awareness and understanding.

(=perceptivity)

2. proceed ①to go forward or onward, especially after an interruption; continue

proceeded to his destination

②to begin to carry on an action

looked surprised, then proceeded to roar with laughter

③Law to institute and conduct legal action

proceeded against the defaulting debtor

Para. 6-10

1. Why did the old man advise the author to do to get out of his depressed state of mind?

The three speakers on the tape were all unhappy, and the two words they all used frequently in what they said were “if only.” What the old man wanted to point out to the author was that to keep saying “if only”would not change anything; on the contrary, it only kept the person facing the wrong way backward instead of forward. Thus it did more harm than good to the person who kept saying them.

2. Sigmund Freud

Freud, Sigmund (1856-1939), Austrian physician, neurologist, and founder of psychoanalysis.

In 1886 Freud established a private practice in Vienna specializing in nervous disease. He met with violent opposition from the Viennese medical profession because of his strong support of Charcot’s unorthodox views on hysteria and hypnotherapy. The resentment he incurred was to delay any acceptance of his subsequent findings on the origin of neurosis.

Freud created an entirely new approach to the understanding of human personality by his demonstration of the existence and force of the unconscious. In addition, he founded a new medical discipline and formulated basic therapeutic procedures that in modified form are applied widely in the present-day treatment of neuroses and psychoses. Although never accorded full recognition during his lifetime, Freud is generally acknowledged as one of the great creative minds of modern times.

Para. 11

1. berate to rebuke or scold angrily and at length

scold，berate，

These verbs mean to reprimand or criticize angrily or vehemently.

Scold implies an annoyed or bad-tempered reproof: 暗示恼怒或坏脾气：

The young woman's parents scolded her for questioning their authority.

Berate suggests scolding or rebuking angrily and at length: 指长时间愤怒地责备或谴责：The dissatisfied customer berated the florist.

2. Paraphrase the third sentence of the paragraph.

The next speaker on the tape was a woman who had remained single because she thought she was obliged to take care of her mother who was a widow. She still remembered and told others miserably about all the chances of marriage she had missed.

Para. 12-16

1. woeful mournful

2. lament ①to express grief for or about:

lament a death

②to regret deeply

He lamented his thoughtless acts.

3. Paraphrase the last sentence of para. 15.

Eventually, if you form a habit of saying “if only”, the phrase can really turn to an obstruction, providing you with an excuse for giving up trying anything at all.

Para. 17-24

1. hash over discuss carefully; review

2. Paraphrase the first sentence of para.18.

… you are always thinking of the past, regretting and lamenting. You did not look forward to

what you can do in the future at all.

3. rueful inspiring pity or compassion

ruefully regretfully

4. Why did the old man advise the author to do to get out of his depressed state of mind?

Shift the focus; substitute “next time” for “ if only”.

5. grim Unrelenting; unpleasant, dreadful

to look grim

I've had a grim day.

Para. 25-33

1. In what way are the two phrases “if only” and “next time” different?

They point to entirely different mental directions; one is backward and negative, and the other forward and positive.

2. Paraphrase para.28and 29.

The Old Man said to me trickily, using the phrase “if only” on purpose, “if only we’d got here ten seconds earlier, we’d have caught the cab.” I laughed and understood what he meant. So I followed his advice and said, “Next time I’ll run faster.”

3. What do you think is the tone of the passage?

It is instructive and inspirational.

Text II The Romance of Words

1. What is the writer’s purpose of writing? Where in the essay is it first made clear? Is it echoed

somewhere else?

The writer’s purpose of writing is to call upon the readers to pay more attention to words, which they tend to take for granted. This is made clear at the very beginning of the article by the sentence “From now on we want you to look at words intently, to be inordinately curious about them and to examine them syllable by syllable, letter by letter.” This is echoed by the sentence in the last paragraph: “From this time on, as we enter our word studies, try to become self-conscious about words.”

2. To show the dynamic nature of words, the writer have used two analogies. What are they?

Which one do you concentrate on?

The two analogies the writers have made are “human beings” and “living trees”. But in the article they concentrate on the analogy of “living trees”.

3. Where in the essay can you find the writers’ explanations of the root of a word, the branches,

and the leaves of our language respectively?

Their explanations can be found in para. 6,12,and 16 respectively:

The story of the root of a word is the story of its origin.

The branches of our language tree are those many groups of words that have grown out from one original root.

The leaves of this language tree would be the words themselves and their meanings.

4. In the essay the writer have used various examples to illustrate what is meant by the root of a

word, the branches, and the leaves of the language. Now try to provide similar examples of your own. You can refer to dictionaries and books, especially those on English lexicology.